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      1 //===--- raw_ostream.cpp - Implement the raw_ostream classes --------------===//
      2 //
      3 //                     The LLVM Compiler Infrastructure
      4 //
      5 // This file is distributed under the University of Illinois Open Source
      6 // License. See LICENSE.TXT for details.
      7 //
      8 //===----------------------------------------------------------------------===//
      9 //
     10 // This implements support for bulk buffered stream output.
     11 //
     12 //===----------------------------------------------------------------------===//
     13 
     14 #include "llvm/Support/raw_ostream.h"
     15 #include "llvm/Support/Format.h"
     16 #include "llvm/Support/Program.h"
     17 #include "llvm/Support/Process.h"
     18 #include "llvm/ADT/StringExtras.h"
     19 #include "llvm/ADT/SmallVector.h"
     20 #include "llvm/Config/config.h"
     21 #include "llvm/Support/Compiler.h"
     22 #include "llvm/Support/ErrorHandling.h"
     23 #include "llvm/Support/system_error.h"
     24 #include "llvm/ADT/STLExtras.h"
     25 #include <cctype>
     26 #include <cerrno>
     27 #include <sys/stat.h>
     28 #include <sys/types.h>
     29 
     30 #if defined(HAVE_UNISTD_H)
     31 # include <unistd.h>
     32 #endif
     33 #if defined(HAVE_FCNTL_H)
     34 # include <fcntl.h>
     35 #endif
     36 #if defined(HAVE_SYS_UIO_H) && defined(HAVE_WRITEV)
     37 #  include <sys/uio.h>
     38 #endif
     39 
     40 #if defined(__CYGWIN__)
     41 #include <io.h>
     42 #endif
     43 
     44 #if defined(_MSC_VER)
     45 #include <io.h>
     46 #include <fcntl.h>
     47 #ifndef STDIN_FILENO
     48 # define STDIN_FILENO 0
     49 #endif
     50 #ifndef STDOUT_FILENO
     51 # define STDOUT_FILENO 1
     52 #endif
     53 #ifndef STDERR_FILENO
     54 # define STDERR_FILENO 2
     55 #endif
     56 #endif
     57 
     58 using namespace llvm;
     59 
     60 raw_ostream::~raw_ostream() {
     61   // raw_ostream's subclasses should take care to flush the buffer
     62   // in their destructors.
     63   assert(OutBufCur == OutBufStart &&
     64          "raw_ostream destructor called with non-empty buffer!");
     65 
     66   if (BufferMode == InternalBuffer)
     67     delete [] OutBufStart;
     68 }
     69 
     70 // An out of line virtual method to provide a home for the class vtable.
     71 void raw_ostream::handle() {}
     72 
     73 size_t raw_ostream::preferred_buffer_size() const {
     74   // BUFSIZ is intended to be a reasonable default.
     75   return BUFSIZ;
     76 }
     77 
     78 void raw_ostream::SetBuffered() {
     79   // Ask the subclass to determine an appropriate buffer size.
     80   if (size_t Size = preferred_buffer_size())
     81     SetBufferSize(Size);
     82   else
     83     // It may return 0, meaning this stream should be unbuffered.
     84     SetUnbuffered();
     85 }
     86 
     87 void raw_ostream::SetBufferAndMode(char *BufferStart, size_t Size,
     88                                    BufferKind Mode) {
     89   assert(((Mode == Unbuffered && BufferStart == 0 && Size == 0) ||
     90           (Mode != Unbuffered && BufferStart && Size)) &&
     91          "stream must be unbuffered or have at least one byte");
     92   // Make sure the current buffer is free of content (we can't flush here; the
     93   // child buffer management logic will be in write_impl).
     94   assert(GetNumBytesInBuffer() == 0 && "Current buffer is non-empty!");
     95 
     96   if (BufferMode == InternalBuffer)
     97     delete [] OutBufStart;
     98   OutBufStart = BufferStart;
     99   OutBufEnd = OutBufStart+Size;
    100   OutBufCur = OutBufStart;
    101   BufferMode = Mode;
    102 
    103   assert(OutBufStart <= OutBufEnd && "Invalid size!");
    104 }
    105 
    106 raw_ostream &raw_ostream::operator<<(unsigned long N) {
    107   // Zero is a special case.
    108   if (N == 0)
    109     return *this << '0';
    110 
    111   char NumberBuffer[20];
    112   char *EndPtr = NumberBuffer+sizeof(NumberBuffer);
    113   char *CurPtr = EndPtr;
    114 
    115   while (N) {
    116     *--CurPtr = '0' + char(N % 10);
    117     N /= 10;
    118   }
    119   return write(CurPtr, EndPtr-CurPtr);
    120 }
    121 
    122 raw_ostream &raw_ostream::operator<<(long N) {
    123   if (N <  0) {
    124     *this << '-';
    125     // Avoid undefined behavior on LONG_MIN with a cast.
    126     N = -(unsigned long)N;
    127   }
    128 
    129   return this->operator<<(static_cast<unsigned long>(N));
    130 }
    131 
    132 raw_ostream &raw_ostream::operator<<(unsigned long long N) {
    133   // Output using 32-bit div/mod when possible.
    134   if (N == static_cast<unsigned long>(N))
    135     return this->operator<<(static_cast<unsigned long>(N));
    136 
    137   char NumberBuffer[20];
    138   char *EndPtr = NumberBuffer+sizeof(NumberBuffer);
    139   char *CurPtr = EndPtr;
    140 
    141   while (N) {
    142     *--CurPtr = '0' + char(N % 10);
    143     N /= 10;
    144   }
    145   return write(CurPtr, EndPtr-CurPtr);
    146 }
    147 
    148 raw_ostream &raw_ostream::operator<<(long long N) {
    149   if (N < 0) {
    150     *this << '-';
    151     // Avoid undefined behavior on INT64_MIN with a cast.
    152     N = -(unsigned long long)N;
    153   }
    154 
    155   return this->operator<<(static_cast<unsigned long long>(N));
    156 }
    157 
    158 raw_ostream &raw_ostream::write_hex(unsigned long long N) {
    159   // Zero is a special case.
    160   if (N == 0)
    161     return *this << '0';
    162 
    163   char NumberBuffer[20];
    164   char *EndPtr = NumberBuffer+sizeof(NumberBuffer);
    165   char *CurPtr = EndPtr;
    166 
    167   while (N) {
    168     uintptr_t x = N % 16;
    169     *--CurPtr = (x < 10 ? '0' + x : 'a' + x - 10);
    170     N /= 16;
    171   }
    172 
    173   return write(CurPtr, EndPtr-CurPtr);
    174 }
    175 
    176 raw_ostream &raw_ostream::write_escaped(StringRef Str,
    177                                         bool UseHexEscapes) {
    178   for (unsigned i = 0, e = Str.size(); i != e; ++i) {
    179     unsigned char c = Str[i];
    180 
    181     switch (c) {
    182     case '\\':
    183       *this << '\\' << '\\';
    184       break;
    185     case '\t':
    186       *this << '\\' << 't';
    187       break;
    188     case '\n':
    189       *this << '\\' << 'n';
    190       break;
    191     case '"':
    192       *this << '\\' << '"';
    193       break;
    194     default:
    195       if (std::isprint(c)) {
    196         *this << c;
    197         break;
    198       }
    199 
    200       // Write out the escaped representation.
    201       if (UseHexEscapes) {
    202         *this << '\\' << 'x';
    203         *this << hexdigit((c >> 4 & 0xF));
    204         *this << hexdigit((c >> 0) & 0xF);
    205       } else {
    206         // Always use a full 3-character octal escape.
    207         *this << '\\';
    208         *this << char('0' + ((c >> 6) & 7));
    209         *this << char('0' + ((c >> 3) & 7));
    210         *this << char('0' + ((c >> 0) & 7));
    211       }
    212     }
    213   }
    214 
    215   return *this;
    216 }
    217 
    218 raw_ostream &raw_ostream::operator<<(const void *P) {
    219   *this << '0' << 'x';
    220 
    221   return write_hex((uintptr_t) P);
    222 }
    223 
    224 raw_ostream &raw_ostream::operator<<(double N) {
    225 #ifdef _WIN32
    226   // On MSVCRT and compatible, output of %e is incompatible to Posix
    227   // by default. Number of exponent digits should be at least 2. "%+03d"
    228   // FIXME: Implement our formatter to here or Support/Format.h!
    229   int fpcl = _fpclass(N);
    230 
    231   // negative zero
    232   if (fpcl == _FPCLASS_NZ)
    233     return *this << "-0.000000e+00";
    234 
    235   char buf[16];
    236   unsigned len;
    237   len = snprintf(buf, sizeof(buf), "%e", N);
    238   if (len <= sizeof(buf) - 2) {
    239     if (len >= 5 && buf[len - 5] == 'e' && buf[len - 3] == '0') {
    240       int cs = buf[len - 4];
    241       if (cs == '+' || cs == '-') {
    242         int c1 = buf[len - 2];
    243         int c0 = buf[len - 1];
    244         if (isdigit(c1) && isdigit(c0)) {
    245           // Trim leading '0': "...e+012" -> "...e+12\0"
    246           buf[len - 3] = c1;
    247           buf[len - 2] = c0;
    248           buf[--len] = 0;
    249         }
    250       }
    251     }
    252     return this->operator<<(buf);
    253   }
    254 #endif
    255   return this->operator<<(format("%e", N));
    256 }
    257 
    258 
    259 
    260 void raw_ostream::flush_nonempty() {
    261   assert(OutBufCur > OutBufStart && "Invalid call to flush_nonempty.");
    262   size_t Length = OutBufCur - OutBufStart;
    263   OutBufCur = OutBufStart;
    264   write_impl(OutBufStart, Length);
    265 }
    266 
    267 raw_ostream &raw_ostream::write(unsigned char C) {
    268   // Group exceptional cases into a single branch.
    269   if (BUILTIN_EXPECT(OutBufCur >= OutBufEnd, false)) {
    270     if (BUILTIN_EXPECT(!OutBufStart, false)) {
    271       if (BufferMode == Unbuffered) {
    272         write_impl(reinterpret_cast<char*>(&C), 1);
    273         return *this;
    274       }
    275       // Set up a buffer and start over.
    276       SetBuffered();
    277       return write(C);
    278     }
    279 
    280     flush_nonempty();
    281   }
    282 
    283   *OutBufCur++ = C;
    284   return *this;
    285 }
    286 
    287 raw_ostream &raw_ostream::write(const char *Ptr, size_t Size) {
    288   // Group exceptional cases into a single branch.
    289   if (BUILTIN_EXPECT(size_t(OutBufEnd - OutBufCur) < Size, false)) {
    290     if (BUILTIN_EXPECT(!OutBufStart, false)) {
    291       if (BufferMode == Unbuffered) {
    292         write_impl(Ptr, Size);
    293         return *this;
    294       }
    295       // Set up a buffer and start over.
    296       SetBuffered();
    297       return write(Ptr, Size);
    298     }
    299 
    300     size_t NumBytes = OutBufEnd - OutBufCur;
    301 
    302     // If the buffer is empty at this point we have a string that is larger
    303     // than the buffer. Directly write the chunk that is a multiple of the
    304     // preferred buffer size and put the remainder in the buffer.
    305     if (BUILTIN_EXPECT(OutBufCur == OutBufStart, false)) {
    306       size_t BytesToWrite = Size - (Size % NumBytes);
    307       write_impl(Ptr, BytesToWrite);
    308       copy_to_buffer(Ptr + BytesToWrite, Size - BytesToWrite);
    309       return *this;
    310     }
    311 
    312     // We don't have enough space in the buffer to fit the string in. Insert as
    313     // much as possible, flush and start over with the remainder.
    314     copy_to_buffer(Ptr, NumBytes);
    315     flush_nonempty();
    316     return write(Ptr + NumBytes, Size - NumBytes);
    317   }
    318 
    319   copy_to_buffer(Ptr, Size);
    320 
    321   return *this;
    322 }
    323 
    324 void raw_ostream::copy_to_buffer(const char *Ptr, size_t Size) {
    325   assert(Size <= size_t(OutBufEnd - OutBufCur) && "Buffer overrun!");
    326 
    327   // Handle short strings specially, memcpy isn't very good at very short
    328   // strings.
    329   switch (Size) {
    330   case 4: OutBufCur[3] = Ptr[3]; // FALL THROUGH
    331   case 3: OutBufCur[2] = Ptr[2]; // FALL THROUGH
    332   case 2: OutBufCur[1] = Ptr[1]; // FALL THROUGH
    333   case 1: OutBufCur[0] = Ptr[0]; // FALL THROUGH
    334   case 0: break;
    335   default:
    336     memcpy(OutBufCur, Ptr, Size);
    337     break;
    338   }
    339 
    340   OutBufCur += Size;
    341 }
    342 
    343 // Formatted output.
    344 raw_ostream &raw_ostream::operator<<(const format_object_base &Fmt) {
    345   // If we have more than a few bytes left in our output buffer, try
    346   // formatting directly onto its end.
    347   size_t NextBufferSize = 127;
    348   size_t BufferBytesLeft = OutBufEnd - OutBufCur;
    349   if (BufferBytesLeft > 3) {
    350     size_t BytesUsed = Fmt.print(OutBufCur, BufferBytesLeft);
    351 
    352     // Common case is that we have plenty of space.
    353     if (BytesUsed <= BufferBytesLeft) {
    354       OutBufCur += BytesUsed;
    355       return *this;
    356     }
    357 
    358     // Otherwise, we overflowed and the return value tells us the size to try
    359     // again with.
    360     NextBufferSize = BytesUsed;
    361   }
    362 
    363   // If we got here, we didn't have enough space in the output buffer for the
    364   // string.  Try printing into a SmallVector that is resized to have enough
    365   // space.  Iterate until we win.
    366   SmallVector<char, 128> V;
    367 
    368   while (1) {
    369     V.resize(NextBufferSize);
    370 
    371     // Try formatting into the SmallVector.
    372     size_t BytesUsed = Fmt.print(V.data(), NextBufferSize);
    373 
    374     // If BytesUsed fit into the vector, we win.
    375     if (BytesUsed <= NextBufferSize)
    376       return write(V.data(), BytesUsed);
    377 
    378     // Otherwise, try again with a new size.
    379     assert(BytesUsed > NextBufferSize && "Didn't grow buffer!?");
    380     NextBufferSize = BytesUsed;
    381   }
    382 }
    383 
    384 /// indent - Insert 'NumSpaces' spaces.
    385 raw_ostream &raw_ostream::indent(unsigned NumSpaces) {
    386   static const char Spaces[] = "                                "
    387                                "                                "
    388                                "                ";
    389 
    390   // Usually the indentation is small, handle it with a fastpath.
    391   if (NumSpaces < array_lengthof(Spaces))
    392     return write(Spaces, NumSpaces);
    393 
    394   while (NumSpaces) {
    395     unsigned NumToWrite = std::min(NumSpaces,
    396                                    (unsigned)array_lengthof(Spaces)-1);
    397     write(Spaces, NumToWrite);
    398     NumSpaces -= NumToWrite;
    399   }
    400   return *this;
    401 }
    402 
    403 
    404 //===----------------------------------------------------------------------===//
    405 //  Formatted Output
    406 //===----------------------------------------------------------------------===//
    407 
    408 // Out of line virtual method.
    409 void format_object_base::home() {
    410 }
    411 
    412 //===----------------------------------------------------------------------===//
    413 //  raw_fd_ostream
    414 //===----------------------------------------------------------------------===//
    415 
    416 /// raw_fd_ostream - Open the specified file for writing. If an error
    417 /// occurs, information about the error is put into ErrorInfo, and the
    418 /// stream should be immediately destroyed; the string will be empty
    419 /// if no error occurred.
    420 raw_fd_ostream::raw_fd_ostream(const char *Filename, std::string &ErrorInfo,
    421                                unsigned Flags)
    422   : Error(false), UseAtomicWrites(false), pos(0)
    423 {
    424   assert(Filename != 0 && "Filename is null");
    425   // Verify that we don't have both "append" and "excl".
    426   assert((!(Flags & F_Excl) || !(Flags & F_Append)) &&
    427          "Cannot specify both 'excl' and 'append' file creation flags!");
    428 
    429   ErrorInfo.clear();
    430 
    431   // Handle "-" as stdout. Note that when we do this, we consider ourself
    432   // the owner of stdout. This means that we can do things like close the
    433   // file descriptor when we're done and set the "binary" flag globally.
    434   if (Filename[0] == '-' && Filename[1] == 0) {
    435     FD = STDOUT_FILENO;
    436     // If user requested binary then put stdout into binary mode if
    437     // possible.
    438     if (Flags & F_Binary)
    439       sys::Program::ChangeStdoutToBinary();
    440     // Close stdout when we're done, to detect any output errors.
    441     ShouldClose = true;
    442     return;
    443   }
    444 
    445   int OpenFlags = O_WRONLY|O_CREAT;
    446 #ifdef O_BINARY
    447   if (Flags & F_Binary)
    448     OpenFlags |= O_BINARY;
    449 #endif
    450 
    451   if (Flags & F_Append)
    452     OpenFlags |= O_APPEND;
    453   else
    454     OpenFlags |= O_TRUNC;
    455   if (Flags & F_Excl)
    456     OpenFlags |= O_EXCL;
    457 
    458   while ((FD = open(Filename, OpenFlags, 0664)) < 0) {
    459     if (errno != EINTR) {
    460       ErrorInfo = "Error opening output file '" + std::string(Filename) + "'";
    461       ShouldClose = false;
    462       return;
    463     }
    464   }
    465 
    466   // Ok, we successfully opened the file, so it'll need to be closed.
    467   ShouldClose = true;
    468 }
    469 
    470 /// raw_fd_ostream ctor - FD is the file descriptor that this writes to.  If
    471 /// ShouldClose is true, this closes the file when the stream is destroyed.
    472 raw_fd_ostream::raw_fd_ostream(int fd, bool shouldClose, bool unbuffered)
    473   : raw_ostream(unbuffered), FD(fd),
    474     ShouldClose(shouldClose), Error(false), UseAtomicWrites(false) {
    475 #ifdef O_BINARY
    476   // Setting STDOUT and STDERR to binary mode is necessary in Win32
    477   // to avoid undesirable linefeed conversion.
    478   if (fd == STDOUT_FILENO || fd == STDERR_FILENO)
    479     setmode(fd, O_BINARY);
    480 #endif
    481 
    482   // Get the starting position.
    483   off_t loc = ::lseek(FD, 0, SEEK_CUR);
    484   if (loc == (off_t)-1)
    485     pos = 0;
    486   else
    487     pos = static_cast<uint64_t>(loc);
    488 }
    489 
    490 raw_fd_ostream::~raw_fd_ostream() {
    491   if (FD >= 0) {
    492     flush();
    493     if (ShouldClose)
    494       while (::close(FD) != 0)
    495         if (errno != EINTR) {
    496           error_detected();
    497           break;
    498         }
    499   }
    500 
    501 #ifdef __MINGW32__
    502   // On mingw, global dtors should not call exit().
    503   // report_fatal_error() invokes exit(). We know report_fatal_error()
    504   // might not write messages to stderr when any errors were detected
    505   // on FD == 2.
    506   if (FD == 2) return;
    507 #endif
    508 
    509   // If there are any pending errors, report them now. Clients wishing
    510   // to avoid report_fatal_error calls should check for errors with
    511   // has_error() and clear the error flag with clear_error() before
    512   // destructing raw_ostream objects which may have errors.
    513   if (has_error())
    514     report_fatal_error("IO failure on output stream.");
    515 }
    516 
    517 
    518 void raw_fd_ostream::write_impl(const char *Ptr, size_t Size) {
    519   assert(FD >= 0 && "File already closed.");
    520   pos += Size;
    521 
    522   do {
    523     ssize_t ret;
    524 
    525     // Check whether we should attempt to use atomic writes.
    526     if (BUILTIN_EXPECT(!UseAtomicWrites, true)) {
    527       ret = ::write(FD, Ptr, Size);
    528     } else {
    529       // Use ::writev() where available.
    530 #if defined(HAVE_WRITEV)
    531       struct iovec IOV = { (void*) Ptr, Size };
    532       ret = ::writev(FD, &IOV, 1);
    533 #else
    534       ret = ::write(FD, Ptr, Size);
    535 #endif
    536     }
    537 
    538     if (ret < 0) {
    539       // If it's a recoverable error, swallow it and retry the write.
    540       //
    541       // Ideally we wouldn't ever see EAGAIN or EWOULDBLOCK here, since
    542       // raw_ostream isn't designed to do non-blocking I/O. However, some
    543       // programs, such as old versions of bjam, have mistakenly used
    544       // O_NONBLOCK. For compatibility, emulate blocking semantics by
    545       // spinning until the write succeeds. If you don't want spinning,
    546       // don't use O_NONBLOCK file descriptors with raw_ostream.
    547       if (errno == EINTR || errno == EAGAIN
    548 #ifdef EWOULDBLOCK
    549           || errno == EWOULDBLOCK
    550 #endif
    551           )
    552         continue;
    553 
    554       // Otherwise it's a non-recoverable error. Note it and quit.
    555       error_detected();
    556       break;
    557     }
    558 
    559     // The write may have written some or all of the data. Update the
    560     // size and buffer pointer to reflect the remainder that needs
    561     // to be written. If there are no bytes left, we're done.
    562     Ptr += ret;
    563     Size -= ret;
    564   } while (Size > 0);
    565 }
    566 
    567 void raw_fd_ostream::close() {
    568   assert(ShouldClose);
    569   ShouldClose = false;
    570   flush();
    571   while (::close(FD) != 0)
    572     if (errno != EINTR) {
    573       error_detected();
    574       break;
    575     }
    576   FD = -1;
    577 }
    578 
    579 uint64_t raw_fd_ostream::seek(uint64_t off) {
    580   flush();
    581   pos = ::lseek(FD, off, SEEK_SET);
    582   if (pos != off)
    583     error_detected();
    584   return pos;
    585 }
    586 
    587 size_t raw_fd_ostream::preferred_buffer_size() const {
    588 #if !defined(_MSC_VER) && !defined(__MINGW32__) && !defined(__minix)
    589   // Windows and Minix have no st_blksize.
    590   assert(FD >= 0 && "File not yet open!");
    591   struct stat statbuf;
    592   if (fstat(FD, &statbuf) != 0)
    593     return 0;
    594 
    595   // If this is a terminal, don't use buffering. Line buffering
    596   // would be a more traditional thing to do, but it's not worth
    597   // the complexity.
    598   if (S_ISCHR(statbuf.st_mode) && isatty(FD))
    599     return 0;
    600   // Return the preferred block size.
    601   return statbuf.st_blksize;
    602 #else
    603   return raw_ostream::preferred_buffer_size();
    604 #endif
    605 }
    606 
    607 raw_ostream &raw_fd_ostream::changeColor(enum Colors colors, bool bold,
    608                                          bool bg) {
    609   if (sys::Process::ColorNeedsFlush())
    610     flush();
    611   const char *colorcode =
    612     (colors == SAVEDCOLOR) ? sys::Process::OutputBold(bg)
    613     : sys::Process::OutputColor(colors, bold, bg);
    614   if (colorcode) {
    615     size_t len = strlen(colorcode);
    616     write(colorcode, len);
    617     // don't account colors towards output characters
    618     pos -= len;
    619   }
    620   return *this;
    621 }
    622 
    623 raw_ostream &raw_fd_ostream::resetColor() {
    624   if (sys::Process::ColorNeedsFlush())
    625     flush();
    626   const char *colorcode = sys::Process::ResetColor();
    627   if (colorcode) {
    628     size_t len = strlen(colorcode);
    629     write(colorcode, len);
    630     // don't account colors towards output characters
    631     pos -= len;
    632   }
    633   return *this;
    634 }
    635 
    636 raw_ostream &raw_fd_ostream::reverseColor() {
    637   if (sys::Process::ColorNeedsFlush())
    638     flush();
    639   const char *colorcode = sys::Process::OutputReverse();
    640   if (colorcode) {
    641     size_t len = strlen(colorcode);
    642     write(colorcode, len);
    643     // don't account colors towards output characters
    644     pos -= len;
    645   }
    646   return *this;
    647 }
    648 
    649 bool raw_fd_ostream::is_displayed() const {
    650   return sys::Process::FileDescriptorIsDisplayed(FD);
    651 }
    652 
    653 //===----------------------------------------------------------------------===//
    654 //  outs(), errs(), nulls()
    655 //===----------------------------------------------------------------------===//
    656 
    657 /// outs() - This returns a reference to a raw_ostream for standard output.
    658 /// Use it like: outs() << "foo" << "bar";
    659 raw_ostream &llvm::outs() {
    660   // Set buffer settings to model stdout behavior.
    661   // Delete the file descriptor when the program exists, forcing error
    662   // detection. If you don't want this behavior, don't use outs().
    663   static raw_fd_ostream S(STDOUT_FILENO, true);
    664   return S;
    665 }
    666 
    667 /// errs() - This returns a reference to a raw_ostream for standard error.
    668 /// Use it like: errs() << "foo" << "bar";
    669 raw_ostream &llvm::errs() {
    670   // Set standard error to be unbuffered by default.
    671   static raw_fd_ostream S(STDERR_FILENO, false, true);
    672   return S;
    673 }
    674 
    675 /// nulls() - This returns a reference to a raw_ostream which discards output.
    676 raw_ostream &llvm::nulls() {
    677   static raw_null_ostream S;
    678   return S;
    679 }
    680 
    681 
    682 //===----------------------------------------------------------------------===//
    683 //  raw_string_ostream
    684 //===----------------------------------------------------------------------===//
    685 
    686 raw_string_ostream::~raw_string_ostream() {
    687   flush();
    688 }
    689 
    690 void raw_string_ostream::write_impl(const char *Ptr, size_t Size) {
    691   OS.append(Ptr, Size);
    692 }
    693 
    694 //===----------------------------------------------------------------------===//
    695 //  raw_svector_ostream
    696 //===----------------------------------------------------------------------===//
    697 
    698 // The raw_svector_ostream implementation uses the SmallVector itself as the
    699 // buffer for the raw_ostream. We guarantee that the raw_ostream buffer is
    700 // always pointing past the end of the vector, but within the vector
    701 // capacity. This allows raw_ostream to write directly into the correct place,
    702 // and we only need to set the vector size when the data is flushed.
    703 
    704 raw_svector_ostream::raw_svector_ostream(SmallVectorImpl<char> &O) : OS(O) {
    705   // Set up the initial external buffer. We make sure that the buffer has at
    706   // least 128 bytes free; raw_ostream itself only requires 64, but we want to
    707   // make sure that we don't grow the buffer unnecessarily on destruction (when
    708   // the data is flushed). See the FIXME below.
    709   OS.reserve(OS.size() + 128);
    710   SetBuffer(OS.end(), OS.capacity() - OS.size());
    711 }
    712 
    713 raw_svector_ostream::~raw_svector_ostream() {
    714   // FIXME: Prevent resizing during this flush().
    715   flush();
    716 }
    717 
    718 /// resync - This is called when the SmallVector we're appending to is changed
    719 /// outside of the raw_svector_ostream's control.  It is only safe to do this
    720 /// if the raw_svector_ostream has previously been flushed.
    721 void raw_svector_ostream::resync() {
    722   assert(GetNumBytesInBuffer() == 0 && "Didn't flush before mutating vector");
    723 
    724   if (OS.capacity() - OS.size() < 64)
    725     OS.reserve(OS.capacity() * 2);
    726   SetBuffer(OS.end(), OS.capacity() - OS.size());
    727 }
    728 
    729 void raw_svector_ostream::write_impl(const char *Ptr, size_t Size) {
    730   // If we're writing bytes from the end of the buffer into the smallvector, we
    731   // don't need to copy the bytes, just commit the bytes because they are
    732   // already in the right place.
    733   if (Ptr == OS.end()) {
    734     assert(OS.size() + Size <= OS.capacity() && "Invalid write_impl() call!");
    735     OS.set_size(OS.size() + Size);
    736   } else {
    737     assert(GetNumBytesInBuffer() == 0 &&
    738            "Should be writing from buffer if some bytes in it");
    739     // Otherwise, do copy the bytes.
    740     OS.append(Ptr, Ptr+Size);
    741   }
    742 
    743   // Grow the vector if necessary.
    744   if (OS.capacity() - OS.size() < 64)
    745     OS.reserve(OS.capacity() * 2);
    746 
    747   // Update the buffer position.
    748   SetBuffer(OS.end(), OS.capacity() - OS.size());
    749 }
    750 
    751 uint64_t raw_svector_ostream::current_pos() const {
    752    return OS.size();
    753 }
    754 
    755 StringRef raw_svector_ostream::str() {
    756   flush();
    757   return StringRef(OS.begin(), OS.size());
    758 }
    759 
    760 //===----------------------------------------------------------------------===//
    761 //  raw_null_ostream
    762 //===----------------------------------------------------------------------===//
    763 
    764 raw_null_ostream::~raw_null_ostream() {
    765 #ifndef NDEBUG
    766   // ~raw_ostream asserts that the buffer is empty. This isn't necessary
    767   // with raw_null_ostream, but it's better to have raw_null_ostream follow
    768   // the rules than to change the rules just for raw_null_ostream.
    769   flush();
    770 #endif
    771 }
    772 
    773 void raw_null_ostream::write_impl(const char *Ptr, size_t Size) {
    774 }
    775 
    776 uint64_t raw_null_ostream::current_pos() const {
    777   return 0;
    778 }
    779