1 # <pre> 2 # @(#)antarctica 8.8 3 # This file is in the public domain, so clarified as of 4 # 2009-05-17 by Arthur David Olson. 5 6 # From Paul Eggert (1999-11-15): 7 # To keep things manageable, we list only locations occupied year-round; see 8 # <a href="http://www.comnap.aq/comnap/comnap.nsf/P/Stations/"> 9 # COMNAP - Stations and Bases 10 # </a> 11 # and 12 # <a href="http://www.spri.cam.ac.uk/bob/periant.htm"> 13 # Summary of the Peri-Antarctic Islands (1998-07-23) 14 # </a> 15 # for information. 16 # Unless otherwise specified, we have no time zone information. 17 # 18 # Except for the French entries, 19 # I made up all time zone abbreviations mentioned here; corrections welcome! 20 # FORMAT is `zzz' and GMTOFF is 0 for locations while uninhabited. 21 22 # These rules are stolen from the `europe' file. 23 # Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 24 Rule RussAQ 1981 1984 - Apr 1 0:00 1:00 S 25 Rule RussAQ 1981 1983 - Oct 1 0:00 0 - 26 Rule RussAQ 1984 1991 - Sep lastSun 2:00s 0 - 27 Rule RussAQ 1985 1991 - Mar lastSun 2:00s 1:00 S 28 Rule RussAQ 1992 only - Mar lastSat 23:00 1:00 S 29 Rule RussAQ 1992 only - Sep lastSat 23:00 0 - 30 Rule RussAQ 1993 max - Mar lastSun 2:00s 1:00 S 31 Rule RussAQ 1993 1995 - Sep lastSun 2:00s 0 - 32 Rule RussAQ 1996 max - Oct lastSun 2:00s 0 - 33 34 # These rules are stolen from the `southamerica' file. 35 # Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 36 Rule ArgAQ 1964 1966 - Mar 1 0:00 0 - 37 Rule ArgAQ 1964 1966 - Oct 15 0:00 1:00 S 38 Rule ArgAQ 1967 only - Apr 2 0:00 0 - 39 Rule ArgAQ 1967 1968 - Oct Sun>=1 0:00 1:00 S 40 Rule ArgAQ 1968 1969 - Apr Sun>=1 0:00 0 - 41 Rule ArgAQ 1974 only - Jan 23 0:00 1:00 S 42 Rule ArgAQ 1974 only - May 1 0:00 0 - 43 Rule ChileAQ 1972 1986 - Mar Sun>=9 3:00u 0 - 44 Rule ChileAQ 1974 1987 - Oct Sun>=9 4:00u 1:00 S 45 Rule ChileAQ 1987 only - Apr 12 3:00u 0 - 46 Rule ChileAQ 1988 1989 - Mar Sun>=9 3:00u 0 - 47 Rule ChileAQ 1988 only - Oct Sun>=1 4:00u 1:00 S 48 Rule ChileAQ 1989 only - Oct Sun>=9 4:00u 1:00 S 49 Rule ChileAQ 1990 only - Mar 18 3:00u 0 - 50 Rule ChileAQ 1990 only - Sep 16 4:00u 1:00 S 51 Rule ChileAQ 1991 1996 - Mar Sun>=9 3:00u 0 - 52 Rule ChileAQ 1991 1997 - Oct Sun>=9 4:00u 1:00 S 53 Rule ChileAQ 1997 only - Mar 30 3:00u 0 - 54 Rule ChileAQ 1998 only - Mar Sun>=9 3:00u 0 - 55 Rule ChileAQ 1998 only - Sep 27 4:00u 1:00 S 56 Rule ChileAQ 1999 only - Apr 4 3:00u 0 - 57 Rule ChileAQ 1999 max - Oct Sun>=9 4:00u 1:00 S 58 Rule ChileAQ 2000 max - Mar Sun>=9 3:00u 0 - 59 60 # These rules are stolen from the `australasia' file. 61 Rule AusAQ 1917 only - Jan 1 0:01 1:00 - 62 Rule AusAQ 1917 only - Mar 25 2:00 0 - 63 Rule AusAQ 1942 only - Jan 1 2:00 1:00 - 64 Rule AusAQ 1942 only - Mar 29 2:00 0 - 65 Rule AusAQ 1942 only - Sep 27 2:00 1:00 - 66 Rule AusAQ 1943 1944 - Mar lastSun 2:00 0 - 67 Rule AusAQ 1943 only - Oct 3 2:00 1:00 - 68 Rule ATAQ 1967 only - Oct Sun>=1 2:00s 1:00 - 69 Rule ATAQ 1968 only - Mar lastSun 2:00s 0 - 70 Rule ATAQ 1968 1985 - Oct lastSun 2:00s 1:00 - 71 Rule ATAQ 1969 1971 - Mar Sun>=8 2:00s 0 - 72 Rule ATAQ 1972 only - Feb lastSun 2:00s 0 - 73 Rule ATAQ 1973 1981 - Mar Sun>=1 2:00s 0 - 74 Rule ATAQ 1982 1983 - Mar lastSun 2:00s 0 - 75 Rule ATAQ 1984 1986 - Mar Sun>=1 2:00s 0 - 76 Rule ATAQ 1986 only - Oct Sun>=15 2:00s 1:00 - 77 Rule ATAQ 1987 1990 - Mar Sun>=15 2:00s 0 - 78 Rule ATAQ 1987 only - Oct Sun>=22 2:00s 1:00 - 79 Rule ATAQ 1988 1990 - Oct lastSun 2:00s 1:00 - 80 Rule ATAQ 1991 1999 - Oct Sun>=1 2:00s 1:00 - 81 Rule ATAQ 1991 2005 - Mar lastSun 2:00s 0 - 82 Rule ATAQ 2000 only - Aug lastSun 2:00s 1:00 - 83 Rule ATAQ 2001 max - Oct Sun>=1 2:00s 1:00 - 84 Rule ATAQ 2006 only - Apr Sun>=1 2:00s 0 - 85 Rule ATAQ 2007 only - Mar lastSun 2:00s 0 - 86 Rule ATAQ 2008 max - Apr Sun>=1 2:00s 0 - 87 88 # Argentina - year-round bases 89 # Belgrano II, Confin Coast, -770227-0343737, since 1972-02-05 90 # Esperanza, San Martin Land, -6323-05659, since 1952-12-17 91 # Jubany, Potter Peninsula, King George Island, -6414-0602320, since 1982-01 92 # Marambio, Seymour I, -6414-05637, since 1969-10-29 93 # Orcadas, Laurie I, -6016-04444, since 1904-02-22 94 # San Martin, Debenham I, -6807-06708, since 1951-03-21 95 # (except 1960-03 / 1976-03-21) 96 97 # Australia - territories 98 # Heard Island, McDonald Islands (uninhabited) 99 # previously sealers and scientific personnel wintered 100 # <a href="http://web.archive.org/web/20021204222245/http://www.dstc.qut.edu.au/DST/marg/daylight.html"> 101 # Margaret Turner reports 102 # </a> (1999-09-30) that they're UTC+5, with no DST; 103 # presumably this is when they have visitors. 104 # 105 # year-round bases 106 # Casey, Bailey Peninsula, -6617+11032, since 1969 107 # Davis, Vestfold Hills, -6835+07759, since 1957-01-13 108 # (except 1964-11 - 1969-02) 109 # Mawson, Holme Bay, -6736+06253, since 1954-02-13 110 111 # From Steffen Thorsen (2009-03-11): 112 # Three Australian stations in Antarctica have changed their time zone: 113 # Casey moved from UTC+8 to UTC+11 114 # Davis moved from UTC+7 to UTC+5 115 # Mawson moved from UTC+6 to UTC+5 116 # The changes occurred on 2009-10-18 at 02:00 (local times). 117 # 118 # Government source: (Australian Antarctic Division) 119 # <a href="http://www.aad.gov.au/default.asp?casid=37079"> 120 # http://www.aad.gov.au/default.asp?casid=37079 121 # </a> 122 # 123 # We have more background information here: 124 # <a href="http://www.timeanddate.com/news/time/antarctica-new-times.html"> 125 # http://www.timeanddate.com/news/time/antarctica-new-times.html 126 # </a> 127 128 # From Steffen Thorsen (2010-03-10): 129 # We got these changes from the Australian Antarctic Division: 130 # - Macquarie Island will stay on UTC+11 for winter and therefore not 131 # switch back from daylight savings time when other parts of Australia do 132 # on 4 April. 133 # 134 # - Casey station reverted to its normal time of UTC+8 on 5 March 2010. 135 # The change to UTC+11 is being considered as a regular summer thing but 136 # has not been decided yet. 137 # 138 # - Davis station will revert to its normal time of UTC+7 at 10 March 2010 139 # 20:00 UTC. 140 # 141 # - Mawson station stays on UTC+5. 142 # 143 # In addition to the Rule changes for Casey/Davis, it means that Macquarie 144 # will no longer be like Hobart and will have to have its own Zone created. 145 # 146 # Background: 147 # <a href="http://www.timeanddate.com/news/time/antartica-time-changes-2010.html"> 148 # http://www.timeanddate.com/news/time/antartica-time-changes-2010.html 149 # </a> 150 151 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 152 Zone Antarctica/Casey 0 - zzz 1969 153 8:00 - WST 2009 Oct 18 2:00 154 # Western (Aus) Standard Time 155 11:00 - CAST 2010 Mar 5 2:00 156 # Casey Time 157 8:00 - WST 158 Zone Antarctica/Davis 0 - zzz 1957 Jan 13 159 7:00 - DAVT 1964 Nov # Davis Time 160 0 - zzz 1969 Feb 161 7:00 - DAVT 2009 Oct 18 2:00 162 5:00 - DAVT 2010 Mar 10 20:00u 163 7:00 - DAVT 164 Zone Antarctica/Mawson 0 - zzz 1954 Feb 13 165 6:00 - MAWT 2009 Oct 18 2:00 166 # Mawson Time 167 5:00 - MAWT 168 Zone Antarctica/Macquarie 0 - zzz 1911 169 10:00 - EST 1916 Oct 1 2:00 170 10:00 1:00 EST 1917 Feb 171 10:00 AusAQ EST 1967 172 10:00 ATAQ EST 2010 Apr 4 3:00 173 11:00 - MIST # Macquarie Island Time 174 # References: 175 # <a href="http://www.antdiv.gov.au/aad/exop/sfo/casey/casey_aws.html"> 176 # Casey Weather (1998-02-26) 177 # </a> 178 # <a href="http://www.antdiv.gov.au/aad/exop/sfo/davis/video.html"> 179 # Davis Station, Antarctica (1998-02-26) 180 # </a> 181 # <a href="http://www.antdiv.gov.au/aad/exop/sfo/mawson/video.html"> 182 # Mawson Station, Antarctica (1998-02-25) 183 # </a> 184 185 # Brazil - year-round base 186 # Comandante Ferraz, King George Island, -6205+05824, since 1983/4 187 188 # Chile - year-round bases and towns 189 # Escudero, South Shetland Is, -621157-0585735, since 1994 190 # Presidente Eduadro Frei, King George Island, -6214-05848, since 1969-03-07 191 # General Bernardo O'Higgins, Antarctic Peninsula, -6319-05704, since 1948-02 192 # Capitan Arturo Prat, -6230-05941 193 # Villa Las Estrellas (a town), around the Frei base, since 1984-04-09 194 # These locations have always used Santiago time; use TZ='America/Santiago'. 195 196 # China - year-round bases 197 # Great Wall, King George Island, -6213-05858, since 1985-02-20 198 # Zhongshan, Larsemann Hills, Prydz Bay, -6922+07623, since 1989-02-26 199 200 # France - year-round bases 201 # 202 # From Antoine Leca (1997-01-20): 203 # Time data are from Nicole Pailleau at the IFRTP 204 # (French Institute for Polar Research and Technology). 205 # She confirms that French Southern Territories and Terre Adelie bases 206 # don't observe daylight saving time, even if Terre Adelie supplies came 207 # from Tasmania. 208 # 209 # French Southern Territories with year-round inhabitants 210 # 211 # Martin-de-Vivies Base, Amsterdam Island, -374105+0773155, since 1950 212 # Alfred-Faure Base, Crozet Islands, -462551+0515152, since 1964 213 # Port-aux-Francais, Kerguelen Islands, -492110+0701303, since 1951; 214 # whaling & sealing station operated 1908/1914, 1920/1929, and 1951/1956 215 # 216 # St Paul Island - near Amsterdam, uninhabited 217 # fishing stations operated variously 1819/1931 218 # 219 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 220 Zone Indian/Kerguelen 0 - zzz 1950 # Port-aux-Francais 221 5:00 - TFT # ISO code TF Time 222 # 223 # year-round base in the main continent 224 # Dumont-d'Urville, Ile des Petrels, -6640+14001, since 1956-11 225 # 226 # Another base at Port-Martin, 50km east, began operation in 1947. 227 # It was destroyed by fire on 1952-01-14. 228 # 229 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 230 Zone Antarctica/DumontDUrville 0 - zzz 1947 231 10:00 - PMT 1952 Jan 14 # Port-Martin Time 232 0 - zzz 1956 Nov 233 10:00 - DDUT # Dumont-d'Urville Time 234 # Reference: 235 # <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dumont_d'Urville_Station"> 236 # Dumont d'Urville Station (2005-12-05) 237 # </a> 238 239 # Germany - year-round base 240 # Georg von Neumayer, -7039-00815 241 242 # India - year-round base 243 # Dakshin Gangotri, -7005+01200 244 245 # Japan - year-round bases 246 # Dome Fuji, -7719+03942 247 # Syowa, -690022+0393524 248 # 249 # From Hideyuki Suzuki (1999-02-06): 250 # In all Japanese stations, +0300 is used as the standard time. 251 # 252 # Syowa station, which is the first antarctic station of Japan, 253 # was established on 1957-01-29. Since Syowa station is still the main 254 # station of Japan, it's appropriate for the principal location. 255 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 256 Zone Antarctica/Syowa 0 - zzz 1957 Jan 29 257 3:00 - SYOT # Syowa Time 258 # See: 259 # <a href="http://www.nipr.ac.jp/english/ara01.html"> 260 # NIPR Antarctic Research Activities (1999-08-17) 261 # </a> 262 263 # S Korea - year-round base 264 # King Sejong, King George Island, -6213-05847, since 1988 265 266 # New Zealand - claims 267 # Balleny Islands (never inhabited) 268 # Scott Island (never inhabited) 269 # 270 # year-round base 271 # Scott, Ross Island, since 1957-01, is like Antarctica/McMurdo. 272 # 273 # These rules for New Zealand are stolen from the `australasia' file. 274 # Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 275 Rule NZAQ 1974 only - Nov 3 2:00s 1:00 D 276 Rule NZAQ 1975 1988 - Oct lastSun 2:00s 1:00 D 277 Rule NZAQ 1989 only - Oct 8 2:00s 1:00 D 278 Rule NZAQ 1990 2006 - Oct Sun>=1 2:00s 1:00 D 279 Rule NZAQ 1975 only - Feb 23 2:00s 0 S 280 Rule NZAQ 1976 1989 - Mar Sun>=1 2:00s 0 S 281 Rule NZAQ 1990 2007 - Mar Sun>=15 2:00s 0 S 282 Rule NZAQ 2007 max - Sep lastSun 2:00s 1:00 D 283 Rule NZAQ 2008 max - Apr Sun>=1 2:00s 0 S 284 285 # Norway - territories 286 # Bouvet (never inhabited) 287 # 288 # claims 289 # Peter I Island (never inhabited) 290 291 # Poland - year-round base 292 # Arctowski, King George Island, -620945-0582745, since 1977 293 294 # Russia - year-round bases 295 # Bellingshausen, King George Island, -621159-0585337, since 1968-02-22 296 # Mirny, Davis coast, -6633+09301, since 1956-02 297 # Molodezhnaya, Alasheyev Bay, -6740+04551, 298 # year-round from 1962-02 to 1999-07-01 299 # Novolazarevskaya, Queen Maud Land, -7046+01150, 300 # year-round from 1960/61 to 1992 301 302 # Vostok, since 1957-12-16, temporarily closed 1994-02/1994-11 303 # <a href="http://quest.arc.nasa.gov/antarctica/QA/computers/Directions,Time,ZIP"> 304 # From Craig Mundell (1994-12-15)</a>: 305 # Vostok, which is one of the Russian stations, is set on the same 306 # time as Moscow, Russia. 307 # 308 # From Lee Hotz (2001-03-08): 309 # I queried the folks at Columbia who spent the summer at Vostok and this is 310 # what they had to say about time there: 311 # ``in the US Camp (East Camp) we have been on New Zealand (McMurdo) 312 # time, which is 12 hours ahead of GMT. The Russian Station Vostok was 313 # 6 hours behind that (although only 2 miles away, i.e. 6 hours ahead 314 # of GMT). This is a time zone I think two hours east of Moscow. The 315 # natural time zone is in between the two: 8 hours ahead of GMT.'' 316 # 317 # From Paul Eggert (2001-05-04): 318 # This seems to be hopelessly confusing, so I asked Lee Hotz about it 319 # in person. He said that some Antartic locations set their local 320 # time so that noon is the warmest part of the day, and that this 321 # changes during the year and does not necessarily correspond to mean 322 # solar noon. So the Vostok time might have been whatever the clocks 323 # happened to be during their visit. So we still don't really know what time 324 # it is at Vostok. But we'll guess UTC+6. 325 # 326 Zone Antarctica/Vostok 0 - zzz 1957 Dec 16 327 6:00 - VOST # Vostok time 328 329 # S Africa - year-round bases 330 # Marion Island, -4653+03752 331 # Sanae, -7141-00250 332 333 # UK 334 # 335 # British Antarctic Territories (BAT) claims 336 # South Orkney Islands 337 # scientific station from 1903 338 # whaling station at Signy I 1920/1926 339 # South Shetland Islands 340 # 341 # year-round bases 342 # Bird Island, South Georgia, -5400-03803, since 1983 343 # Deception Island, -6259-06034, whaling station 1912/1931, 344 # scientific station 1943/1967, 345 # previously sealers and a scientific expedition wintered by accident, 346 # and a garrison was deployed briefly 347 # Halley, Coates Land, -7535-02604, since 1956-01-06 348 # Halley is on a moving ice shelf and is periodically relocated 349 # so that it is never more than 10km from its nominal location. 350 # Rothera, Adelaide Island, -6734-6808, since 1976-12-01 351 # 352 # From Paul Eggert (2002-10-22) 353 # <http://webexhibits.org/daylightsaving/g.html> says Rothera is -03 all year. 354 # 355 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 356 Zone Antarctica/Rothera 0 - zzz 1976 Dec 1 357 -3:00 - ROTT # Rothera time 358 359 # Uruguay - year round base 360 # Artigas, King George Island, -621104-0585107 361 362 # USA - year-round bases 363 # 364 # Palmer, Anvers Island, since 1965 (moved 2 miles in 1968) 365 # 366 # From Ethan Dicks (1996-10-06): 367 # It keeps the same time as Punta Arenas, Chile, because, just like us 368 # and the South Pole, that's the other end of their supply line.... 369 # I verified with someone who was there that since 1980, 370 # Palmer has followed Chile. Prior to that, before the Falklands War, 371 # Palmer used to be supplied from Argentina. 372 # 373 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 374 Zone Antarctica/Palmer 0 - zzz 1965 375 -4:00 ArgAQ AR%sT 1969 Oct 5 376 -3:00 ArgAQ AR%sT 1982 May 377 -4:00 ChileAQ CL%sT 378 # 379 # 380 # McMurdo, Ross Island, since 1955-12 381 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 382 Zone Antarctica/McMurdo 0 - zzz 1956 383 12:00 NZAQ NZ%sT 384 # 385 # Amundsen-Scott, South Pole, continuously occupied since 1956-11-20 386 # 387 # From Paul Eggert (1996-09-03): 388 # Normally it wouldn't have a separate entry, since it's like the 389 # larger Antarctica/McMurdo since 1970, but it's too famous to omit. 390 # 391 # From Chris Carrier (1996-06-27): 392 # Siple, the first commander of the South Pole station, 393 # stated that he would have liked to have kept GMT at the station, 394 # but that he found it more convenient to keep GMT+12 395 # as supplies for the station were coming from McMurdo Sound, 396 # which was on GMT+12 because New Zealand was on GMT+12 all year 397 # at that time (1957). (Source: Siple's book 90 degrees SOUTH.) 398 # 399 # From Susan Smith 400 # http://www.cybertours.com/whs/pole10.html 401 # (1995-11-13 16:24:56 +1300, no longer available): 402 # We use the same time as McMurdo does. 403 # And they use the same time as Christchurch, NZ does.... 404 # One last quirk about South Pole time. 405 # All the electric clocks are usually wrong. 406 # Something about the generators running at 60.1hertz or something 407 # makes all of the clocks run fast. So every couple of days, 408 # we have to go around and set them back 5 minutes or so. 409 # Maybe if we let them run fast all of the time, we'd get to leave here sooner!! 410 # 411 Link Antarctica/McMurdo Antarctica/South_Pole 412
