1 /* 2 * Copyright (c) 1998 Robert Nordier 3 * All rights reserved. 4 * 5 * Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without 6 * modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions 7 * are met: 8 * 1. Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright 9 * notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer. 10 * 2. Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above copyright 11 * notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer in 12 * the documentation and/or other materials provided with the 13 * distribution. 14 * 15 * THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE AUTHOR(S) ``AS IS'' AND ANY EXPRESS 16 * OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED 17 * WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE 18 * ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE AUTHOR(S) BE LIABLE FOR ANY 19 * DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL, SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL 20 * DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE 21 * GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE, DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS 22 * INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER 23 * IN CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR 24 * OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN 25 * IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE. 26 */ 27 28 #ifndef lint 29 static const char rcsid[] = 30 "$FreeBSD: src/sbin/newfs_msdos/newfs_msdos.c,v 1.33 2009/04/11 14:56:29 ed Exp $"; 31 #endif /* not lint */ 32 33 #include <sys/param.h> 34 35 #ifndef ANDROID 36 #include <sys/fdcio.h> 37 #include <sys/disk.h> 38 #include <sys/disklabel.h> 39 #include <sys/mount.h> 40 #else 41 #include <stdarg.h> 42 #include <linux/fs.h> 43 #include <linux/hdreg.h> 44 #endif 45 46 #include <sys/stat.h> 47 #include <sys/time.h> 48 49 #include <ctype.h> 50 #include <err.h> 51 #include <errno.h> 52 #include <fcntl.h> 53 #include <inttypes.h> 54 #include <paths.h> 55 #include <stdio.h> 56 #include <stdlib.h> 57 #include <string.h> 58 #include <time.h> 59 #include <unistd.h> 60 61 #define MAXU16 0xffff /* maximum unsigned 16-bit quantity */ 62 #define BPN 4 /* bits per nibble */ 63 #define NPB 2 /* nibbles per byte */ 64 65 #define DOSMAGIC 0xaa55 /* DOS magic number */ 66 #define MINBPS 512 /* minimum bytes per sector */ 67 #define MAXSPC 128 /* maximum sectors per cluster */ 68 #define MAXNFT 16 /* maximum number of FATs */ 69 #define DEFBLK 4096 /* default block size */ 70 #define DEFBLK16 2048 /* default block size FAT16 */ 71 #define DEFRDE 512 /* default root directory entries */ 72 #define RESFTE 2 /* reserved FAT entries */ 73 #define MINCLS12 1 /* minimum FAT12 clusters */ 74 #define MINCLS16 0x1000 /* minimum FAT16 clusters */ 75 #define MINCLS32 2 /* minimum FAT32 clusters */ 76 #define MAXCLS12 0xfed /* maximum FAT12 clusters */ 77 #define MAXCLS16 0xfff5 /* maximum FAT16 clusters */ 78 #define MAXCLS32 0xffffff5 /* maximum FAT32 clusters */ 79 80 #define mincls(fat) ((fat) == 12 ? MINCLS12 : \ 81 (fat) == 16 ? MINCLS16 : \ 82 MINCLS32) 83 84 #define maxcls(fat) ((fat) == 12 ? MAXCLS12 : \ 85 (fat) == 16 ? MAXCLS16 : \ 86 MAXCLS32) 87 88 #define mk1(p, x) \ 89 (p) = (u_int8_t)(x) 90 91 #define mk2(p, x) \ 92 (p)[0] = (u_int8_t)(x), \ 93 (p)[1] = (u_int8_t)((x) >> 010) 94 95 #define mk4(p, x) \ 96 (p)[0] = (u_int8_t)(x), \ 97 (p)[1] = (u_int8_t)((x) >> 010), \ 98 (p)[2] = (u_int8_t)((x) >> 020), \ 99 (p)[3] = (u_int8_t)((x) >> 030) 100 101 #define argto1(arg, lo, msg) argtou(arg, lo, 0xff, msg) 102 #define argto2(arg, lo, msg) argtou(arg, lo, 0xffff, msg) 103 #define argto4(arg, lo, msg) argtou(arg, lo, 0xffffffff, msg) 104 #define argtox(arg, lo, msg) argtou(arg, lo, UINT_MAX, msg) 105 106 struct bs { 107 u_int8_t jmp[3]; /* bootstrap entry point */ 108 u_int8_t oem[8]; /* OEM name and version */ 109 }; 110 111 struct bsbpb { 112 u_int8_t bps[2]; /* bytes per sector */ 113 u_int8_t spc; /* sectors per cluster */ 114 u_int8_t res[2]; /* reserved sectors */ 115 u_int8_t nft; /* number of FATs */ 116 u_int8_t rde[2]; /* root directory entries */ 117 u_int8_t sec[2]; /* total sectors */ 118 u_int8_t mid; /* media descriptor */ 119 u_int8_t spf[2]; /* sectors per FAT */ 120 u_int8_t spt[2]; /* sectors per track */ 121 u_int8_t hds[2]; /* drive heads */ 122 u_int8_t hid[4]; /* hidden sectors */ 123 u_int8_t bsec[4]; /* big total sectors */ 124 }; 125 126 struct bsxbpb { 127 u_int8_t bspf[4]; /* big sectors per FAT */ 128 u_int8_t xflg[2]; /* FAT control flags */ 129 u_int8_t vers[2]; /* file system version */ 130 u_int8_t rdcl[4]; /* root directory start cluster */ 131 u_int8_t infs[2]; /* file system info sector */ 132 u_int8_t bkbs[2]; /* backup boot sector */ 133 u_int8_t rsvd[12]; /* reserved */ 134 }; 135 136 struct bsx { 137 u_int8_t drv; /* drive number */ 138 u_int8_t rsvd; /* reserved */ 139 u_int8_t sig; /* extended boot signature */ 140 u_int8_t volid[4]; /* volume ID number */ 141 u_int8_t label[11]; /* volume label */ 142 u_int8_t type[8]; /* file system type */ 143 }; 144 145 struct de { 146 u_int8_t namext[11]; /* name and extension */ 147 u_int8_t attr; /* attributes */ 148 u_int8_t rsvd[10]; /* reserved */ 149 u_int8_t time[2]; /* creation time */ 150 u_int8_t date[2]; /* creation date */ 151 u_int8_t clus[2]; /* starting cluster */ 152 u_int8_t size[4]; /* size */ 153 }; 154 155 struct bpb { 156 u_int bps; /* bytes per sector */ 157 u_int spc; /* sectors per cluster */ 158 u_int res; /* reserved sectors */ 159 u_int nft; /* number of FATs */ 160 u_int rde; /* root directory entries */ 161 u_int sec; /* total sectors */ 162 u_int mid; /* media descriptor */ 163 u_int spf; /* sectors per FAT */ 164 u_int spt; /* sectors per track */ 165 u_int hds; /* drive heads */ 166 u_int hid; /* hidden sectors */ 167 u_int bsec; /* big total sectors */ 168 u_int bspf; /* big sectors per FAT */ 169 u_int rdcl; /* root directory start cluster */ 170 u_int infs; /* file system info sector */ 171 u_int bkbs; /* backup boot sector */ 172 }; 173 174 #define BPBGAP 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0 175 176 static struct { 177 const char *name; 178 struct bpb bpb; 179 } const stdfmt[] = { 180 {"160", {512, 1, 1, 2, 64, 320, 0xfe, 1, 8, 1, BPBGAP}}, 181 {"180", {512, 1, 1, 2, 64, 360, 0xfc, 2, 9, 1, BPBGAP}}, 182 {"320", {512, 2, 1, 2, 112, 640, 0xff, 1, 8, 2, BPBGAP}}, 183 {"360", {512, 2, 1, 2, 112, 720, 0xfd, 2, 9, 2, BPBGAP}}, 184 {"640", {512, 2, 1, 2, 112, 1280, 0xfb, 2, 8, 2, BPBGAP}}, 185 {"720", {512, 2, 1, 2, 112, 1440, 0xf9, 3, 9, 2, BPBGAP}}, 186 {"1200", {512, 1, 1, 2, 224, 2400, 0xf9, 7, 15, 2, BPBGAP}}, 187 {"1232", {1024,1, 1, 2, 192, 1232, 0xfe, 2, 8, 2, BPBGAP}}, 188 {"1440", {512, 1, 1, 2, 224, 2880, 0xf0, 9, 18, 2, BPBGAP}}, 189 {"2880", {512, 2, 1, 2, 240, 5760, 0xf0, 9, 36, 2, BPBGAP}} 190 }; 191 192 static const u_int8_t bootcode[] = { 193 0xfa, /* cli */ 194 0x31, 0xc0, /* xor ax,ax */ 195 0x8e, 0xd0, /* mov ss,ax */ 196 0xbc, 0x00, 0x7c, /* mov sp,7c00h */ 197 0xfb, /* sti */ 198 0x8e, 0xd8, /* mov ds,ax */ 199 0xe8, 0x00, 0x00, /* call $ + 3 */ 200 0x5e, /* pop si */ 201 0x83, 0xc6, 0x19, /* add si,+19h */ 202 0xbb, 0x07, 0x00, /* mov bx,0007h */ 203 0xfc, /* cld */ 204 0xac, /* lodsb */ 205 0x84, 0xc0, /* test al,al */ 206 0x74, 0x06, /* jz $ + 8 */ 207 0xb4, 0x0e, /* mov ah,0eh */ 208 0xcd, 0x10, /* int 10h */ 209 0xeb, 0xf5, /* jmp $ - 9 */ 210 0x30, 0xe4, /* xor ah,ah */ 211 0xcd, 0x16, /* int 16h */ 212 0xcd, 0x19, /* int 19h */ 213 0x0d, 0x0a, 214 'N', 'o', 'n', '-', 's', 'y', 's', 't', 215 'e', 'm', ' ', 'd', 'i', 's', 'k', 216 0x0d, 0x0a, 217 'P', 'r', 'e', 's', 's', ' ', 'a', 'n', 218 'y', ' ', 'k', 'e', 'y', ' ', 't', 'o', 219 ' ', 'r', 'e', 'b', 'o', 'o', 't', 220 0x0d, 0x0a, 221 0 222 }; 223 224 static void check_mounted(const char *, mode_t); 225 static void getstdfmt(const char *, struct bpb *); 226 static void getdiskinfo(int, const char *, const char *, int, struct bpb *); 227 static void print_bpb(struct bpb *); 228 static u_int ckgeom(const char *, u_int, const char *); 229 static u_int argtou(const char *, u_int, u_int, const char *); 230 static off_t argtooff(const char *, const char *); 231 static int oklabel(const char *); 232 static void mklabel(u_int8_t *, const char *); 233 static void setstr(u_int8_t *, const char *, size_t); 234 static void usage(void); 235 236 /* 237 * Construct a FAT12, FAT16, or FAT32 file system. 238 */ 239 int newfs_msdos_main(int argc, char *argv[]) 240 { 241 static const char opts[] = "@:NAB:C:F:I:L:O:S:a:b:c:e:f:h:i:k:m:n:o:r:s:u:"; 242 const char *opt_B = NULL, *opt_L = NULL, *opt_O = NULL, *opt_f = NULL; 243 u_int opt_F = 0, opt_I = 0, opt_S = 0, opt_a = 0, opt_b = 0, opt_c = 0; 244 u_int opt_e = 0, opt_h = 0, opt_i = 0, opt_k = 0, opt_m = 0, opt_n = 0; 245 u_int opt_o = 0, opt_r = 0, opt_s = 0, opt_u = 0; 246 u_int opt_A = 0; 247 int opt_N = 0; 248 int Iflag = 0, mflag = 0, oflag = 0; 249 char buf[MAXPATHLEN]; 250 struct stat sb; 251 struct timeval tv; 252 struct bpb bpb; 253 struct tm *tm; 254 struct bs *bs; 255 struct bsbpb *bsbpb; 256 struct bsxbpb *bsxbpb; 257 struct bsx *bsx; 258 struct de *de; 259 u_int8_t *img; 260 const char *fname, *dtype, *bname; 261 ssize_t n; 262 time_t now; 263 u_int fat, bss, rds, cls, dir, lsn, x, x1, x2; 264 u_int extra_res, alignment=0, set_res, set_spf, set_spc, tempx, attempts=0; 265 int ch, fd, fd1; 266 off_t opt_create = 0, opt_ofs = 0; 267 268 while ((ch = getopt(argc, argv, opts)) != -1) 269 switch (ch) { 270 case '@': 271 opt_ofs = argtooff(optarg, "offset"); 272 break; 273 case 'N': 274 opt_N = 1; 275 break; 276 case 'A': 277 opt_A = 1; 278 break; 279 case 'B': 280 opt_B = optarg; 281 break; 282 case 'C': 283 opt_create = argtooff(optarg, "create size"); 284 break; 285 case 'F': 286 if (strcmp(optarg, "12") && strcmp(optarg, "16") && strcmp(optarg, "32")) 287 errx(1, "%s: bad FAT type", optarg); 288 opt_F = atoi(optarg); 289 break; 290 case 'I': 291 opt_I = argto4(optarg, 0, "volume ID"); 292 Iflag = 1; 293 break; 294 case 'L': 295 if (!oklabel(optarg)) 296 errx(1, "%s: bad volume label", optarg); 297 opt_L = optarg; 298 break; 299 case 'O': 300 if (strlen(optarg) > 8) 301 errx(1, "%s: bad OEM string", optarg); 302 opt_O = optarg; 303 break; 304 case 'S': 305 opt_S = argto2(optarg, 1, "bytes/sector"); 306 break; 307 case 'a': 308 opt_a = argto4(optarg, 1, "sectors/FAT"); 309 break; 310 case 'b': 311 opt_b = argtox(optarg, 1, "block size"); 312 opt_c = 0; 313 break; 314 case 'c': 315 opt_c = argto1(optarg, 1, "sectors/cluster"); 316 opt_b = 0; 317 break; 318 case 'e': 319 opt_e = argto2(optarg, 1, "directory entries"); 320 break; 321 case 'f': 322 opt_f = optarg; 323 break; 324 case 'h': 325 opt_h = argto2(optarg, 1, "drive heads"); 326 break; 327 case 'i': 328 opt_i = argto2(optarg, 1, "info sector"); 329 break; 330 case 'k': 331 opt_k = argto2(optarg, 1, "backup sector"); 332 break; 333 case 'm': 334 opt_m = argto1(optarg, 0, "media descriptor"); 335 mflag = 1; 336 break; 337 case 'n': 338 opt_n = argto1(optarg, 1, "number of FATs"); 339 break; 340 case 'o': 341 opt_o = argto4(optarg, 0, "hidden sectors"); 342 oflag = 1; 343 break; 344 case 'r': 345 opt_r = argto2(optarg, 1, "reserved sectors"); 346 break; 347 case 's': 348 opt_s = argto4(optarg, 1, "file system size"); 349 break; 350 case 'u': 351 opt_u = argto2(optarg, 1, "sectors/track"); 352 break; 353 default: 354 usage(); 355 } 356 argc -= optind; 357 argv += optind; 358 if (argc < 1 || argc > 2) 359 usage(); 360 fname = *argv++; 361 if (!opt_create && !strchr(fname, '/')) { 362 snprintf(buf, sizeof(buf), "%s%s", _PATH_DEV, fname); 363 if (!(fname = strdup(buf))) 364 err(1, "%s", buf); 365 } 366 dtype = *argv; 367 if (opt_A) { 368 if (opt_r) 369 errx(1, "align (-A) is incompatible with -r"); 370 if (opt_N) 371 errx(1, "align (-A) is incompatible with -N"); 372 } 373 if (opt_create) { 374 if (opt_N) 375 errx(1, "create (-C) is incompatible with -N"); 376 fd = open(fname, O_RDWR | O_CREAT | O_TRUNC, 0644); 377 if (fd == -1) 378 errx(1, "failed to create %s", fname); 379 if (ftruncate(fd, opt_create)) 380 errx(1, "failed to initialize %jd bytes", (intmax_t)opt_create); 381 } else if ((fd = open(fname, opt_N ? O_RDONLY : O_RDWR)) == -1) 382 err(1, "%s", fname); 383 if (fstat(fd, &sb)) 384 err(1, "%s", fname); 385 if (opt_create) { 386 if (!S_ISREG(sb.st_mode)) 387 warnx("warning, %s is not a regular file", fname); 388 } else { 389 if (!S_ISCHR(sb.st_mode)) 390 warnx("warning, %s is not a character device", fname); 391 } 392 if (!opt_N) 393 check_mounted(fname, sb.st_mode); 394 if (opt_ofs && opt_ofs != lseek(fd, opt_ofs, SEEK_SET)) 395 errx(1, "cannot seek to %jd", (intmax_t)opt_ofs); 396 memset(&bpb, 0, sizeof(bpb)); 397 if (opt_f) { 398 getstdfmt(opt_f, &bpb); 399 bpb.bsec = bpb.sec; 400 bpb.sec = 0; 401 bpb.bspf = bpb.spf; 402 bpb.spf = 0; 403 } 404 if (opt_h) 405 bpb.hds = opt_h; 406 if (opt_u) 407 bpb.spt = opt_u; 408 if (opt_S) 409 bpb.bps = opt_S; 410 if (opt_s) 411 bpb.bsec = opt_s; 412 if (oflag) 413 bpb.hid = opt_o; 414 if (!(opt_f || (opt_h && opt_u && opt_S && opt_s && oflag))) { 415 off_t delta; 416 getdiskinfo(fd, fname, dtype, oflag, &bpb); 417 if (opt_s) { 418 bpb.bsec = opt_s; 419 } 420 bpb.bsec -= (opt_ofs / bpb.bps); 421 delta = bpb.bsec % bpb.spt; 422 if (delta != 0) { 423 warnx("trim %d sectors from %d to adjust to a multiple of %d", 424 (int)delta, bpb.bsec, bpb.spt); 425 bpb.bsec -= delta; 426 } 427 if (bpb.spc == 0) { /* set defaults */ 428 if (bpb.bsec <= 6000) /* about 3MB -> 512 bytes */ 429 bpb.spc = 1; 430 else if (bpb.bsec <= (1<<17)) /* 64M -> 4k */ 431 bpb.spc = 8; 432 else if (bpb.bsec <= (1<<19)) /* 256M -> 8k */ 433 bpb.spc = 16; 434 else if (bpb.bsec <= (1<<22)) /* 2G -> 16k, some versions of windows 435 require a minimum of 65527 clusters */ 436 bpb.spc = 32; 437 else 438 bpb.spc = 64; /* otherwise 32k */ 439 } 440 } 441 if (!powerof2(bpb.bps)) 442 errx(1, "bytes/sector (%u) is not a power of 2", bpb.bps); 443 if (bpb.bps < MINBPS) 444 errx(1, "bytes/sector (%u) is too small; minimum is %u", 445 bpb.bps, MINBPS); 446 if (!(fat = opt_F)) { 447 if (opt_f) 448 fat = 12; 449 else if (!opt_e && (opt_i || opt_k)) 450 fat = 32; 451 } 452 if ((fat == 32 && opt_e) || (fat != 32 && (opt_i || opt_k))) 453 errx(1, "-%c is not a legal FAT%s option", 454 fat == 32 ? 'e' : opt_i ? 'i' : 'k', 455 fat == 32 ? "32" : "12/16"); 456 if (opt_f && fat == 32) 457 bpb.rde = 0; 458 if (opt_b) { 459 if (!powerof2(opt_b)) 460 errx(1, "block size (%u) is not a power of 2", opt_b); 461 if (opt_b < bpb.bps) 462 errx(1, "block size (%u) is too small; minimum is %u", 463 opt_b, bpb.bps); 464 if (opt_b > bpb.bps * MAXSPC) 465 errx(1, "block size (%u) is too large; maximum is %u", opt_b, bpb.bps * MAXSPC); 466 bpb.spc = opt_b / bpb.bps; 467 } 468 if (opt_c) { 469 if (!powerof2(opt_c)) 470 errx(1, "sectors/cluster (%u) is not a power of 2", opt_c); 471 bpb.spc = opt_c; 472 } 473 if (opt_r) 474 bpb.res = opt_r; 475 if (opt_n) { 476 if (opt_n > MAXNFT) 477 errx(1, "number of FATs (%u) is too large; maximum is %u", opt_n, MAXNFT); 478 bpb.nft = opt_n; 479 } 480 if (opt_e) 481 bpb.rde = opt_e; 482 if (mflag) { 483 if (opt_m < 0xf0) 484 errx(1, "illegal media descriptor (%#x)", opt_m); 485 bpb.mid = opt_m; 486 } 487 if (opt_a) 488 bpb.bspf = opt_a; 489 if (opt_i) 490 bpb.infs = opt_i; 491 if (opt_k) 492 bpb.bkbs = opt_k; 493 bss = 1; 494 bname = NULL; 495 fd1 = -1; 496 if (opt_B) { 497 bname = opt_B; 498 if (!strchr(bname, '/')) { 499 snprintf(buf, sizeof(buf), "/boot/%s", bname); 500 if (!(bname = strdup(buf))) 501 err(1, "%s", buf); 502 } 503 if ((fd1 = open(bname, O_RDONLY)) == -1 || fstat(fd1, &sb)) 504 err(1, "%s", bname); 505 if (!S_ISREG(sb.st_mode) || sb.st_size % bpb.bps || 506 sb.st_size < bpb.bps || sb.st_size > bpb.bps * MAXU16) 507 errx(1, "%s: inappropriate file type or format", bname); 508 bss = sb.st_size / bpb.bps; 509 } 510 if (!bpb.nft) 511 bpb.nft = 2; 512 if (!fat) { 513 if (bpb.bsec < (bpb.res ? bpb.res : bss) + 514 howmany((RESFTE + (bpb.spc ? MINCLS16 : MAXCLS12 + 1)) * 515 ((bpb.spc ? 16 : 12) / BPN), bpb.bps * NPB) * 516 bpb.nft + 517 howmany(bpb.rde ? bpb.rde : DEFRDE, 518 bpb.bps / sizeof(struct de)) + 519 (bpb.spc ? MINCLS16 : MAXCLS12 + 1) * 520 (bpb.spc ? bpb.spc : howmany(DEFBLK, bpb.bps))) 521 fat = 12; 522 else if (bpb.rde || bpb.bsec < 523 (bpb.res ? bpb.res : bss) + 524 howmany((RESFTE + MAXCLS16) * 2, bpb.bps) * bpb.nft + 525 howmany(DEFRDE, bpb.bps / sizeof(struct de)) + 526 (MAXCLS16 + 1) * 527 (bpb.spc ? bpb.spc : howmany(8192, bpb.bps))) 528 fat = 16; 529 else 530 fat = 32; 531 } 532 x = bss; 533 if (fat == 32) { 534 if (!bpb.infs) { 535 if (x == MAXU16 || x == bpb.bkbs) 536 errx(1, "no room for info sector"); 537 bpb.infs = x; 538 } 539 if (bpb.infs != MAXU16 && x <= bpb.infs) 540 x = bpb.infs + 1; 541 if (!bpb.bkbs) { 542 if (x == MAXU16) 543 errx(1, "no room for backup sector"); 544 bpb.bkbs = x; 545 } else if (bpb.bkbs != MAXU16 && bpb.bkbs == bpb.infs) 546 errx(1, "backup sector would overwrite info sector"); 547 if (bpb.bkbs != MAXU16 && x <= bpb.bkbs) 548 x = bpb.bkbs + 1; 549 } 550 551 extra_res = 0; 552 set_res = !bpb.res; 553 set_spf = !bpb.bspf; 554 set_spc = !bpb.spc; 555 tempx = x; 556 /* 557 * Attempt to align if opt_A is set. This is done by increasing the number 558 * of reserved blocks. This can cause other factors to change, which can in 559 * turn change the alignment. This should take at most 2 iterations, as 560 * increasing the reserved amount may cause the FAT size to decrease by 1, 561 * requiring another nft reserved blocks. If spc changes, it will 562 * be half of its previous size, and thus will not throw off alignment. 563 */ 564 do { 565 x = tempx; 566 if (set_res) 567 bpb.res = (fat == 32 ? MAX(x, MAX(16384 / bpb.bps, 4)) : x) + extra_res; 568 else if (bpb.res < x) 569 errx(1, "too few reserved sectors"); 570 if (fat != 32 && !bpb.rde) 571 bpb.rde = DEFRDE; 572 rds = howmany(bpb.rde, bpb.bps / sizeof(struct de)); 573 if (set_spc) 574 for (bpb.spc = howmany(fat == 16 ? DEFBLK16 : DEFBLK, bpb.bps); 575 bpb.spc < MAXSPC && 576 bpb.res + 577 howmany((RESFTE + maxcls(fat)) * (fat / BPN), 578 bpb.bps * NPB) * bpb.nft + 579 rds + 580 (u_int64_t)(maxcls(fat) + 1) * bpb.spc <= bpb.bsec; 581 bpb.spc <<= 1); 582 if (fat != 32 && bpb.bspf > MAXU16) 583 errx(1, "too many sectors/FAT for FAT12/16"); 584 x1 = bpb.res + rds; 585 x = bpb.bspf ? bpb.bspf : 1; 586 if (x1 + (u_int64_t)x * bpb.nft > bpb.bsec) 587 errx(1, "meta data exceeds file system size"); 588 x1 += x * bpb.nft; 589 x = (u_int64_t)(bpb.bsec - x1) * bpb.bps * NPB / 590 (bpb.spc * bpb.bps * NPB + fat / BPN * bpb.nft); 591 x2 = howmany((RESFTE + MIN(x, maxcls(fat))) * (fat / BPN), bpb.bps * NPB); 592 if (set_spf) { 593 if (!bpb.bspf) { 594 bpb.bspf = x2; 595 } 596 x1 += (bpb.bspf - 1) * bpb.nft; 597 } 598 if(set_res) { 599 /* attempt to align root directory */ 600 alignment = (bpb.res + bpb.bspf * bpb.nft) % bpb.spc; 601 extra_res += bpb.spc - alignment; 602 } 603 attempts++; 604 } while(opt_A && alignment != 0 && attempts < 2); 605 if (alignment != 0) 606 warnx("warning: Alignment failed."); 607 608 cls = (bpb.bsec - x1) / bpb.spc; 609 x = (u_int64_t)bpb.bspf * bpb.bps * NPB / (fat / BPN) - RESFTE; 610 if (cls > x) 611 cls = x; 612 if (bpb.bspf < x2) 613 warnx("warning: sectors/FAT limits file system to %u clusters", cls); 614 if (cls < mincls(fat)) 615 errx(1, "%u clusters too few clusters for FAT%u, need %u", cls, fat, mincls(fat)); 616 if (cls > maxcls(fat)) { 617 cls = maxcls(fat); 618 bpb.bsec = x1 + (cls + 1) * bpb.spc - 1; 619 warnx("warning: FAT type limits file system to %u sectors", bpb.bsec); 620 } 621 printf("%s: %u sector%s in %u FAT%u cluster%s (%u bytes/cluster)\n", 622 fname, cls * bpb.spc, cls * bpb.spc == 1 ? "" : "s", cls, fat, 623 cls == 1 ? "" : "s", bpb.bps * bpb.spc); 624 if (!bpb.mid) 625 bpb.mid = !bpb.hid ? 0xf0 : 0xf8; 626 if (fat == 32) 627 bpb.rdcl = RESFTE; 628 if (bpb.hid + bpb.bsec <= MAXU16) { 629 bpb.sec = bpb.bsec; 630 bpb.bsec = 0; 631 } 632 if (fat != 32) { 633 bpb.spf = bpb.bspf; 634 bpb.bspf = 0; 635 } 636 print_bpb(&bpb); 637 if (!opt_N) { 638 gettimeofday(&tv, NULL); 639 now = tv.tv_sec; 640 tm = localtime(&now); 641 if (!(img = malloc(bpb.bps))) 642 err(1, "%u", bpb.bps); 643 dir = bpb.res + (bpb.spf ? bpb.spf : bpb.bspf) * bpb.nft; 644 for (lsn = 0; lsn < dir + (fat == 32 ? bpb.spc : rds); lsn++) { 645 x = lsn; 646 if (opt_B && fat == 32 && bpb.bkbs != MAXU16 && bss <= bpb.bkbs && x >= bpb.bkbs) { 647 x -= bpb.bkbs; 648 if (!x && lseek(fd1, opt_ofs, SEEK_SET)) 649 err(1, "%s", bname); 650 } 651 if (opt_B && x < bss) { 652 if ((n = read(fd1, img, bpb.bps)) == -1) 653 err(1, "%s", bname); 654 if ((unsigned)n != bpb.bps) 655 errx(1, "%s: can't read sector %u", bname, x); 656 } else 657 memset(img, 0, bpb.bps); 658 if (!lsn || (fat == 32 && bpb.bkbs != MAXU16 && lsn == bpb.bkbs)) { 659 x1 = sizeof(struct bs); 660 bsbpb = (struct bsbpb *)(img + x1); 661 mk2(bsbpb->bps, bpb.bps); 662 mk1(bsbpb->spc, bpb.spc); 663 mk2(bsbpb->res, bpb.res); 664 mk1(bsbpb->nft, bpb.nft); 665 mk2(bsbpb->rde, bpb.rde); 666 mk2(bsbpb->sec, bpb.sec); 667 mk1(bsbpb->mid, bpb.mid); 668 mk2(bsbpb->spf, bpb.spf); 669 mk2(bsbpb->spt, bpb.spt); 670 mk2(bsbpb->hds, bpb.hds); 671 mk4(bsbpb->hid, bpb.hid); 672 mk4(bsbpb->bsec, bpb.bsec); 673 x1 += sizeof(struct bsbpb); 674 if (fat == 32) { 675 bsxbpb = (struct bsxbpb *)(img + x1); 676 mk4(bsxbpb->bspf, bpb.bspf); 677 mk2(bsxbpb->xflg, 0); 678 mk2(bsxbpb->vers, 0); 679 mk4(bsxbpb->rdcl, bpb.rdcl); 680 mk2(bsxbpb->infs, bpb.infs); 681 mk2(bsxbpb->bkbs, bpb.bkbs); 682 x1 += sizeof(struct bsxbpb); 683 } 684 bsx = (struct bsx *)(img + x1); 685 mk1(bsx->sig, 0x29); 686 if (Iflag) 687 x = opt_I; 688 else 689 x = (((u_int)(1 + tm->tm_mon) << 8 | 690 (u_int)tm->tm_mday) + 691 ((u_int)tm->tm_sec << 8 | 692 (u_int)(tv.tv_usec / 10))) << 16 | 693 ((u_int)(1900 + tm->tm_year) + 694 ((u_int)tm->tm_hour << 8 | 695 (u_int)tm->tm_min)); 696 mk4(bsx->volid, x); 697 mklabel(bsx->label, opt_L ? opt_L : "NO NAME"); 698 sprintf(buf, "FAT%u", fat); 699 setstr(bsx->type, buf, sizeof(bsx->type)); 700 if (!opt_B) { 701 x1 += sizeof(struct bsx); 702 bs = (struct bs *)img; 703 mk1(bs->jmp[0], 0xeb); 704 mk1(bs->jmp[1], x1 - 2); 705 mk1(bs->jmp[2], 0x90); 706 setstr(bs->oem, opt_O ? opt_O : "BSD 4.4", 707 sizeof(bs->oem)); 708 memcpy(img + x1, bootcode, sizeof(bootcode)); 709 mk2(img + MINBPS - 2, DOSMAGIC); 710 } 711 } else if (fat == 32 && bpb.infs != MAXU16 && 712 (lsn == bpb.infs || (bpb.bkbs != MAXU16 && 713 lsn == bpb.bkbs + bpb.infs))) { 714 mk4(img, 0x41615252); 715 mk4(img + MINBPS - 28, 0x61417272); 716 mk4(img + MINBPS - 24, 0xffffffff); 717 mk4(img + MINBPS - 20, bpb.rdcl); 718 mk2(img + MINBPS - 2, DOSMAGIC); 719 } else if (lsn >= bpb.res && lsn < dir && 720 !((lsn - bpb.res) % (bpb.spf ? bpb.spf : bpb.bspf))) { 721 mk1(img[0], bpb.mid); 722 for (x = 1; x < fat * (fat == 32 ? 3 : 2) / 8; x++) 723 mk1(img[x], fat == 32 && x % 4 == 3 ? 0x0f : 0xff); 724 } else if (lsn == dir && opt_L) { 725 de = (struct de *)img; 726 mklabel(de->namext, opt_L); 727 mk1(de->attr, 050); 728 x = (u_int)tm->tm_hour << 11 | 729 (u_int)tm->tm_min << 5 | 730 (u_int)tm->tm_sec >> 1; 731 mk2(de->time, x); 732 x = (u_int)(tm->tm_year - 80) << 9 | 733 (u_int)(tm->tm_mon + 1) << 5 | 734 (u_int)tm->tm_mday; 735 mk2(de->date, x); 736 } 737 if ((n = write(fd, img, bpb.bps)) == -1) 738 err(1, "%s", fname); 739 if ((unsigned)n != bpb.bps) { 740 errx(1, "%s: can't write sector %u", fname, lsn); 741 exit(1); 742 } 743 } 744 } 745 return 0; 746 } 747 748 /* 749 * Exit with error if file system is mounted. 750 */ 751 static void check_mounted(const char *fname, mode_t mode) 752 { 753 #ifdef ANDROID 754 warnx("Skipping mount checks"); 755 #else 756 struct statfs *mp; 757 const char *s1, *s2; 758 size_t len; 759 int n, r; 760 761 if (!(n = getmntinfo(&mp, MNT_NOWAIT))) 762 err(1, "getmntinfo"); 763 len = strlen(_PATH_DEV); 764 s1 = fname; 765 if (!strncmp(s1, _PATH_DEV, len)) 766 s1 += len; 767 r = S_ISCHR(mode) && s1 != fname && *s1 == 'r'; 768 for (; n--; mp++) { 769 s2 = mp->f_mntfromname; 770 if (!strncmp(s2, _PATH_DEV, len)) 771 s2 += len; 772 if ((r && s2 != mp->f_mntfromname && !strcmp(s1 + 1, s2)) || !strcmp(s1, s2)) 773 errx(1, "%s is mounted on %s", fname, mp->f_mntonname); 774 } 775 #endif 776 } 777 778 /* 779 * Get a standard format. 780 */ 781 static void getstdfmt(const char *fmt, struct bpb *bpb) 782 { 783 u_int x, i; 784 785 x = sizeof(stdfmt) / sizeof(stdfmt[0]); 786 for (i = 0; i < x && strcmp(fmt, stdfmt[i].name); i++); 787 if (i == x) 788 errx(1, "%s: unknown standard format", fmt); 789 *bpb = stdfmt[i].bpb; 790 } 791 792 /* 793 * Get disk slice, partition, and geometry information. 794 */ 795 796 #ifdef ANDROID 797 static void getdiskinfo(int fd, const char *fname, const char *dtype, 798 __unused int oflag,struct bpb *bpb) 799 { 800 struct hd_geometry geom; 801 802 if (ioctl(fd, BLKSSZGET, &bpb->bps)) { 803 fprintf(stderr, "Error getting bytes / sector (%s)\n", strerror(errno)); 804 exit(1); 805 } 806 807 ckgeom(fname, bpb->bps, "bytes/sector"); 808 809 if (ioctl(fd, BLKGETSIZE, &bpb->bsec)) { 810 fprintf(stderr, "Error getting blocksize (%s)\n", strerror(errno)); 811 exit(1); 812 } 813 814 if (ioctl(fd, HDIO_GETGEO, &geom)) { 815 fprintf(stderr, "Error getting gemoetry (%s) - trying sane values\n", strerror(errno)); 816 geom.heads = 64; 817 geom.sectors = 63; 818 } 819 820 if (!geom.heads) { 821 printf("Bogus heads from kernel - setting sane value\n"); 822 geom.heads = 64; 823 } 824 825 if (!geom.sectors) { 826 printf("Bogus sectors from kernel - setting sane value\n"); 827 geom.sectors = 63; 828 } 829 830 bpb->spt = geom.sectors; 831 ckgeom(fname, bpb->spt, "sectors/track"); 832 833 bpb->hds = geom.heads; 834 ckgeom(fname, bpb->hds, "drive heads"); 835 } 836 837 #else 838 839 static void getdiskinfo(int fd, const char *fname, const char *dtype, 840 __unused int oflag, struct bpb *bpb) 841 { 842 struct disklabel *lp, dlp; 843 struct fd_type type; 844 off_t ms, hs = 0; 845 846 lp = NULL; 847 848 /* If the user specified a disk type, try to use that */ 849 if (dtype != NULL) { 850 lp = getdiskbyname(dtype); 851 } 852 853 /* Maybe it's a floppy drive */ 854 if (lp == NULL) { 855 if (ioctl(fd, DIOCGMEDIASIZE, &ms) == -1) { 856 struct stat st; 857 858 if (fstat(fd, &st)) 859 err(1, "Cannot get disk size"); 860 /* create a fake geometry for a file image */ 861 ms = st.st_size; 862 dlp.d_secsize = 512; 863 dlp.d_nsectors = 63; 864 dlp.d_ntracks = 255; 865 dlp.d_secperunit = ms / dlp.d_secsize; 866 lp = &dlp; 867 } else if (ioctl(fd, FD_GTYPE, &type) != -1) { 868 dlp.d_secsize = 128 << type.secsize; 869 dlp.d_nsectors = type.sectrac; 870 dlp.d_ntracks = type.heads; 871 dlp.d_secperunit = ms / dlp.d_secsize; 872 lp = &dlp; 873 } 874 } 875 876 /* Maybe it's a fixed drive */ 877 if (lp == NULL) { 878 if (ioctl(fd, DIOCGDINFO, &dlp) == -1) { 879 if (bpb->bps == 0 && ioctl(fd, DIOCGSECTORSIZE, &dlp.d_secsize) == -1) 880 errx(1, "Cannot get sector size, %s", strerror(errno)); 881 882 /* XXX Should we use bpb->bps if it's set? */ 883 dlp.d_secperunit = ms / dlp.d_secsize; 884 885 if (bpb->spt == 0 && ioctl(fd, DIOCGFWSECTORS, &dlp.d_nsectors) == -1) { 886 warnx("Cannot get number of sectors per track, %s", strerror(errno)); 887 dlp.d_nsectors = 63; 888 } 889 if (bpb->hds == 0 && ioctl(fd, DIOCGFWHEADS, &dlp.d_ntracks) == -1) { 890 warnx("Cannot get number of heads, %s", strerror(errno)); 891 if (dlp.d_secperunit <= 63*1*1024) 892 dlp.d_ntracks = 1; 893 else if (dlp.d_secperunit <= 63*16*1024) 894 dlp.d_ntracks = 16; 895 else 896 dlp.d_ntracks = 255; 897 } 898 } 899 900 hs = (ms / dlp.d_secsize) - dlp.d_secperunit; 901 lp = &dlp; 902 } 903 904 if (bpb->bps == 0) 905 bpb->bps = ckgeom(fname, lp->d_secsize, "bytes/sector"); 906 if (bpb->spt == 0) 907 bpb->spt = ckgeom(fname, lp->d_nsectors, "sectors/track"); 908 if (bpb->hds == 0) 909 bpb->hds = ckgeom(fname, lp->d_ntracks, "drive heads"); 910 if (bpb->bsec == 0) 911 bpb->bsec = lp->d_secperunit; 912 if (bpb->hid == 0) 913 bpb->hid = hs; 914 } 915 #endif 916 917 /* 918 * Print out BPB values. 919 */ 920 static void print_bpb(struct bpb *bpb) 921 { 922 printf("bps=%u spc=%u res=%u nft=%u", bpb->bps, bpb->spc, bpb->res, 923 bpb->nft); 924 if (bpb->rde) 925 printf(" rde=%u", bpb->rde); 926 if (bpb->sec) 927 printf(" sec=%u", bpb->sec); 928 printf(" mid=%#x", bpb->mid); 929 if (bpb->spf) 930 printf(" spf=%u", bpb->spf); 931 printf(" spt=%u hds=%u hid=%u", bpb->spt, bpb->hds, bpb->hid); 932 if (bpb->bsec) 933 printf(" bsec=%u", bpb->bsec); 934 if (!bpb->spf) { 935 printf(" bspf=%u rdcl=%u", bpb->bspf, bpb->rdcl); 936 printf(" infs="); 937 printf(bpb->infs == MAXU16 ? "%#x" : "%u", bpb->infs); 938 printf(" bkbs="); 939 printf(bpb->bkbs == MAXU16 ? "%#x" : "%u", bpb->bkbs); 940 } 941 printf("\n"); 942 } 943 944 /* 945 * Check a disk geometry value. 946 */ 947 static u_int ckgeom(const char *fname, u_int val, const char *msg) 948 { 949 if (!val) 950 errx(1, "%s: no default %s", fname, msg); 951 if (val > MAXU16) 952 errx(1, "%s: illegal %s %d", fname, msg, val); 953 return val; 954 } 955 956 /* 957 * Convert and check a numeric option argument. 958 */ 959 static u_int argtou(const char *arg, u_int lo, u_int hi, const char *msg) 960 { 961 char *s; 962 u_long x; 963 964 errno = 0; 965 x = strtoul(arg, &s, 0); 966 if (errno || !*arg || *s || x < lo || x > hi) 967 errx(1, "%s: bad %s", arg, msg); 968 return x; 969 } 970 971 /* 972 * Same for off_t, with optional skmgpP suffix 973 */ 974 static off_t argtooff(const char *arg, const char *msg) 975 { 976 char *s; 977 off_t x; 978 979 x = strtoll(arg, &s, 0); 980 /* allow at most one extra char */ 981 if (errno || x < 0 || (s[0] && s[1]) ) 982 errx(1, "%s: bad %s", arg, msg); 983 if (*s) { /* the extra char is the multiplier */ 984 switch (*s) { 985 default: 986 errx(1, "%s: bad %s", arg, msg); 987 /* notreached */ 988 989 case 's': /* sector */ 990 case 'S': 991 x <<= 9; /* times 512 */ 992 break; 993 994 case 'k': /* kilobyte */ 995 case 'K': 996 x <<= 10; /* times 1024 */ 997 break; 998 999 case 'm': /* megabyte */ 1000 case 'M': 1001 x <<= 20; /* times 1024*1024 */ 1002 break; 1003 1004 case 'g': /* gigabyte */ 1005 case 'G': 1006 x <<= 30; /* times 1024*1024*1024 */ 1007 break; 1008 1009 case 'p': /* partition start */ 1010 case 'P': /* partition start */ 1011 case 'l': /* partition length */ 1012 case 'L': /* partition length */ 1013 errx(1, "%s: not supported yet %s", arg, msg); 1014 /* notreached */ 1015 } 1016 } 1017 return x; 1018 } 1019 1020 /* 1021 * Check a volume label. 1022 */ 1023 static int oklabel(const char *src) 1024 { 1025 int c, i; 1026 1027 for (i = 0; i <= 11; i++) { 1028 c = (u_char)*src++; 1029 if (c < ' ' + !i || strchr("\"*+,./:;<=>?[\\]|", c)) 1030 break; 1031 } 1032 return i && !c; 1033 } 1034 1035 /* 1036 * Make a volume label. 1037 */ 1038 static void mklabel(u_int8_t *dest, const char *src) 1039 { 1040 int c, i; 1041 1042 for (i = 0; i < 11; i++) { 1043 c = *src ? toupper(*src++) : ' '; 1044 *dest++ = !i && c == '\xe5' ? 5 : c; 1045 } 1046 } 1047 1048 /* 1049 * Copy string, padding with spaces. 1050 */ 1051 static void setstr(u_int8_t *dest, const char *src, size_t len) 1052 { 1053 while (len--) 1054 *dest++ = *src ? *src++ : ' '; 1055 } 1056 1057 /* 1058 * Print usage message. 1059 */ 1060 static void usage(void) 1061 { 1062 fprintf(stderr, 1063 "usage: newfs_msdos [ -options ] special [disktype]\n" 1064 "where the options are:\n" 1065 "\t-@ create file system at specified offset\n" 1066 "\t-A Attempt to cluster align root directory\n" 1067 "\t-B get bootstrap from file\n" 1068 "\t-C create image file with specified size\n" 1069 "\t-F FAT type (12, 16, or 32)\n" 1070 "\t-I volume ID\n" 1071 "\t-L volume label\n" 1072 "\t-N don't create file system: just print out parameters\n" 1073 "\t-O OEM string\n" 1074 "\t-S bytes/sector\n" 1075 "\t-a sectors/FAT\n" 1076 "\t-b block size\n" 1077 "\t-c sectors/cluster\n" 1078 "\t-e root directory entries\n" 1079 "\t-f standard format\n" 1080 "\t-h drive heads\n" 1081 "\t-i file system info sector\n" 1082 "\t-k backup boot sector\n" 1083 "\t-m media descriptor\n" 1084 "\t-n number of FATs\n" 1085 "\t-o hidden sectors\n" 1086 "\t-r reserved sectors\n" 1087 "\t-s file system size (sectors)\n" 1088 "\t-u sectors/track\n"); 1089 exit(1); 1090 } 1091
