1 # @(#)asia 8.60 2 # This file is in the public domain, so clarified as of 3 # 2009-05-17 by Arthur David Olson. 4 5 # This data is by no means authoritative; if you think you know better, 6 # go ahead and edit the file (and please send any changes to 7 # tz (a] elsie.nci.nih.gov for general use in the future). 8 9 # From Paul Eggert (2006-03-22): 10 # 11 # A good source for time zone historical data outside the U.S. is 12 # Thomas G. Shanks and Rique Pottenger, The International Atlas (6th edition), 13 # San Diego: ACS Publications, Inc. (2003). 14 # 15 # Gwillim Law writes that a good source 16 # for recent time zone data is the International Air Transport 17 # Association's Standard Schedules Information Manual (IATA SSIM), 18 # published semiannually. Law sent in several helpful summaries 19 # of the IATA's data after 1990. 20 # 21 # Except where otherwise noted, Shanks & Pottenger is the source for 22 # entries through 1990, and IATA SSIM is the source for entries afterwards. 23 # 24 # Another source occasionally used is Edward W. Whitman, World Time Differences, 25 # Whitman Publishing Co, 2 Niagara Av, Ealing, London (undated), which 26 # I found in the UCLA library. 27 # 28 # A reliable and entertaining source about time zones is 29 # Derek Howse, Greenwich time and longitude, Philip Wilson Publishers (1997). 30 # 31 # I invented the abbreviations marked `*' in the following table; 32 # the rest are from earlier versions of this file, or from other sources. 33 # Corrections are welcome! 34 # std dst 35 # LMT Local Mean Time 36 # 2:00 EET EEST Eastern European Time 37 # 2:00 IST IDT Israel 38 # 3:00 AST ADT Arabia* 39 # 3:30 IRST IRDT Iran 40 # 4:00 GST Gulf* 41 # 5:30 IST India 42 # 7:00 ICT Indochina* 43 # 7:00 WIT west Indonesia 44 # 8:00 CIT central Indonesia 45 # 8:00 CST China 46 # 9:00 CJT Central Japanese Time (1896/1937)* 47 # 9:00 EIT east Indonesia 48 # 9:00 JST JDT Japan 49 # 9:00 KST KDT Korea 50 # 9:30 CST (Australian) Central Standard Time 51 # 52 # See the `europe' file for Russia and Turkey in Asia. 53 54 # From Guy Harris: 55 # Incorporates data for Singapore from Robert Elz' asia 1.1, as well as 56 # additional information from Tom Yap, Sun Microsystems Intercontinental 57 # Technical Support (including a page from the Official Airline Guide - 58 # Worldwide Edition). The names for time zones are guesses. 59 60 ############################################################################### 61 62 # These rules are stolen from the `europe' file. 63 # Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 64 Rule EUAsia 1981 max - Mar lastSun 1:00u 1:00 S 65 Rule EUAsia 1979 1995 - Sep lastSun 1:00u 0 - 66 Rule EUAsia 1996 max - Oct lastSun 1:00u 0 - 67 Rule E-EurAsia 1981 max - Mar lastSun 0:00 1:00 S 68 Rule E-EurAsia 1979 1995 - Sep lastSun 0:00 0 - 69 Rule E-EurAsia 1996 max - Oct lastSun 0:00 0 - 70 Rule RussiaAsia 1981 1984 - Apr 1 0:00 1:00 S 71 Rule RussiaAsia 1981 1983 - Oct 1 0:00 0 - 72 Rule RussiaAsia 1984 1991 - Sep lastSun 2:00s 0 - 73 Rule RussiaAsia 1985 1991 - Mar lastSun 2:00s 1:00 S 74 Rule RussiaAsia 1992 only - Mar lastSat 23:00 1:00 S 75 Rule RussiaAsia 1992 only - Sep lastSat 23:00 0 - 76 Rule RussiaAsia 1993 max - Mar lastSun 2:00s 1:00 S 77 Rule RussiaAsia 1993 1995 - Sep lastSun 2:00s 0 - 78 Rule RussiaAsia 1996 max - Oct lastSun 2:00s 0 - 79 80 # Afghanistan 81 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 82 Zone Asia/Kabul 4:36:48 - LMT 1890 83 4:00 - AFT 1945 84 4:30 - AFT 85 86 # Armenia 87 # From Paul Eggert (2006-03-22): 88 # Shanks & Pottenger have Yerevan switching to 3:00 (with Russian DST) 89 # in spring 1991, then to 4:00 with no DST in fall 1995, then 90 # readopting Russian DST in 1997. Go with Shanks & Pottenger, even 91 # when they disagree with others. Edgar Der-Danieliantz 92 # reported (1996-05-04) that Yerevan probably wouldn't use DST 93 # in 1996, though it did use DST in 1995. IATA SSIM (1991/1998) reports that 94 # Armenia switched from 3:00 to 4:00 in 1998 and observed DST after 1991, 95 # but started switching at 3:00s in 1998. 96 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 97 Zone Asia/Yerevan 2:58:00 - LMT 1924 May 2 98 3:00 - YERT 1957 Mar # Yerevan Time 99 4:00 RussiaAsia YER%sT 1991 Mar 31 2:00s 100 3:00 1:00 YERST 1991 Sep 23 # independence 101 3:00 RussiaAsia AM%sT 1995 Sep 24 2:00s 102 4:00 - AMT 1997 103 4:00 RussiaAsia AM%sT 104 105 # Azerbaijan 106 # From Rustam Aliyev of the Azerbaijan Internet Forum (2005-10-23): 107 # According to the resolution of Cabinet of Ministers, 1997 108 # Resolution available at: http://aif.az/docs/daylight_res.pdf 109 # Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 110 Rule Azer 1997 max - Mar lastSun 4:00 1:00 S 111 Rule Azer 1997 max - Oct lastSun 5:00 0 - 112 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 113 Zone Asia/Baku 3:19:24 - LMT 1924 May 2 114 3:00 - BAKT 1957 Mar # Baku Time 115 4:00 RussiaAsia BAK%sT 1991 Mar 31 2:00s 116 3:00 1:00 BAKST 1991 Aug 30 # independence 117 3:00 RussiaAsia AZ%sT 1992 Sep lastSat 23:00 118 4:00 - AZT 1996 # Azerbaijan time 119 4:00 EUAsia AZ%sT 1997 120 4:00 Azer AZ%sT 121 122 # Bahrain 123 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 124 Zone Asia/Bahrain 3:22:20 - LMT 1920 # Al Manamah 125 4:00 - GST 1972 Jun 126 3:00 - AST 127 128 # Bangladesh 129 # From Alexander Krivenyshev (2009-05-13): 130 # According to newspaper Asian Tribune (May 6, 2009) Bangladesh may introduce 131 # Daylight Saving Time from June 16 to Sept 30 132 # 133 # Bangladesh to introduce daylight saving time likely from June 16 134 # <a href="http://www.asiantribune.com/?q=node/17288"> 135 # http://www.asiantribune.com/?q=node/17288 136 # </a> 137 # or 138 # <a href="http://www.worldtimezone.com/dst_news/dst_news_bangladesh02.html"> 139 # http://www.worldtimezone.com/dst_news/dst_news_bangladesh02.html 140 # </a> 141 # 142 # "... Bangladesh government has decided to switch daylight saving time from 143 # June 144 # 16 till September 30 in a bid to ensure maximum use of daylight to cope with 145 # crippling power crisis. " 146 # 147 # The switch will remain in effect from June 16 to Sept 30 (2009) but if 148 # implemented the next year, it will come in force from April 1, 2010 149 150 # From Steffen Thorsen (2009-06-02): 151 # They have finally decided now, but changed the start date to midnight between 152 # the 19th and 20th, and they have not set the end date yet. 153 # 154 # Some sources: 155 # <a href="http://in.reuters.com/article/southAsiaNews/idINIndia-40017620090601"> 156 # http://in.reuters.com/article/southAsiaNews/idINIndia-40017620090601 157 # </a> 158 # <a href="http://bdnews24.com/details.php?id=85889&cid=2"> 159 # http://bdnews24.com/details.php?id=85889&cid=2 160 # </a> 161 # 162 # Our wrap-up: 163 # <a href="http://www.timeanddate.com/news/time/bangladesh-daylight-saving-2009.html"> 164 # http://www.timeanddate.com/news/time/bangladesh-daylight-saving-2009.html 165 # </a> 166 167 # From A. N. M. Kamrus Saadat (2009-06-15): 168 # Finally we've got the official mail regarding DST start time where DST start 169 # time is mentioned as Jun 19 2009, 23:00 from BTRC (Bangladesh 170 # Telecommunication Regulatory Commission). 171 # 172 # No DST end date has been announced yet. 173 174 # From Alexander Krivenyshev (2009-09-25): 175 # Bangladesh won't go back to Standard Time from October 1, 2009, 176 # instead it will continue DST measure till the cabinet makes a fresh decision. 177 # 178 # Following report by same newspaper-"The Daily Star Friday": 179 # "DST change awaits cabinet decision-Clock won't go back by 1-hr from Oct 1" 180 # <a href="http://www.thedailystar.net/newDesign/news-details.php?nid=107021"> 181 # http://www.thedailystar.net/newDesign/news-details.php?nid=107021 182 # </a> 183 # or 184 # <a href="http://www.worldtimezone.com/dst_news/dst_news_bangladesh04.html"> 185 # http://www.worldtimezone.com/dst_news/dst_news_bangladesh04.html 186 # </a> 187 188 # From Steffen Thorsen (2009-10-13): 189 # IANS (Indo-Asian News Service) now reports: 190 # Bangladesh has decided that the clock advanced by an hour to make 191 # maximum use of daylight hours as an energy saving measure would 192 # "continue for an indefinite period." 193 # 194 # One of many places where it is published: 195 # <a href="http://www.thaindian.com/newsportal/business/bangladesh-to-continue-indefinitely-with-advanced-time_100259987.html"> 196 # http://www.thaindian.com/newsportal/business/bangladesh-to-continue-indefinitely-with-advanced-time_100259987.html 197 # </a> 198 199 # From Alexander Krivenyshev (2009-12-24): 200 # According to Bangladesh newspaper "The Daily Star," 201 # Bangladesh will change its clock back to Standard Time on Dec 31, 2009. 202 # 203 # Clock goes back 1-hr on Dec 31 night. 204 # <a href="http://www.thedailystar.net/newDesign/news-details.php?nid=119228"> 205 # http://www.thedailystar.net/newDesign/news-details.php?nid=119228 206 # </a> 207 # and 208 # <a href="http://www.worldtimezone.com/dst_news/dst_news_bangladesh05.html"> 209 # http://www.worldtimezone.com/dst_news/dst_news_bangladesh05.html 210 # </a> 211 # 212 # "...The government yesterday decided to put the clock back by one hour 213 # on December 31 midnight and the new time will continue until March 31, 214 # 2010 midnight. The decision came at a cabinet meeting at the Prime 215 # Minister's Office last night..." 216 217 # From Alexander Krivenyshev (2010-03-22): 218 # According to Bangladesh newspaper "The Daily Star," 219 # Cabinet cancels Daylight Saving Time 220 # <a href="http://www.thedailystar.net/newDesign/latest_news.php?nid=22817"> 221 # http://www.thedailystar.net/newDesign/latest_news.php?nid=22817 222 # </a> 223 # or 224 # <a href="http://www.worldtimezone.com/dst_news/dst_news_bangladesh06.html"> 225 # http://www.worldtimezone.com/dst_news/dst_news_bangladesh06.html 226 # </a> 227 228 # Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 229 Rule Dhaka 2009 only - Jun 19 23:00 1:00 S 230 Rule Dhaka 2009 only - Dec 31 23:59 0 - 231 232 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 233 Zone Asia/Dhaka 6:01:40 - LMT 1890 234 5:53:20 - HMT 1941 Oct # Howrah Mean Time? 235 6:30 - BURT 1942 May 15 # Burma Time 236 5:30 - IST 1942 Sep 237 6:30 - BURT 1951 Sep 30 238 6:00 - DACT 1971 Mar 26 # Dacca Time 239 6:00 - BDT 2009 240 6:00 Dhaka BD%sT 241 242 # Bhutan 243 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 244 Zone Asia/Thimphu 5:58:36 - LMT 1947 Aug 15 # or Thimbu 245 5:30 - IST 1987 Oct 246 6:00 - BTT # Bhutan Time 247 248 # British Indian Ocean Territory 249 # Whitman and the 1995 CIA time zone map say 5:00, but the 250 # 1997 and later maps say 6:00. Assume the switch occurred in 1996. 251 # We have no information as to when standard time was introduced; 252 # assume it occurred in 1907, the same year as Mauritius (which 253 # then contained the Chagos Archipelago). 254 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 255 Zone Indian/Chagos 4:49:40 - LMT 1907 256 5:00 - IOT 1996 # BIOT Time 257 6:00 - IOT 258 259 # Brunei 260 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 261 Zone Asia/Brunei 7:39:40 - LMT 1926 Mar # Bandar Seri Begawan 262 7:30 - BNT 1933 263 8:00 - BNT 264 265 # Burma / Myanmar 266 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 267 Zone Asia/Rangoon 6:24:40 - LMT 1880 # or Yangon 268 6:24:36 - RMT 1920 # Rangoon Mean Time? 269 6:30 - BURT 1942 May # Burma Time 270 9:00 - JST 1945 May 3 271 6:30 - MMT # Myanmar Time 272 273 # Cambodia 274 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 275 Zone Asia/Phnom_Penh 6:59:40 - LMT 1906 Jun 9 276 7:06:20 - SMT 1911 Mar 11 0:01 # Saigon MT? 277 7:00 - ICT 1912 May 278 8:00 - ICT 1931 May 279 7:00 - ICT 280 281 # China 282 283 # From Guy Harris: 284 # People's Republic of China. Yes, they really have only one time zone. 285 286 # From Bob Devine (1988-01-28): 287 # No they don't. See TIME mag, 1986-02-17 p.52. Even though 288 # China is across 4 physical time zones, before Feb 1, 1986 only the 289 # Peking (Bejing) time zone was recognized. Since that date, China 290 # has two of 'em -- Peking's and Urumqi (named after the capital of 291 # the Xinjiang Uyghur Autonomous Region). I don't know about DST for it. 292 # 293 # . . .I just deleted the DST table and this editor makes it too 294 # painful to suck in another copy.. So, here is what I have for 295 # DST start/end dates for Peking's time zone (info from AP): 296 # 297 # 1986 May 4 - Sept 14 298 # 1987 mid-April - ?? 299 300 # From U. S. Naval Observatory (1989-01-19): 301 # CHINA 8 H AHEAD OF UTC ALL OF CHINA, INCL TAIWAN 302 # CHINA 9 H AHEAD OF UTC APR 17 - SEP 10 303 304 # From Paul Eggert (2006-03-22): 305 # Shanks & Pottenger write that China (except for Hong Kong and Macau) 306 # has had a single time zone since 1980 May 1, observing summer DST 307 # from 1986 through 1991; this contradicts Devine's 308 # note about Time magazine, though apparently _something_ happened in 1986. 309 # Go with Shanks & Pottenger for now. I made up names for the other 310 # pre-1980 time zones. 311 312 # From Shanks & Pottenger: 313 # Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 314 Rule Shang 1940 only - Jun 3 0:00 1:00 D 315 Rule Shang 1940 1941 - Oct 1 0:00 0 S 316 Rule Shang 1941 only - Mar 16 0:00 1:00 D 317 Rule PRC 1986 only - May 4 0:00 1:00 D 318 Rule PRC 1986 1991 - Sep Sun>=11 0:00 0 S 319 Rule PRC 1987 1991 - Apr Sun>=10 0:00 1:00 D 320 321 # From Anthony Fok (2001-12-20): 322 # BTW, I did some research on-line and found some info regarding these five 323 # historic timezones from some Taiwan websites. And yes, there are official 324 # Chinese names for these locales (before 1949). 325 # 326 # From Jesper Norgaard Welen (2006-07-14): 327 # I have investigated the timezones around 1970 on the 328 # http://www.astro.com/atlas site [with provinces and county 329 # boundaries summarized below].... A few other exceptions were two 330 # counties on the Sichuan side of the Xizang-Sichuan border, 331 # counties Dege and Baiyu which lies on the Sichuan side and are 332 # therefore supposed to be GMT+7, Xizang region being GMT+6, but Dege 333 # county is GMT+8 according to astro.com while Baiyu county is GMT+6 334 # (could be true), for the moment I am assuming that those two 335 # counties are mistakes in the astro.com data. 336 337 # From Paul Eggert (2008-02-11): 338 # I just now checked Google News for western news sources that talk 339 # about China's single time zone, and couldn't find anything before 1986 340 # talking about China being in one time zone. (That article was: Jim 341 # Mann, "A clumsy embrace for another western custom: China on daylight 342 # time--sort of", Los Angeles Times, 1986-05-05. By the way, this 343 # article confirms the tz database's data claiming that China began 344 # observing daylight saving time in 1986. 345 # 346 # From Thomas S. Mullaney (2008-02-11): 347 # I think you're combining two subjects that need to treated 348 # separately: daylight savings (which, you're correct, wasn't 349 # implemented until the 1980s) and the unified time zone centered near 350 # Beijing (which was implemented in 1949). Briefly, there was also a 351 # "Lhasa Time" in Tibet and "Urumqi Time" in Xinjiang. The first was 352 # ceased, and the second eventually recognized (again, in the 1980s). 353 # 354 # From Paul Eggert (2008-06-30): 355 # There seems to be a good chance China switched to a single time zone in 1949 356 # rather than in 1980 as Shanks & Pottenger have it, but we don't have a 357 # reliable documentary source saying so yet, so for now we still go with 358 # Shanks & Pottenger. 359 360 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 361 # Changbai Time ("Long-white Time", Long-white = Heilongjiang area) 362 # Heilongjiang (except Mohe county), Jilin 363 Zone Asia/Harbin 8:26:44 - LMT 1928 # or Haerbin 364 8:30 - CHAT 1932 Mar # Changbai Time 365 8:00 - CST 1940 366 9:00 - CHAT 1966 May 367 8:30 - CHAT 1980 May 368 8:00 PRC C%sT 369 # Zhongyuan Time ("Central plain Time") 370 # most of China 371 Zone Asia/Shanghai 8:05:52 - LMT 1928 372 8:00 Shang C%sT 1949 373 8:00 PRC C%sT 374 # Long-shu Time (probably due to Long and Shu being two names of that area) 375 # Guangxi, Guizhou, Hainan, Ningxia, Sichuan, Shaanxi, and Yunnan; 376 # most of Gansu; west Inner Mongolia; west Qinghai; and the Guangdong 377 # counties Deqing, Enping, Kaiping, Luoding, Taishan, Xinxing, 378 # Yangchun, Yangjiang, Yu'nan, and Yunfu. 379 Zone Asia/Chongqing 7:06:20 - LMT 1928 # or Chungking 380 7:00 - LONT 1980 May # Long-shu Time 381 8:00 PRC C%sT 382 # Xin-zang Time ("Xinjiang-Tibet Time") 383 # The Gansu counties Aksay, Anxi, Dunhuang, Subei; west Qinghai; 384 # the Guangdong counties Xuwen, Haikang, Suixi, Lianjiang, 385 # Zhanjiang, Wuchuan, Huazhou, Gaozhou, Maoming, Dianbai, and Xinyi; 386 # east Tibet, including Lhasa, Chamdo, Shigaise, Jimsar, Shawan and Hutubi; 387 # east Xinjiang, including Urumqi, Turpan, Karamay, Korla, Minfeng, Jinghe, 388 # Wusu, Qiemo, Xinyan, Wulanwusu, Jinghe, Yumin, Tacheng, Tuoli, Emin, 389 # Shihezi, Changji, Yanqi, Heshuo, Tuokexun, Tulufan, Shanshan, Hami, 390 # Fukang, Kuitun, Kumukuli, Miquan, Qitai, and Turfan. 391 Zone Asia/Urumqi 5:50:20 - LMT 1928 # or Urumchi 392 6:00 - URUT 1980 May # Urumqi Time 393 8:00 PRC C%sT 394 # Kunlun Time 395 # West Tibet, including Pulan, Aheqi, Shufu, Shule; 396 # West Xinjiang, including Aksu, Atushi, Yining, Hetian, Cele, Luopu, Nileke, 397 # Zhaosu, Tekesi, Gongliu, Chabuchaer, Huocheng, Bole, Pishan, Suiding, 398 # and Yarkand. 399 400 # From Luther Ma (2009-10-17): 401 # Almost all (>99.9%) ethnic Chinese (properly ethnic Han) living in 402 # Xinjiang use Chinese Standard Time. Some are aware of Xinjiang time, 403 # but have no need of it. All planes, trains, and schools function on 404 # what is called "Beijing time." When Han make an appointment in Chinese 405 # they implicitly use Beijing time. 406 # 407 # On the other hand, ethnic Uyghurs, who make up about half the 408 # population of Xinjiang, typically use "Xinjiang time" which is two 409 # hours behind Beijing time, or UTC +0600. The government of the Xinjiang 410 # Uyghur Autonomous Region, (XAUR, or just Xinjiang for short) as well as 411 # local governments such as the Urumqi city government use both times in 412 # publications, referring to what is popularly called Xinjiang time as 413 # "Urumqi time." When Uyghurs make an appointment in the Uyghur language 414 # they almost invariably use Xinjiang time. 415 # 416 # (Their ethnic Han compatriots would typically have no clue of its 417 # widespread use, however, because so extremely few of them are fluent in 418 # Uyghur, comparable to the number of Anglo-Americans fluent in Navajo.) 419 # 420 # (...As with the rest of China there was a brief interval ending in 1990 421 # or 1991 when summer time was in use. The confusion was severe, with 422 # the province not having dual times but four times in use at the same 423 # time. Some areas remained on standard Xinjiang time or Beijing time and 424 # others moving their clocks ahead.) 425 # 426 # ...an example of an official website using of Urumqi time. 427 # 428 # The first few lines of the Google translation of 429 # <a href="http://www.fjysgl.gov.cn/show.aspx?id=2379&cid=39"> 430 # http://www.fjysgl.gov.cn/show.aspx?id=2379&cid=39 431 # </a> 432 # (retrieved 2009-10-13) 433 # > Urumqi fire seven people are missing the alleged losses of at least 434 # > 500 million yuan 435 # > 436 # > (Reporter Dong Liu) the day before 20:20 or so (Urumqi Time 18:20), 437 # > Urumqi City Department of International Plaza Luther Qiantang River 438 # > burst fire. As of yesterday, 18:30, Urumqi City Fire officers and men 439 # > have worked continuously for 22 hours... 440 441 # From Luther Ma (2009-11-19): 442 # With the risk of being redundant to previous answers these are the most common 443 # English "transliterations" (w/o using non-English symbols): 444 # 445 # 1. Wulumuqi... 446 # 2. Kashi... 447 # 3. Urumqi... 448 # 4. Kashgar... 449 # ... 450 # 5. It seems that Uyghurs in Urumqi has been using Xinjiang since at least the 451 # 1960's. I know of one Han, now over 50, who grew up in the surrounding 452 # countryside and used Xinjiang time as a child. 453 # 454 # 6. Likewise for Kashgar and the rest of south Xinjiang I don't know of any 455 # start date for Xinjiang time. 456 # 457 # Without having access to local historical records, nor the ability to legally 458 # publish them, I would go with October 1, 1949, when Xinjiang became the Uyghur 459 # Autonomous Region under the PRC. (Before that Uyghurs, of course, would also 460 # not be using Beijing time, but some local time.) 461 462 Zone Asia/Kashgar 5:03:56 - LMT 1928 # or Kashi or Kaxgar 463 5:30 - KAST 1940 # Kashgar Time 464 5:00 - KAST 1980 May 465 8:00 PRC C%sT 466 467 468 # From Lee Yiu Chung (2009-10-24): 469 # I found there are some mistakes for the...DST rule for Hong 470 # Kong. [According] to the DST record from Hong Kong Observatory (actually, 471 # it is not [an] observatory, but the official meteorological agency of HK, 472 # and also serves as the official timing agency), there are some missing 473 # and incorrect rules. Although the exact switch over time is missing, I 474 # think 3:30 is correct. The official DST record for Hong Kong can be 475 # obtained from 476 # <a href="http://www.hko.gov.hk/gts/time/Summertime.htm"> 477 # http://www.hko.gov.hk/gts/time/Summertime.htm 478 # </a>. 479 480 # From Arthur David Olson (2009-10-28): 481 # Here are the dates given at 482 # <a href="http://www.hko.gov.hk/gts/time/Summertime.htm"> 483 # http://www.hko.gov.hk/gts/time/Summertime.htm 484 # </a> 485 # as of 2009-10-28: 486 # Year Period 487 # 1941 1 Apr to 30 Sep 488 # 1942 Whole year 489 # 1943 Whole year 490 # 1944 Whole year 491 # 1945 Whole year 492 # 1946 20 Apr to 1 Dec 493 # 1947 13 Apr to 30 Dec 494 # 1948 2 May to 31 Oct 495 # 1949 3 Apr to 30 Oct 496 # 1950 2 Apr to 29 Oct 497 # 1951 1 Apr to 28 Oct 498 # 1952 6 Apr to 25 Oct 499 # 1953 5 Apr to 1 Nov 500 # 1954 21 Mar to 31 Oct 501 # 1955 20 Mar to 6 Nov 502 # 1956 18 Mar to 4 Nov 503 # 1957 24 Mar to 3 Nov 504 # 1958 23 Mar to 2 Nov 505 # 1959 22 Mar to 1 Nov 506 # 1960 20 Mar to 6 Nov 507 # 1961 19 Mar to 5 Nov 508 # 1962 18 Mar to 4 Nov 509 # 1963 24 Mar to 3 Nov 510 # 1964 22 Mar to 1 Nov 511 # 1965 18 Apr to 17 Oct 512 # 1966 17 Apr to 16 Oct 513 # 1967 16 Apr to 22 Oct 514 # 1968 21 Apr to 20 Oct 515 # 1969 20 Apr to 19 Oct 516 # 1970 19 Apr to 18 Oct 517 # 1971 18 Apr to 17 Oct 518 # 1972 16 Apr to 22 Oct 519 # 1973 22 Apr to 21 Oct 520 # 1973/74 30 Dec 73 to 20 Oct 74 521 # 1975 20 Apr to 19 Oct 522 # 1976 18 Apr to 17 Oct 523 # 1977 Nil 524 # 1978 Nil 525 # 1979 13 May to 21 Oct 526 # 1980 to Now Nil 527 # The page does not give start or end times of day. 528 # The page does not give a start date for 1942. 529 # The page does not givw an end date for 1945. 530 # The Japanese occupation of Hong Kong began on 1941-12-25. 531 # The Japanese surrender of Hong Kong was signed 1945-09-15. 532 # For lack of anything better, use start of those days as the transition times. 533 534 # Hong Kong (Xianggang) 535 # Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 536 Rule HK 1941 only - Apr 1 3:30 1:00 S 537 Rule HK 1941 only - Sep 30 3:30 0 - 538 Rule HK 1946 only - Apr 20 3:30 1:00 S 539 Rule HK 1946 only - Dec 1 3:30 0 - 540 Rule HK 1947 only - Apr 13 3:30 1:00 S 541 Rule HK 1947 only - Dec 30 3:30 0 - 542 Rule HK 1948 only - May 2 3:30 1:00 S 543 Rule HK 1948 1951 - Oct lastSun 3:30 0 - 544 Rule HK 1952 only - Oct 25 3:30 0 - 545 Rule HK 1949 1953 - Apr Sun>=1 3:30 1:00 S 546 Rule HK 1953 only - Nov 1 3:30 0 - 547 Rule HK 1954 1964 - Mar Sun>=18 3:30 1:00 S 548 Rule HK 1954 only - Oct 31 3:30 0 - 549 Rule HK 1955 1964 - Nov Sun>=1 3:30 0 - 550 Rule HK 1965 1977 - Apr Sun>=16 3:30 1:00 S 551 Rule HK 1965 1977 - Oct Sun>=16 3:30 0 - 552 Rule HK 1973 only - Dec 30 3:30 1:00 S 553 Rule HK 1979 only - May Sun>=8 3:30 1:00 S 554 Rule HK 1979 only - Oct Sun>=16 3:30 0 - 555 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 556 Zone Asia/Hong_Kong 7:36:36 - LMT 1904 Oct 30 557 8:00 HK HK%sT 1941 Dec 25 558 9:00 - JST 1945 Sep 15 559 8:00 HK HK%sT 560 561 ############################################################################### 562 563 # Taiwan 564 565 # Shanks & Pottenger write that Taiwan observed DST during 1945, when it 566 # was still controlled by Japan. This is hard to believe, but we don't 567 # have any other information. 568 569 # From smallufo (2010-04-03): 570 # According to Taiwan's CWB, 571 # <a href="http://www.cwb.gov.tw/V6/astronomy/cdata/summert.htm"> 572 # http://www.cwb.gov.tw/V6/astronomy/cdata/summert.htm 573 # </a> 574 # Taipei has DST in 1979 between July 1st and Sep 30. 575 576 # From Arthur David Olson (2010-04-07): 577 # Here's Google's translation of the table at the bottom of the "summert.htm" page: 578 # Decade Name Start and end date 579 # Republic of China 34 years to 40 years (AD 1945-1951 years) Summer Time May 1 to September 30 580 # 41 years of the Republic of China (AD 1952) Daylight Saving Time March 1 to October 31 581 # Republic of China 42 years to 43 years (AD 1953-1954 years) Daylight Saving Time April 1 to October 31 582 # In the 44 years to 45 years (AD 1955-1956 years) Daylight Saving Time April 1 to September 30 583 # Republic of China 46 years to 48 years (AD 1957-1959) Summer Time April 1 to September 30 584 # Republic of China 49 years to 50 years (AD 1960-1961) Summer Time June 1 to September 30 585 # Republic of China 51 years to 62 years (AD 1962-1973 years) Stop Summer Time 586 # Republic of China 63 years to 64 years (1974-1975 AD) Daylight Saving Time April 1 to September 30 587 # Republic of China 65 years to 67 years (1976-1978 AD) Stop Daylight Saving Time 588 # Republic of China 68 years (AD 1979) Daylight Saving Time July 1 to September 30 589 # Republic of China since 69 years (AD 1980) Stop Daylight Saving Time 590 591 # Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 592 Rule Taiwan 1945 1951 - May 1 0:00 1:00 D 593 Rule Taiwan 1945 1951 - Oct 1 0:00 0 S 594 Rule Taiwan 1952 only - Mar 1 0:00 1:00 D 595 Rule Taiwan 1952 1954 - Nov 1 0:00 0 S 596 Rule Taiwan 1953 1959 - Apr 1 0:00 1:00 D 597 Rule Taiwan 1955 1961 - Oct 1 0:00 0 S 598 Rule Taiwan 1960 1961 - Jun 1 0:00 1:00 D 599 Rule Taiwan 1974 1975 - Apr 1 0:00 1:00 D 600 Rule Taiwan 1974 1975 - Oct 1 0:00 0 S 601 Rule Taiwan 1979 only - Jun 30 0:00 1:00 D 602 Rule Taiwan 1979 only - Sep 30 0:00 0 S 603 604 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 605 Zone Asia/Taipei 8:06:00 - LMT 1896 # or Taibei or T'ai-pei 606 8:00 Taiwan C%sT 607 608 # Macau (Macao, Aomen) 609 # Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 610 Rule Macau 1961 1962 - Mar Sun>=16 3:30 1:00 S 611 Rule Macau 1961 1964 - Nov Sun>=1 3:30 0 - 612 Rule Macau 1963 only - Mar Sun>=16 0:00 1:00 S 613 Rule Macau 1964 only - Mar Sun>=16 3:30 1:00 S 614 Rule Macau 1965 only - Mar Sun>=16 0:00 1:00 S 615 Rule Macau 1965 only - Oct 31 0:00 0 - 616 Rule Macau 1966 1971 - Apr Sun>=16 3:30 1:00 S 617 Rule Macau 1966 1971 - Oct Sun>=16 3:30 0 - 618 Rule Macau 1972 1974 - Apr Sun>=15 0:00 1:00 S 619 Rule Macau 1972 1973 - Oct Sun>=15 0:00 0 - 620 Rule Macau 1974 1977 - Oct Sun>=15 3:30 0 - 621 Rule Macau 1975 1977 - Apr Sun>=15 3:30 1:00 S 622 Rule Macau 1978 1980 - Apr Sun>=15 0:00 1:00 S 623 Rule Macau 1978 1980 - Oct Sun>=15 0:00 0 - 624 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 625 Zone Asia/Macau 7:34:20 - LMT 1912 626 8:00 Macau MO%sT 1999 Dec 20 # return to China 627 8:00 PRC C%sT 628 629 630 ############################################################################### 631 632 # Cyprus 633 # Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 634 Rule Cyprus 1975 only - Apr 13 0:00 1:00 S 635 Rule Cyprus 1975 only - Oct 12 0:00 0 - 636 Rule Cyprus 1976 only - May 15 0:00 1:00 S 637 Rule Cyprus 1976 only - Oct 11 0:00 0 - 638 Rule Cyprus 1977 1980 - Apr Sun>=1 0:00 1:00 S 639 Rule Cyprus 1977 only - Sep 25 0:00 0 - 640 Rule Cyprus 1978 only - Oct 2 0:00 0 - 641 Rule Cyprus 1979 1997 - Sep lastSun 0:00 0 - 642 Rule Cyprus 1981 1998 - Mar lastSun 0:00 1:00 S 643 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 644 Zone Asia/Nicosia 2:13:28 - LMT 1921 Nov 14 645 2:00 Cyprus EE%sT 1998 Sep 646 2:00 EUAsia EE%sT 647 # IATA SSIM (1998-09) has Cyprus using EU rules for the first time. 648 649 # Classically, Cyprus belongs to Asia; e.g. see Herodotus, Histories, I.72. 650 # However, for various reasons many users expect to find it under Europe. 651 Link Asia/Nicosia Europe/Nicosia 652 653 # Georgia 654 # From Paul Eggert (1994-11-19): 655 # Today's _Economist_ (p 60) reports that Georgia moved its clocks forward 656 # an hour recently, due to a law proposed by Zurab Murvanidze, 657 # an MP who went on a hunger strike for 11 days to force discussion about it! 658 # We have no details, but we'll guess they didn't move the clocks back in fall. 659 # 660 # From Mathew Englander, quoting AP (1996-10-23 13:05-04): 661 # Instead of putting back clocks at the end of October, Georgia 662 # will stay on daylight savings time this winter to save energy, 663 # President Eduard Shevardnadze decreed Wednesday. 664 # 665 # From the BBC via Joseph S. Myers (2004-06-27): 666 # 667 # Georgia moved closer to Western Europe on Sunday... The former Soviet 668 # republic has changed its time zone back to that of Moscow. As a result it 669 # is now just four hours ahead of Greenwich Mean Time, rather than five hours 670 # ahead. The switch was decreed by the pro-Western president of Georgia, 671 # Mikhail Saakashvili, who said the change was partly prompted by the process 672 # of integration into Europe. 673 674 # From Teimuraz Abashidze (2005-11-07): 675 # Government of Georgia ... decided to NOT CHANGE daylight savings time on 676 # [Oct.] 30, as it was done before during last more than 10 years. 677 # Currently, we are in fact GMT +4:00, as before 30 October it was GMT 678 # +3:00.... The problem is, there is NO FORMAL LAW or governmental document 679 # about it. As far as I can find, I was told, that there is no document, 680 # because we just DIDN'T ISSUE document about switching to winter time.... 681 # I don't know what can be done, especially knowing that some years ago our 682 # DST rules where changed THREE TIMES during one month. 683 684 685 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 686 Zone Asia/Tbilisi 2:59:16 - LMT 1880 687 2:59:16 - TBMT 1924 May 2 # Tbilisi Mean Time 688 3:00 - TBIT 1957 Mar # Tbilisi Time 689 4:00 RussiaAsia TBI%sT 1991 Mar 31 2:00s 690 3:00 1:00 TBIST 1991 Apr 9 # independence 691 3:00 RussiaAsia GE%sT 1992 # Georgia Time 692 3:00 E-EurAsia GE%sT 1994 Sep lastSun 693 4:00 E-EurAsia GE%sT 1996 Oct lastSun 694 4:00 1:00 GEST 1997 Mar lastSun 695 4:00 E-EurAsia GE%sT 2004 Jun 27 696 3:00 RussiaAsia GE%sT 2005 Mar lastSun 2:00 697 4:00 - GET 698 699 # East Timor 700 701 # See Indonesia for the 1945 transition. 702 703 # From Joao Carrascalao, brother of the former governor of East Timor, in 704 # <a href="http://etan.org/et99c/december/26-31/30ETMAY.htm"> 705 # East Timor may be late for its millennium 706 # </a> (1999-12-26/31): 707 # Portugal tried to change the time forward in 1974 because the sun 708 # rises too early but the suggestion raised a lot of problems with the 709 # Timorese and I still don't think it would work today because it 710 # conflicts with their way of life. 711 712 # From Paul Eggert (2000-12-04): 713 # We don't have any record of the above attempt. 714 # Most likely our records are incomplete, but we have no better data. 715 716 # <a href="http://www.hri.org/news/world/undh/last/00-08-16.undh.html"> 717 # From Manoel de Almeida e Silva, Deputy Spokesman for the UN Secretary-General 718 # (2000-08-16)</a>: 719 # The Cabinet of the East Timor Transition Administration decided 720 # today to advance East Timor's time by one hour. The time change, 721 # which will be permanent, with no seasonal adjustment, will happen at 722 # midnight on Saturday, September 16. 723 724 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 725 Zone Asia/Dili 8:22:20 - LMT 1912 726 8:00 - TLT 1942 Feb 21 23:00 # E Timor Time 727 9:00 - JST 1945 Sep 23 728 9:00 - TLT 1976 May 3 729 8:00 - CIT 2000 Sep 17 00:00 730 9:00 - TLT 731 732 # India 733 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 734 Zone Asia/Kolkata 5:53:28 - LMT 1880 # Kolkata 735 5:53:20 - HMT 1941 Oct # Howrah Mean Time? 736 6:30 - BURT 1942 May 15 # Burma Time 737 5:30 - IST 1942 Sep 738 5:30 1:00 IST 1945 Oct 15 739 5:30 - IST 740 # The following are like Asia/Kolkata: 741 # Andaman Is 742 # Lakshadweep (Laccadive, Minicoy and Amindivi Is) 743 # Nicobar Is 744 745 # Indonesia 746 # 747 # From Gwillim Law (2001-05-28), overriding Shanks & Pottenger: 748 # <http://www.sumatera-inc.com/go_to_invest/about_indonesia.asp#standtime> 749 # says that Indonesia's time zones changed on 1988-01-01. Looking at some 750 # time zone maps, I think that must refer to Western Borneo (Kalimantan Barat 751 # and Kalimantan Tengah) switching from UTC+8 to UTC+7. 752 # 753 # From Paul Eggert (2007-03-10): 754 # Here is another correction to Shanks & Pottenger. 755 # JohnTWB writes that Japanese forces did not surrender control in 756 # Indonesia until 1945-09-01 00:00 at the earliest (in Jakarta) and 757 # other formal surrender ceremonies were September 9, 11, and 13, plus 758 # September 12 for the regional surrender to Mountbatten in Singapore. 759 # These would be the earliest possible times for a change. 760 # Regimes horaires pour le monde entier, by Henri Le Corre, (Editions 761 # Traditionnelles, 1987, Paris) says that Java and Madura switched 762 # from JST to UTC+07:30 on 1945-09-23, and gives 1944-09-01 for Jayapura 763 # (Hollandia). For now, assume all Indonesian locations other than Jayapura 764 # switched on 1945-09-23. 765 # 766 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 767 Zone Asia/Jakarta 7:07:12 - LMT 1867 Aug 10 768 # Shanks & Pottenger say the next transition was at 1924 Jan 1 0:13, 769 # but this must be a typo. 770 7:07:12 - JMT 1923 Dec 31 23:47:12 # Jakarta 771 7:20 - JAVT 1932 Nov # Java Time 772 7:30 - WIT 1942 Mar 23 773 9:00 - JST 1945 Sep 23 774 7:30 - WIT 1948 May 775 8:00 - WIT 1950 May 776 7:30 - WIT 1964 777 7:00 - WIT 778 Zone Asia/Pontianak 7:17:20 - LMT 1908 May 779 7:17:20 - PMT 1932 Nov # Pontianak MT 780 7:30 - WIT 1942 Jan 29 781 9:00 - JST 1945 Sep 23 782 7:30 - WIT 1948 May 783 8:00 - WIT 1950 May 784 7:30 - WIT 1964 785 8:00 - CIT 1988 Jan 1 786 7:00 - WIT 787 Zone Asia/Makassar 7:57:36 - LMT 1920 788 7:57:36 - MMT 1932 Nov # Macassar MT 789 8:00 - CIT 1942 Feb 9 790 9:00 - JST 1945 Sep 23 791 8:00 - CIT 792 Zone Asia/Jayapura 9:22:48 - LMT 1932 Nov 793 9:00 - EIT 1944 Sep 1 794 9:30 - CST 1964 795 9:00 - EIT 796 797 # Iran 798 799 # From Roozbeh Pournader (2003-03-15): 800 # This is an English translation of what I just found (originally in Persian). 801 # The Gregorian dates in brackets are mine: 802 # 803 # Official Newspaper No. 13548-1370/6/25 [1991-09-16] 804 # No. 16760/T233 H 1370/6/10 [1991-09-01] 805 # 806 # The Rule About Change of the Official Time of the Country 807 # 808 # The Board of Ministers, in the meeting dated 1370/5/23 [1991-08-14], 809 # based on the suggestion number 2221/D dated 1370/4/22 [1991-07-13] 810 # of the Country's Organization for Official and Employment Affairs, 811 # and referring to the law for equating the working hours of workers 812 # and officers in the whole country dated 1359/4/23 [1980-07-14], and 813 # for synchronizing the official times of the country, agreed that: 814 # 815 # The official time of the country will should move forward one hour 816 # at the 24[:00] hours of the first day of Farvardin and should return 817 # to its previous state at the 24[:00] hours of the 30th day of 818 # Shahrivar. 819 # 820 # First Deputy to the President - Hassan Habibi 821 # 822 # From personal experience, that agrees with what has been followed 823 # for at least the last 5 years. Before that, for a few years, the 824 # date used was the first Thursday night of Farvardin and the last 825 # Thursday night of Shahrivar, but I can't give exact dates.... 826 # I have also changed the abbreviations to what is considered correct 827 # here in Iran, IRST for regular time and IRDT for daylight saving time. 828 # 829 # From Roozbeh Pournader (2005-04-05): 830 # The text of the Iranian law, in effect since 1925, clearly mentions 831 # that the true solar year is the measure, and there is no arithmetic 832 # leap year calculation involved. There has never been any serious 833 # plan to change that law.... 834 # 835 # From Paul Eggert (2006-03-22): 836 # Go with Shanks & Pottenger before Sept. 1991, and with Pournader thereafter. 837 # I used Ed Reingold's cal-persia in GNU Emacs 21.2 to check Persian dates, 838 # stopping after 2037 when 32-bit time_t's overflow. 839 # That cal-persia used Birashk's approximation, which disagrees with the solar 840 # calendar predictions for the year 2025, so I corrected those dates by hand. 841 # 842 # From Oscar van Vlijmen (2005-03-30), writing about future 843 # discrepancies between cal-persia and the Iranian calendar: 844 # For 2091 solar-longitude-after yields 2091-03-20 08:40:07.7 UT for 845 # the vernal equinox and that gets so close to 12:00 some local 846 # Iranian time that the definition of the correct location needs to be 847 # known exactly, amongst other factors. 2157 is even closer: 848 # 2157-03-20 08:37:15.5 UT. But the Gregorian year 2025 should give 849 # no interpretation problem whatsoever. By the way, another instant 850 # in the near future where there will be a discrepancy between 851 # arithmetical and astronomical Iranian calendars will be in 2058: 852 # vernal equinox on 2058-03-20 09:03:05.9 UT. The Java version of 853 # Reingold's/Dershowitz' calculator gives correctly the Gregorian date 854 # 2058-03-21 for 1 Farvardin 1437 (astronomical). 855 # 856 # From Steffen Thorsen (2006-03-22): 857 # Several of my users have reported that Iran will not observe DST anymore: 858 # http://www.irna.ir/en/news/view/line-17/0603193812164948.htm 859 # 860 # From Reuters (2007-09-16), with a heads-up from Jesper Norgaard Welen: 861 # ... the Guardian Council ... approved a law on Sunday to re-introduce 862 # daylight saving time ... 863 # http://uk.reuters.com/article/oilRpt/idUKBLA65048420070916 864 # 865 # From Roozbeh Pournader (2007-11-05): 866 # This is quoted from Official Gazette of the Islamic Republic of 867 # Iran, Volume 63, Number 18242, dated Tuesday 1386/6/24 868 # [2007-10-16]. I am doing the best translation I can:... 869 # The official time of the country will be moved forward for one hour 870 # on the 24 hours of the first day of the month of Farvardin and will 871 # be changed back to its previous state on the 24 hours of the 872 # thirtieth day of Shahrivar. 873 # 874 # Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 875 Rule Iran 1978 1980 - Mar 21 0:00 1:00 D 876 Rule Iran 1978 only - Oct 21 0:00 0 S 877 Rule Iran 1979 only - Sep 19 0:00 0 S 878 Rule Iran 1980 only - Sep 23 0:00 0 S 879 Rule Iran 1991 only - May 3 0:00 1:00 D 880 Rule Iran 1992 1995 - Mar 22 0:00 1:00 D 881 Rule Iran 1991 1995 - Sep 22 0:00 0 S 882 Rule Iran 1996 only - Mar 21 0:00 1:00 D 883 Rule Iran 1996 only - Sep 21 0:00 0 S 884 Rule Iran 1997 1999 - Mar 22 0:00 1:00 D 885 Rule Iran 1997 1999 - Sep 22 0:00 0 S 886 Rule Iran 2000 only - Mar 21 0:00 1:00 D 887 Rule Iran 2000 only - Sep 21 0:00 0 S 888 Rule Iran 2001 2003 - Mar 22 0:00 1:00 D 889 Rule Iran 2001 2003 - Sep 22 0:00 0 S 890 Rule Iran 2004 only - Mar 21 0:00 1:00 D 891 Rule Iran 2004 only - Sep 21 0:00 0 S 892 Rule Iran 2005 only - Mar 22 0:00 1:00 D 893 Rule Iran 2005 only - Sep 22 0:00 0 S 894 Rule Iran 2008 only - Mar 21 0:00 1:00 D 895 Rule Iran 2008 only - Sep 21 0:00 0 S 896 Rule Iran 2009 2011 - Mar 22 0:00 1:00 D 897 Rule Iran 2009 2011 - Sep 22 0:00 0 S 898 Rule Iran 2012 only - Mar 21 0:00 1:00 D 899 Rule Iran 2012 only - Sep 21 0:00 0 S 900 Rule Iran 2013 2015 - Mar 22 0:00 1:00 D 901 Rule Iran 2013 2015 - Sep 22 0:00 0 S 902 Rule Iran 2016 only - Mar 21 0:00 1:00 D 903 Rule Iran 2016 only - Sep 21 0:00 0 S 904 Rule Iran 2017 2019 - Mar 22 0:00 1:00 D 905 Rule Iran 2017 2019 - Sep 22 0:00 0 S 906 Rule Iran 2020 only - Mar 21 0:00 1:00 D 907 Rule Iran 2020 only - Sep 21 0:00 0 S 908 Rule Iran 2021 2023 - Mar 22 0:00 1:00 D 909 Rule Iran 2021 2023 - Sep 22 0:00 0 S 910 Rule Iran 2024 only - Mar 21 0:00 1:00 D 911 Rule Iran 2024 only - Sep 21 0:00 0 S 912 Rule Iran 2025 2027 - Mar 22 0:00 1:00 D 913 Rule Iran 2025 2027 - Sep 22 0:00 0 S 914 Rule Iran 2028 2029 - Mar 21 0:00 1:00 D 915 Rule Iran 2028 2029 - Sep 21 0:00 0 S 916 Rule Iran 2030 2031 - Mar 22 0:00 1:00 D 917 Rule Iran 2030 2031 - Sep 22 0:00 0 S 918 Rule Iran 2032 2033 - Mar 21 0:00 1:00 D 919 Rule Iran 2032 2033 - Sep 21 0:00 0 S 920 Rule Iran 2034 2035 - Mar 22 0:00 1:00 D 921 Rule Iran 2034 2035 - Sep 22 0:00 0 S 922 Rule Iran 2036 2037 - Mar 21 0:00 1:00 D 923 Rule Iran 2036 2037 - Sep 21 0:00 0 S 924 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 925 Zone Asia/Tehran 3:25:44 - LMT 1916 926 3:25:44 - TMT 1946 # Tehran Mean Time 927 3:30 - IRST 1977 Nov 928 4:00 Iran IR%sT 1979 929 3:30 Iran IR%sT 930 931 932 # Iraq 933 # 934 # From Jonathan Lennox (2000-06-12): 935 # An article in this week's Economist ("Inside the Saddam-free zone", p. 50 in 936 # the U.S. edition) on the Iraqi Kurds contains a paragraph: 937 # "The three northern provinces ... switched their clocks this spring and 938 # are an hour ahead of Baghdad." 939 # 940 # But Rives McDow (2000-06-18) quotes a contact in Iraqi-Kurdistan as follows: 941 # In the past, some Kurdish nationalists, as a protest to the Iraqi 942 # Government, did not adhere to daylight saving time. They referred 943 # to daylight saving as Saddam time. But, as of today, the time zone 944 # in Iraqi-Kurdistan is on standard time with Baghdad, Iraq. 945 # 946 # So we'll ignore the Economist's claim. 947 948 # From Steffen Thorsen (2008-03-10): 949 # The cabinet in Iraq abolished DST last week, according to the following 950 # news sources (in Arabic): 951 # <a href="http://www.aljeeran.net/wesima_articles/news-20080305-98602.html"> 952 # http://www.aljeeran.net/wesima_articles/news-20080305-98602.html 953 # </a> 954 # <a href="http://www.aswataliraq.info/look/article.tpl?id=2047&IdLanguage=17&IdPublication=4&NrArticle=71743&NrIssue=1&NrSection=10"> 955 # http://www.aswataliraq.info/look/article.tpl?id=2047&IdLanguage=17&IdPublication=4&NrArticle=71743&NrIssue=1&NrSection=10 956 # </a> 957 # 958 # We have published a short article in English about the change: 959 # <a href="http://www.timeanddate.com/news/time/iraq-dumps-daylight-saving.html"> 960 # http://www.timeanddate.com/news/time/iraq-dumps-daylight-saving.html 961 # </a> 962 963 # Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 964 Rule Iraq 1982 only - May 1 0:00 1:00 D 965 Rule Iraq 1982 1984 - Oct 1 0:00 0 S 966 Rule Iraq 1983 only - Mar 31 0:00 1:00 D 967 Rule Iraq 1984 1985 - Apr 1 0:00 1:00 D 968 Rule Iraq 1985 1990 - Sep lastSun 1:00s 0 S 969 Rule Iraq 1986 1990 - Mar lastSun 1:00s 1:00 D 970 # IATA SSIM (1991/1996) says Apr 1 12:01am UTC; guess the `:01' is a typo. 971 # Shanks & Pottenger say Iraq did not observe DST 1992/1997; ignore this. 972 # 973 Rule Iraq 1991 2007 - Apr 1 3:00s 1:00 D 974 Rule Iraq 1991 2007 - Oct 1 3:00s 0 S 975 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 976 Zone Asia/Baghdad 2:57:40 - LMT 1890 977 2:57:36 - BMT 1918 # Baghdad Mean Time? 978 3:00 - AST 1982 May 979 3:00 Iraq A%sT 980 981 982 ############################################################################### 983 984 # Israel 985 986 # From Ephraim Silverberg (2001-01-11): 987 # 988 # I coined "IST/IDT" circa 1988. Until then there were three 989 # different abbreviations in use: 990 # 991 # JST Jerusalem Standard Time [Danny Braniss, Hebrew University] 992 # IZT Israel Zonal (sic) Time [Prof. Haim Papo, Technion] 993 # EEST Eastern Europe Standard Time [used by almost everyone else] 994 # 995 # Since timezones should be called by country and not capital cities, 996 # I ruled out JST. As Israel is in Asia Minor and not Eastern Europe, 997 # EEST was equally unacceptable. Since "zonal" was not compatible with 998 # any other timezone abbreviation, I felt that 'IST' was the way to go 999 # and, indeed, it has received almost universal acceptance in timezone 1000 # settings in Israeli computers. 1001 # 1002 # In any case, I am happy to share timezone abbreviations with India, 1003 # high on my favorite-country list (and not only because my wife's 1004 # family is from India). 1005 1006 # From Shanks & Pottenger: 1007 # Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 1008 Rule Zion 1940 only - Jun 1 0:00 1:00 D 1009 Rule Zion 1942 1944 - Nov 1 0:00 0 S 1010 Rule Zion 1943 only - Apr 1 2:00 1:00 D 1011 Rule Zion 1944 only - Apr 1 0:00 1:00 D 1012 Rule Zion 1945 only - Apr 16 0:00 1:00 D 1013 Rule Zion 1945 only - Nov 1 2:00 0 S 1014 Rule Zion 1946 only - Apr 16 2:00 1:00 D 1015 Rule Zion 1946 only - Nov 1 0:00 0 S 1016 Rule Zion 1948 only - May 23 0:00 2:00 DD 1017 Rule Zion 1948 only - Sep 1 0:00 1:00 D 1018 Rule Zion 1948 1949 - Nov 1 2:00 0 S 1019 Rule Zion 1949 only - May 1 0:00 1:00 D 1020 Rule Zion 1950 only - Apr 16 0:00 1:00 D 1021 Rule Zion 1950 only - Sep 15 3:00 0 S 1022 Rule Zion 1951 only - Apr 1 0:00 1:00 D 1023 Rule Zion 1951 only - Nov 11 3:00 0 S 1024 Rule Zion 1952 only - Apr 20 2:00 1:00 D 1025 Rule Zion 1952 only - Oct 19 3:00 0 S 1026 Rule Zion 1953 only - Apr 12 2:00 1:00 D 1027 Rule Zion 1953 only - Sep 13 3:00 0 S 1028 Rule Zion 1954 only - Jun 13 0:00 1:00 D 1029 Rule Zion 1954 only - Sep 12 0:00 0 S 1030 Rule Zion 1955 only - Jun 11 2:00 1:00 D 1031 Rule Zion 1955 only - Sep 11 0:00 0 S 1032 Rule Zion 1956 only - Jun 3 0:00 1:00 D 1033 Rule Zion 1956 only - Sep 30 3:00 0 S 1034 Rule Zion 1957 only - Apr 29 2:00 1:00 D 1035 Rule Zion 1957 only - Sep 22 0:00 0 S 1036 Rule Zion 1974 only - Jul 7 0:00 1:00 D 1037 Rule Zion 1974 only - Oct 13 0:00 0 S 1038 Rule Zion 1975 only - Apr 20 0:00 1:00 D 1039 Rule Zion 1975 only - Aug 31 0:00 0 S 1040 Rule Zion 1985 only - Apr 14 0:00 1:00 D 1041 Rule Zion 1985 only - Sep 15 0:00 0 S 1042 Rule Zion 1986 only - May 18 0:00 1:00 D 1043 Rule Zion 1986 only - Sep 7 0:00 0 S 1044 Rule Zion 1987 only - Apr 15 0:00 1:00 D 1045 Rule Zion 1987 only - Sep 13 0:00 0 S 1046 Rule Zion 1988 only - Apr 9 0:00 1:00 D 1047 Rule Zion 1988 only - Sep 3 0:00 0 S 1048 1049 # From Ephraim Silverberg 1050 # (1997-03-04, 1998-03-16, 1998-12-28, 2000-01-17, 2000-07-25, 2004-12-22, 1051 # and 2005-02-17): 1052 1053 # According to the Office of the Secretary General of the Ministry of 1054 # Interior, there is NO set rule for Daylight-Savings/Standard time changes. 1055 # One thing is entrenched in law, however: that there must be at least 150 1056 # days of daylight savings time annually. From 1993-1998, the change to 1057 # daylight savings time was on a Friday morning from midnight IST to 1058 # 1 a.m IDT; up until 1998, the change back to standard time was on a 1059 # Saturday night from midnight daylight savings time to 11 p.m. standard 1060 # time. 1996 is an exception to this rule where the change back to standard 1061 # time took place on Sunday night instead of Saturday night to avoid 1062 # conflicts with the Jewish New Year. In 1999, the change to 1063 # daylight savings time was still on a Friday morning but from 1064 # 2 a.m. IST to 3 a.m. IDT; furthermore, the change back to standard time 1065 # was also on a Friday morning from 2 a.m. IDT to 1 a.m. IST for 1066 # 1999 only. In the year 2000, the change to daylight savings time was 1067 # similar to 1999, but although the change back will be on a Friday, it 1068 # will take place from 1 a.m. IDT to midnight IST. Starting in 2001, all 1069 # changes to/from will take place at 1 a.m. old time, but now there is no 1070 # rule as to what day of the week it will take place in as the start date 1071 # (except in 2003) is the night after the Passover Seder (i.e. the eve 1072 # of the 16th of Nisan in the lunar Hebrew calendar) and the end date 1073 # (except in 2002) is three nights before Yom Kippur [Day of Atonement] 1074 # (the eve of the 7th of Tishrei in the lunar Hebrew calendar). 1075 1076 # Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 1077 Rule Zion 1989 only - Apr 30 0:00 1:00 D 1078 Rule Zion 1989 only - Sep 3 0:00 0 S 1079 Rule Zion 1990 only - Mar 25 0:00 1:00 D 1080 Rule Zion 1990 only - Aug 26 0:00 0 S 1081 Rule Zion 1991 only - Mar 24 0:00 1:00 D 1082 Rule Zion 1991 only - Sep 1 0:00 0 S 1083 Rule Zion 1992 only - Mar 29 0:00 1:00 D 1084 Rule Zion 1992 only - Sep 6 0:00 0 S 1085 Rule Zion 1993 only - Apr 2 0:00 1:00 D 1086 Rule Zion 1993 only - Sep 5 0:00 0 S 1087 1088 # The dates for 1994-1995 were obtained from Office of the Spokeswoman for the 1089 # Ministry of Interior, Jerusalem, Israel. The spokeswoman can be reached by 1090 # calling the office directly at 972-2-6701447 or 972-2-6701448. 1091 1092 # Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 1093 Rule Zion 1994 only - Apr 1 0:00 1:00 D 1094 Rule Zion 1994 only - Aug 28 0:00 0 S 1095 Rule Zion 1995 only - Mar 31 0:00 1:00 D 1096 Rule Zion 1995 only - Sep 3 0:00 0 S 1097 1098 # The dates for 1996 were determined by the Minister of Interior of the 1099 # time, Haim Ramon. The official announcement regarding 1996-1998 1100 # (with the dates for 1997-1998 no longer being relevant) can be viewed at: 1101 # 1102 # ftp://ftp.cs.huji.ac.il/pub/tz/announcements/1996-1998.ramon.ps.gz 1103 # 1104 # The dates for 1997-1998 were altered by his successor, Rabbi Eli Suissa. 1105 # 1106 # The official announcements for the years 1997-1999 can be viewed at: 1107 # 1108 # ftp://ftp.cs.huji.ac.il/pub/tz/announcements/YYYY.ps.gz 1109 # 1110 # where YYYY is the relevant year. 1111 1112 # Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 1113 Rule Zion 1996 only - Mar 15 0:00 1:00 D 1114 Rule Zion 1996 only - Sep 16 0:00 0 S 1115 Rule Zion 1997 only - Mar 21 0:00 1:00 D 1116 Rule Zion 1997 only - Sep 14 0:00 0 S 1117 Rule Zion 1998 only - Mar 20 0:00 1:00 D 1118 Rule Zion 1998 only - Sep 6 0:00 0 S 1119 Rule Zion 1999 only - Apr 2 2:00 1:00 D 1120 Rule Zion 1999 only - Sep 3 2:00 0 S 1121 1122 # The Knesset Interior Committee has changed the dates for 2000 for 1123 # the third time in just over a year and have set new dates for the 1124 # years 2001-2004 as well. 1125 # 1126 # The official announcement for the start date of 2000 can be viewed at: 1127 # 1128 # ftp://ftp.cs.huji.ac.il/pub/tz/announcements/2000-start.ps.gz 1129 # 1130 # The official announcement for the end date of 2000 and the dates 1131 # for the years 2001-2004 can be viewed at: 1132 # 1133 # ftp://ftp.cs.huji.ac.il/pub/tz/announcements/2000-2004.ps.gz 1134 1135 # Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 1136 Rule Zion 2000 only - Apr 14 2:00 1:00 D 1137 Rule Zion 2000 only - Oct 6 1:00 0 S 1138 Rule Zion 2001 only - Apr 9 1:00 1:00 D 1139 Rule Zion 2001 only - Sep 24 1:00 0 S 1140 Rule Zion 2002 only - Mar 29 1:00 1:00 D 1141 Rule Zion 2002 only - Oct 7 1:00 0 S 1142 Rule Zion 2003 only - Mar 28 1:00 1:00 D 1143 Rule Zion 2003 only - Oct 3 1:00 0 S 1144 Rule Zion 2004 only - Apr 7 1:00 1:00 D 1145 Rule Zion 2004 only - Sep 22 1:00 0 S 1146 1147 # The proposed law agreed upon by the Knesset Interior Committee on 1148 # 2005-02-14 is that, for 2005 and beyond, DST starts at 02:00 the 1149 # last Friday before April 2nd (i.e. the last Friday in March or April 1150 # 1st itself if it falls on a Friday) and ends at 02:00 on the Saturday 1151 # night _before_ the fast of Yom Kippur. 1152 # 1153 # Those who can read Hebrew can view the announcement at: 1154 # 1155 # ftp://ftp.cs.huji.ac.il/pub/tz/announcements/2005+beyond.ps 1156 1157 # From Paul Eggert (2005-02-22): 1158 # I used Ephraim Silverberg's dst-israel.el program 1159 # <ftp://ftp.cs.huji.ac.il/pub/tz/software/dst-israel.el> (2005-02-20) 1160 # along with Ed Reingold's cal-hebrew in GNU Emacs 21.4, 1161 # to generate the transitions in this list. 1162 # (I replaced "lastFri" with "Fri>=26" by hand.) 1163 # The spring transitions below all correspond to the following Rule: 1164 # 1165 # Rule Zion 2005 max - Mar Fri>=26 2:00 1:00 D 1166 # 1167 # but older zic implementations (e.g., Solaris 8) do not support 1168 # "Fri>=26" to mean April 1 in years like 2005, so for now we list the 1169 # springtime transitions explicitly. 1170 1171 # Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 1172 Rule Zion 2005 only - Apr 1 2:00 1:00 D 1173 Rule Zion 2005 only - Oct 9 2:00 0 S 1174 Rule Zion 2006 2010 - Mar Fri>=26 2:00 1:00 D 1175 Rule Zion 2006 only - Oct 1 2:00 0 S 1176 Rule Zion 2007 only - Sep 16 2:00 0 S 1177 Rule Zion 2008 only - Oct 5 2:00 0 S 1178 Rule Zion 2009 only - Sep 27 2:00 0 S 1179 Rule Zion 2010 only - Sep 12 2:00 0 S 1180 Rule Zion 2011 only - Apr 1 2:00 1:00 D 1181 Rule Zion 2011 only - Oct 2 2:00 0 S 1182 Rule Zion 2012 2015 - Mar Fri>=26 2:00 1:00 D 1183 Rule Zion 2012 only - Sep 23 2:00 0 S 1184 Rule Zion 2013 only - Sep 8 2:00 0 S 1185 Rule Zion 2014 only - Sep 28 2:00 0 S 1186 Rule Zion 2015 only - Sep 20 2:00 0 S 1187 Rule Zion 2016 only - Apr 1 2:00 1:00 D 1188 Rule Zion 2016 only - Oct 9 2:00 0 S 1189 Rule Zion 2017 2021 - Mar Fri>=26 2:00 1:00 D 1190 Rule Zion 2017 only - Sep 24 2:00 0 S 1191 Rule Zion 2018 only - Sep 16 2:00 0 S 1192 Rule Zion 2019 only - Oct 6 2:00 0 S 1193 Rule Zion 2020 only - Sep 27 2:00 0 S 1194 Rule Zion 2021 only - Sep 12 2:00 0 S 1195 Rule Zion 2022 only - Apr 1 2:00 1:00 D 1196 Rule Zion 2022 only - Oct 2 2:00 0 S 1197 Rule Zion 2023 2032 - Mar Fri>=26 2:00 1:00 D 1198 Rule Zion 2023 only - Sep 24 2:00 0 S 1199 Rule Zion 2024 only - Oct 6 2:00 0 S 1200 Rule Zion 2025 only - Sep 28 2:00 0 S 1201 Rule Zion 2026 only - Sep 20 2:00 0 S 1202 Rule Zion 2027 only - Oct 10 2:00 0 S 1203 Rule Zion 2028 only - Sep 24 2:00 0 S 1204 Rule Zion 2029 only - Sep 16 2:00 0 S 1205 Rule Zion 2030 only - Oct 6 2:00 0 S 1206 Rule Zion 2031 only - Sep 21 2:00 0 S 1207 Rule Zion 2032 only - Sep 12 2:00 0 S 1208 Rule Zion 2033 only - Apr 1 2:00 1:00 D 1209 Rule Zion 2033 only - Oct 2 2:00 0 S 1210 Rule Zion 2034 2037 - Mar Fri>=26 2:00 1:00 D 1211 Rule Zion 2034 only - Sep 17 2:00 0 S 1212 Rule Zion 2035 only - Oct 7 2:00 0 S 1213 Rule Zion 2036 only - Sep 28 2:00 0 S 1214 Rule Zion 2037 only - Sep 13 2:00 0 S 1215 1216 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 1217 Zone Asia/Jerusalem 2:20:56 - LMT 1880 1218 2:20:40 - JMT 1918 # Jerusalem Mean Time? 1219 2:00 Zion I%sT 1220 1221 1222 1223 ############################################################################### 1224 1225 # Japan 1226 1227 # `9:00' and `JST' is from Guy Harris. 1228 1229 # From Paul Eggert (1995-03-06): 1230 # Today's _Asahi Evening News_ (page 4) reports that Japan had 1231 # daylight saving between 1948 and 1951, but ``the system was discontinued 1232 # because the public believed it would lead to longer working hours.'' 1233 1234 # From Mayumi Negishi in the 2005-08-10 Japan Times 1235 # <http://www.japantimes.co.jp/cgi-bin/getarticle.pl5?nn20050810f2.htm>: 1236 # Occupation authorities imposed daylight-saving time on Japan on 1237 # [1948-05-01].... But lack of prior debate and the execution of 1238 # daylight-saving time just three days after the bill was passed generated 1239 # deep hatred of the concept.... The Diet unceremoniously passed a bill to 1240 # dump the unpopular system in October 1951, less than a month after the San 1241 # Francisco Peace Treaty was signed. (A government poll in 1951 showed 53% 1242 # of the Japanese wanted to scrap daylight-saving time, as opposed to 30% who 1243 # wanted to keep it.) 1244 1245 # From Paul Eggert (2006-03-22): 1246 # Shanks & Pottenger write that DST in Japan during those years was as follows: 1247 # Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 1248 Rule Japan 1948 only - May Sun>=1 2:00 1:00 D 1249 Rule Japan 1948 1951 - Sep Sat>=8 2:00 0 S 1250 Rule Japan 1949 only - Apr Sun>=1 2:00 1:00 D 1251 Rule Japan 1950 1951 - May Sun>=1 2:00 1:00 D 1252 # but the only locations using it (for birth certificates, presumably, since 1253 # their audience is astrologers) were US military bases. For now, assume 1254 # that for most purposes daylight-saving time was observed; otherwise, what 1255 # would have been the point of the 1951 poll? 1256 1257 # From Hideyuki Suzuki (1998-11-09): 1258 # 'Tokyo' usually stands for the former location of Tokyo Astronomical 1259 # Observatory: E 139 44' 40".90 (9h 18m 58s.727), N 35 39' 16".0. 1260 # This data is from 'Rika Nenpyou (Chronological Scientific Tables) 1996' 1261 # edited by National Astronomical Observatory of Japan.... 1262 # JST (Japan Standard Time) has been used since 1888-01-01 00:00 (JST). 1263 # The law is enacted on 1886-07-07. 1264 1265 # From Hideyuki Suzuki (1998-11-16): 1266 # The ordinance No. 51 (1886) established "standard time" in Japan, 1267 # which stands for the time on E 135 degree. 1268 # In the ordinance No. 167 (1895), "standard time" was renamed to "central 1269 # standard time". And the same ordinance also established "western standard 1270 # time", which stands for the time on E 120 degree.... But "western standard 1271 # time" was abolished in the ordinance No. 529 (1937). In the ordinance No. 1272 # 167, there is no mention regarding for what place western standard time is 1273 # standard.... 1274 # 1275 # I wrote "ordinance" above, but I don't know how to translate. 1276 # In Japanese it's "chokurei", which means ordinance from emperor. 1277 1278 # Shanks & Pottenger claim JST in use since 1896, and that a few 1279 # places (e.g. Ishigaki) use +0800; go with Suzuki. Guess that all 1280 # ordinances took effect on Jan 1. 1281 1282 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 1283 Zone Asia/Tokyo 9:18:59 - LMT 1887 Dec 31 15:00u 1284 9:00 - JST 1896 1285 9:00 - CJT 1938 1286 9:00 Japan J%sT 1287 # Since 1938, all Japanese possessions have been like Asia/Tokyo. 1288 1289 # Jordan 1290 # 1291 # From <a href="http://star.arabia.com/990701/JO9.html"> 1292 # Jordan Week (1999-07-01) </a> via Steffen Thorsen (1999-09-09): 1293 # Clocks in Jordan were forwarded one hour on Wednesday at midnight, 1294 # in accordance with the government's decision to implement summer time 1295 # all year round. 1296 # 1297 # From <a href="http://star.arabia.com/990930/JO9.html"> 1298 # Jordan Week (1999-09-30) </a> via Steffen Thorsen (1999-11-09): 1299 # Winter time starts today Thursday, 30 September. Clocks will be turned back 1300 # by one hour. This is the latest government decision and it's final! 1301 # The decision was taken because of the increase in working hours in 1302 # government's departments from six to seven hours. 1303 # 1304 # From Paul Eggert (2005-11-22): 1305 # Starting 2003 transitions are from Steffen Thorsen's web site timeanddate.com. 1306 # 1307 # From Steffen Thorsen (2005-11-23): 1308 # For Jordan I have received multiple independent user reports every year 1309 # about DST end dates, as the end-rule is different every year. 1310 # 1311 # From Steffen Thorsen (2006-10-01), after a heads-up from Hilal Malawi: 1312 # http://www.petranews.gov.jo/nepras/2006/Sep/05/4000.htm 1313 # "Jordan will switch to winter time on Friday, October 27". 1314 # 1315 1316 # From Phil Pizzey (2009-04-02): 1317 # ...I think I may have spotted an error in the timezone data for 1318 # Jordan. 1319 # The current (2009d) asia file shows Jordan going to daylight 1320 # saving 1321 # time on the last Thursday in March. 1322 # 1323 # Rule Jordan 2000 max - Mar lastThu 0:00s 1:00 S 1324 # 1325 # However timeanddate.com, which I usually find reliable, shows Jordan 1326 # going to daylight saving time on the last Friday in March since 2002. 1327 # Please see 1328 # <a href="http://www.timeanddate.com/worldclock/timezone.html?n=11"> 1329 # http://www.timeanddate.com/worldclock/timezone.html?n=11 1330 # </a> 1331 1332 # From Steffen Thorsen (2009-04-02): 1333 # This single one might be good enough, (2009-03-24, Arabic): 1334 # <a href="http://petra.gov.jo/Artical.aspx?Lng=2&Section=8&Artical=95279"> 1335 # http://petra.gov.jo/Artical.aspx?Lng=2&Section=8&Artical=95279 1336 # </a> 1337 # 1338 # Google's translation: 1339 # 1340 # > The Council of Ministers decided in 2002 to adopt the principle of timely 1341 # > submission of the summer at 60 minutes as of midnight on the last Thursday 1342 # > of the month of March of each year. 1343 # 1344 # So - this means the midnight between Thursday and Friday since 2002. 1345 1346 # From Arthur David Olson (2009-04-06): 1347 # We still have Jordan switching to DST on Thursdays in 2000 and 2001. 1348 1349 # Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 1350 Rule Jordan 1973 only - Jun 6 0:00 1:00 S 1351 Rule Jordan 1973 1975 - Oct 1 0:00 0 - 1352 Rule Jordan 1974 1977 - May 1 0:00 1:00 S 1353 Rule Jordan 1976 only - Nov 1 0:00 0 - 1354 Rule Jordan 1977 only - Oct 1 0:00 0 - 1355 Rule Jordan 1978 only - Apr 30 0:00 1:00 S 1356 Rule Jordan 1978 only - Sep 30 0:00 0 - 1357 Rule Jordan 1985 only - Apr 1 0:00 1:00 S 1358 Rule Jordan 1985 only - Oct 1 0:00 0 - 1359 Rule Jordan 1986 1988 - Apr Fri>=1 0:00 1:00 S 1360 Rule Jordan 1986 1990 - Oct Fri>=1 0:00 0 - 1361 Rule Jordan 1989 only - May 8 0:00 1:00 S 1362 Rule Jordan 1990 only - Apr 27 0:00 1:00 S 1363 Rule Jordan 1991 only - Apr 17 0:00 1:00 S 1364 Rule Jordan 1991 only - Sep 27 0:00 0 - 1365 Rule Jordan 1992 only - Apr 10 0:00 1:00 S 1366 Rule Jordan 1992 1993 - Oct Fri>=1 0:00 0 - 1367 Rule Jordan 1993 1998 - Apr Fri>=1 0:00 1:00 S 1368 Rule Jordan 1994 only - Sep Fri>=15 0:00 0 - 1369 Rule Jordan 1995 1998 - Sep Fri>=15 0:00s 0 - 1370 Rule Jordan 1999 only - Jul 1 0:00s 1:00 S 1371 Rule Jordan 1999 2002 - Sep lastFri 0:00s 0 - 1372 Rule Jordan 2000 2001 - Mar lastThu 0:00s 1:00 S 1373 Rule Jordan 2002 max - Mar lastThu 24:00 1:00 S 1374 Rule Jordan 2003 only - Oct 24 0:00s 0 - 1375 Rule Jordan 2004 only - Oct 15 0:00s 0 - 1376 Rule Jordan 2005 only - Sep lastFri 0:00s 0 - 1377 Rule Jordan 2006 max - Oct lastFri 0:00s 0 - 1378 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 1379 Zone Asia/Amman 2:23:44 - LMT 1931 1380 2:00 Jordan EE%sT 1381 1382 1383 # Kazakhstan 1384 1385 # From Paul Eggert (1996-11-22): 1386 # Andrew Evtichov (1996-04-13) writes that Kazakhstan 1387 # stayed in sync with Moscow after 1990, and that Aqtobe (formerly Aktyubinsk) 1388 # and Aqtau (formerly Shevchenko) are the largest cities in their zones. 1389 # Guess that Aqtau and Aqtobe diverged in 1995, since that's the first time 1390 # IATA SSIM mentions a third time zone in Kazakhstan. 1391 1392 # From Paul Eggert (2006-03-22): 1393 # German Iofis, ELSI, Almaty (2001-10-09) reports that Kazakhstan uses 1394 # RussiaAsia rules, instead of switching at 00:00 as the IATA has it. 1395 # Go with Shanks & Pottenger, who have them always using RussiaAsia rules. 1396 # Also go with the following claims of Shanks & Pottenger: 1397 # 1398 # - Kazakhstan did not observe DST in 1991. 1399 # - Qyzylorda switched from +5:00 to +6:00 on 1992-01-19 02:00. 1400 # - Oral switched from +5:00 to +4:00 in spring 1989. 1401 1402 # <a href="http://www.kazsociety.org.uk/news/2005/03/30.htm"> 1403 # From Kazakhstan Embassy's News Bulletin #11 (2005-03-21): 1404 # </a> 1405 # The Government of Kazakhstan passed a resolution March 15 abolishing 1406 # daylight saving time citing lack of economic benefits and health 1407 # complications coupled with a decrease in productivity. 1408 # 1409 # From Branislav Kojic (in Astana) via Gwillim Law (2005-06-28): 1410 # ... what happened was that the former Kazakhstan Eastern time zone 1411 # was "blended" with the Central zone. Therefore, Kazakhstan now has 1412 # two time zones, and difference between them is one hour. The zone 1413 # closer to UTC is the former Western zone (probably still called the 1414 # same), encompassing four provinces in the west: Aqtobe, Atyrau, 1415 # Mangghystau, and West Kazakhstan. The other zone encompasses 1416 # everything else.... I guess that would make Kazakhstan time zones 1417 # de jure UTC+5 and UTC+6 respectively. 1418 1419 # 1420 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 1421 # 1422 # Almaty (formerly Alma-Ata), representing most locations in Kazakhstan 1423 Zone Asia/Almaty 5:07:48 - LMT 1924 May 2 # or Alma-Ata 1424 5:00 - ALMT 1930 Jun 21 # Alma-Ata Time 1425 6:00 RussiaAsia ALM%sT 1991 1426 6:00 - ALMT 1992 1427 6:00 RussiaAsia ALM%sT 2005 Mar 15 1428 6:00 - ALMT 1429 # Qyzylorda (aka Kyzylorda, Kizilorda, Kzyl-Orda, etc.) 1430 Zone Asia/Qyzylorda 4:21:52 - LMT 1924 May 2 1431 4:00 - KIZT 1930 Jun 21 # Kizilorda Time 1432 5:00 - KIZT 1981 Apr 1 1433 5:00 1:00 KIZST 1981 Oct 1 1434 6:00 - KIZT 1982 Apr 1 1435 5:00 RussiaAsia KIZ%sT 1991 1436 5:00 - KIZT 1991 Dec 16 # independence 1437 5:00 - QYZT 1992 Jan 19 2:00 1438 6:00 RussiaAsia QYZ%sT 2005 Mar 15 1439 6:00 - QYZT 1440 # Aqtobe (aka Aktobe, formerly Akt'ubinsk) 1441 Zone Asia/Aqtobe 3:48:40 - LMT 1924 May 2 1442 4:00 - AKTT 1930 Jun 21 # Aktyubinsk Time 1443 5:00 - AKTT 1981 Apr 1 1444 5:00 1:00 AKTST 1981 Oct 1 1445 6:00 - AKTT 1982 Apr 1 1446 5:00 RussiaAsia AKT%sT 1991 1447 5:00 - AKTT 1991 Dec 16 # independence 1448 5:00 RussiaAsia AQT%sT 2005 Mar 15 # Aqtobe Time 1449 5:00 - AQTT 1450 # Mangghystau 1451 # Aqtau was not founded until 1963, but it represents an inhabited region, 1452 # so include time stamps before 1963. 1453 Zone Asia/Aqtau 3:21:04 - LMT 1924 May 2 1454 4:00 - FORT 1930 Jun 21 # Fort Shevchenko T 1455 5:00 - FORT 1963 1456 5:00 - SHET 1981 Oct 1 # Shevchenko Time 1457 6:00 - SHET 1982 Apr 1 1458 5:00 RussiaAsia SHE%sT 1991 1459 5:00 - SHET 1991 Dec 16 # independence 1460 5:00 RussiaAsia AQT%sT 1995 Mar lastSun 2:00 # Aqtau Time 1461 4:00 RussiaAsia AQT%sT 2005 Mar 15 1462 5:00 - AQTT 1463 # West Kazakhstan 1464 Zone Asia/Oral 3:25:24 - LMT 1924 May 2 # or Ural'sk 1465 4:00 - URAT 1930 Jun 21 # Ural'sk time 1466 5:00 - URAT 1981 Apr 1 1467 5:00 1:00 URAST 1981 Oct 1 1468 6:00 - URAT 1982 Apr 1 1469 5:00 RussiaAsia URA%sT 1989 Mar 26 2:00 1470 4:00 RussiaAsia URA%sT 1991 1471 4:00 - URAT 1991 Dec 16 # independence 1472 4:00 RussiaAsia ORA%sT 2005 Mar 15 # Oral Time 1473 5:00 - ORAT 1474 1475 # Kyrgyzstan (Kirgizstan) 1476 # Transitions through 1991 are from Shanks & Pottenger. 1477 1478 # From Paul Eggert (2005-08-15): 1479 # According to an article dated today in the Kyrgyzstan Development Gateway 1480 # <http://eng.gateway.kg/cgi-bin/page.pl?id=1&story_name=doc9979.shtml> 1481 # Kyrgyzstan is canceling the daylight saving time system. I take the article 1482 # to mean that they will leave their clocks at 6 hours ahead of UTC. 1483 # From Malik Abdugaliev (2005-09-21): 1484 # Our government cancels daylight saving time 6th of August 2005. 1485 # From 2005-08-12 our GMT-offset is +6, w/o any daylight saving. 1486 1487 # Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 1488 Rule Kyrgyz 1992 1996 - Apr Sun>=7 0:00s 1:00 S 1489 Rule Kyrgyz 1992 1996 - Sep lastSun 0:00 0 - 1490 Rule Kyrgyz 1997 2005 - Mar lastSun 2:30 1:00 S 1491 Rule Kyrgyz 1997 2004 - Oct lastSun 2:30 0 - 1492 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 1493 Zone Asia/Bishkek 4:58:24 - LMT 1924 May 2 1494 5:00 - FRUT 1930 Jun 21 # Frunze Time 1495 6:00 RussiaAsia FRU%sT 1991 Mar 31 2:00s 1496 5:00 1:00 FRUST 1991 Aug 31 2:00 # independence 1497 5:00 Kyrgyz KG%sT 2005 Aug 12 # Kyrgyzstan Time 1498 6:00 - KGT 1499 1500 ############################################################################### 1501 1502 # Korea (North and South) 1503 1504 # From Annie I. Bang (2006-07-10) in 1505 # <http://www.koreaherald.co.kr/SITE/data/html_dir/2006/07/10/200607100012.asp>: 1506 # The Ministry of Commerce, Industry and Energy has already 1507 # commissioned a research project [to reintroduce DST] and has said 1508 # the system may begin as early as 2008.... Korea ran a daylight 1509 # saving program from 1949-61 but stopped it during the 1950-53 Korean War. 1510 1511 # From Shanks & Pottenger: 1512 # Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 1513 Rule ROK 1960 only - May 15 0:00 1:00 D 1514 Rule ROK 1960 only - Sep 13 0:00 0 S 1515 Rule ROK 1987 1988 - May Sun>=8 0:00 1:00 D 1516 Rule ROK 1987 1988 - Oct Sun>=8 0:00 0 S 1517 1518 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 1519 Zone Asia/Seoul 8:27:52 - LMT 1890 1520 8:30 - KST 1904 Dec 1521 9:00 - KST 1928 1522 8:30 - KST 1932 1523 9:00 - KST 1954 Mar 21 1524 8:00 ROK K%sT 1961 Aug 10 1525 8:30 - KST 1968 Oct 1526 9:00 ROK K%sT 1527 Zone Asia/Pyongyang 8:23:00 - LMT 1890 1528 8:30 - KST 1904 Dec 1529 9:00 - KST 1928 1530 8:30 - KST 1932 1531 9:00 - KST 1954 Mar 21 1532 8:00 - KST 1961 Aug 10 1533 9:00 - KST 1534 1535 ############################################################################### 1536 1537 # Kuwait 1538 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 1539 # From the Arab Times (2007-03-14): 1540 # The Civil Service Commission (CSC) has approved a proposal forwarded 1541 # by MP Ahmad Baqer on implementing the daylight saving time (DST) in 1542 # Kuwait starting from April until the end of Sept this year, reports Al-Anba. 1543 # <http://www.arabtimesonline.com/arabtimes/kuwait/Viewdet.asp?ID=9950>. 1544 # From Paul Eggert (2007-03-29): 1545 # We don't know the details, or whether the approval means it'll happen, 1546 # so for now we assume no DST. 1547 Zone Asia/Kuwait 3:11:56 - LMT 1950 1548 3:00 - AST 1549 1550 # Laos 1551 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 1552 Zone Asia/Vientiane 6:50:24 - LMT 1906 Jun 9 # or Viangchan 1553 7:06:20 - SMT 1911 Mar 11 0:01 # Saigon MT? 1554 7:00 - ICT 1912 May 1555 8:00 - ICT 1931 May 1556 7:00 - ICT 1557 1558 # Lebanon 1559 # Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 1560 Rule Lebanon 1920 only - Mar 28 0:00 1:00 S 1561 Rule Lebanon 1920 only - Oct 25 0:00 0 - 1562 Rule Lebanon 1921 only - Apr 3 0:00 1:00 S 1563 Rule Lebanon 1921 only - Oct 3 0:00 0 - 1564 Rule Lebanon 1922 only - Mar 26 0:00 1:00 S 1565 Rule Lebanon 1922 only - Oct 8 0:00 0 - 1566 Rule Lebanon 1923 only - Apr 22 0:00 1:00 S 1567 Rule Lebanon 1923 only - Sep 16 0:00 0 - 1568 Rule Lebanon 1957 1961 - May 1 0:00 1:00 S 1569 Rule Lebanon 1957 1961 - Oct 1 0:00 0 - 1570 Rule Lebanon 1972 only - Jun 22 0:00 1:00 S 1571 Rule Lebanon 1972 1977 - Oct 1 0:00 0 - 1572 Rule Lebanon 1973 1977 - May 1 0:00 1:00 S 1573 Rule Lebanon 1978 only - Apr 30 0:00 1:00 S 1574 Rule Lebanon 1978 only - Sep 30 0:00 0 - 1575 Rule Lebanon 1984 1987 - May 1 0:00 1:00 S 1576 Rule Lebanon 1984 1991 - Oct 16 0:00 0 - 1577 Rule Lebanon 1988 only - Jun 1 0:00 1:00 S 1578 Rule Lebanon 1989 only - May 10 0:00 1:00 S 1579 Rule Lebanon 1990 1992 - May 1 0:00 1:00 S 1580 Rule Lebanon 1992 only - Oct 4 0:00 0 - 1581 Rule Lebanon 1993 max - Mar lastSun 0:00 1:00 S 1582 Rule Lebanon 1993 1998 - Sep lastSun 0:00 0 - 1583 Rule Lebanon 1999 max - Oct lastSun 0:00 0 - 1584 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 1585 Zone Asia/Beirut 2:22:00 - LMT 1880 1586 2:00 Lebanon EE%sT 1587 1588 # Malaysia 1589 # Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 1590 Rule NBorneo 1935 1941 - Sep 14 0:00 0:20 TS # one-Third Summer 1591 Rule NBorneo 1935 1941 - Dec 14 0:00 0 - 1592 # 1593 # peninsular Malaysia 1594 # The data here are taken from Mok Ly Yng (2003-10-30) 1595 # <http://www.math.nus.edu.sg/aslaksen/teaching/timezone.html>. 1596 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 1597 Zone Asia/Kuala_Lumpur 6:46:46 - LMT 1901 Jan 1 1598 6:55:25 - SMT 1905 Jun 1 # Singapore M.T. 1599 7:00 - MALT 1933 Jan 1 # Malaya Time 1600 7:00 0:20 MALST 1936 Jan 1 1601 7:20 - MALT 1941 Sep 1 1602 7:30 - MALT 1942 Feb 16 1603 9:00 - JST 1945 Sep 12 1604 7:30 - MALT 1982 Jan 1 1605 8:00 - MYT # Malaysia Time 1606 # Sabah & Sarawak 1607 # From Paul Eggert (2006-03-22): 1608 # The data here are mostly from Shanks & Pottenger, but the 1942, 1945 and 1982 1609 # transition dates are from Mok Ly Yng. 1610 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 1611 Zone Asia/Kuching 7:21:20 - LMT 1926 Mar 1612 7:30 - BORT 1933 # Borneo Time 1613 8:00 NBorneo BOR%sT 1942 Feb 16 1614 9:00 - JST 1945 Sep 12 1615 8:00 - BORT 1982 Jan 1 1616 8:00 - MYT 1617 1618 # Maldives 1619 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 1620 Zone Indian/Maldives 4:54:00 - LMT 1880 # Male 1621 4:54:00 - MMT 1960 # Male Mean Time 1622 5:00 - MVT # Maldives Time 1623 1624 # Mongolia 1625 1626 # Shanks & Pottenger say that Mongolia has three time zones, but 1627 # usno1995 and the CIA map Standard Time Zones of the World (2005-03) 1628 # both say that it has just one. 1629 1630 # From Oscar van Vlijmen (1999-12-11): 1631 # <a href="http://www.mongoliatourism.gov.mn/general.htm"> 1632 # General Information Mongolia 1633 # </a> (1999-09) 1634 # "Time: Mongolia has two time zones. Three westernmost provinces of 1635 # Bayan-Ulgii, Uvs, and Hovd are one hour earlier than the capital city, and 1636 # the rest of the country follows the Ulaanbaatar time, which is UTC/GMT plus 1637 # eight hours." 1638 1639 # From Rives McDow (1999-12-13): 1640 # Mongolia discontinued the use of daylight savings time in 1999; 1998 1641 # being the last year it was implemented. The dates of implementation I am 1642 # unsure of, but most probably it was similar to Russia, except for the time 1643 # of implementation may have been different.... 1644 # Some maps in the past have indicated that there was an additional time 1645 # zone in the eastern part of Mongolia, including the provinces of Dornod, 1646 # Suhbaatar, and possibly Khentij. 1647 1648 # From Paul Eggert (1999-12-15): 1649 # Naming and spelling is tricky in Mongolia. 1650 # We'll use Hovd (also spelled Chovd and Khovd) to represent the west zone; 1651 # the capital of the Hovd province is sometimes called Hovd, sometimes Dund-Us, 1652 # and sometimes Jirgalanta (with variant spellings), but the name Hovd 1653 # is good enough for our purposes. 1654 1655 # From Rives McDow (2001-05-13): 1656 # In addition to Mongolia starting daylight savings as reported earlier 1657 # (adopted DST on 2001-04-27 02:00 local time, ending 2001-09-28), 1658 # there are three time zones. 1659 # 1660 # Provinces [at 7:00]: Bayan-ulgii, Uvs, Khovd, Zavkhan, Govi-Altai 1661 # Provinces [at 8:00]: Khovsgol, Bulgan, Arkhangai, Khentii, Tov, 1662 # Bayankhongor, Ovorkhangai, Dundgovi, Dornogovi, Omnogovi 1663 # Provinces [at 9:00]: Dornod, Sukhbaatar 1664 # 1665 # [The province of Selenge is omitted from the above lists.] 1666 1667 # From Ganbold Ts., Ulaanbaatar (2004-04-17): 1668 # Daylight saving occurs at 02:00 local time last Saturday of March. 1669 # It will change back to normal at 02:00 local time last Saturday of 1670 # September.... As I remember this rule was changed in 2001. 1671 # 1672 # From Paul Eggert (2004-04-17): 1673 # For now, assume Rives McDow's informant got confused about Friday vs 1674 # Saturday, and that his 2001 dates should have 1 added to them. 1675 1676 # From Paul Eggert (2005-07-26): 1677 # We have wildly conflicting information about Mongolia's time zones. 1678 # Bill Bonnet (2005-05-19) reports that the US Embassy in Ulaanbaatar says 1679 # there is only one time zone and that DST is observed, citing Microsoft 1680 # Windows XP as the source. Risto Nykanen (2005-05-16) reports that 1681 # travelmongolia.org says there are two time zones (UTC+7, UTC+8) with no DST. 1682 # Oscar van Vlijmen (2005-05-20) reports that the Mongolian Embassy in 1683 # Washington, DC says there are two time zones, with DST observed. 1684 # He also found 1685 # <http://ubpost.mongolnews.mn/index.php?subaction=showcomments&id=1111634894&archive=&start_from=&ucat=1&> 1686 # which also says that there is DST, and which has a comment by "Toddius" 1687 # (2005-03-31 06:05 +0700) saying "Mongolia actually has 3.5 time zones. 1688 # The West (OLGII) is +7 GMT, most of the country is ULAT is +8 GMT 1689 # and some Eastern provinces are +9 GMT but Sukhbaatar Aimag is SUHK +8.5 GMT. 1690 # The SUKH timezone is new this year, it is one of the few things the 1691 # parliament passed during the tumultuous winter session." 1692 # For now, let's ignore this information, until we have more confirmation. 1693 1694 # From Ganbold Ts. (2007-02-26): 1695 # Parliament of Mongolia has just changed the daylight-saving rule in February. 1696 # They decided not to adopt daylight-saving time.... 1697 # http://www.mongolnews.mn/index.php?module=unuudur&sec=view&id=15742 1698 1699 # From Deborah Goldsmith (2008-03-30): 1700 # We received a bug report claiming that the tz database UTC offset for 1701 # Asia/Choibalsan (GMT+09:00) is incorrect, and that it should be GMT 1702 # +08:00 instead. Different sources appear to disagree with the tz 1703 # database on this, e.g.: 1704 # 1705 # <a href="http://www.timeanddate.com/worldclock/city.html?n=1026"> 1706 # http://www.timeanddate.com/worldclock/city.html?n=1026 1707 # </a> 1708 # <a href="http://www.worldtimeserver.com/current_time_in_MN.aspx"> 1709 # http://www.worldtimeserver.com/current_time_in_MN.aspx 1710 # </a> 1711 # 1712 # both say GMT+08:00. 1713 1714 # From Steffen Thorsen (2008-03-31): 1715 # eznis airways, which operates several domestic flights, has a flight 1716 # schedule here: 1717 # <a href="http://www.eznis.com/Container.jsp?id=112"> 1718 # http://www.eznis.com/Container.jsp?id=112 1719 # </a> 1720 # (click the English flag for English) 1721 # 1722 # There it appears that flights between Choibalsan and Ulaanbatar arrive 1723 # about 1:35 - 1:50 hours later in local clock time, no matter the 1724 # direction, while Ulaanbaatar-Khvod takes 2 hours in the Eastern 1725 # direction and 3:35 back, which indicates that Ulaanbatar and Khvod are 1726 # in different time zones (like we know about), while Choibalsan and 1727 # Ulaanbatar are in the same time zone (correction needed). 1728 1729 # From Arthur David Olson (2008-05-19): 1730 # Assume that Choibalsan is indeed offset by 8:00. 1731 # XXX--in the absence of better information, assume that transition 1732 # was at the start of 2008-03-31 (the day of Steffen Thorsen's report); 1733 # this is almost surely wrong. 1734 1735 # Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 1736 Rule Mongol 1983 1984 - Apr 1 0:00 1:00 S 1737 Rule Mongol 1983 only - Oct 1 0:00 0 - 1738 # Shanks & Pottenger and IATA SSIM say 1990s switches occurred at 00:00, 1739 # but McDow says the 2001 switches occurred at 02:00. Also, IATA SSIM 1740 # (1996-09) says 1996-10-25. Go with Shanks & Pottenger through 1998. 1741 # 1742 # Shanks & Pottenger say that the Sept. 1984 through Sept. 1990 switches 1743 # in Choibalsan (more precisely, in Dornod and Sukhbaatar) took place 1744 # at 02:00 standard time, not at 00:00 local time as in the rest of 1745 # the country. That would be odd, and possibly is a result of their 1746 # correction of 02:00 (in the previous edition) not being done correctly 1747 # in the latest edition; so ignore it for now. 1748 1749 Rule Mongol 1985 1998 - Mar lastSun 0:00 1:00 S 1750 Rule Mongol 1984 1998 - Sep lastSun 0:00 0 - 1751 # IATA SSIM (1999-09) says Mongolia no longer observes DST. 1752 Rule Mongol 2001 only - Apr lastSat 2:00 1:00 S 1753 Rule Mongol 2001 2006 - Sep lastSat 2:00 0 - 1754 Rule Mongol 2002 2006 - Mar lastSat 2:00 1:00 S 1755 1756 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 1757 # Hovd, a.k.a. Chovd, Dund-Us, Dzhargalant, Khovd, Jirgalanta 1758 Zone Asia/Hovd 6:06:36 - LMT 1905 Aug 1759 6:00 - HOVT 1978 # Hovd Time 1760 7:00 Mongol HOV%sT 1761 # Ulaanbaatar, a.k.a. Ulan Bataar, Ulan Bator, Urga 1762 Zone Asia/Ulaanbaatar 7:07:32 - LMT 1905 Aug 1763 7:00 - ULAT 1978 # Ulaanbaatar Time 1764 8:00 Mongol ULA%sT 1765 # Choibalsan, a.k.a. Bajan Tuemen, Bajan Tumen, Chojbalsan, 1766 # Choybalsan, Sanbejse, Tchoibalsan 1767 Zone Asia/Choibalsan 7:38:00 - LMT 1905 Aug 1768 7:00 - ULAT 1978 1769 8:00 - ULAT 1983 Apr 1770 9:00 Mongol CHO%sT 2008 Mar 31 # Choibalsan Time 1771 8:00 Mongol CHO%sT 1772 1773 # Nepal 1774 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 1775 Zone Asia/Kathmandu 5:41:16 - LMT 1920 1776 5:30 - IST 1986 1777 5:45 - NPT # Nepal Time 1778 1779 # Oman 1780 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 1781 Zone Asia/Muscat 3:54:20 - LMT 1920 1782 4:00 - GST 1783 1784 # Pakistan 1785 1786 # From Rives McDow (2002-03-13): 1787 # I have been advised that Pakistan has decided to adopt dst on a 1788 # TRIAL basis for one year, starting 00:01 local time on April 7, 2002 1789 # and ending at 00:01 local time October 6, 2002. This is what I was 1790 # told, but I believe that the actual time of change may be 00:00; the 1791 # 00:01 was to make it clear which day it was on. 1792 1793 # From Paul Eggert (2002-03-15): 1794 # Jesper Norgaard found this URL: 1795 # http://www.pak.gov.pk/public/news/app/app06_dec.htm 1796 # (dated 2001-12-06) which says that the Cabinet adopted a scheme "to 1797 # advance the clocks by one hour on the night between the first 1798 # Saturday and Sunday of April and revert to the original position on 1799 # 15th October each year". This agrees with McDow's 04-07 at 00:00, 1800 # but disagrees about the October transition, and makes it sound like 1801 # it's not on a trial basis. Also, the "between the first Saturday 1802 # and Sunday of April" phrase, if taken literally, means that the 1803 # transition takes place at 00:00 on the first Sunday on or after 04-02. 1804 1805 # From Paul Eggert (2003-02-09): 1806 # DAWN <http://www.dawn.com/2002/10/06/top13.htm> reported on 2002-10-05 1807 # that 2002 DST ended that day at midnight. Go with McDow for now. 1808 1809 # From Steffen Thorsen (2003-03-14): 1810 # According to http://www.dawn.com/2003/03/07/top15.htm 1811 # there will be no DST in Pakistan this year: 1812 # 1813 # ISLAMABAD, March 6: Information and Media Development Minister Sheikh 1814 # Rashid Ahmed on Thursday said the cabinet had reversed a previous 1815 # decision to advance clocks by one hour in summer and put them back by 1816 # one hour in winter with the aim of saving light hours and energy. 1817 # 1818 # The minister told a news conference that the experiment had rather 1819 # shown 8 per cent higher consumption of electricity. 1820 1821 # From Alex Krivenyshev (2008-05-15): 1822 # 1823 # Here is an article that Pakistan plan to introduce Daylight Saving Time 1824 # on June 1, 2008 for 3 months. 1825 # 1826 # "... The federal cabinet on Wednesday announced a new conservation plan to help 1827 # reduce load shedding by approving the closure of commercial centres at 9pm and 1828 # moving clocks forward by one hour for the next three months. 1829 # ...." 1830 # 1831 # <a href="http://www.worldtimezone.net/dst_news/dst_news_pakistan01.html"> 1832 # http://www.worldtimezone.net/dst_news/dst_news_pakistan01.html 1833 # </a> 1834 # OR 1835 # <a href="http://www.dailytimes.com.pk/default.asp?page=2008%5C05%5C15%5Cstory_15-5-2008_pg1_4"> 1836 # http://www.dailytimes.com.pk/default.asp?page=2008%5C05%5C15%5Cstory_15-5-2008_pg1_4 1837 # </a> 1838 1839 # From Arthur David Olson (2008-05-19): 1840 # XXX--midnight transitions is a guess; 2008 only is a guess. 1841 1842 # From Alexander Krivenyshev (2008-08-28): 1843 # Pakistan government has decided to keep the watches one-hour advanced 1844 # for another 2 months--plan to return to Standard Time on October 31 1845 # instead of August 31. 1846 # 1847 # <a href="http://www.worldtimezone.com/dst_news/dst_news_pakistan02.html"> 1848 # http://www.worldtimezone.com/dst_news/dst_news_pakistan02.html 1849 # </a> 1850 # OR 1851 # <a href="http://dailymailnews.com/200808/28/news/dmbrn03.html"> 1852 # http://dailymailnews.com/200808/28/news/dmbrn03.html 1853 # </a> 1854 1855 # From Alexander Krivenyshev (2009-04-08): 1856 # Based on previous media reports that "... proposed plan to 1857 # advance clocks by one hour from May 1 will cause disturbance 1858 # to the working schedules rather than bringing discipline in 1859 # official working." 1860 # <a href="http://www.thenews.com.pk/daily_detail.asp?id=171280"> 1861 # http://www.thenews.com.pk/daily_detail.asp?id=171280 1862 # </a> 1863 # 1864 # recent news that instead of May 2009 - Pakistan plan to 1865 # introduce DST from April 15, 2009 1866 # 1867 # FYI: Associated Press Of Pakistan 1868 # April 08, 2009 1869 # Cabinet okays proposal to advance clocks by one hour from April 15 1870 # <a href="http://www.app.com.pk/en_/index.php?option=com_content&task=view&id=73043&Itemid=1"> 1871 # http://www.app.com.pk/en_/index.php?option=com_content&task=view&id=73043&Itemid=1 1872 # </a> 1873 # 1874 # or 1875 # 1876 # <a href="http://www.worldtimezone.com/dst_news/dst_news_pakistan05.html"> 1877 # http://www.worldtimezone.com/dst_news/dst_news_pakistan05.html 1878 # </a> 1879 # 1880 # .... 1881 # The Federal Cabinet on Wednesday approved the proposal to 1882 # advance clocks in the country by one hour from April 15 to 1883 # conserve energy" 1884 1885 # From Steffen Thorsen (2009-09-17): 1886 # "The News International," Pakistan reports that: "The Federal 1887 # Government has decided to restore the previous time by moving the 1888 # clocks backward by one hour from October 1. A formal announcement to 1889 # this effect will be made after the Prime Minister grants approval in 1890 # this regard." 1891 # <a href="http://www.thenews.com.pk/updates.asp?id=87168"> 1892 # http://www.thenews.com.pk/updates.asp?id=87168 1893 # </a> 1894 1895 # From Alexander Krivenyshev (2009-09-28): 1896 # According to Associated Press Of Pakistan, it is confirmed that 1897 # Pakistan clocks across the country would be turned back by an hour from October 1898 # 1, 2009. 1899 # 1900 # "Clocks to go back one hour from 1 Oct" 1901 # <a href="http://www.app.com.pk/en_/index.php?option=com_content&task=view&id=86715&Itemid=2"> 1902 # http://www.app.com.pk/en_/index.php?option=com_content&task=view&id=86715&Itemid=2 1903 # </a> 1904 # or 1905 # <a href="http://www.worldtimezone.com/dst_news/dst_news_pakistan07.htm"> 1906 # http://www.worldtimezone.com/dst_news/dst_news_pakistan07.htm 1907 # </a> 1908 1909 # From Steffen Thorsen (2009-09-29): 1910 # Alexander Krivenyshev wrote: 1911 # > According to Associated Press Of Pakistan, it is confirmed that 1912 # > Pakistan clocks across the country would be turned back by an hour from October 1913 # > 1, 2009. 1914 # 1915 # Now they seem to have changed their mind, November 1 is the new date: 1916 # <a href="http://www.thenews.com.pk/top_story_detail.asp?Id=24742"> 1917 # http://www.thenews.com.pk/top_story_detail.asp?Id=24742 1918 # </a> 1919 # "The country's clocks will be reversed by one hour on November 1. 1920 # Officials of Federal Ministry for Interior told this to Geo News on 1921 # Monday." 1922 # 1923 # And more importantly, it seems that these dates will be kept every year: 1924 # "It has now been decided that clocks will be wound forward by one hour 1925 # on April 15 and reversed by an hour on November 1 every year without 1926 # obtaining prior approval, the officials added." 1927 # 1928 # We have confirmed this year's end date with both with the Ministry of 1929 # Water and Power and the Pakistan Electric Power Company: 1930 # <a href="http://www.timeanddate.com/news/time/pakistan-ends-dst09.html"> 1931 # http://www.timeanddate.com/news/time/pakistan-ends-dst09.html 1932 # </a> 1933 1934 # From Christoph Goehre (2009-10-01): 1935 # [T]he German Consulate General in Karachi reported me today that Pakistan 1936 # will go back to standard time on 1st of November. 1937 1938 # From Steffen Thorsen (2010-03-26): 1939 # Steffen Thorsen wrote: 1940 # > On Thursday (2010-03-25) it was announced that DST would start in 1941 # > Pakistan on 2010-04-01. 1942 # > 1943 # > Then today, the president said that they might have to revert the 1944 # > decision if it is not supported by the parliament. So at the time 1945 # > being, it seems unclear if DST will be actually observed or not - but 1946 # > April 1 could be a more likely date than April 15. 1947 # Now, it seems that the decision to not observe DST in final: 1948 # 1949 # "Govt Withdraws Plan To Advance Clocks" 1950 # <a href="http://www.apakistannews.com/govt-withdraws-plan-to-advance-clocks-172041"> 1951 # http://www.apakistannews.com/govt-withdraws-plan-to-advance-clocks-172041 1952 # </a> 1953 # 1954 # "People laud PM's announcement to end DST" 1955 # <a href="http://www.app.com.pk/en_/index.php?option=com_content&task=view&id=99374&Itemid=2"> 1956 # http://www.app.com.pk/en_/index.php?option=com_content&task=view&id=99374&Itemid=2 1957 # </a> 1958 1959 # Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 1960 Rule Pakistan 2002 only - Apr Sun>=2 0:01 1:00 S 1961 Rule Pakistan 2002 only - Oct Sun>=2 0:01 0 - 1962 Rule Pakistan 2008 only - Jun 1 0:00 1:00 S 1963 Rule Pakistan 2008 only - Nov 1 0:00 0 - 1964 Rule Pakistan 2009 only - Apr 15 0:00 1:00 S 1965 Rule Pakistan 2009 only - Nov 1 0:00 0 - 1966 1967 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 1968 Zone Asia/Karachi 4:28:12 - LMT 1907 1969 5:30 - IST 1942 Sep 1970 5:30 1:00 IST 1945 Oct 15 1971 5:30 - IST 1951 Sep 30 1972 5:00 - KART 1971 Mar 26 # Karachi Time 1973 5:00 Pakistan PK%sT # Pakistan Time 1974 1975 # Palestine 1976 1977 # From Amos Shapir (1998-02-15): 1978 # 1979 # From 1917 until 1948-05-15, all of Palestine, including the parts now 1980 # known as the Gaza Strip and the West Bank, was under British rule. 1981 # Therefore the rules given for Israel for that period, apply there too... 1982 # 1983 # The Gaza Strip was under Egyptian rule between 1948-05-15 until 1967-06-05 1984 # (except a short occupation by Israel from 1956-11 till 1957-03, but no 1985 # time zone was affected then). It was never formally annexed to Egypt, 1986 # though. 1987 # 1988 # The rest of Palestine was under Jordanian rule at that time, formally 1989 # annexed in 1950 as the West Bank (and the word "Trans" was dropped from 1990 # the country's previous name of "the Hashemite Kingdom of the 1991 # Trans-Jordan"). So the rules for Jordan for that time apply. Major 1992 # towns in that area are Nablus (Shchem), El-Halil (Hebron), Ramallah, and 1993 # East Jerusalem. 1994 # 1995 # Both areas were occupied by Israel in June 1967, but not annexed (except 1996 # for East Jerusalem). They were on Israel time since then; there might 1997 # have been a Military Governor's order about time zones, but I'm not aware 1998 # of any (such orders may have been issued semi-annually whenever summer 1999 # time was in effect, but maybe the legal aspect of time was just neglected). 2000 # 2001 # The Palestinian Authority was established in 1993, and got hold of most 2002 # towns in the West Bank and Gaza by 1995. I know that in order to 2003 # demonstrate...independence, they have been switching to 2004 # summer time and back on a different schedule than Israel's, but I don't 2005 # know when this was started, or what algorithm is used (most likely the 2006 # Jordanian one). 2007 # 2008 # To summarize, the table should probably look something like that: 2009 # 2010 # Area \ when | 1918-1947 | 1948-1967 | 1967-1995 | 1996- 2011 # ------------+-----------+-----------+-----------+----------- 2012 # Israel | Zion | Zion | Zion | Zion 2013 # West bank | Zion | Jordan | Zion | Jordan 2014 # Gaza | Zion | Egypt | Zion | Jordan 2015 # 2016 # I guess more info may be available from the PA's web page (if/when they 2017 # have one). 2018 2019 # From Paul Eggert (2006-03-22): 2020 # Shanks & Pottenger write that Gaza did not observe DST until 1957, but go 2021 # with Shapir and assume that it observed DST from 1940 through 1947, 2022 # and that it used Jordanian rules starting in 1996. 2023 # We don't yet need a separate entry for the West Bank, since 2024 # the only differences between it and Gaza that we know about 2025 # occurred before our cutoff date of 1970. 2026 # However, as we get more information, we may need to add entries 2027 # for parts of the West Bank as they transitioned from Israel's rules 2028 # to Palestine's rules. If you have more info about this, please 2029 # send it to tz (a] elsie.nci.nih.gov for incorporation into future editions. 2030 2031 # From IINS News Service - Israel - 1998-03-23 10:38:07 Israel time, 2032 # forwarded by Ephraim Silverberg: 2033 # 2034 # Despite the fact that Israel changed over to daylight savings time 2035 # last week, the PLO Authority (PA) has decided not to turn its clocks 2036 # one-hour forward at this time. As a sign of independence from Israeli rule, 2037 # the PA has decided to implement DST in April. 2038 2039 # From Paul Eggert (1999-09-20): 2040 # Daoud Kuttab writes in 2041 # <a href="http://www.jpost.com/com/Archive/22.Apr.1999/Opinion/Article-2.html"> 2042 # Holiday havoc 2043 # </a> (Jerusalem Post, 1999-04-22) that 2044 # the Palestinian National Authority changed to DST on 1999-04-15. 2045 # I vaguely recall that they switch back in October (sorry, forgot the source). 2046 # For now, let's assume that the spring switch was at 24:00, 2047 # and that they switch at 0:00 on the 3rd Fridays of April and October. 2048 2049 # From Paul Eggert (2005-11-22): 2050 # Starting 2004 transitions are from Steffen Thorsen's web site timeanddate.com. 2051 2052 # From Steffen Thorsen (2005-11-23): 2053 # A user from Gaza reported that Gaza made the change early because of 2054 # the Ramadan. Next year Ramadan will be even earlier, so I think 2055 # there is a good chance next year's end date will be around two weeks 2056 # earlier--the same goes for Jordan. 2057 2058 # From Steffen Thorsen (2006-08-17): 2059 # I was informed by a user in Bethlehem that in Bethlehem it started the 2060 # same day as Israel, and after checking with other users in the area, I 2061 # was informed that they started DST one day after Israel. I was not 2062 # able to find any authoritative sources at the time, nor details if 2063 # Gaza changed as well, but presumed Gaza to follow the same rules as 2064 # the West Bank. 2065 2066 # From Steffen Thorsen (2006-09-26): 2067 # according to the Palestine News Network (2006-09-19): 2068 # http://english.pnn.ps/index.php?option=com_content&task=view&id=596&Itemid=5 2069 # > The Council of Ministers announced that this year its winter schedule 2070 # > will begin early, as of midnight Thursday. It is also time to turn 2071 # > back the clocks for winter. Friday will begin an hour late this week. 2072 # I guess it is likely that next year's date will be moved as well, 2073 # because of the Ramadan. 2074 2075 # From Jesper Norgaard Welen (2007-09-18): 2076 # According to Steffen Thorsen's web site the Gaza Strip and the rest of the 2077 # Palestinian territories left DST early on 13.th. of September at 2:00. 2078 2079 # From Paul Eggert (2007-09-20): 2080 # My understanding is that Gaza and the West Bank disagree even over when 2081 # the weekend is (Thursday+Friday versus Friday+Saturday), so I'd be a bit 2082 # surprised if they agreed about DST. But for now, assume they agree. 2083 # For lack of better information, predict that future changes will be 2084 # the 2nd Thursday of September at 02:00. 2085 2086 # From Alexander Krivenyshev (2008-08-28): 2087 # Here is an article, that Mideast running on different clocks at Ramadan. 2088 # 2089 # Gaza Strip (as Egypt) ended DST at midnight Thursday (Aug 28, 2008), while 2090 # the West Bank will end Daylight Saving Time at midnight Sunday (Aug 31, 2008). 2091 # 2092 # <a href="http://www.guardian.co.uk/world/feedarticle/7759001"> 2093 # http://www.guardian.co.uk/world/feedarticle/7759001 2094 # </a> 2095 # <a href="http://www.abcnews.go.com/International/wireStory?id=5676087"> 2096 # http://www.abcnews.go.com/International/wireStory?id=5676087 2097 # </a> 2098 # or 2099 # <a href="http://www.worldtimezone.com/dst_news/dst_news_gazastrip01.html"> 2100 # http://www.worldtimezone.com/dst_news/dst_news_gazastrip01.html 2101 # </a> 2102 2103 # From Alexander Krivenyshev (2009-03-26): 2104 # According to the Palestine News Network (arabic.pnn.ps), Palestinian 2105 # government decided to start Daylight Time on Thursday night March 2106 # 26 and continue until the night of 27 September 2009. 2107 # 2108 # (in Arabic) 2109 # <a href="http://arabic.pnn.ps/index.php?option=com_content&task=view&id=50850"> 2110 # http://arabic.pnn.ps/index.php?option=com_content&task=view&id=50850 2111 # </a> 2112 # 2113 # or 2114 # (English translation) 2115 # <a href="http://www.worldtimezone.com/dst_news/dst_news_westbank01.html"> 2116 # http://www.worldtimezone.com/dst_news/dst_news_westbank01.html 2117 # </a> 2118 2119 # From Steffen Thorsen (2009-08-31): 2120 # Palestine's Council of Ministers announced that they will revert back to 2121 # winter time on Friday, 2009-09-04. 2122 # 2123 # One news source: 2124 # <a href="http://www.safa.ps/ara/?action=showdetail&seid=4158"> 2125 # http://www.safa.ps/ara/?action=showdetail&seid=4158 2126 # </a> 2127 # (Palestinian press agency, Arabic), 2128 # Google translate: "Decided that the Palestinian government in Ramallah 2129 # headed by Salam Fayyad, the start of work in time for the winter of 2130 # 2009, starting on Friday approved the fourth delay Sept. clock sixty 2131 # minutes per hour as of Friday morning." 2132 # 2133 # We are not sure if Gaza will do the same, last year they had a different 2134 # end date, we will keep this page updated: 2135 # <a href="http://www.timeanddate.com/news/time/westbank-gaza-dst-2009.html"> 2136 # http://www.timeanddate.com/news/time/westbank-gaza-dst-2009.html 2137 # </a> 2138 2139 # From Alexander Krivenyshev (2009-09-02): 2140 # Seems that Gaza Strip will go back to Winter Time same date as West Bank. 2141 # 2142 # According to Palestinian Ministry Of Interior, West Bank and Gaza Strip plan 2143 # to change time back to Standard time on September 4, 2009. 2144 # 2145 # "Winter time unite the West Bank and Gaza" 2146 # (from Palestinian National Authority): 2147 # <a href="http://www.moi.gov.ps/en/?page=633167343250594025&nid=11505 2148 # http://www.moi.gov.ps/en/?page=633167343250594025&nid=11505 2149 # </a> 2150 # or 2151 # <a href="http://www.worldtimezone.com/dst_news/dst_news_gazastrip02.html> 2152 # http://www.worldtimezone.com/dst_news/dst_news_gazastrip02.html 2153 # </a> 2154 2155 # From Alexander Krivenyshev (2010-03-19): 2156 # According to Voice of Palestine DST will last for 191 days, from March 2157 # 26, 2010 till "the last Sunday before the tenth day of Tishri 2158 # (October), each year" (October 03, 2010?) 2159 # 2160 # <a href="http://palvoice.org/forums/showthread.php?t=245697"> 2161 # http://palvoice.org/forums/showthread.php?t=245697 2162 # </a> 2163 # (in Arabic) 2164 # or 2165 # <a href="http://www.worldtimezone.com/dst_news/dst_news_westbank03.html"> 2166 # http://www.worldtimezone.com/dst_news/dst_news_westbank03.html 2167 # </a> 2168 2169 # From Steffen Thorsen (2010-03-24): 2170 # ...Ma'an News Agency reports that Hamas cabinet has decided it will 2171 # start one day later, at 12:01am. Not sure if they really mean 12:01am or 2172 # noon though: 2173 # 2174 # <a href="http://www.maannews.net/eng/ViewDetails.aspx?ID=271178"> 2175 # http://www.maannews.net/eng/ViewDetails.aspx?ID=271178 2176 # </a> 2177 # (Ma'an News Agency) 2178 # "At 12:01am Friday, clocks in Israel and the West Bank will change to 2179 # 1:01am, while Gaza clocks will change at 12:01am Saturday morning." 2180 2181 # The rules for Egypt are stolen from the `africa' file. 2182 # Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 2183 Rule EgyptAsia 1957 only - May 10 0:00 1:00 S 2184 Rule EgyptAsia 1957 1958 - Oct 1 0:00 0 - 2185 Rule EgyptAsia 1958 only - May 1 0:00 1:00 S 2186 Rule EgyptAsia 1959 1967 - May 1 1:00 1:00 S 2187 Rule EgyptAsia 1959 1965 - Sep 30 3:00 0 - 2188 Rule EgyptAsia 1966 only - Oct 1 3:00 0 - 2189 2190 Rule Palestine 1999 2005 - Apr Fri>=15 0:00 1:00 S 2191 Rule Palestine 1999 2003 - Oct Fri>=15 0:00 0 - 2192 Rule Palestine 2004 only - Oct 1 1:00 0 - 2193 Rule Palestine 2005 only - Oct 4 2:00 0 - 2194 Rule Palestine 2006 2008 - Apr 1 0:00 1:00 S 2195 Rule Palestine 2006 only - Sep 22 0:00 0 - 2196 Rule Palestine 2007 only - Sep Thu>=8 2:00 0 - 2197 Rule Palestine 2008 only - Aug lastFri 2:00 0 - 2198 Rule Palestine 2009 only - Mar lastFri 0:00 1:00 S 2199 Rule Palestine 2010 max - Mar lastSat 0:01 1:00 S 2200 Rule Palestine 2009 max - Sep Fri>=1 2:00 0 - 2201 2202 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 2203 Zone Asia/Gaza 2:17:52 - LMT 1900 Oct 2204 2:00 Zion EET 1948 May 15 2205 2:00 EgyptAsia EE%sT 1967 Jun 5 2206 2:00 Zion I%sT 1996 2207 2:00 Jordan EE%sT 1999 2208 2:00 Palestine EE%sT 2209 2210 # Paracel Is 2211 # no information 2212 2213 # Philippines 2214 # On 1844-08-16, Narciso Claveria, governor-general of the 2215 # Philippines, issued a proclamation announcing that 1844-12-30 was to 2216 # be immediately followed by 1845-01-01. Robert H. van Gent has a 2217 # transcript of the decree in <http://www.phys.uu.nl/~vgent/idl/idl.htm>. 2218 # The rest of the data are from Shanks & Pottenger. 2219 2220 # From Paul Eggert (2006-04-25): 2221 # Tomorrow's Manila Standard reports that the Philippines Department of 2222 # Trade and Industry is considering adopting DST this June when the 2223 # rainy season begins. See 2224 # <http://www.manilastandardtoday.com/?page=politics02_april26_2006>. 2225 # For now, we'll ignore this, since it's not definite and we lack details. 2226 # 2227 # From Jesper Norgaard Welen (2006-04-26): 2228 # ... claims that Philippines had DST last time in 1990: 2229 # http://story.philippinetimes.com/p.x/ct/9/id/145be20cc6b121c0/cid/3e5bbccc730d258c/ 2230 # [a story dated 2006-04-25 by Cris Larano of Dow Jones Newswires, 2231 # but no details] 2232 2233 # Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 2234 Rule Phil 1936 only - Nov 1 0:00 1:00 S 2235 Rule Phil 1937 only - Feb 1 0:00 0 - 2236 Rule Phil 1954 only - Apr 12 0:00 1:00 S 2237 Rule Phil 1954 only - Jul 1 0:00 0 - 2238 Rule Phil 1978 only - Mar 22 0:00 1:00 S 2239 Rule Phil 1978 only - Sep 21 0:00 0 - 2240 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 2241 Zone Asia/Manila -15:56:00 - LMT 1844 Dec 31 2242 8:04:00 - LMT 1899 May 11 2243 8:00 Phil PH%sT 1942 May 2244 9:00 - JST 1944 Nov 2245 8:00 Phil PH%sT 2246 2247 # Qatar 2248 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 2249 Zone Asia/Qatar 3:26:08 - LMT 1920 # Al Dawhah / Doha 2250 4:00 - GST 1972 Jun 2251 3:00 - AST 2252 2253 # Saudi Arabia 2254 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 2255 Zone Asia/Riyadh 3:06:52 - LMT 1950 2256 3:00 - AST 2257 2258 # Singapore 2259 # The data here are taken from Mok Ly Yng (2003-10-30) 2260 # <http://www.math.nus.edu.sg/aslaksen/teaching/timezone.html>. 2261 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 2262 Zone Asia/Singapore 6:55:25 - LMT 1901 Jan 1 2263 6:55:25 - SMT 1905 Jun 1 # Singapore M.T. 2264 7:00 - MALT 1933 Jan 1 # Malaya Time 2265 7:00 0:20 MALST 1936 Jan 1 2266 7:20 - MALT 1941 Sep 1 2267 7:30 - MALT 1942 Feb 16 2268 9:00 - JST 1945 Sep 12 2269 7:30 - MALT 1965 Aug 9 # independence 2270 7:30 - SGT 1982 Jan 1 # Singapore Time 2271 8:00 - SGT 2272 2273 # Spratly Is 2274 # no information 2275 2276 # Sri Lanka 2277 # From Paul Eggert (1996-09-03): 2278 # "Sri Lanka advances clock by an hour to avoid blackout" 2279 # (www.virtual-pc.com/lankaweb/news/items/240596-2.html, 1996-05-24, 2280 # no longer available as of 1999-08-17) 2281 # reported ``the country's standard time will be put forward by one hour at 2282 # midnight Friday (1830 GMT) `in the light of the present power crisis'.'' 2283 # 2284 # From Dharmasiri Senanayake, Sri Lanka Media Minister (1996-10-24), as quoted 2285 # by Shamindra in 2286 # <a href="news:54rka5$m5h (a] mtinsc01-mgt.ops.worldnet.att.net"> 2287 # Daily News - Hot News Section (1996-10-26) 2288 # </a>: 2289 # With effect from 12.30 a.m. on 26th October 1996 2290 # Sri Lanka will be six (06) hours ahead of GMT. 2291 2292 # From Jesper Norgaard Welen (2006-04-14), quoting Sri Lanka News Online 2293 # <http://news.sinhalaya.com/wmview.php?ArtID=11002> (2006-04-13): 2294 # 0030 hrs on April 15, 2006 (midnight of April 14, 2006 +30 minutes) 2295 # at present, become 2400 hours of April 14, 2006 (midnight of April 14, 2006). 2296 2297 # From Peter Apps and Ranga Sirila of Reuters (2006-04-12) in: 2298 # <http://today.reuters.co.uk/news/newsArticle.aspx?type=scienceNews&storyID=2006-04-12T172228Z_01_COL295762_RTRIDST_0_SCIENCE-SRILANKA-TIME-DC.XML> 2299 # [The Tamil Tigers] never accepted the original 1996 time change and simply 2300 # kept their clocks set five and a half hours ahead of Greenwich Mean 2301 # Time (GMT), in line with neighbor India. 2302 # From Paul Eggert (2006-04-18): 2303 # People who live in regions under Tamil control can use [TZ='Asia/Kolkata'], 2304 # as that zone has agreed with the Tamil areas since our cutoff date of 1970. 2305 2306 # From K Sethu (2006-04-25): 2307 # I think the abbreviation LKT originated from the world of computers at 2308 # the time of or subsequent to the time zone changes by SL Government 2309 # twice in 1996 and probably SL Government or its standardization 2310 # agencies never declared an abbreviation as a national standard. 2311 # 2312 # I recollect before the recent change the government annoucemments 2313 # mentioning it as simply changing Sri Lanka Standard Time or Sri Lanka 2314 # Time and no mention was made about the abbreviation. 2315 # 2316 # If we look at Sri Lanka Department of Government's "Official News 2317 # Website of Sri Lanka" ... http://www.news.lk/ we can see that they 2318 # use SLT as abbreviation in time stamp at the beginning of each news 2319 # item.... 2320 # 2321 # Within Sri Lanka I think LKT is well known among computer users and 2322 # adminsitrators. In my opinion SLT may not be a good choice because the 2323 # nation's largest telcom / internet operator Sri Lanka Telcom is well 2324 # known by that abbreviation - simply as SLT (there IP domains are 2325 # slt.lk and sltnet.lk). 2326 # 2327 # But if indeed our government has adopted SLT as standard abbreviation 2328 # (that we have not known so far) then it is better that it be used for 2329 # all computers. 2330 2331 # From Paul Eggert (2006-04-25): 2332 # One possibility is that we wait for a bit for the dust to settle down 2333 # and then see what people actually say in practice. 2334 2335 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 2336 Zone Asia/Colombo 5:19:24 - LMT 1880 2337 5:19:32 - MMT 1906 # Moratuwa Mean Time 2338 5:30 - IST 1942 Jan 5 2339 5:30 0:30 IHST 1942 Sep 2340 5:30 1:00 IST 1945 Oct 16 2:00 2341 5:30 - IST 1996 May 25 0:00 2342 6:30 - LKT 1996 Oct 26 0:30 2343 6:00 - LKT 2006 Apr 15 0:30 2344 5:30 - IST 2345 2346 # Syria 2347 # Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 2348 Rule Syria 1920 1923 - Apr Sun>=15 2:00 1:00 S 2349 Rule Syria 1920 1923 - Oct Sun>=1 2:00 0 - 2350 Rule Syria 1962 only - Apr 29 2:00 1:00 S 2351 Rule Syria 1962 only - Oct 1 2:00 0 - 2352 Rule Syria 1963 1965 - May 1 2:00 1:00 S 2353 Rule Syria 1963 only - Sep 30 2:00 0 - 2354 Rule Syria 1964 only - Oct 1 2:00 0 - 2355 Rule Syria 1965 only - Sep 30 2:00 0 - 2356 Rule Syria 1966 only - Apr 24 2:00 1:00 S 2357 Rule Syria 1966 1976 - Oct 1 2:00 0 - 2358 Rule Syria 1967 1978 - May 1 2:00 1:00 S 2359 Rule Syria 1977 1978 - Sep 1 2:00 0 - 2360 Rule Syria 1983 1984 - Apr 9 2:00 1:00 S 2361 Rule Syria 1983 1984 - Oct 1 2:00 0 - 2362 Rule Syria 1986 only - Feb 16 2:00 1:00 S 2363 Rule Syria 1986 only - Oct 9 2:00 0 - 2364 Rule Syria 1987 only - Mar 1 2:00 1:00 S 2365 Rule Syria 1987 1988 - Oct 31 2:00 0 - 2366 Rule Syria 1988 only - Mar 15 2:00 1:00 S 2367 Rule Syria 1989 only - Mar 31 2:00 1:00 S 2368 Rule Syria 1989 only - Oct 1 2:00 0 - 2369 Rule Syria 1990 only - Apr 1 2:00 1:00 S 2370 Rule Syria 1990 only - Sep 30 2:00 0 - 2371 Rule Syria 1991 only - Apr 1 0:00 1:00 S 2372 Rule Syria 1991 1992 - Oct 1 0:00 0 - 2373 Rule Syria 1992 only - Apr 8 0:00 1:00 S 2374 Rule Syria 1993 only - Mar 26 0:00 1:00 S 2375 Rule Syria 1993 only - Sep 25 0:00 0 - 2376 # IATA SSIM (1998-02) says 1998-04-02; 2377 # (1998-09) says 1999-03-29 and 1999-09-29; (1999-02) says 1999-04-02, 2378 # 2000-04-02, and 2001-04-02; (1999-09) says 2000-03-31 and 2001-03-31; 2379 # (2006) says 2006-03-31 and 2006-09-22; 2380 # for now ignore all these claims and go with Shanks & Pottenger, 2381 # except for the 2006-09-22 claim (which seems right for Ramadan). 2382 Rule Syria 1994 1996 - Apr 1 0:00 1:00 S 2383 Rule Syria 1994 2005 - Oct 1 0:00 0 - 2384 Rule Syria 1997 1998 - Mar lastMon 0:00 1:00 S 2385 Rule Syria 1999 2006 - Apr 1 0:00 1:00 S 2386 # From Stephen Colebourne (2006-09-18): 2387 # According to IATA data, Syria will change DST on 21st September [21:00 UTC] 2388 # this year [only].... This is probably related to Ramadan, like Egypt. 2389 Rule Syria 2006 only - Sep 22 0:00 0 - 2390 # From Paul Eggert (2007-03-29): 2391 # Today the AP reported "Syria will switch to summertime at midnight Thursday." 2392 # http://www.iht.com/articles/ap/2007/03/29/africa/ME-GEN-Syria-Time-Change.php 2393 Rule Syria 2007 only - Mar lastFri 0:00 1:00 S 2394 # From Jesper Norgard (2007-10-27): 2395 # The sister center ICARDA of my work CIMMYT is confirming that Syria DST will 2396 # not take place 1.st November at 0:00 o'clock but 1.st November at 24:00 or 2397 # rather Midnight between Thursday and Friday. This does make more sence than 2398 # having it between Wednesday and Thursday (two workdays in Syria) since the 2399 # weekend in Syria is not Saturday and Sunday, but Friday and Saturday. So now 2400 # it is implemented at midnight of the last workday before weekend... 2401 # 2402 # From Steffen Thorsen (2007-10-27): 2403 # Jesper Norgaard Welen wrote: 2404 # 2405 # > "Winter local time in Syria will be observed at midnight of Thursday 1 2406 # > November 2007, and the clock will be put back 1 hour." 2407 # 2408 # I found confirmation on this in this gov.sy-article (Arabic): 2409 # http://wehda.alwehda.gov.sy/_print_veiw.asp?FileName=12521710520070926111247 2410 # 2411 # which using Google's translate tools says: 2412 # Council of Ministers also approved the commencement of work on 2413 # identifying the winter time as of Friday, 2/11/2007 where the 60th 2414 # minute delay at midnight Thursday 1/11/2007. 2415 Rule Syria 2007 only - Nov Fri>=1 0:00 0 - 2416 2417 # From Stephen Colebourne (2008-03-17): 2418 # For everyone's info, I saw an IATA time zone change for [Syria] for 2419 # this month (March 2008) in the last day or so...This is the data IATA 2420 # are now using: 2421 # Country Time Standard --- DST Start --- --- DST End --- DST 2422 # Name Zone Variation Time Date Time Date 2423 # Variation 2424 # Syrian Arab 2425 # Republic SY +0200 2200 03APR08 2100 30SEP08 +0300 2426 # 2200 02APR09 2100 30SEP09 +0300 2427 # 2200 01APR10 2100 30SEP10 +0300 2428 2429 # From Arthur David Olson (2008-03-17): 2430 # Here's a link to English-language coverage by the Syrian Arab News 2431 # Agency (SANA)... 2432 # <a href="http://www.sana.sy/eng/21/2008/03/11/165173.htm"> 2433 # http://www.sana.sy/eng/21/2008/03/11/165173.htm 2434 # </a>...which reads (in part) "The Cabinet approved the suggestion of the 2435 # Ministry of Electricity to begin daylight savings time on Friday April 2436 # 4th, advancing clocks one hour ahead on midnight of Thursday April 3rd." 2437 # Since Syria is two hours east of UTC, the 2200 and 2100 transition times 2438 # shown above match up with midnight in Syria. 2439 2440 # From Arthur David Olson (2008-03-18): 2441 # My buest guess at a Syrian rule is "the Friday nearest April 1"; 2442 # coding that involves either using a "Mar Fri>=29" construct that old time zone 2443 # compilers can't handle or having multiple Rules (a la Israel). 2444 # For now, use "Apr Fri>=1", and go with IATA on a uniform Sep 30 end. 2445 2446 # From Steffen Thorsen (2008-10-07): 2447 # Syria has now officially decided to end DST on 2008-11-01 this year, 2448 # according to the following article in the Syrian Arab News Agency (SANA). 2449 # 2450 # The article is in Arabic, and seems to tell that they will go back to 2451 # winter time on 2008-11-01 at 00:00 local daylight time (delaying/setting 2452 # clocks back 60 minutes). 2453 # 2454 # <a href="http://sana.sy/ara/2/2008/10/07/195459.htm"> 2455 # http://sana.sy/ara/2/2008/10/07/195459.htm 2456 # </a> 2457 2458 # From Steffen Thorsen (2009-03-19): 2459 # Syria will start DST on 2009-03-27 00:00 this year according to many sources, 2460 # two examples: 2461 # 2462 # <a href="http://www.sana.sy/eng/21/2009/03/17/217563.htm"> 2463 # http://www.sana.sy/eng/21/2009/03/17/217563.htm 2464 # </a> 2465 # (English, Syrian Arab News # Agency) 2466 # <a href="http://thawra.alwehda.gov.sy/_View_news2.asp?FileName=94459258720090318012209"> 2467 # http://thawra.alwehda.gov.sy/_View_news2.asp?FileName=94459258720090318012209 2468 # </a> 2469 # (Arabic, gov-site) 2470 # 2471 # We have not found any sources saying anything about when DST ends this year. 2472 # 2473 # Our summary 2474 # <a href="http://www.timeanddate.com/news/time/syria-dst-starts-march-27-2009.html"> 2475 # http://www.timeanddate.com/news/time/syria-dst-starts-march-27-2009.html 2476 # </a> 2477 2478 # From Steffen Thorsen (2009-10-27): 2479 # The Syrian Arab News Network on 2009-09-29 reported that Syria will 2480 # revert back to winter (standard) time on midnight between Thursday 2481 # 2009-10-29 and Friday 2009-10-30: 2482 # <a href="http://www.sana.sy/ara/2/2009/09/29/247012.htm"> 2483 # http://www.sana.sy/ara/2/2009/09/29/247012.htm (Arabic) 2484 # </a> 2485 2486 # From Arthur David Olson (2009-10-28): 2487 # We'll see if future DST switching times turn out to be end of the last 2488 # Thursday of the month or the start of the last Friday of the month or 2489 # something else. For now, use the start of the last Friday. 2490 2491 # From Steffen Thorsen (2010-03-17): 2492 # The "Syrian News Station" reported on 2010-03-16 that the Council of 2493 # Ministers has decided that Syria will start DST on midnight Thursday 2494 # 2010-04-01: (midnight between Thursday and Friday): 2495 # <a href="http://sns.sy/sns/?path=news/read/11421"> 2496 # http://sns.sy/sns/?path=news/read/11421 (Arabic) 2497 # </a> 2498 2499 Rule Syria 2008 only - Apr Fri>=1 0:00 1:00 S 2500 Rule Syria 2008 only - Nov 1 0:00 0 - 2501 Rule Syria 2009 only - Mar lastFri 0:00 1:00 S 2502 Rule Syria 2010 max - Apr Fri>=1 0:00 1:00 S 2503 Rule Syria 2009 max - Oct lastFri 0:00 0 - 2504 2505 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 2506 Zone Asia/Damascus 2:25:12 - LMT 1920 # Dimashq 2507 2:00 Syria EE%sT 2508 2509 # Tajikistan 2510 # From Shanks & Pottenger. 2511 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 2512 Zone Asia/Dushanbe 4:35:12 - LMT 1924 May 2 2513 5:00 - DUST 1930 Jun 21 # Dushanbe Time 2514 6:00 RussiaAsia DUS%sT 1991 Mar 31 2:00s 2515 5:00 1:00 DUSST 1991 Sep 9 2:00s 2516 5:00 - TJT # Tajikistan Time 2517 2518 # Thailand 2519 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 2520 Zone Asia/Bangkok 6:42:04 - LMT 1880 2521 6:42:04 - BMT 1920 Apr # Bangkok Mean Time 2522 7:00 - ICT 2523 2524 # Turkmenistan 2525 # From Shanks & Pottenger. 2526 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 2527 Zone Asia/Ashgabat 3:53:32 - LMT 1924 May 2 # or Ashkhabad 2528 4:00 - ASHT 1930 Jun 21 # Ashkhabad Time 2529 5:00 RussiaAsia ASH%sT 1991 Mar 31 2:00 2530 4:00 RussiaAsia ASH%sT 1991 Oct 27 # independence 2531 4:00 RussiaAsia TM%sT 1992 Jan 19 2:00 2532 5:00 - TMT 2533 2534 # United Arab Emirates 2535 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 2536 Zone Asia/Dubai 3:41:12 - LMT 1920 2537 4:00 - GST 2538 2539 # Uzbekistan 2540 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 2541 Zone Asia/Samarkand 4:27:12 - LMT 1924 May 2 2542 4:00 - SAMT 1930 Jun 21 # Samarkand Time 2543 5:00 - SAMT 1981 Apr 1 2544 5:00 1:00 SAMST 1981 Oct 1 2545 6:00 - TAST 1982 Apr 1 # Tashkent Time 2546 5:00 RussiaAsia SAM%sT 1991 Sep 1 # independence 2547 5:00 RussiaAsia UZ%sT 1992 2548 5:00 - UZT 2549 Zone Asia/Tashkent 4:37:12 - LMT 1924 May 2 2550 5:00 - TAST 1930 Jun 21 # Tashkent Time 2551 6:00 RussiaAsia TAS%sT 1991 Mar 31 2:00 2552 5:00 RussiaAsia TAS%sT 1991 Sep 1 # independence 2553 5:00 RussiaAsia UZ%sT 1992 2554 5:00 - UZT 2555 2556 # Vietnam 2557 2558 # From Arthur David Olson (2008-03-18): 2559 # The English-language name of Vietnam's most populous city is "Ho Chi Min City"; 2560 # we use Ho_Chi_Minh below to avoid a name of more than 14 characters. 2561 2562 # From Shanks & Pottenger: 2563 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 2564 Zone Asia/Ho_Chi_Minh 7:06:40 - LMT 1906 Jun 9 2565 7:06:20 - SMT 1911 Mar 11 0:01 # Saigon MT? 2566 7:00 - ICT 1912 May 2567 8:00 - ICT 1931 May 2568 7:00 - ICT 2569 2570 # Yemen 2571 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 2572 Zone Asia/Aden 3:00:48 - LMT 1950 2573 3:00 - AST 2574
