1 /* 2 * Copyright (c) 1998 Robert Nordier 3 * All rights reserved. 4 * 5 * Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without 6 * modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions 7 * are met: 8 * 1. Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright 9 * notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer. 10 * 2. Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above copyright 11 * notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer in 12 * the documentation and/or other materials provided with the 13 * distribution. 14 * 15 * THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE AUTHOR(S) ``AS IS'' AND ANY EXPRESS 16 * OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED 17 * WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE 18 * ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE AUTHOR(S) BE LIABLE FOR ANY 19 * DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL, SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL 20 * DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE 21 * GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE, DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS 22 * INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER 23 * IN CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR 24 * OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN 25 * IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE. 26 */ 27 28 #ifndef lint 29 static const char rcsid[] = 30 "$FreeBSD: src/sbin/newfs_msdos/newfs_msdos.c,v 1.33 2009/04/11 14:56:29 ed Exp $"; 31 #endif /* not lint */ 32 33 #include <sys/param.h> 34 35 #ifndef ANDROID 36 #include <sys/fdcio.h> 37 #include <sys/disk.h> 38 #include <sys/disklabel.h> 39 #include <sys/mount.h> 40 #else 41 #include <stdarg.h> 42 #include <linux/fs.h> 43 #include <linux/hdreg.h> 44 #endif 45 46 #include <sys/stat.h> 47 #include <sys/time.h> 48 49 #include <ctype.h> 50 #include <err.h> 51 #include <errno.h> 52 #include <fcntl.h> 53 #include <inttypes.h> 54 #include <paths.h> 55 #include <stdio.h> 56 #include <stdlib.h> 57 #include <string.h> 58 #include <time.h> 59 #include <unistd.h> 60 61 #define MAXU16 0xffff /* maximum unsigned 16-bit quantity */ 62 #define BPN 4 /* bits per nibble */ 63 #define NPB 2 /* nibbles per byte */ 64 65 #define DOSMAGIC 0xaa55 /* DOS magic number */ 66 #define MINBPS 512 /* minimum bytes per sector */ 67 #define MAXSPC 128 /* maximum sectors per cluster */ 68 #define MAXNFT 16 /* maximum number of FATs */ 69 #define DEFBLK 4096 /* default block size */ 70 #define DEFBLK16 2048 /* default block size FAT16 */ 71 #define DEFRDE 512 /* default root directory entries */ 72 #define RESFTE 2 /* reserved FAT entries */ 73 #define MINCLS12 1 /* minimum FAT12 clusters */ 74 #define MINCLS16 0x1000 /* minimum FAT16 clusters */ 75 #define MINCLS32 2 /* minimum FAT32 clusters */ 76 #define MAXCLS12 0xfed /* maximum FAT12 clusters */ 77 #define MAXCLS16 0xfff5 /* maximum FAT16 clusters */ 78 #define MAXCLS32 0xffffff5 /* maximum FAT32 clusters */ 79 80 #define mincls(fat) ((fat) == 12 ? MINCLS12 : \ 81 (fat) == 16 ? MINCLS16 : \ 82 MINCLS32) 83 84 #define maxcls(fat) ((fat) == 12 ? MAXCLS12 : \ 85 (fat) == 16 ? MAXCLS16 : \ 86 MAXCLS32) 87 88 #define mk1(p, x) \ 89 (p) = (u_int8_t)(x) 90 91 #define mk2(p, x) \ 92 (p)[0] = (u_int8_t)(x), \ 93 (p)[1] = (u_int8_t)((x) >> 010) 94 95 #define mk4(p, x) \ 96 (p)[0] = (u_int8_t)(x), \ 97 (p)[1] = (u_int8_t)((x) >> 010), \ 98 (p)[2] = (u_int8_t)((x) >> 020), \ 99 (p)[3] = (u_int8_t)((x) >> 030) 100 101 #define argto1(arg, lo, msg) argtou(arg, lo, 0xff, msg) 102 #define argto2(arg, lo, msg) argtou(arg, lo, 0xffff, msg) 103 #define argto4(arg, lo, msg) argtou(arg, lo, 0xffffffff, msg) 104 #define argtox(arg, lo, msg) argtou(arg, lo, UINT_MAX, msg) 105 106 struct bs { 107 u_int8_t jmp[3]; /* bootstrap entry point */ 108 u_int8_t oem[8]; /* OEM name and version */ 109 }; 110 111 struct bsbpb { 112 u_int8_t bps[2]; /* bytes per sector */ 113 u_int8_t spc; /* sectors per cluster */ 114 u_int8_t res[2]; /* reserved sectors */ 115 u_int8_t nft; /* number of FATs */ 116 u_int8_t rde[2]; /* root directory entries */ 117 u_int8_t sec[2]; /* total sectors */ 118 u_int8_t mid; /* media descriptor */ 119 u_int8_t spf[2]; /* sectors per FAT */ 120 u_int8_t spt[2]; /* sectors per track */ 121 u_int8_t hds[2]; /* drive heads */ 122 u_int8_t hid[4]; /* hidden sectors */ 123 u_int8_t bsec[4]; /* big total sectors */ 124 }; 125 126 struct bsxbpb { 127 u_int8_t bspf[4]; /* big sectors per FAT */ 128 u_int8_t xflg[2]; /* FAT control flags */ 129 u_int8_t vers[2]; /* file system version */ 130 u_int8_t rdcl[4]; /* root directory start cluster */ 131 u_int8_t infs[2]; /* file system info sector */ 132 u_int8_t bkbs[2]; /* backup boot sector */ 133 u_int8_t rsvd[12]; /* reserved */ 134 }; 135 136 struct bsx { 137 u_int8_t drv; /* drive number */ 138 u_int8_t rsvd; /* reserved */ 139 u_int8_t sig; /* extended boot signature */ 140 u_int8_t volid[4]; /* volume ID number */ 141 u_int8_t label[11]; /* volume label */ 142 u_int8_t type[8]; /* file system type */ 143 }; 144 145 struct de { 146 u_int8_t namext[11]; /* name and extension */ 147 u_int8_t attr; /* attributes */ 148 u_int8_t rsvd[10]; /* reserved */ 149 u_int8_t time[2]; /* creation time */ 150 u_int8_t date[2]; /* creation date */ 151 u_int8_t clus[2]; /* starting cluster */ 152 u_int8_t size[4]; /* size */ 153 }; 154 155 struct bpb { 156 u_int bps; /* bytes per sector */ 157 u_int spc; /* sectors per cluster */ 158 u_int res; /* reserved sectors */ 159 u_int nft; /* number of FATs */ 160 u_int rde; /* root directory entries */ 161 u_int sec; /* total sectors */ 162 u_int mid; /* media descriptor */ 163 u_int spf; /* sectors per FAT */ 164 u_int spt; /* sectors per track */ 165 u_int hds; /* drive heads */ 166 u_int hid; /* hidden sectors */ 167 u_int bsec; /* big total sectors */ 168 u_int bspf; /* big sectors per FAT */ 169 u_int rdcl; /* root directory start cluster */ 170 u_int infs; /* file system info sector */ 171 u_int bkbs; /* backup boot sector */ 172 }; 173 174 #define BPBGAP 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0 175 176 static struct { 177 const char *name; 178 struct bpb bpb; 179 } const stdfmt[] = { 180 {"160", {512, 1, 1, 2, 64, 320, 0xfe, 1, 8, 1, BPBGAP}}, 181 {"180", {512, 1, 1, 2, 64, 360, 0xfc, 2, 9, 1, BPBGAP}}, 182 {"320", {512, 2, 1, 2, 112, 640, 0xff, 1, 8, 2, BPBGAP}}, 183 {"360", {512, 2, 1, 2, 112, 720, 0xfd, 2, 9, 2, BPBGAP}}, 184 {"640", {512, 2, 1, 2, 112, 1280, 0xfb, 2, 8, 2, BPBGAP}}, 185 {"720", {512, 2, 1, 2, 112, 1440, 0xf9, 3, 9, 2, BPBGAP}}, 186 {"1200", {512, 1, 1, 2, 224, 2400, 0xf9, 7, 15, 2, BPBGAP}}, 187 {"1232", {1024,1, 1, 2, 192, 1232, 0xfe, 2, 8, 2, BPBGAP}}, 188 {"1440", {512, 1, 1, 2, 224, 2880, 0xf0, 9, 18, 2, BPBGAP}}, 189 {"2880", {512, 2, 1, 2, 240, 5760, 0xf0, 9, 36, 2, BPBGAP}} 190 }; 191 192 static const u_int8_t bootcode[] = { 193 0xfa, /* cli */ 194 0x31, 0xc0, /* xor ax,ax */ 195 0x8e, 0xd0, /* mov ss,ax */ 196 0xbc, 0x00, 0x7c, /* mov sp,7c00h */ 197 0xfb, /* sti */ 198 0x8e, 0xd8, /* mov ds,ax */ 199 0xe8, 0x00, 0x00, /* call $ + 3 */ 200 0x5e, /* pop si */ 201 0x83, 0xc6, 0x19, /* add si,+19h */ 202 0xbb, 0x07, 0x00, /* mov bx,0007h */ 203 0xfc, /* cld */ 204 0xac, /* lodsb */ 205 0x84, 0xc0, /* test al,al */ 206 0x74, 0x06, /* jz $ + 8 */ 207 0xb4, 0x0e, /* mov ah,0eh */ 208 0xcd, 0x10, /* int 10h */ 209 0xeb, 0xf5, /* jmp $ - 9 */ 210 0x30, 0xe4, /* xor ah,ah */ 211 0xcd, 0x16, /* int 16h */ 212 0xcd, 0x19, /* int 19h */ 213 0x0d, 0x0a, 214 'N', 'o', 'n', '-', 's', 'y', 's', 't', 215 'e', 'm', ' ', 'd', 'i', 's', 'k', 216 0x0d, 0x0a, 217 'P', 'r', 'e', 's', 's', ' ', 'a', 'n', 218 'y', ' ', 'k', 'e', 'y', ' ', 't', 'o', 219 ' ', 'r', 'e', 'b', 'o', 'o', 't', 220 0x0d, 0x0a, 221 0 222 }; 223 224 static void check_mounted(const char *, mode_t); 225 static void getstdfmt(const char *, struct bpb *); 226 static void getdiskinfo(int, const char *, const char *, int, 227 struct bpb *); 228 static void print_bpb(struct bpb *); 229 static u_int ckgeom(const char *, u_int, const char *); 230 static u_int argtou(const char *, u_int, u_int, const char *); 231 static off_t argtooff(const char *, const char *); 232 static int oklabel(const char *); 233 static void mklabel(u_int8_t *, const char *); 234 static void setstr(u_int8_t *, const char *, size_t); 235 static void usage(void); 236 237 #ifdef ANDROID 238 #define powerof2(x) ((((x) - 1) & (x)) == 0) 239 #define howmany(x, y) (((x) + ((y) - 1)) / (y)) 240 #define MAX(x,y) ((x) > (y) ? (x) : (y)) 241 #define MIN(a, b) ((a) < (b) ? (a) : (b)) 242 243 #endif 244 /* 245 * Construct a FAT12, FAT16, or FAT32 file system. 246 */ 247 int 248 newfs_msdos_main(int argc, char *argv[]) 249 { 250 static const char opts[] = "@:NB:C:F:I:L:O:S:a:b:c:e:f:h:i:k:m:n:o:r:s:u:"; 251 const char *opt_B = NULL, *opt_L = NULL, *opt_O = NULL, *opt_f = NULL; 252 u_int opt_F = 0, opt_I = 0, opt_S = 0, opt_a = 0, opt_b = 0, opt_c = 0; 253 u_int opt_e = 0, opt_h = 0, opt_i = 0, opt_k = 0, opt_m = 0, opt_n = 0; 254 u_int opt_o = 0, opt_r = 0, opt_s = 0, opt_u = 0; 255 int opt_N = 0; 256 int Iflag = 0, mflag = 0, oflag = 0; 257 char buf[MAXPATHLEN]; 258 struct stat sb; 259 struct timeval tv; 260 struct bpb bpb; 261 struct tm *tm; 262 struct bs *bs; 263 struct bsbpb *bsbpb; 264 struct bsxbpb *bsxbpb; 265 struct bsx *bsx; 266 struct de *de; 267 u_int8_t *img; 268 const char *fname, *dtype, *bname; 269 ssize_t n; 270 time_t now; 271 u_int fat, bss, rds, cls, dir, lsn, x, x1, x2; 272 int ch, fd, fd1; 273 off_t opt_create = 0, opt_ofs = 0; 274 275 while ((ch = getopt(argc, argv, opts)) != -1) 276 switch (ch) { 277 case '@': 278 opt_ofs = argtooff(optarg, "offset"); 279 break; 280 case 'N': 281 opt_N = 1; 282 break; 283 case 'B': 284 opt_B = optarg; 285 break; 286 case 'C': 287 opt_create = argtooff(optarg, "create size"); 288 break; 289 case 'F': 290 if (strcmp(optarg, "12") && 291 strcmp(optarg, "16") && 292 strcmp(optarg, "32")) 293 errx(1, "%s: bad FAT type", optarg); 294 opt_F = atoi(optarg); 295 break; 296 case 'I': 297 opt_I = argto4(optarg, 0, "volume ID"); 298 Iflag = 1; 299 break; 300 case 'L': 301 if (!oklabel(optarg)) 302 errx(1, "%s: bad volume label", optarg); 303 opt_L = optarg; 304 break; 305 case 'O': 306 if (strlen(optarg) > 8) 307 errx(1, "%s: bad OEM string", optarg); 308 opt_O = optarg; 309 break; 310 case 'S': 311 opt_S = argto2(optarg, 1, "bytes/sector"); 312 break; 313 case 'a': 314 opt_a = argto4(optarg, 1, "sectors/FAT"); 315 break; 316 case 'b': 317 opt_b = argtox(optarg, 1, "block size"); 318 opt_c = 0; 319 break; 320 case 'c': 321 opt_c = argto1(optarg, 1, "sectors/cluster"); 322 opt_b = 0; 323 break; 324 case 'e': 325 opt_e = argto2(optarg, 1, "directory entries"); 326 break; 327 case 'f': 328 opt_f = optarg; 329 break; 330 case 'h': 331 opt_h = argto2(optarg, 1, "drive heads"); 332 break; 333 case 'i': 334 opt_i = argto2(optarg, 1, "info sector"); 335 break; 336 case 'k': 337 opt_k = argto2(optarg, 1, "backup sector"); 338 break; 339 case 'm': 340 opt_m = argto1(optarg, 0, "media descriptor"); 341 mflag = 1; 342 break; 343 case 'n': 344 opt_n = argto1(optarg, 1, "number of FATs"); 345 break; 346 case 'o': 347 opt_o = argto4(optarg, 0, "hidden sectors"); 348 oflag = 1; 349 break; 350 case 'r': 351 opt_r = argto2(optarg, 1, "reserved sectors"); 352 break; 353 case 's': 354 opt_s = argto4(optarg, 1, "file system size"); 355 break; 356 case 'u': 357 opt_u = argto2(optarg, 1, "sectors/track"); 358 break; 359 default: 360 usage(); 361 } 362 argc -= optind; 363 argv += optind; 364 if (argc < 1 || argc > 2) 365 usage(); 366 fname = *argv++; 367 if (!opt_create && !strchr(fname, '/')) { 368 snprintf(buf, sizeof(buf), "%s%s", _PATH_DEV, fname); 369 if (!(fname = strdup(buf))) 370 err(1, NULL); 371 } 372 dtype = *argv; 373 if (opt_create) { 374 if (opt_N) 375 errx(1, "create (-C) is incompatible with -N"); 376 fd = open(fname, O_RDWR | O_CREAT | O_TRUNC, 0644); 377 if (fd == -1) 378 errx(1, "failed to create %s", fname); 379 if (ftruncate(fd, opt_create)) 380 errx(1, "failed to initialize %jd bytes", (intmax_t)opt_create); 381 } else if ((fd = open(fname, opt_N ? O_RDONLY : O_RDWR)) == -1) 382 err(1, "%s", fname); 383 if (fstat(fd, &sb)) 384 err(1, "%s", fname); 385 if (opt_create) { 386 if (!S_ISREG(sb.st_mode)) 387 warnx("warning, %s is not a regular file", fname); 388 } else { 389 if (!S_ISCHR(sb.st_mode)) 390 warnx("warning, %s is not a character device", fname); 391 } 392 if (!opt_N) 393 check_mounted(fname, sb.st_mode); 394 if (opt_ofs && opt_ofs != lseek(fd, opt_ofs, SEEK_SET)) 395 errx(1, "cannot seek to %jd", (intmax_t)opt_ofs); 396 memset(&bpb, 0, sizeof(bpb)); 397 if (opt_f) { 398 getstdfmt(opt_f, &bpb); 399 bpb.bsec = bpb.sec; 400 bpb.sec = 0; 401 bpb.bspf = bpb.spf; 402 bpb.spf = 0; 403 } 404 if (opt_h) 405 bpb.hds = opt_h; 406 if (opt_u) 407 bpb.spt = opt_u; 408 if (opt_S) 409 bpb.bps = opt_S; 410 if (opt_s) 411 bpb.bsec = opt_s; 412 if (oflag) 413 bpb.hid = opt_o; 414 if (!(opt_f || (opt_h && opt_u && opt_S && opt_s && oflag))) { 415 off_t delta; 416 getdiskinfo(fd, fname, dtype, oflag, &bpb); 417 if (opt_s) { 418 bpb.bsec = opt_s; 419 } 420 bpb.bsec -= (opt_ofs / bpb.bps); 421 delta = bpb.bsec % bpb.spt; 422 if (delta != 0) { 423 warnx("trim %d sectors from %d to adjust to a multiple of %d", 424 (int)delta, bpb.bsec, bpb.spt); 425 bpb.bsec -= delta; 426 } 427 if (bpb.spc == 0) { /* set defaults */ 428 if (bpb.bsec <= 6000) /* about 3MB -> 512 bytes */ 429 bpb.spc = 1; 430 else if (bpb.bsec <= (1<<17)) /* 64M -> 4k */ 431 bpb.spc = 8; 432 else if (bpb.bsec <= (1<<19)) /* 256M -> 8k */ 433 bpb.spc = 16; 434 else if (bpb.bsec <= (1<<22)) /* 2G -> 16k, some versions of windows 435 require a minimum of 65527 clusters */ 436 bpb.spc = 32; 437 else 438 bpb.spc = 64; /* otherwise 32k */ 439 } 440 } 441 if (!powerof2(bpb.bps)) 442 errx(1, "bytes/sector (%u) is not a power of 2", bpb.bps); 443 if (bpb.bps < MINBPS) 444 errx(1, "bytes/sector (%u) is too small; minimum is %u", 445 bpb.bps, MINBPS); 446 if (!(fat = opt_F)) { 447 if (opt_f) 448 fat = 12; 449 else if (!opt_e && (opt_i || opt_k)) 450 fat = 32; 451 } 452 if ((fat == 32 && opt_e) || (fat != 32 && (opt_i || opt_k))) 453 errx(1, "-%c is not a legal FAT%s option", 454 fat == 32 ? 'e' : opt_i ? 'i' : 'k', 455 fat == 32 ? "32" : "12/16"); 456 if (opt_f && fat == 32) 457 bpb.rde = 0; 458 if (opt_b) { 459 if (!powerof2(opt_b)) 460 errx(1, "block size (%u) is not a power of 2", opt_b); 461 if (opt_b < bpb.bps) 462 errx(1, "block size (%u) is too small; minimum is %u", 463 opt_b, bpb.bps); 464 if (opt_b > bpb.bps * MAXSPC) 465 errx(1, "block size (%u) is too large; maximum is %u", 466 opt_b, bpb.bps * MAXSPC); 467 bpb.spc = opt_b / bpb.bps; 468 } 469 if (opt_c) { 470 if (!powerof2(opt_c)) 471 errx(1, "sectors/cluster (%u) is not a power of 2", opt_c); 472 bpb.spc = opt_c; 473 } 474 if (opt_r) 475 bpb.res = opt_r; 476 if (opt_n) { 477 if (opt_n > MAXNFT) 478 errx(1, "number of FATs (%u) is too large; maximum is %u", 479 opt_n, MAXNFT); 480 bpb.nft = opt_n; 481 } 482 if (opt_e) 483 bpb.rde = opt_e; 484 if (mflag) { 485 if (opt_m < 0xf0) 486 errx(1, "illegal media descriptor (%#x)", opt_m); 487 bpb.mid = opt_m; 488 } 489 if (opt_a) 490 bpb.bspf = opt_a; 491 if (opt_i) 492 bpb.infs = opt_i; 493 if (opt_k) 494 bpb.bkbs = opt_k; 495 bss = 1; 496 bname = NULL; 497 fd1 = -1; 498 if (opt_B) { 499 bname = opt_B; 500 if (!strchr(bname, '/')) { 501 snprintf(buf, sizeof(buf), "/boot/%s", bname); 502 if (!(bname = strdup(buf))) 503 err(1, NULL); 504 } 505 if ((fd1 = open(bname, O_RDONLY)) == -1 || fstat(fd1, &sb)) 506 err(1, "%s", bname); 507 if (!S_ISREG(sb.st_mode) || sb.st_size % bpb.bps || 508 sb.st_size < bpb.bps || sb.st_size > bpb.bps * MAXU16) 509 errx(1, "%s: inappropriate file type or format", bname); 510 bss = sb.st_size / bpb.bps; 511 } 512 if (!bpb.nft) 513 bpb.nft = 2; 514 if (!fat) { 515 if (bpb.bsec < (bpb.res ? bpb.res : bss) + 516 howmany((RESFTE + (bpb.spc ? MINCLS16 : MAXCLS12 + 1)) * 517 ((bpb.spc ? 16 : 12) / BPN), bpb.bps * NPB) * 518 bpb.nft + 519 howmany(bpb.rde ? bpb.rde : DEFRDE, 520 bpb.bps / sizeof(struct de)) + 521 (bpb.spc ? MINCLS16 : MAXCLS12 + 1) * 522 (bpb.spc ? bpb.spc : howmany(DEFBLK, bpb.bps))) 523 fat = 12; 524 else if (bpb.rde || bpb.bsec < 525 (bpb.res ? bpb.res : bss) + 526 howmany((RESFTE + MAXCLS16) * 2, bpb.bps) * bpb.nft + 527 howmany(DEFRDE, bpb.bps / sizeof(struct de)) + 528 (MAXCLS16 + 1) * 529 (bpb.spc ? bpb.spc : howmany(8192, bpb.bps))) 530 fat = 16; 531 else 532 fat = 32; 533 } 534 x = bss; 535 if (fat == 32) { 536 if (!bpb.infs) { 537 if (x == MAXU16 || x == bpb.bkbs) 538 errx(1, "no room for info sector"); 539 bpb.infs = x; 540 } 541 if (bpb.infs != MAXU16 && x <= bpb.infs) 542 x = bpb.infs + 1; 543 if (!bpb.bkbs) { 544 if (x == MAXU16) 545 errx(1, "no room for backup sector"); 546 bpb.bkbs = x; 547 } else if (bpb.bkbs != MAXU16 && bpb.bkbs == bpb.infs) 548 errx(1, "backup sector would overwrite info sector"); 549 if (bpb.bkbs != MAXU16 && x <= bpb.bkbs) 550 x = bpb.bkbs + 1; 551 } 552 if (!bpb.res) 553 bpb.res = fat == 32 ? MAX(x, MAX(16384 / bpb.bps, 4)) : x; 554 else if (bpb.res < x) 555 errx(1, "too few reserved sectors"); 556 if (fat != 32 && !bpb.rde) 557 bpb.rde = DEFRDE; 558 rds = howmany(bpb.rde, bpb.bps / sizeof(struct de)); 559 if (!bpb.spc) 560 for (bpb.spc = howmany(fat == 16 ? DEFBLK16 : DEFBLK, bpb.bps); 561 bpb.spc < MAXSPC && 562 bpb.res + 563 howmany((RESFTE + maxcls(fat)) * (fat / BPN), 564 bpb.bps * NPB) * bpb.nft + 565 rds + 566 (u_int64_t)(maxcls(fat) + 1) * bpb.spc <= bpb.bsec; 567 bpb.spc <<= 1); 568 if (fat != 32 && bpb.bspf > MAXU16) 569 errx(1, "too many sectors/FAT for FAT12/16"); 570 x1 = bpb.res + rds; 571 x = bpb.bspf ? bpb.bspf : 1; 572 if (x1 + (u_int64_t)x * bpb.nft > bpb.bsec) 573 errx(1, "meta data exceeds file system size"); 574 x1 += x * bpb.nft; 575 x = (u_int64_t)(bpb.bsec - x1) * bpb.bps * NPB / 576 (bpb.spc * bpb.bps * NPB + fat / BPN * bpb.nft); 577 x2 = howmany((RESFTE + MIN(x, maxcls(fat))) * (fat / BPN), 578 bpb.bps * NPB); 579 if (!bpb.bspf) { 580 bpb.bspf = x2; 581 x1 += (bpb.bspf - 1) * bpb.nft; 582 } 583 cls = (bpb.bsec - x1) / bpb.spc; 584 x = (u_int64_t)bpb.bspf * bpb.bps * NPB / (fat / BPN) - RESFTE; 585 if (cls > x) 586 cls = x; 587 if (bpb.bspf < x2) 588 warnx("warning: sectors/FAT limits file system to %u clusters", 589 cls); 590 if (cls < mincls(fat)) 591 errx(1, "%u clusters too few clusters for FAT%u, need %u", cls, fat, 592 mincls(fat)); 593 if (cls > maxcls(fat)) { 594 cls = maxcls(fat); 595 bpb.bsec = x1 + (cls + 1) * bpb.spc - 1; 596 warnx("warning: FAT type limits file system to %u sectors", 597 bpb.bsec); 598 } 599 printf("%s: %u sector%s in %u FAT%u cluster%s " 600 "(%u bytes/cluster)\n", fname, cls * bpb.spc, 601 cls * bpb.spc == 1 ? "" : "s", cls, fat, 602 cls == 1 ? "" : "s", bpb.bps * bpb.spc); 603 if (!bpb.mid) 604 bpb.mid = !bpb.hid ? 0xf0 : 0xf8; 605 if (fat == 32) 606 bpb.rdcl = RESFTE; 607 if (bpb.hid + bpb.bsec <= MAXU16) { 608 bpb.sec = bpb.bsec; 609 bpb.bsec = 0; 610 } 611 if (fat != 32) { 612 bpb.spf = bpb.bspf; 613 bpb.bspf = 0; 614 } 615 print_bpb(&bpb); 616 if (!opt_N) { 617 gettimeofday(&tv, NULL); 618 now = tv.tv_sec; 619 tm = localtime(&now); 620 if (!(img = malloc(bpb.bps))) 621 err(1, NULL); 622 dir = bpb.res + (bpb.spf ? bpb.spf : bpb.bspf) * bpb.nft; 623 for (lsn = 0; lsn < dir + (fat == 32 ? bpb.spc : rds); lsn++) { 624 x = lsn; 625 if (opt_B && 626 fat == 32 && bpb.bkbs != MAXU16 && 627 bss <= bpb.bkbs && x >= bpb.bkbs) { 628 x -= bpb.bkbs; 629 if (!x && lseek(fd1, opt_ofs, SEEK_SET)) 630 err(1, "%s", bname); 631 } 632 if (opt_B && x < bss) { 633 if ((n = read(fd1, img, bpb.bps)) == -1) 634 err(1, "%s", bname); 635 if ((unsigned)n != bpb.bps) 636 errx(1, "%s: can't read sector %u", bname, x); 637 } else 638 memset(img, 0, bpb.bps); 639 if (!lsn || 640 (fat == 32 && bpb.bkbs != MAXU16 && lsn == bpb.bkbs)) { 641 x1 = sizeof(struct bs); 642 bsbpb = (struct bsbpb *)(img + x1); 643 mk2(bsbpb->bps, bpb.bps); 644 mk1(bsbpb->spc, bpb.spc); 645 mk2(bsbpb->res, bpb.res); 646 mk1(bsbpb->nft, bpb.nft); 647 mk2(bsbpb->rde, bpb.rde); 648 mk2(bsbpb->sec, bpb.sec); 649 mk1(bsbpb->mid, bpb.mid); 650 mk2(bsbpb->spf, bpb.spf); 651 mk2(bsbpb->spt, bpb.spt); 652 mk2(bsbpb->hds, bpb.hds); 653 mk4(bsbpb->hid, bpb.hid); 654 mk4(bsbpb->bsec, bpb.bsec); 655 x1 += sizeof(struct bsbpb); 656 if (fat == 32) { 657 bsxbpb = (struct bsxbpb *)(img + x1); 658 mk4(bsxbpb->bspf, bpb.bspf); 659 mk2(bsxbpb->xflg, 0); 660 mk2(bsxbpb->vers, 0); 661 mk4(bsxbpb->rdcl, bpb.rdcl); 662 mk2(bsxbpb->infs, bpb.infs); 663 mk2(bsxbpb->bkbs, bpb.bkbs); 664 x1 += sizeof(struct bsxbpb); 665 } 666 bsx = (struct bsx *)(img + x1); 667 mk1(bsx->sig, 0x29); 668 if (Iflag) 669 x = opt_I; 670 else 671 x = (((u_int)(1 + tm->tm_mon) << 8 | 672 (u_int)tm->tm_mday) + 673 ((u_int)tm->tm_sec << 8 | 674 (u_int)(tv.tv_usec / 10))) << 16 | 675 ((u_int)(1900 + tm->tm_year) + 676 ((u_int)tm->tm_hour << 8 | 677 (u_int)tm->tm_min)); 678 mk4(bsx->volid, x); 679 mklabel(bsx->label, opt_L ? opt_L : "NO NAME"); 680 sprintf(buf, "FAT%u", fat); 681 setstr(bsx->type, buf, sizeof(bsx->type)); 682 if (!opt_B) { 683 x1 += sizeof(struct bsx); 684 bs = (struct bs *)img; 685 mk1(bs->jmp[0], 0xeb); 686 mk1(bs->jmp[1], x1 - 2); 687 mk1(bs->jmp[2], 0x90); 688 setstr(bs->oem, opt_O ? opt_O : "BSD 4.4", 689 sizeof(bs->oem)); 690 memcpy(img + x1, bootcode, sizeof(bootcode)); 691 mk2(img + MINBPS - 2, DOSMAGIC); 692 } 693 } else if (fat == 32 && bpb.infs != MAXU16 && 694 (lsn == bpb.infs || 695 (bpb.bkbs != MAXU16 && 696 lsn == bpb.bkbs + bpb.infs))) { 697 mk4(img, 0x41615252); 698 mk4(img + MINBPS - 28, 0x61417272); 699 mk4(img + MINBPS - 24, 0xffffffff); 700 mk4(img + MINBPS - 20, bpb.rdcl); 701 mk2(img + MINBPS - 2, DOSMAGIC); 702 } else if (lsn >= bpb.res && lsn < dir && 703 !((lsn - bpb.res) % 704 (bpb.spf ? bpb.spf : bpb.bspf))) { 705 mk1(img[0], bpb.mid); 706 for (x = 1; x < fat * (fat == 32 ? 3 : 2) / 8; x++) 707 mk1(img[x], fat == 32 && x % 4 == 3 ? 0x0f : 0xff); 708 } else if (lsn == dir && opt_L) { 709 de = (struct de *)img; 710 mklabel(de->namext, opt_L); 711 mk1(de->attr, 050); 712 x = (u_int)tm->tm_hour << 11 | 713 (u_int)tm->tm_min << 5 | 714 (u_int)tm->tm_sec >> 1; 715 mk2(de->time, x); 716 x = (u_int)(tm->tm_year - 80) << 9 | 717 (u_int)(tm->tm_mon + 1) << 5 | 718 (u_int)tm->tm_mday; 719 mk2(de->date, x); 720 } 721 if ((n = write(fd, img, bpb.bps)) == -1) 722 err(1, "%s", fname); 723 if ((unsigned)n != bpb.bps) { 724 errx(1, "%s: can't write sector %u", fname, lsn); 725 exit(1); 726 } 727 } 728 } 729 return 0; 730 } 731 732 /* 733 * Exit with error if file system is mounted. 734 */ 735 static void 736 check_mounted(const char *fname, mode_t mode) 737 { 738 struct statfs *mp; 739 const char *s1, *s2; 740 size_t len; 741 int n, r; 742 743 #ifdef ANDROID 744 warnx("Skipping mount checks"); 745 #else 746 if (!(n = getmntinfo(&mp, MNT_NOWAIT))) 747 err(1, "getmntinfo"); 748 len = strlen(_PATH_DEV); 749 s1 = fname; 750 if (!strncmp(s1, _PATH_DEV, len)) 751 s1 += len; 752 r = S_ISCHR(mode) && s1 != fname && *s1 == 'r'; 753 for (; n--; mp++) { 754 s2 = mp->f_mntfromname; 755 if (!strncmp(s2, _PATH_DEV, len)) 756 s2 += len; 757 if ((r && s2 != mp->f_mntfromname && !strcmp(s1 + 1, s2)) || 758 !strcmp(s1, s2)) 759 errx(1, "%s is mounted on %s", fname, mp->f_mntonname); 760 } 761 #endif 762 } 763 764 /* 765 * Get a standard format. 766 */ 767 static void 768 getstdfmt(const char *fmt, struct bpb *bpb) 769 { 770 u_int x, i; 771 772 x = sizeof(stdfmt) / sizeof(stdfmt[0]); 773 for (i = 0; i < x && strcmp(fmt, stdfmt[i].name); i++); 774 if (i == x) 775 errx(1, "%s: unknown standard format", fmt); 776 *bpb = stdfmt[i].bpb; 777 } 778 779 /* 780 * Get disk slice, partition, and geometry information. 781 */ 782 783 #ifdef ANDROID 784 static void 785 getdiskinfo(int fd, const char *fname, const char *dtype, __unused int oflag, 786 struct bpb *bpb) 787 { 788 struct hd_geometry geom; 789 790 if (ioctl(fd, BLKSSZGET, &bpb->bps)) { 791 fprintf(stderr, "Error getting bytes / sector (%s)\n", strerror(errno)); 792 exit(1); 793 } 794 795 ckgeom(fname, bpb->bps, "bytes/sector"); 796 797 if (ioctl(fd, BLKGETSIZE, &bpb->bsec)) { 798 fprintf(stderr, "Error getting blocksize (%s)\n", strerror(errno)); 799 exit(1); 800 } 801 802 if (ioctl(fd, HDIO_GETGEO, &geom)) { 803 fprintf(stderr, "Error getting gemoetry (%s) - trying sane values\n", strerror(errno)); 804 geom.heads = 64; 805 geom.sectors = 63; 806 } 807 808 if (!geom.heads) { 809 printf("Bogus heads from kernel - setting sane value\n"); 810 geom.heads = 64; 811 } 812 813 if (!geom.sectors) { 814 printf("Bogus sectors from kernel - setting sane value\n"); 815 geom.sectors = 63; 816 } 817 818 bpb->spt = geom.sectors; 819 ckgeom(fname, bpb->spt, "sectors/track"); 820 821 bpb->hds = geom.heads; 822 ckgeom(fname, bpb->hds, "drive heads"); 823 } 824 825 #else 826 827 static void 828 getdiskinfo(int fd, const char *fname, const char *dtype, __unused int oflag, 829 struct bpb *bpb) 830 { 831 struct disklabel *lp, dlp; 832 struct fd_type type; 833 off_t ms, hs = 0; 834 835 lp = NULL; 836 837 /* If the user specified a disk type, try to use that */ 838 if (dtype != NULL) { 839 lp = getdiskbyname(dtype); 840 } 841 842 /* Maybe it's a floppy drive */ 843 if (lp == NULL) { 844 if (ioctl(fd, DIOCGMEDIASIZE, &ms) == -1) { 845 struct stat st; 846 847 if (fstat(fd, &st)) 848 err(1, "Cannot get disk size"); 849 /* create a fake geometry for a file image */ 850 ms = st.st_size; 851 dlp.d_secsize = 512; 852 dlp.d_nsectors = 63; 853 dlp.d_ntracks = 255; 854 dlp.d_secperunit = ms / dlp.d_secsize; 855 lp = &dlp; 856 } else if (ioctl(fd, FD_GTYPE, &type) != -1) { 857 dlp.d_secsize = 128 << type.secsize; 858 dlp.d_nsectors = type.sectrac; 859 dlp.d_ntracks = type.heads; 860 dlp.d_secperunit = ms / dlp.d_secsize; 861 lp = &dlp; 862 } 863 } 864 865 /* Maybe it's a fixed drive */ 866 if (lp == NULL) { 867 if (ioctl(fd, DIOCGDINFO, &dlp) == -1) { 868 if (bpb->bps == 0 && ioctl(fd, DIOCGSECTORSIZE, &dlp.d_secsize) == -1) 869 errx(1, "Cannot get sector size, %s", strerror(errno)); 870 871 /* XXX Should we use bpb->bps if it's set? */ 872 dlp.d_secperunit = ms / dlp.d_secsize; 873 874 if (bpb->spt == 0 && ioctl(fd, DIOCGFWSECTORS, &dlp.d_nsectors) == -1) { 875 warnx("Cannot get number of sectors per track, %s", strerror(errno)); 876 dlp.d_nsectors = 63; 877 } 878 if (bpb->hds == 0 && ioctl(fd, DIOCGFWHEADS, &dlp.d_ntracks) == -1) { 879 warnx("Cannot get number of heads, %s", strerror(errno)); 880 if (dlp.d_secperunit <= 63*1*1024) 881 dlp.d_ntracks = 1; 882 else if (dlp.d_secperunit <= 63*16*1024) 883 dlp.d_ntracks = 16; 884 else 885 dlp.d_ntracks = 255; 886 } 887 } 888 889 hs = (ms / dlp.d_secsize) - dlp.d_secperunit; 890 lp = &dlp; 891 } 892 893 if (bpb->bps == 0) 894 bpb->bps = ckgeom(fname, lp->d_secsize, "bytes/sector"); 895 if (bpb->spt == 0) 896 bpb->spt = ckgeom(fname, lp->d_nsectors, "sectors/track"); 897 if (bpb->hds == 0) 898 bpb->hds = ckgeom(fname, lp->d_ntracks, "drive heads"); 899 if (bpb->bsec == 0) 900 bpb->bsec = lp->d_secperunit; 901 if (bpb->hid == 0) 902 bpb->hid = hs; 903 } 904 #endif 905 906 /* 907 * Print out BPB values. 908 */ 909 static void 910 print_bpb(struct bpb *bpb) 911 { 912 printf("bps=%u spc=%u res=%u nft=%u", bpb->bps, bpb->spc, bpb->res, 913 bpb->nft); 914 if (bpb->rde) 915 printf(" rde=%u", bpb->rde); 916 if (bpb->sec) 917 printf(" sec=%u", bpb->sec); 918 printf(" mid=%#x", bpb->mid); 919 if (bpb->spf) 920 printf(" spf=%u", bpb->spf); 921 printf(" spt=%u hds=%u hid=%u", bpb->spt, bpb->hds, bpb->hid); 922 if (bpb->bsec) 923 printf(" bsec=%u", bpb->bsec); 924 if (!bpb->spf) { 925 printf(" bspf=%u rdcl=%u", bpb->bspf, bpb->rdcl); 926 printf(" infs="); 927 printf(bpb->infs == MAXU16 ? "%#x" : "%u", bpb->infs); 928 printf(" bkbs="); 929 printf(bpb->bkbs == MAXU16 ? "%#x" : "%u", bpb->bkbs); 930 } 931 printf("\n"); 932 } 933 934 /* 935 * Check a disk geometry value. 936 */ 937 static u_int 938 ckgeom(const char *fname, u_int val, const char *msg) 939 { 940 if (!val) 941 errx(1, "%s: no default %s", fname, msg); 942 if (val > MAXU16) 943 errx(1, "%s: illegal %s %d", fname, msg, val); 944 return val; 945 } 946 947 /* 948 * Convert and check a numeric option argument. 949 */ 950 static u_int 951 argtou(const char *arg, u_int lo, u_int hi, const char *msg) 952 { 953 char *s; 954 u_long x; 955 956 errno = 0; 957 x = strtoul(arg, &s, 0); 958 if (errno || !*arg || *s || x < lo || x > hi) 959 errx(1, "%s: bad %s", arg, msg); 960 return x; 961 } 962 963 /* 964 * Same for off_t, with optional skmgpP suffix 965 */ 966 static off_t 967 argtooff(const char *arg, const char *msg) 968 { 969 char *s; 970 off_t x; 971 972 x = strtoll(arg, &s, 0); 973 /* allow at most one extra char */ 974 if (errno || x < 0 || (s[0] && s[1]) ) 975 errx(1, "%s: bad %s", arg, msg); 976 if (*s) { /* the extra char is the multiplier */ 977 switch (*s) { 978 default: 979 errx(1, "%s: bad %s", arg, msg); 980 /* notreached */ 981 982 case 's': /* sector */ 983 case 'S': 984 x <<= 9; /* times 512 */ 985 break; 986 987 case 'k': /* kilobyte */ 988 case 'K': 989 x <<= 10; /* times 1024 */ 990 break; 991 992 case 'm': /* megabyte */ 993 case 'M': 994 x <<= 20; /* times 1024*1024 */ 995 break; 996 997 case 'g': /* gigabyte */ 998 case 'G': 999 x <<= 30; /* times 1024*1024*1024 */ 1000 break; 1001 1002 case 'p': /* partition start */ 1003 case 'P': /* partition start */ 1004 case 'l': /* partition length */ 1005 case 'L': /* partition length */ 1006 errx(1, "%s: not supported yet %s", arg, msg); 1007 /* notreached */ 1008 } 1009 } 1010 return x; 1011 } 1012 1013 /* 1014 * Check a volume label. 1015 */ 1016 static int 1017 oklabel(const char *src) 1018 { 1019 int c, i; 1020 1021 for (i = 0; i <= 11; i++) { 1022 c = (u_char)*src++; 1023 if (c < ' ' + !i || strchr("\"*+,./:;<=>?[\\]|", c)) 1024 break; 1025 } 1026 return i && !c; 1027 } 1028 1029 /* 1030 * Make a volume label. 1031 */ 1032 static void 1033 mklabel(u_int8_t *dest, const char *src) 1034 { 1035 int c, i; 1036 1037 for (i = 0; i < 11; i++) { 1038 c = *src ? toupper(*src++) : ' '; 1039 *dest++ = !i && c == '\xe5' ? 5 : c; 1040 } 1041 } 1042 1043 /* 1044 * Copy string, padding with spaces. 1045 */ 1046 static void 1047 setstr(u_int8_t *dest, const char *src, size_t len) 1048 { 1049 while (len--) 1050 *dest++ = *src ? *src++ : ' '; 1051 } 1052 1053 /* 1054 * Print usage message. 1055 */ 1056 static void 1057 usage(void) 1058 { 1059 fprintf(stderr, 1060 "usage: newfs_msdos [ -options ] special [disktype]\n" 1061 "where the options are:\n" 1062 "\t-@ create file system at specified offset\n" 1063 "\t-B get bootstrap from file\n" 1064 "\t-C create image file with specified size\n" 1065 "\t-F FAT type (12, 16, or 32)\n" 1066 "\t-I volume ID\n" 1067 "\t-L volume label\n" 1068 "\t-N don't create file system: just print out parameters\n" 1069 "\t-O OEM string\n" 1070 "\t-S bytes/sector\n" 1071 "\t-a sectors/FAT\n" 1072 "\t-b block size\n" 1073 "\t-c sectors/cluster\n" 1074 "\t-e root directory entries\n" 1075 "\t-f standard format\n" 1076 "\t-h drive heads\n" 1077 "\t-i file system info sector\n" 1078 "\t-k backup boot sector\n" 1079 "\t-m media descriptor\n" 1080 "\t-n number of FATs\n" 1081 "\t-o hidden sectors\n" 1082 "\t-r reserved sectors\n" 1083 "\t-s file system size (sectors)\n" 1084 "\t-u sectors/track\n"); 1085 exit(1); 1086 } 1087
