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      1 // Copyright 2013 the V8 project authors. All rights reserved.
      2 // Use of this source code is governed by a BSD-style license that can be
      3 // found in the LICENSE file.
      4 
      5 #ifndef V8_INTL_SUPPORT
      6 #error Internationalization is expected to be enabled.
      7 #endif  // V8_INTL_SUPPORT
      8 
      9 #include "src/intl.h"
     10 
     11 #include <memory>
     12 
     13 #include "src/heap/factory.h"
     14 #include "src/isolate.h"
     15 #include "src/objects-inl.h"
     16 #include "src/string-case.h"
     17 #include "unicode/basictz.h"
     18 #include "unicode/calendar.h"
     19 #include "unicode/gregocal.h"
     20 #include "unicode/timezone.h"
     21 #include "unicode/ustring.h"
     22 #include "unicode/uvernum.h"
     23 #include "unicode/uversion.h"
     24 
     25 namespace v8 {
     26 namespace internal {
     27 
     28 namespace {
     29 inline bool IsASCIIUpper(uint16_t ch) { return ch >= 'A' && ch <= 'Z'; }
     30 
     31 const uint8_t kToLower[256] = {
     32     0x00, 0x01, 0x02, 0x03, 0x04, 0x05, 0x06, 0x07, 0x08, 0x09, 0x0A, 0x0B,
     33     0x0C, 0x0D, 0x0E, 0x0F, 0x10, 0x11, 0x12, 0x13, 0x14, 0x15, 0x16, 0x17,
     34     0x18, 0x19, 0x1A, 0x1B, 0x1C, 0x1D, 0x1E, 0x1F, 0x20, 0x21, 0x22, 0x23,
     35     0x24, 0x25, 0x26, 0x27, 0x28, 0x29, 0x2A, 0x2B, 0x2C, 0x2D, 0x2E, 0x2F,
     36     0x30, 0x31, 0x32, 0x33, 0x34, 0x35, 0x36, 0x37, 0x38, 0x39, 0x3A, 0x3B,
     37     0x3C, 0x3D, 0x3E, 0x3F, 0x40, 0x61, 0x62, 0x63, 0x64, 0x65, 0x66, 0x67,
     38     0x68, 0x69, 0x6A, 0x6B, 0x6C, 0x6D, 0x6E, 0x6F, 0x70, 0x71, 0x72, 0x73,
     39     0x74, 0x75, 0x76, 0x77, 0x78, 0x79, 0x7A, 0x5B, 0x5C, 0x5D, 0x5E, 0x5F,
     40     0x60, 0x61, 0x62, 0x63, 0x64, 0x65, 0x66, 0x67, 0x68, 0x69, 0x6A, 0x6B,
     41     0x6C, 0x6D, 0x6E, 0x6F, 0x70, 0x71, 0x72, 0x73, 0x74, 0x75, 0x76, 0x77,
     42     0x78, 0x79, 0x7A, 0x7B, 0x7C, 0x7D, 0x7E, 0x7F, 0x80, 0x81, 0x82, 0x83,
     43     0x84, 0x85, 0x86, 0x87, 0x88, 0x89, 0x8A, 0x8B, 0x8C, 0x8D, 0x8E, 0x8F,
     44     0x90, 0x91, 0x92, 0x93, 0x94, 0x95, 0x96, 0x97, 0x98, 0x99, 0x9A, 0x9B,
     45     0x9C, 0x9D, 0x9E, 0x9F, 0xA0, 0xA1, 0xA2, 0xA3, 0xA4, 0xA5, 0xA6, 0xA7,
     46     0xA8, 0xA9, 0xAA, 0xAB, 0xAC, 0xAD, 0xAE, 0xAF, 0xB0, 0xB1, 0xB2, 0xB3,
     47     0xB4, 0xB5, 0xB6, 0xB7, 0xB8, 0xB9, 0xBA, 0xBB, 0xBC, 0xBD, 0xBE, 0xBF,
     48     0xE0, 0xE1, 0xE2, 0xE3, 0xE4, 0xE5, 0xE6, 0xE7, 0xE8, 0xE9, 0xEA, 0xEB,
     49     0xEC, 0xED, 0xEE, 0xEF, 0xF0, 0xF1, 0xF2, 0xF3, 0xF4, 0xF5, 0xF6, 0xD7,
     50     0xF8, 0xF9, 0xFA, 0xFB, 0xFC, 0xFD, 0xFE, 0xDF, 0xE0, 0xE1, 0xE2, 0xE3,
     51     0xE4, 0xE5, 0xE6, 0xE7, 0xE8, 0xE9, 0xEA, 0xEB, 0xEC, 0xED, 0xEE, 0xEF,
     52     0xF0, 0xF1, 0xF2, 0xF3, 0xF4, 0xF5, 0xF6, 0xF7, 0xF8, 0xF9, 0xFA, 0xFB,
     53     0xFC, 0xFD, 0xFE, 0xFF,
     54 };
     55 
     56 inline uint16_t ToLatin1Lower(uint16_t ch) {
     57   return static_cast<uint16_t>(kToLower[ch]);
     58 }
     59 
     60 inline uint16_t ToASCIIUpper(uint16_t ch) {
     61   return ch & ~((ch >= 'a' && ch <= 'z') << 5);
     62 }
     63 
     64 // Does not work for U+00DF (sharp-s), U+00B5 (micron), U+00FF.
     65 inline uint16_t ToLatin1Upper(uint16_t ch) {
     66   DCHECK(ch != 0xDF && ch != 0xB5 && ch != 0xFF);
     67   return ch &
     68          ~(((ch >= 'a' && ch <= 'z') || (((ch & 0xE0) == 0xE0) && ch != 0xF7))
     69            << 5);
     70 }
     71 
     72 template <typename Char>
     73 bool ToUpperFastASCII(const Vector<const Char>& src,
     74                       Handle<SeqOneByteString> result) {
     75   // Do a faster loop for the case where all the characters are ASCII.
     76   uint16_t ored = 0;
     77   int32_t index = 0;
     78   for (auto it = src.begin(); it != src.end(); ++it) {
     79     uint16_t ch = static_cast<uint16_t>(*it);
     80     ored |= ch;
     81     result->SeqOneByteStringSet(index++, ToASCIIUpper(ch));
     82   }
     83   return !(ored & ~0x7F);
     84 }
     85 
     86 const uint16_t sharp_s = 0xDF;
     87 
     88 template <typename Char>
     89 bool ToUpperOneByte(const Vector<const Char>& src, uint8_t* dest,
     90                     int* sharp_s_count) {
     91   // Still pretty-fast path for the input with non-ASCII Latin-1 characters.
     92 
     93   // There are two special cases.
     94   //  1. U+00B5 and U+00FF are mapped to a character beyond U+00FF.
     95   //  2. Lower case sharp-S converts to "SS" (two characters)
     96   *sharp_s_count = 0;
     97   for (auto it = src.begin(); it != src.end(); ++it) {
     98     uint16_t ch = static_cast<uint16_t>(*it);
     99     if (V8_UNLIKELY(ch == sharp_s)) {
    100       ++(*sharp_s_count);
    101       continue;
    102     }
    103     if (V8_UNLIKELY(ch == 0xB5 || ch == 0xFF)) {
    104       // Since this upper-cased character does not fit in an 8-bit string, we
    105       // need to take the 16-bit path.
    106       return false;
    107     }
    108     *dest++ = ToLatin1Upper(ch);
    109   }
    110 
    111   return true;
    112 }
    113 
    114 template <typename Char>
    115 void ToUpperWithSharpS(const Vector<const Char>& src,
    116                        Handle<SeqOneByteString> result) {
    117   int32_t dest_index = 0;
    118   for (auto it = src.begin(); it != src.end(); ++it) {
    119     uint16_t ch = static_cast<uint16_t>(*it);
    120     if (ch == sharp_s) {
    121       result->SeqOneByteStringSet(dest_index++, 'S');
    122       result->SeqOneByteStringSet(dest_index++, 'S');
    123     } else {
    124       result->SeqOneByteStringSet(dest_index++, ToLatin1Upper(ch));
    125     }
    126   }
    127 }
    128 
    129 inline int FindFirstUpperOrNonAscii(String* s, int length) {
    130   for (int index = 0; index < length; ++index) {
    131     uint16_t ch = s->Get(index);
    132     if (V8_UNLIKELY(IsASCIIUpper(ch) || ch & ~0x7F)) {
    133       return index;
    134     }
    135   }
    136   return length;
    137 }
    138 
    139 }  // namespace
    140 
    141 const uint8_t* ToLatin1LowerTable() { return &kToLower[0]; }
    142 
    143 const UChar* GetUCharBufferFromFlat(const String::FlatContent& flat,
    144                                     std::unique_ptr<uc16[]>* dest,
    145                                     int32_t length) {
    146   DCHECK(flat.IsFlat());
    147   if (flat.IsOneByte()) {
    148     if (!*dest) {
    149       dest->reset(NewArray<uc16>(length));
    150       CopyChars(dest->get(), flat.ToOneByteVector().start(), length);
    151     }
    152     return reinterpret_cast<const UChar*>(dest->get());
    153   } else {
    154     return reinterpret_cast<const UChar*>(flat.ToUC16Vector().start());
    155   }
    156 }
    157 
    158 MaybeHandle<String> LocaleConvertCase(Handle<String> s, Isolate* isolate,
    159                                       bool is_to_upper, const char* lang) {
    160   auto case_converter = is_to_upper ? u_strToUpper : u_strToLower;
    161   int32_t src_length = s->length();
    162   int32_t dest_length = src_length;
    163   UErrorCode status;
    164   Handle<SeqTwoByteString> result;
    165   std::unique_ptr<uc16[]> sap;
    166 
    167   if (dest_length == 0) return ReadOnlyRoots(isolate).empty_string_handle();
    168 
    169   // This is not a real loop. It'll be executed only once (no overflow) or
    170   // twice (overflow).
    171   for (int i = 0; i < 2; ++i) {
    172     // Case conversion can increase the string length (e.g. sharp-S => SS) so
    173     // that we have to handle RangeError exceptions here.
    174     ASSIGN_RETURN_ON_EXCEPTION(
    175         isolate, result, isolate->factory()->NewRawTwoByteString(dest_length),
    176         String);
    177     DisallowHeapAllocation no_gc;
    178     DCHECK(s->IsFlat());
    179     String::FlatContent flat = s->GetFlatContent();
    180     const UChar* src = GetUCharBufferFromFlat(flat, &sap, src_length);
    181     status = U_ZERO_ERROR;
    182     dest_length = case_converter(reinterpret_cast<UChar*>(result->GetChars()),
    183                                  dest_length, src, src_length, lang, &status);
    184     if (status != U_BUFFER_OVERFLOW_ERROR) break;
    185   }
    186 
    187   // In most cases, the output will fill the destination buffer completely
    188   // leading to an unterminated string (U_STRING_NOT_TERMINATED_WARNING).
    189   // Only in rare cases, it'll be shorter than the destination buffer and
    190   // |result| has to be truncated.
    191   DCHECK(U_SUCCESS(status));
    192   if (V8_LIKELY(status == U_STRING_NOT_TERMINATED_WARNING)) {
    193     DCHECK(dest_length == result->length());
    194     return result;
    195   }
    196   DCHECK(dest_length < result->length());
    197   return SeqString::Truncate(result, dest_length);
    198 }
    199 
    200 // A stripped-down version of ConvertToLower that can only handle flat one-byte
    201 // strings and does not allocate. Note that {src} could still be, e.g., a
    202 // one-byte sliced string with a two-byte parent string.
    203 // Called from TF builtins.
    204 V8_WARN_UNUSED_RESULT String* ConvertOneByteToLower(String* src, String* dst) {
    205   DCHECK_EQ(src->length(), dst->length());
    206   DCHECK(src->HasOnlyOneByteChars());
    207   DCHECK(src->IsFlat());
    208   DCHECK(dst->IsSeqOneByteString());
    209 
    210   DisallowHeapAllocation no_gc;
    211 
    212   const int length = src->length();
    213   String::FlatContent src_flat = src->GetFlatContent();
    214   uint8_t* dst_data = SeqOneByteString::cast(dst)->GetChars();
    215 
    216   if (src_flat.IsOneByte()) {
    217     const uint8_t* src_data = src_flat.ToOneByteVector().start();
    218 
    219     bool has_changed_character = false;
    220     int index_to_first_unprocessed =
    221         FastAsciiConvert<true>(reinterpret_cast<char*>(dst_data),
    222                                reinterpret_cast<const char*>(src_data), length,
    223                                &has_changed_character);
    224 
    225     if (index_to_first_unprocessed == length) {
    226       return has_changed_character ? dst : src;
    227     }
    228 
    229     // If not ASCII, we keep the result up to index_to_first_unprocessed and
    230     // process the rest.
    231     for (int index = index_to_first_unprocessed; index < length; ++index) {
    232       dst_data[index] = ToLatin1Lower(static_cast<uint16_t>(src_data[index]));
    233     }
    234   } else {
    235     DCHECK(src_flat.IsTwoByte());
    236     int index_to_first_unprocessed = FindFirstUpperOrNonAscii(src, length);
    237     if (index_to_first_unprocessed == length) return src;
    238 
    239     const uint16_t* src_data = src_flat.ToUC16Vector().start();
    240     CopyChars(dst_data, src_data, index_to_first_unprocessed);
    241     for (int index = index_to_first_unprocessed; index < length; ++index) {
    242       dst_data[index] = ToLatin1Lower(static_cast<uint16_t>(src_data[index]));
    243     }
    244   }
    245 
    246   return dst;
    247 }
    248 
    249 MaybeHandle<String> ConvertToLower(Handle<String> s, Isolate* isolate) {
    250   if (!s->HasOnlyOneByteChars()) {
    251     // Use a slower implementation for strings with characters beyond U+00FF.
    252     return LocaleConvertCase(s, isolate, false, "");
    253   }
    254 
    255   int length = s->length();
    256 
    257   // We depend here on the invariant that the length of a Latin1
    258   // string is invariant under ToLowerCase, and the result always
    259   // fits in the Latin1 range in the *root locale*. It does not hold
    260   // for ToUpperCase even in the root locale.
    261 
    262   // Scan the string for uppercase and non-ASCII characters for strings
    263   // shorter than a machine-word without any memory allocation overhead.
    264   // TODO(jshin): Apply this to a longer input by breaking FastAsciiConvert()
    265   // to two parts, one for scanning the prefix with no change and the other for
    266   // handling ASCII-only characters.
    267 
    268   bool is_short = length < static_cast<int>(sizeof(uintptr_t));
    269   if (is_short) {
    270     bool is_lower_ascii = FindFirstUpperOrNonAscii(*s, length) == length;
    271     if (is_lower_ascii) return s;
    272   }
    273 
    274   Handle<SeqOneByteString> result =
    275       isolate->factory()->NewRawOneByteString(length).ToHandleChecked();
    276 
    277   return Handle<String>(ConvertOneByteToLower(*s, *result), isolate);
    278 }
    279 
    280 MaybeHandle<String> ConvertToUpper(Handle<String> s, Isolate* isolate) {
    281   int32_t length = s->length();
    282   if (s->HasOnlyOneByteChars() && length > 0) {
    283     Handle<SeqOneByteString> result =
    284         isolate->factory()->NewRawOneByteString(length).ToHandleChecked();
    285 
    286     DCHECK(s->IsFlat());
    287     int sharp_s_count;
    288     bool is_result_single_byte;
    289     {
    290       DisallowHeapAllocation no_gc;
    291       String::FlatContent flat = s->GetFlatContent();
    292       uint8_t* dest = result->GetChars();
    293       if (flat.IsOneByte()) {
    294         Vector<const uint8_t> src = flat.ToOneByteVector();
    295         bool has_changed_character = false;
    296         int index_to_first_unprocessed =
    297             FastAsciiConvert<false>(reinterpret_cast<char*>(result->GetChars()),
    298                                     reinterpret_cast<const char*>(src.start()),
    299                                     length, &has_changed_character);
    300         if (index_to_first_unprocessed == length) {
    301           return has_changed_character ? result : s;
    302         }
    303         // If not ASCII, we keep the result up to index_to_first_unprocessed and
    304         // process the rest.
    305         is_result_single_byte =
    306             ToUpperOneByte(src.SubVector(index_to_first_unprocessed, length),
    307                            dest + index_to_first_unprocessed, &sharp_s_count);
    308       } else {
    309         DCHECK(flat.IsTwoByte());
    310         Vector<const uint16_t> src = flat.ToUC16Vector();
    311         if (ToUpperFastASCII(src, result)) return result;
    312         is_result_single_byte = ToUpperOneByte(src, dest, &sharp_s_count);
    313       }
    314     }
    315 
    316     // Go to the full Unicode path if there are characters whose uppercase
    317     // is beyond the Latin-1 range (cannot be represented in OneByteString).
    318     if (V8_UNLIKELY(!is_result_single_byte)) {
    319       return LocaleConvertCase(s, isolate, true, "");
    320     }
    321 
    322     if (sharp_s_count == 0) return result;
    323 
    324     // We have sharp_s_count sharp-s characters, but the result is still
    325     // in the Latin-1 range.
    326     ASSIGN_RETURN_ON_EXCEPTION(
    327         isolate, result,
    328         isolate->factory()->NewRawOneByteString(length + sharp_s_count),
    329         String);
    330     DisallowHeapAllocation no_gc;
    331     String::FlatContent flat = s->GetFlatContent();
    332     if (flat.IsOneByte()) {
    333       ToUpperWithSharpS(flat.ToOneByteVector(), result);
    334     } else {
    335       ToUpperWithSharpS(flat.ToUC16Vector(), result);
    336     }
    337 
    338     return result;
    339   }
    340 
    341   return LocaleConvertCase(s, isolate, true, "");
    342 }
    343 
    344 MaybeHandle<String> ConvertCase(Handle<String> s, bool is_upper,
    345                                 Isolate* isolate) {
    346   return is_upper ? ConvertToUpper(s, isolate) : ConvertToLower(s, isolate);
    347 }
    348 
    349 ICUTimezoneCache::ICUTimezoneCache() : timezone_(nullptr) { Clear(); }
    350 
    351 ICUTimezoneCache::~ICUTimezoneCache() { Clear(); }
    352 
    353 const char* ICUTimezoneCache::LocalTimezone(double time_ms) {
    354   bool is_dst = DaylightSavingsOffset(time_ms) != 0;
    355   std::string* name = is_dst ? &dst_timezone_name_ : &timezone_name_;
    356   if (name->empty()) {
    357     icu::UnicodeString result;
    358     GetTimeZone()->getDisplayName(is_dst, icu::TimeZone::LONG, result);
    359     result += '\0';
    360 
    361     icu::StringByteSink<std::string> byte_sink(name);
    362     result.toUTF8(byte_sink);
    363   }
    364   DCHECK(!name->empty());
    365   return name->c_str();
    366 }
    367 
    368 icu::TimeZone* ICUTimezoneCache::GetTimeZone() {
    369   if (timezone_ == nullptr) {
    370     timezone_ = icu::TimeZone::createDefault();
    371   }
    372   return timezone_;
    373 }
    374 
    375 bool ICUTimezoneCache::GetOffsets(double time_ms, bool is_utc,
    376                                   int32_t* raw_offset, int32_t* dst_offset) {
    377   UErrorCode status = U_ZERO_ERROR;
    378   // TODO(jshin): ICU TimeZone class handles skipped time differently from
    379   // Ecma 262 (https://github.com/tc39/ecma262/pull/778) and icu::TimeZone
    380   // class does not expose the necessary API. Fixing
    381   // http://bugs.icu-project.org/trac/ticket/13268 would make it easy to
    382   // implement the proposed spec change. A proposed fix for ICU is
    383   //    https://chromium-review.googlesource.com/851265 .
    384   // In the meantime, use an internal (still public) API of icu::BasicTimeZone.
    385   // Once it's accepted by the upstream, get rid of cast. Note that casting
    386   // TimeZone to BasicTimeZone is safe because we know that icu::TimeZone used
    387   // here is a BasicTimeZone.
    388   if (is_utc) {
    389     GetTimeZone()->getOffset(time_ms, false, *raw_offset, *dst_offset, status);
    390   } else {
    391     static_cast<const icu::BasicTimeZone*>(GetTimeZone())
    392         ->getOffsetFromLocal(time_ms, icu::BasicTimeZone::kFormer,
    393                              icu::BasicTimeZone::kFormer, *raw_offset,
    394                              *dst_offset, status);
    395   }
    396 
    397   return U_SUCCESS(status);
    398 }
    399 
    400 double ICUTimezoneCache::DaylightSavingsOffset(double time_ms) {
    401   int32_t raw_offset, dst_offset;
    402   if (!GetOffsets(time_ms, true, &raw_offset, &dst_offset)) return 0;
    403   return dst_offset;
    404 }
    405 
    406 double ICUTimezoneCache::LocalTimeOffset(double time_ms, bool is_utc) {
    407   int32_t raw_offset, dst_offset;
    408   if (!GetOffsets(time_ms, is_utc, &raw_offset, &dst_offset)) return 0;
    409   return raw_offset + dst_offset;
    410 }
    411 
    412 void ICUTimezoneCache::Clear() {
    413   delete timezone_;
    414   timezone_ = nullptr;
    415   timezone_name_.clear();
    416   dst_timezone_name_.clear();
    417 }
    418 
    419 }  // namespace internal
    420 }  // namespace v8
    421