Lines Matching defs:this
22 \section{About this document}
24 This document presents a comprehensive description of the \verb|ip| utility
33 This document is split into sections explaining \verb|ip| commands
90 with the \verb|'\'| character. This is convenient when you want to
100 Do not use this option when reporting bugs or asking for advice.
135 Usually it is \verb|list| or, if the objects of this class
164 IP address {\em et al\/}. In this case \verb|ip| prints an error message
176 The kernel returned an error to some syscall. In this case \verb|ip|
182 In this case \verb|ip| prints the error message, as it is output
206 \item RTNETLINK is not configured in the kernel. In this case
214 when configuring the kernel. In this case any attempt to use the
253 This operation is {\em not allowed\/} if the device is in state \verb|UP|.
254 Though neither the \verb|ip| utility nor the kernel check for this condition.
255 You can get unpredictable results changing this flag while the
269 --- change the name of the device. This operation is not
294 Do not use it, if you do not understand what this operation really does.
312 This is the only case when \verb|ip| can move the system to
340 If this argument is omitted all devices are listed.
366 This number uniquely identifies the interface. This is followed by the {\em interface name\/}
376 after the \verb|@| sign. This means that this device is bound to some other
381 Then we see the interface {\em mtu\/} (``maximal transfer unit''). This determines
382 the maximal size of data which can be sent as a single packet over this interface.
385 on the interface. Particularly, \verb|noqueue| means that this interface
406 attached to each end. All packets sent to this link will reach the peer
407 and all packets received by us came from this single peer.
411 This is the most generic type of device and the most complicated one, because
419 that software {\em must not\/} interpret the absence of this flag as the inability
420 to use multicasting on this interface. Any \verb|POINTOPOINT| and
430 this mode exists only on broadcast links and is used by bridges and for network
434 wandering on the link. This mode is used by multicast routers.
436 \item \verb|NOARP| --- this flag is different from the other ones. It has
445 \item \verb|SLAVE| --- this interface is bonded to some other interfaces
461 defines the interface hardware type. This type determines the format and semantics
472 however this field may contain useful information, f.e.\
476 Multicast addresses are not shown by this command, see
477 \verb|ip maddr ls| in~Sec.\ref{IP-MADDR} (p.\pageref{IP-MADDR} of this
499 on the interface. This number wraps when the maximal length of the data type
510 for this interface.
511 \item \verb|mcast| --- the total number of received multicast packets. This option
516 on Ethernet-like media. This number may have a different sense on other
518 \item \verb|compressed| --- the total number of compressed packets. This is
555 for them and we do not use it in this document.
598 instead of the broadcast address. In this case, the broadcast address
612 this string must coincide with the name of the device or must be prefixed
618 --- the scope of the area where this address is valid.
625 i.e.\ it is valid inside this site.
627 it is valid only on this device.
628 \item \verb|host| --- the address is valid only inside this host.
631 Appendix~\ref{ADDR-SEL} (p.\pageref{ADDR-SEL} of this document)
663 It would be best not to repeat this experiment.
691 --- only list addresses with this scope.
695 --- only list addresses matching this prefix.
760 To permanently enable this feature on all devices add
762 This tweak is available in linux 2.6.15 and later.
768 In this case the output also contains information on times, when
791 \paragraph{Description:}This command flushes the protocol addresses
794 \paragraph{Arguments:} This command has the same arguments as \verb|show|.
797 \paragraph{Warning:} This command (and other \verb|flush| commands
803 of rounds made to flush the address list. If this option is given
871 --- the interface to which this neighbour is attached.
888 this entry will be made but it can be removed when its lifetime expires.
892 This option to \verb|ip neigh| does not change the neighbour state if
893 it was valid and the address is not changed by this command.
914 \paragraph{Description:} This command invalidates a neighbour entry.
938 Particularly, the kernel may try to resolve this address even
946 \paragraph{Description:}This commands displays neighbour tables.
958 --- only list the neighbours attached to this device.
966 --- only list neighbour entries in this state. \verb|NUD_STATE| takes
968 This option may occur more than once. If this option is absent, \verb|ip|
994 for this entry. The detailed description of the neighbour
1031 Here \verb|ref| is the number of users of this entry
1033 separated by slashes. In this case they show that:
1045 \paragraph{Description:}This command flushes neighbour tables, selecting
1048 \paragraph{Arguments:} This command has the same arguments as \verb|show|.
1111 impossible to maintain a bundle of such routes in this order.
1117 non-unique routes with \verb|ip| commands described in this section.
1119 One useful exception to this rule is the default route on non-forwarding
1122 In this case, Linux-2.2 makes ``dead gateway detection''~\cite{RFC1122}
1125 of the routes is not essential. However, in this case,
1133 in this sequence. Instead, the routing table in the kernel is kept
1138 \{prefix, tos, preference\}. This {\em key\/} lets us locate
1145 the preferred source address when communicating with this destination).
1167 \item \verb|local| --- the destinations are assigned to this
1173 in this table is terminated pretending that no route was found.
1183 {\em anycast\/} addresses assigned to this host. They are mainly equivalent
1194 this table when calculating routes.
1197 even more important. It is the \verb|local| table (ID 255). This table
1199 this table automatically and the administrator usually need not modify it
1204 In this case, the table identifier effectively becomes
1232 --- the Type Of Service (TOS) key. This key has no associated mask and
1245 --- the table to add this route to.
1247 \verb|/etc/iproute2/rt_tables|. If this parameter is omitted,
1258 --- the address of the nexthop router. Actually, the sense of this field depends
1271 --- the realm to which this route is assigned.
1318 If the path to these destination is asymmetric, this guess may be wrong.
1323 --- \threeonly Maximal reordering on the path to this destination.
1329 --- [2.5.74+ only] Maximum number of hops on the path to this destination.
1335 this destination. Actual window size is this value multiplied by the
1342 + this destination. The actual window size is this value multiplied
1353 \item \verb|weight NUMBER| is a weight for this element of a multipath
1362 If this parameter is omitted,
1369 --- the routing protocol identifier of this route.
1396 --- pretend that the nexthop is directly attached to this link,
1397 even if it does not match any interface prefix. One application of this
1413 this will change in the future.
1433 that this route is gatewayed rather than direct. Actually, if you
1459 ignoring its length (i.e.\ netmask). This option no longer exists
1496 selects routes with this exact prefix. If neither of these options
1507 --- show the routes from this table(s). The default setting is to show
1533 --- only list routes of this protocol.
1538 --- only list routes with this scope.
1542 --- only list routes of this type.
1546 --- only list routes going via this device.
1579 \paragraph{Output format:} The output of this command consists
1582 of more than one line: particularly, this is the case when the route
1621 and for multicast routes, if this host is a member of the corresponding
1636 \item \verb|redirect| --- packets going via this route will
1642 along this path.
1649 This feature disappeared in linux-2.4.
1652 of this route will trigger RTNETLINK notification.
1658 returned to local senders when they try to use this route.
1664 \item \verb|expires| --- this entry will expire after this timeout.
1666 \item \verb|iif| --- the packets for this path are expected to arrive
1667 on this interface.
1671 information about this route is shown:
1673 \item \verb|users| --- the number of users of this entry.
1674 \item \verb|age| --- shows when this route was last used.
1675 \item \verb|used| --- the number of lookups of this route since its creation.
1681 \paragraph{Description:} this command saves the contents of the routing
1687 \paragraph{Example:} This saves all the routes to the {\tt saved\_routes}
1700 \paragraph{Description:} this command restores the contents of the routing
1705 \paragraph{Arguments:} This command takes no arguments.
1707 \paragraph{Example:} This restores all routes that were saved to the
1719 \paragraph{Description:} this command flushes routes selected
1726 The reason for this difference does not require any explanation, does it?
1740 This option deserves to be put into a scriptlet \verb|routef|.
1742 This option was described in the \verb|route(8)| man page borrowed
1795 \paragraph{Description:} this command gets a single route to a destination
1814 --- the device from which this packet is expected to arrive.
1818 --- force the output device on which this packet will be routed.
1828 Note that this operation is not equivalent to \verb|ip route show|.
1831 is equivalent to sending a packet along this path.
1834 This is equivalent to pinging the destination
1837 that a packet arrived from this interface and searches for
1840 \paragraph{Output format:} This command outputs routes in the same
1864 This is the command that created the funny route from 193.233.7.82
1872 In this case, it is \verb|pimd|)
1880 This route differs from the ones seen before. It contains a ``normal'' part
1882 deliver) the packet to local IP listeners. In this case the router
1884 of this group, so that route has no \verb|local| flag and only
1946 This task is called ``policy routing''.
1956 To solve this task, the conventional destination based routing table, ordered
1982 In this case, it will either give a route or failure indication
1987 nexthop and the output device. This is what
2012 routes. This rule may be deleted and/or overridden with other
2019 This rule may also be deleted.
2070 --- the type of this rule. The list of valid types was given in the previous
2084 the rule only matches packets originating from this host. This means that you
2098 --- the priority of this rule. Each rule should have an explicitly
2109 so do not rely on this feature. Use explicit priorities.
2129 but masquerades them to this address; this feature disappered in 2.4.
2169 \paragraph{Arguments:} Good news, this is one command that has no arguments.
2196 The sense of this example is pretty simple. The prefixes
2260 statically. This command only manages link layer addresses.
2272 --- the device to join/leave this multicast address.
2290 Particularly, this means that you can try to load a unicast address
2297 This feature is really more useful for traffic monitoring, but using it
2316 so we may only display them. This limitation will be removed
2360 it means that the routing daemon still hasn't resolved this entry.
2367 number of packets and bytes forwarded along this route and
2368 the number of packets that arrived on the wrong interface, if this number is not zero.
2420 It must be an address on another interface of this host.
2439 tunneled packets will only be routed via this device and will
2444 --- disable Path MTU Discovery on this tunnel.
2446 with this option: tunnelling with a fixed ttl always makes pmtu discovery.
2472 I think this option does not
2540 and routes continuously. This option has a slightly different format.
2556 \verb|rtmon| utility. This utility has a command line syntax similar to
2605 this identification is made by a routing daemon, but static routes
2633 After this procedure is completed we know what realm the packet
2640 to account, police and schedule them according to this
2652 This shows that this router received 153805 packets from
2728 \verb|IP_PKTINFO|. In this case the kernel only checks the validity
2733 this axiom. It has been made deliberately with the purpose
2735 However, this hack {\em must not\/} be used on multihomed hosts
2741 address hint for this destination. The hint is set with the \verb|src| parameter
2781 \verb|/proc/sys/net/ipv4/conf/<dev>/proxy_arp| to 1. After this, the router
2789 However, this approach fails in the case of IPv6 because the router
2840 This is not missing functionality but a design principle.
2842 about translated sessions. This means that it handles any number
2849 several servers with NAT. This is a mistake. All you get from this
2858 This also, is not missing any functionality.
2888 this address as routed via it, {\em et al\/}. When the router
2890 this address with 193.233.7.83 which is the address of some real
2896 This command will map a block of 63 addresses 192.203.80.192-255 to
2902 into 192.203.80.144. This task is solved by setting a special
2907 This rule says that the source address 193.233.7.83
2913 The exception is when the address is a local address of this
2915 kernel. In this case the router will masquerade the packets as this address.
2918 to order Linux to masquerade to this fixed address.
2920 masquerading, so that this feature has lost meaning and disabled.
2925 when a packet does not leave this network. Let us return to the
2932 This block of rules causes normal forwarding when
2945 In this case you may replace rule \#320 with:
3007 \# This step is necessary on any networked box before attempt\\
3104 \# It is not so cheap though and we still hope that this route\\
3106 \# Do not make this step if the device is not ARPable,\\
3127 This is a simplistic script replacing one option of \verb|ifconfig|,
3149 \noindent\# This function determines, whether it is router or host.\\
3168 \# This function restarts Router Discovery.\\
3343 \# Do not make this step on router or if the device is not ARPable.\\
