You must declare the "wallpaper" permission in the app manifest to use the wallpaper API. For example:
{ "name": "My extension", ... "permissions": [ "wallpaper" ], ... }
For example, to set the wallpaper as the image at
http://example.com/a_file.png
, you can call
chrome.wallpaper.setWallpaper
this way:
chrome.wallpaper.setWallpaper( { 'url': 'http://example.com/a_file.jpg', 'layout': 'CENTER_CROPPED', 'name': 'test_wallpaper' }, function() {});