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/external/srtp/doc/
draft-irtf-cfrg-icm-00.txt	208 Crypto Forum Research Group David A. McGrew Internet Draft Cisco Systems, Inc. Expires April, 2003 October, 2002 Integer Counter Mode <draft-irtf-cfrg-icm-00.txt> Status of this Memo This document is an Internet Draft and is in full conformance with all provisions of Section 10 of RFC-2026. Internet Drafts are working documents of the Internet Engineering Task Force (IETF), its areas, and working groups. Note that other groups may also distribute working documents as Internet Drafts. Internet Drafts are draft documents valid for a maximum of six months and may be updated, replaced, or obsoleted by other documents at any time. It is inappropriate to use Internet Drafts as reference material or to cite them other than as "work in progress." The list of current Internet-Drafts can be accessed at http://www.ietf.org/ietf/1id-abstracts.txt The list of Internet-Draft Shadow Directories can be accessed at http://www.ietf.org/shadow.html. 1. Abstract This document specifies Integer Counter Mode (ICM), a mode of operation of a block cipher which defines an indexed keystream generator (which generates a keystream segment given an index). This mode is efficient, parallelizable, and has been proven secure given realistic assumptions about the block cipher. Test vectors are provided for AES. Counter Mode admits many variations. The variant specified in this document is secure and flexible, yet it enables a single implementation of a keystream generator to suffice in different application domains. McGrew [Page 1] Internet Draft Integer Counter Mode October, 2002 2. Notational Conventions The key words "MUST", "MUST NOT", "REQUIRED", "SHALL", "SHALL NOT", "SHOULD", "SHOULD NOT", "RECOMMENDED", "MAY", and "OPTIONAL" in this document are to be interpreted as described in RFC-2119 [B97]. 3. Introduction Counter Mode is a way to define a pseudorandom keystream generator using a block cipher [CTR]. The keystream can be used for additive encryption, key derivation, or any other application requiring pseudorandom data. In ICM, the keystream is logically broken into segments. Each segment is identified with a segment index, and the segments have equal lengths. This segmentation makes ICM especially appropriate for securing packet-based protocols. 4. ICM In this section, ICM keystream generation and encryption are defined. 4.1. ICM Parameters The following parameters are used in ICM. These parameters MUST remain fixed for any given use of a key. Parameter Meaning ----------------------------------------------------------------- BLOCK_LENGTH the number of octets in the cipher block KEY_LENGTH the number of octets in the cipher key OFFSET_LENGTH the number of octets in the offset SEGMENT_INDEX_LENGTH the number of octets in the segment index BLOCK_INDEX_LENGTH the number of octets in the block index 4.2. Keystream Segments Conceptually, ICM is a keystream generator that takes a secret key and a segment index as an input and then outputs a keystream segment. The segmentation lends itself to packet encryption, as each keystream segment can be used to encrypt a distinct packet. A counter is a value containing BLOCK_LENGTH octets which is McGrew [Page 2] Internet Draft Integer Counter Mode October, 2002 incremented using an increment function based on integer addition, to produce a sequence of distinct values which are used as inputs to the block cipher. (In the context of this specification, an integer is an octet string, the most significant of which is the first.) The output blocks of the cipher are concatenated to form the keystream segment. The first octet of the segment is the first octet of the first output block, and so on. A schematic of this process is shown in Figure 1. Figure 1. The generation of a keystream segment given a segment index and a block cipher key K. Here C[i] and S[i] denote the ith counter and keystream block, respectively. segment index | v C[0] -----> C[1] -----> C[2] -----> ... | | | v v v +---+ +---+ +---+ K->| E | K->| E | K->| E | ... +---+ +---+ +---+ | | | v v v S[0] S[1] S[2] ... The ith counter C[i] of the keystream segment with segment index s is defined as C[i] = (i + s * (256^BLOCK_INDEX_LENGTH)) (+) r where r denotes the shifted Offset, which is defined as the Offset times 256^(BLOCK_LENGTH - OFFSET_LENGTH). (This multiplication left-shifts the Offset so that it is aligned with the leftmost edge of the block.) Here ^ denotes exponentiation and (+) denotes the bitwise exclusive-or operation. The number of blocks in any segment MUST NOT exceed 256^BLOCK_INDEX_LENGTH. The number of segments MUST NOT exceed 256^SEGMENT_INDEX_LENGTH. These restrictions ensure the uniqueness of each block cipher input. They also imply that each segment contains no more than (256^BLOCK_INDEX_LENGTH)*BLOCK_LENGTH octets. The sum of SEGMENT_INDEX_LENGTH and BLOCK_INDEX_LENGTH MUST NOT exceed BLOCK_LENGTH / 2. This requirement protects the ICM keystream generator from potentially failing to be pseudorandom (see McGrew [Page 3] Internet Draft Integer Counter Mode October, 2002 the rationale). Figure 2. An illustration of the structure of a counter with BLOCK_LENGTH = 8, SEGMENT_INDEX_LENGTH = 2, and BLOCK_INDEX_LENGTH = 2. The field marked `null' is not part of either the block or segment indices. 0 1 2 3 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+ | null | +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+ | segment index | block index | +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+ 4.3. ICM Encryption Unless otherwise specified, ICM encryption consists of bitwise exclusive-oring the keystream into the plaintext to produce the ciphertext. 4.4 ICM KEY An ICM key consists of the block cipher key and an Offset. The Offset is an integer with OFFSET_LENGTH octets, which is used to `randomize' the logical starting point of keystream. The Offset is crucial to providing security; see the rationale. The value of OFFSET_LENGTH SHOULD be at least half that of BLOCK_LENGTH. For the purposes of transporting an ICM key, e.g. in a signaling protocol, that key SHOULD be considered a sequence of octets in which the block cipher key precedes the Offset. 5. Implementation Considerations Implementation of the `add one modulo 2^m' operation is simple. For example, with BLOCK_LENGTH = 8 (m=64), it can be implemented in C as if (!++x) ++y; where x and y are 32-bit unsigned integers in network byte order. The implementation of general purpose addition modulo 2^m is slightly more complicated. The fact that the Offset is left-aligned enables an implementation McGrew [Page 4] Internet Draft Integer Counter Mode October, 2002 to avoid propagating carry values outside of the block index and/or the segment index. Choosing an OFFSET_LENGTH value equal to half that of BLOCK_LENGTH avoids all of these carries, since the Offset is then shifted so that it (…)
/external/v8/src/
strtod.cc	322 // half-way multiplied by the denominator exceeds the range of an uint64. 347 // If the last_bits are too close to the half-way case than we are too
/external/webkit/LayoutTests/dom/xhtml/level1/core/
xhtml-lat1.ent	60 <!ENTITY frac12 "&#189;"> <!-- vulgar fraction one half 61 = fraction one half, U+00BD ISOnum -->
/external/webkit/LayoutTests/dom/xhtml/level2/core/
xhtml-lat1.ent	60 <!ENTITY frac12 "&#189;"> <!-- vulgar fraction one half 61 = fraction one half, U+00BD ISOnum -->
/external/webkit/LayoutTests/dom/xhtml/level2/events/
xhtml-lat1.ent	60 <!ENTITY frac12 "&#189;"> <!-- vulgar fraction one half 61 = fraction one half, U+00BD ISOnum -->
/external/webkit/LayoutTests/dom/xhtml/level2/html/
xhtml-lat1.ent	60 <!ENTITY frac12 "&#189;"> <!-- vulgar fraction one half 61 = fraction one half, U+00BD ISOnum -->
/external/webkit/LayoutTests/dom/xhtml/level3/core/
xhtml-lat1.ent	60 <!ENTITY frac12 "&#189;"> <!-- vulgar fraction one half 61 = fraction one half, U+00BD ISOnum -->
/external/webkit/Source/WebCore/platform/text/
UnicodeRange.cpp	199 * Misc - Combining half Marks 335 cRangeArabic, //ufexx, includes Combining half marks,
/external/webrtc/src/modules/audio_processing/aec/main/source/
aec_core_sse2.c	327 static const ALIGN16_BEG float half[4] ALIGN16_END = 329 const __m128 x_minus_half = _mm_sub_ps(x_max, *((__m128 *)half));
/external/zlib/
deflate.h	114 /* Sliding window. Input bytes are read into the second half of the window, 115 * and move to the first half later to keep a dictionary of at least wSize
/frameworks/base/media/java/android/media/videoeditor/
MediaVideoItem.java	100 * @param volumePercent in %/. 100% means no change; 50% means half value, 200% 637 * @param volumePercent in %/. 100% means no change; 50% means half value, 200%
/frameworks/base/media/libstagefright/codecs/avc/enc/src/
motion_est.cpp	109 /* initialize half-pel search */ 120 /* For quarter-pel interpolation around best half-pel result */ 333 /* First pass, loop thru half the macroblock */     [all...]
/frameworks/base/media/libstagefright/codecs/m4v_h263/enc/src/
mp4lib_int.h	155 Int x; /* half-pel resolution x component */ 156 Int y; /* half-pel resolution y component */
/frameworks/base/services/java/com/android/server/
Watchdog.java	413 // We've waited half the deadlock-detection interval. Pull a stack 414 // trace and wait another half.
/frameworks/base/telephony/java/com/android/internal/telephony/
IccUtils.java	163 * base pointer to a "half page" in the UCS2 code space, to be 175 * base pointer to a "half page" in the UCS2 code space...
/frameworks/opt/vcard/java/com/android/vcard/
VCardConfig.java	176 * should be encoded into half-width katakana when the target importer is Japanese mobile 357 * mobile phones, where phonetic names are translated to half-width katakana if
/libcore/luni/src/main/java/java/text/
ChoiceFormat.java	31 * each item specifies a half-open interval up to the next item as in the 51 * passed to the method. This is used to create half open intervals.
/ndk/sources/host-tools/sed-4.2.1/testsuite/
madding.sed	8 s/The girl on the summit of the load sat motionless, surrounded by tables and chairs with their legs upwards, backed by an oak settle, and ornamented in front by pots of geraniums, myrtles, and cactuses, together with a caged canary -- all probably from the windows of the house just vacated. There was also a cat in a willow basket, from the partly-opened lid of which she gazed with half-closed eyes, and affectionately-surveyed the small birds around. The handsome girl waited for some time idly in her place, and the only sound heard in the stillness was the hopping of the canary up and down the perches of its prison. Then she looked attentively downwards. It was not at the bird, nor at the cat; it was at an oblong package tied in paper, and lying between them. She turned her head to learn if the waggoner were coming. He was not yet in sight; and her eyes crept back to the package, her thoughts seeming to run upon what was inside it. At length she drew the article into her lap, and untied the paper covering; a small swing looking- glass was disclosed, in which she proceeded to survey herself attentively. She parted her lips and smiled. It was a fine morning, and the sun lighted up to a scarlet glow the crimson jacket she wore, and painted a soft lustre upon her bright face and dark hair. The myrtles, geraniums, and cactuses packed around her were fresh and green, and at such a leafless season they invested the whole concern of horses, waggon, furniture, and girl with a peculiar vernal charm. What possessed her to indulge in such a performance in the sight of the sparrows, blackbirds, and unperceived farmer who were alone its spectators, -- whether the smile began as a factitious one, to test her capacity in that art, -- nobody knows; it ended certainly in a real smile. She blushed at herself, and seeing her reflection blush, blushed the more. The change from the customary spot and necessary occasion of such an act -- from the dressing hour in a bedroom to a time of travelling out of doors -- lent to the idle deed a novelty it did not intrinsically possess. The picture was a delicate one. Woman's prescriptive infirmity had stalked into the sunlight, which had clothed it in the freshness of an originality. A cynical inference was irresistible by Gabriel Oak as he regarded the scene, generous though he fain would have been. There was no necessity whatever for her looking in the glass. She did not adjust her hat, or pat her hair, or press a dimple into shape, or do one thing to signify that any such intention had been her motive in taking up the glass. She simply observed herself as a fair product of Nature in the feminine kind, her thoughts seeming to glide into far-off though likely dramas in which men would play a part -- vistas of probable triumphs -- the smiles being of a phase suggesting that hearts were imagined as lost and won. Still, this was but conjecture, and the whole series of actions was so idly put forth as to make it rash to assert that intention had any part in them at all. The waggoner's steps were heard returning. She put the glass in the paper, and the whole again into its place. When the waggon had passed on, Gabriel withdrew from his point of espial, and descending into the road, followed the vehicle to the turnpike-gate some way beyond the bottom of the hill, where the object of his contemplation now halted for the payment of toll. About twenty steps still remained between him and the gate, when he heard a dispute. It was a difference concerning twopence between the persons with the waggon and the man at the toll-bar. "Mis'ess's niece is upon the top of the things, and she says that's enough that I've offered ye, you great miser, and she won't pay any more." These were the waggoner's words. "Very well; then mis'ess's niece can't pass," said the turnpike-keeper, closing the gate. Oak looked from one to the other of the disputants, and fell into a reverie. There was something in the tone of twopence remarkably insignificant. Threepence had a definite value as money -- it was an appreciable infringement on a day's wages, and, as such, a higgling matter; but twopence -- "Here," he said, stepping forward and handing twopence to the gatekeeper; "let the young woman pass." He looked up at her then; she heard his words, and looked down. Gabriel's features adhered throughout their form so exactly to the middle line between the beauty of St. John and the ugliness of Judas Iscariot, as represented in a window of the church he attended, that not a single lineament could be selected and called worthy either of distinction or notoriety. The red-jacketed and dark-haired maiden seemed to think so too, for she carelessly glanced over him, and told her man to drive on. She might have looked her thanks to Gabriel on a minute scale, but she did not speak them; more probably she felt none, for in gaining her a passage he had lost her her point, and we know how women take a favour of that kind. The gatekeeper surveyed the retreating vehicle. "That's a handsome maid," he said to Oak. "But she has her faults," said Gabriel. "True, farmer." "And the greatest of them is -- well, what it is always." "Beating people down? ay, 'tis so." "O no." "What, then?" Gabriel, perhaps a little piqued by the comely traveller's indifference, glanced back to where he had witnessed her performance over the hedge, and said, "Vanity."/The girl on the summit of the load sat motionless, surrounded by tables and chairs with their legs upwards, backed by an oak settle, and ornamented in front by pots of geraniums, myrtles, and cactuses, together with a caged canary -- all probably from the windows of the house just vacated. There was also a cat in a willow basket, from the partly-opened lid of which she gazed with half-closed eyes, and affectionately-surveyed the small birds around. The handsome girl waited for some time idly in her place, and the only sound heard in the stillness was the hopping of the canary up and down the perches of its prison. Then she looked attentively downwards. It was not at the bird, nor at the cat; it was at an oblong package tied in paper, and lying between them. She turned her head to learn if the waggoner were coming. He was not yet in sight; and her eyes crept back to the package, her thoughts seeming to run upon what was inside it. At length she drew the article into her lap, and untied the paper covering; a small swing looking- glass was disclosed, in which she proceeded to survey herself attentively. She parted her lips and smiled. It was a fine morning, and the sun lighted up to a scarlet glow the crimson jacket she wore, and painted a soft lustre upon her bright face and dark hair. The myrtles, geraniums, and cactuses packed around her were fresh and green, and at such a leafless season they invested the whole concern of horses, waggon, furniture, and girl with a peculiar vernal charm. What possessed her to indulge in such a performance in the sight of the sparrows, blackbirds, and unperceived farmer who were alone its spectators, -- whether the smile began as a factitious one, to test her capacity in that art, -- nobody knows; it ended certainly in a real smile. She blushed at herself, and seeing her reflection blush, blushed the more. The change from the customary spot and necessary occasion of such an act -- from the dressing hour in a bedroom to a time of travelling out of doors -- lent to the idle deed a novelty it did not intrinsically possess. The picture was a delicate one. Woman's prescriptive infirmity had stalked into the sunlight, which had clothed it in the freshness of an originality. A cynical inference was irresistible by Gabriel Oak as he regarded the scene, generous though he fain would have been. There was no necessity whatever for her looking in the glass. She did not adjust her hat, or pat her hair, or press a dimple into shape, or do one thing to signify that any such intention had been her motive in taking up the glass. She simply observed herself as a fair product of Nature in the feminine kind, her thoughts seeming to glide into far-off though likely dramas in which men would play a part -- vistas of probable triumphs -- the smiles being of a phase suggesting that hearts were imagined as lost and won. Still, this was but conjecture, and the whole series of actions was so idly put forth as to make it rash to assert that intention had any part in them at all. The waggoner's steps were heard returning. She put the glass in the paper, and the whole again into its place. When the waggon had passed on, Gabriel withdrew from his point of espial, and descending into the road, followed the vehicle to the turnpike-gate some way beyond the bottom of the hill, where the object of his contemplation now halted for the payment of toll. About twenty steps still remained between him and the gate, when he heard a dispute. It was a difference concerning twopence between the persons with the waggon and the man at the toll-bar. "Mis'ess's niece is upon the top of the things, and she says that's enough that I've offered ye, you great miser, and she won't pay any more." These were the waggoner's words. "Very well; then mis'ess's niece can't pass," said the turnpike-keeper, closing the gate. Oak looked from one to the other of the disputants, and fell into a reverie. There was something in the tone of twopence remarkably insignificant. Threepence had a definite value as money -- it was an appreciable infringement on a day's wages, and, as such, a higgling matter; but twopence -- "Here," he said, stepping forward and handing twopence to the gatekeeper; "let the young woman pass." He looked up at her then; she heard his words, and looked down. Gabriel's features adhered throughout their form so exactly to the middle line between the beauty of St. John and the ugliness of Judas Iscariot, as represented in a window of the church he attended, that not a single lineament could be selected and called worthy either of distinction or notoriety. The red-jacketed and dark-haired maiden seemed to think so too, for she carelessly glanced over him, and told her man to drive on. She might have looked her thanks to Gabriel on a minute scale, but she did not speak them; more probably she felt none, for in gaining her a passage he had lost her her point, and we know how women take a favour of that kind. The gatekeeper surveyed the retreating vehicle. "That's a handsome maid," he said to Oak. "But she has her faults," said Gabriel. "True, farmer." "And the greatest of them is -- well, what it is always." "Beating people down? ay, 'tis so." "O no." "What, then?" Gabriel, perhaps a little piqued by the comely traveller's indifference, glanced back to where he had witnessed her performance over the hedge, and said, "Vanity, dude."/
/packages/apps/Camera/jni/feature_stab/db_vlvm/
db_metrics.h	151 where scale is the half width at half maximum (hWahM) of the
/packages/apps/Gallery2/src/com/android/gallery3d/data/
TimeClustering.java	65 // Make the cluster split time of a large cluster half that of a regular 177 // Heuristic to get min and max cluster size - half and double the
/packages/providers/ContactsProvider/tests/src/com/android/providers/contacts/
NameSplitterTest.java	202 // Half-width Katakana: always Japanese 250 // Half-width Katakana
/prebuilt/linux-x86/toolchain/i686-linux-glibc2.7-4.4.3/sysroot/usr/include/linux/
ethtool.h	22 __u8 duplex; /* Duplex, half or full */ 371 /* Duplex, half or full. */
/frameworks/base/media/libstagefright/codecs/on2/h264dec/omxdl/arm11/vc/api/
omxVC.h	59 * be used in conjunction with half-pixel interpolation to obtain quarter 107 * be used in conjunction with half-pixel interpolation to obtain quarter 581 OMX_INT halfPelSearchEnable; /** enables half-pel resolution */ 792 * half-pixel units, and therefore a shift left or right by 1 bit may be 859 * using half-pixel units, and therefore a shift left or right by 1 bit may be 922 * Performs a 16x16 block match with half-pixel resolution. Returns the 924 * estimates the half-pixel motion vector by interpolating the integer 942 * pSearchPointRefPos - position of the starting point for half pixel     [all...]
/frameworks/base/media/libstagefright/codecs/on2/h264dec/omxdl/arm_neon/vc/api/
omxVC.h	59 * be used in conjunction with half-pixel interpolation to obtain quarter 107 * be used in conjunction with half-pixel interpolation to obtain quarter 581 OMX_INT halfPelSearchEnable; /** enables half-pel resolution */ 792 * half-pixel units, and therefore a shift left or right by 1 bit may be 859 * using half-pixel units, and therefore a shift left or right by 1 bit may be 922 * Performs a 16x16 block match with half-pixel resolution. Returns the 924 * estimates the half-pixel motion vector by interpolating the integer 942 * pSearchPointRefPos - position of the starting point for half pixel     [all...]
/frameworks/base/media/libstagefright/codecs/on2/h264dec/omxdl/reference/vc/api/
omxVC.h	59 * be used in conjunction with half-pixel interpolation to obtain quarter 107 * be used in conjunction with half-pixel interpolation to obtain quarter 581 OMX_INT halfPelSearchEnable; /** enables half-pel resolution */ 792 * half-pixel units, and therefore a shift left or right by 1 bit may be 859 * using half-pixel units, and therefore a shift left or right by 1 bit may be 922 * Performs a 16x16 block match with half-pixel resolution. Returns the 924 * estimates the half-pixel motion vector by interpolating the integer 942 * pSearchPointRefPos - position of the starting point for half pixel     [all...]

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