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      1 /* Originally written by Bodo Moeller for the OpenSSL project.
      2  * ====================================================================
      3  * Copyright (c) 1998-2005 The OpenSSL Project.  All rights reserved.
      4  *
      5  * Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
      6  * modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions
      7  * are met:
      8  *
      9  * 1. Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
     10  *    notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
     11  *
     12  * 2. Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above copyright
     13  *    notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer in
     14  *    the documentation and/or other materials provided with the
     15  *    distribution.
     16  *
     17  * 3. All advertising materials mentioning features or use of this
     18  *    software must display the following acknowledgment:
     19  *    "This product includes software developed by the OpenSSL Project
     20  *    for use in the OpenSSL Toolkit. (http://www.openssl.org/)"
     21  *
     22  * 4. The names "OpenSSL Toolkit" and "OpenSSL Project" must not be used to
     23  *    endorse or promote products derived from this software without
     24  *    prior written permission. For written permission, please contact
     25  *    openssl-core (at) openssl.org.
     26  *
     27  * 5. Products derived from this software may not be called "OpenSSL"
     28  *    nor may "OpenSSL" appear in their names without prior written
     29  *    permission of the OpenSSL Project.
     30  *
     31  * 6. Redistributions of any form whatsoever must retain the following
     32  *    acknowledgment:
     33  *    "This product includes software developed by the OpenSSL Project
     34  *    for use in the OpenSSL Toolkit (http://www.openssl.org/)"
     35  *
     36  * THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE OpenSSL PROJECT ``AS IS'' AND ANY
     37  * EXPRESSED OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THE
     38  * IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR
     39  * PURPOSE ARE DISCLAIMED.  IN NO EVENT SHALL THE OpenSSL PROJECT OR
     40  * ITS CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL,
     41  * SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT
     42  * NOT LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES;
     43  * LOSS OF USE, DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION)
     44  * HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT,
     45  * STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE)
     46  * ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED
     47  * OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
     48  * ====================================================================
     49  *
     50  * This product includes cryptographic software written by Eric Young
     51  * (eay (at) cryptsoft.com).  This product includes software written by Tim
     52  * Hudson (tjh (at) cryptsoft.com).
     53  *
     54  */
     55 /* ====================================================================
     56  * Copyright 2002 Sun Microsystems, Inc. ALL RIGHTS RESERVED.
     57  *
     58  * Portions of the attached software ("Contribution") are developed by
     59  * SUN MICROSYSTEMS, INC., and are contributed to the OpenSSL project.
     60  *
     61  * The Contribution is licensed pursuant to the OpenSSL open source
     62  * license provided above.
     63  *
     64  * The elliptic curve binary polynomial software is originally written by
     65  * Sheueling Chang Shantz and Douglas Stebila of Sun Microsystems
     66  * Laboratories. */
     67 
     68 #include <openssl/ec.h>
     69 
     70 #include <string.h>
     71 
     72 #include <openssl/bn.h>
     73 #include <openssl/err.h>
     74 #include <openssl/mem.h>
     75 
     76 #include "internal.h"
     77 
     78 
     79 const EC_METHOD *EC_GFp_simple_method(void) {
     80   static const EC_METHOD ret = {EC_FLAGS_DEFAULT_OCT,
     81                                 ec_GFp_simple_group_init,
     82                                 ec_GFp_simple_group_finish,
     83                                 ec_GFp_simple_group_clear_finish,
     84                                 ec_GFp_simple_group_copy,
     85                                 ec_GFp_simple_group_set_curve,
     86                                 ec_GFp_simple_group_get_curve,
     87                                 ec_GFp_simple_group_get_degree,
     88                                 ec_GFp_simple_group_check_discriminant,
     89                                 ec_GFp_simple_point_init,
     90                                 ec_GFp_simple_point_finish,
     91                                 ec_GFp_simple_point_clear_finish,
     92                                 ec_GFp_simple_point_copy,
     93                                 ec_GFp_simple_point_set_to_infinity,
     94                                 ec_GFp_simple_set_Jprojective_coordinates_GFp,
     95                                 ec_GFp_simple_get_Jprojective_coordinates_GFp,
     96                                 ec_GFp_simple_point_set_affine_coordinates,
     97                                 ec_GFp_simple_point_get_affine_coordinates,
     98                                 0,
     99                                 0,
    100                                 0,
    101                                 ec_GFp_simple_add,
    102                                 ec_GFp_simple_dbl,
    103                                 ec_GFp_simple_invert,
    104                                 ec_GFp_simple_is_at_infinity,
    105                                 ec_GFp_simple_is_on_curve,
    106                                 ec_GFp_simple_cmp,
    107                                 ec_GFp_simple_make_affine,
    108                                 ec_GFp_simple_points_make_affine,
    109                                 0 /* mul */,
    110                                 0 /* precompute_mult */,
    111                                 0 /* have_precompute_mult */,
    112                                 ec_GFp_simple_field_mul,
    113                                 ec_GFp_simple_field_sqr,
    114                                 0 /* field_div */,
    115                                 0 /* field_encode */,
    116                                 0 /* field_decode */,
    117                                 0 /* field_set_to_one */};
    118 
    119   return &ret;
    120 }
    121 
    122 
    123 /* Most method functions in this file are designed to work with non-trivial
    124  * representations of field elements if necessary (see ecp_mont.c): while
    125  * standard modular addition and subtraction are used, the field_mul and
    126  * field_sqr methods will be used for multiplication, and field_encode and
    127  * field_decode (if defined) will be used for converting between
    128  * representations.
    129 
    130  * Functions ec_GFp_simple_points_make_affine() and
    131  * ec_GFp_simple_point_get_affine_coordinates() specifically assume that if a
    132  * non-trivial representation is used, it is a Montgomery representation (i.e.
    133  * 'encoding' means multiplying by some factor R). */
    134 
    135 int ec_GFp_simple_group_init(EC_GROUP *group) {
    136   BN_init(&group->field);
    137   BN_init(&group->a);
    138   BN_init(&group->b);
    139   group->a_is_minus3 = 0;
    140   return 1;
    141 }
    142 
    143 void ec_GFp_simple_group_finish(EC_GROUP *group) {
    144   BN_free(&group->field);
    145   BN_free(&group->a);
    146   BN_free(&group->b);
    147 }
    148 
    149 void ec_GFp_simple_group_clear_finish(EC_GROUP *group) {
    150   BN_clear_free(&group->field);
    151   BN_clear_free(&group->a);
    152   BN_clear_free(&group->b);
    153 }
    154 
    155 int ec_GFp_simple_group_copy(EC_GROUP *dest, const EC_GROUP *src) {
    156   if (!BN_copy(&dest->field, &src->field) ||
    157       !BN_copy(&dest->a, &src->a) ||
    158       !BN_copy(&dest->b, &src->b)) {
    159     return 0;
    160   }
    161 
    162   dest->a_is_minus3 = src->a_is_minus3;
    163   return 1;
    164 }
    165 
    166 int ec_GFp_simple_group_set_curve(EC_GROUP *group, const BIGNUM *p,
    167                                   const BIGNUM *a, const BIGNUM *b,
    168                                   BN_CTX *ctx) {
    169   int ret = 0;
    170   BN_CTX *new_ctx = NULL;
    171   BIGNUM *tmp_a;
    172 
    173   /* p must be a prime > 3 */
    174   if (BN_num_bits(p) <= 2 || !BN_is_odd(p)) {
    175     OPENSSL_PUT_ERROR(EC, ec_GFp_simple_group_set_curve, EC_R_INVALID_FIELD);
    176     return 0;
    177   }
    178 
    179   if (ctx == NULL) {
    180     ctx = new_ctx = BN_CTX_new();
    181     if (ctx == NULL) {
    182       return 0;
    183     }
    184   }
    185 
    186   BN_CTX_start(ctx);
    187   tmp_a = BN_CTX_get(ctx);
    188   if (tmp_a == NULL) {
    189     goto err;
    190   }
    191 
    192   /* group->field */
    193   if (!BN_copy(&group->field, p)) {
    194     goto err;
    195   }
    196   BN_set_negative(&group->field, 0);
    197 
    198   /* group->a */
    199   if (!BN_nnmod(tmp_a, a, p, ctx)) {
    200     goto err;
    201   }
    202   if (group->meth->field_encode) {
    203     if (!group->meth->field_encode(group, &group->a, tmp_a, ctx)) {
    204       goto err;
    205     }
    206   } else if (!BN_copy(&group->a, tmp_a)) {
    207     goto err;
    208   }
    209 
    210   /* group->b */
    211   if (!BN_nnmod(&group->b, b, p, ctx)) {
    212     goto err;
    213   }
    214   if (group->meth->field_encode &&
    215       !group->meth->field_encode(group, &group->b, &group->b, ctx)) {
    216     goto err;
    217   }
    218 
    219   /* group->a_is_minus3 */
    220   if (!BN_add_word(tmp_a, 3)) {
    221     goto err;
    222   }
    223   group->a_is_minus3 = (0 == BN_cmp(tmp_a, &group->field));
    224 
    225   ret = 1;
    226 
    227 err:
    228   BN_CTX_end(ctx);
    229   BN_CTX_free(new_ctx);
    230   return ret;
    231 }
    232 
    233 int ec_GFp_simple_group_get_curve(const EC_GROUP *group, BIGNUM *p, BIGNUM *a,
    234                                   BIGNUM *b, BN_CTX *ctx) {
    235   int ret = 0;
    236   BN_CTX *new_ctx = NULL;
    237 
    238   if (p != NULL && !BN_copy(p, &group->field)) {
    239     return 0;
    240   }
    241 
    242   if (a != NULL || b != NULL) {
    243     if (group->meth->field_decode) {
    244       if (ctx == NULL) {
    245         ctx = new_ctx = BN_CTX_new();
    246         if (ctx == NULL) {
    247           return 0;
    248         }
    249       }
    250       if (a != NULL && !group->meth->field_decode(group, a, &group->a, ctx)) {
    251         goto err;
    252       }
    253       if (b != NULL && !group->meth->field_decode(group, b, &group->b, ctx)) {
    254         goto err;
    255       }
    256     } else {
    257       if (a != NULL && !BN_copy(a, &group->a)) {
    258         goto err;
    259       }
    260       if (b != NULL && !BN_copy(b, &group->b)) {
    261         goto err;
    262       }
    263     }
    264   }
    265 
    266   ret = 1;
    267 
    268 err:
    269   BN_CTX_free(new_ctx);
    270   return ret;
    271 }
    272 
    273 int ec_GFp_simple_group_get_degree(const EC_GROUP *group) {
    274   return BN_num_bits(&group->field);
    275 }
    276 
    277 int ec_GFp_simple_group_check_discriminant(const EC_GROUP *group, BN_CTX *ctx) {
    278   int ret = 0;
    279   BIGNUM *a, *b, *order, *tmp_1, *tmp_2;
    280   const BIGNUM *p = &group->field;
    281   BN_CTX *new_ctx = NULL;
    282 
    283   if (ctx == NULL) {
    284     ctx = new_ctx = BN_CTX_new();
    285     if (ctx == NULL) {
    286       OPENSSL_PUT_ERROR(EC, ec_GFp_simple_group_check_discriminant,
    287                         ERR_R_MALLOC_FAILURE);
    288       goto err;
    289     }
    290   }
    291   BN_CTX_start(ctx);
    292   a = BN_CTX_get(ctx);
    293   b = BN_CTX_get(ctx);
    294   tmp_1 = BN_CTX_get(ctx);
    295   tmp_2 = BN_CTX_get(ctx);
    296   order = BN_CTX_get(ctx);
    297   if (order == NULL) {
    298     goto err;
    299   }
    300 
    301   if (group->meth->field_decode) {
    302     if (!group->meth->field_decode(group, a, &group->a, ctx) ||
    303         !group->meth->field_decode(group, b, &group->b, ctx)) {
    304       goto err;
    305     }
    306   } else {
    307     if (!BN_copy(a, &group->a) || !BN_copy(b, &group->b)) {
    308       goto err;
    309     }
    310   }
    311 
    312   /* check the discriminant:
    313    * y^2 = x^3 + a*x + b is an elliptic curve <=> 4*a^3 + 27*b^2 != 0 (mod p)
    314    * 0 =< a, b < p */
    315   if (BN_is_zero(a)) {
    316     if (BN_is_zero(b)) {
    317       goto err;
    318     }
    319   } else if (!BN_is_zero(b)) {
    320     if (!BN_mod_sqr(tmp_1, a, p, ctx) ||
    321         !BN_mod_mul(tmp_2, tmp_1, a, p, ctx) ||
    322         !BN_lshift(tmp_1, tmp_2, 2)) {
    323       goto err;
    324     }
    325     /* tmp_1 = 4*a^3 */
    326 
    327     if (!BN_mod_sqr(tmp_2, b, p, ctx) ||
    328         !BN_mul_word(tmp_2, 27)) {
    329       goto err;
    330     }
    331     /* tmp_2 = 27*b^2 */
    332 
    333     if (!BN_mod_add(a, tmp_1, tmp_2, p, ctx) ||
    334         BN_is_zero(a)) {
    335       goto err;
    336     }
    337   }
    338   ret = 1;
    339 
    340 err:
    341   if (ctx != NULL) {
    342     BN_CTX_end(ctx);
    343   }
    344   BN_CTX_free(new_ctx);
    345   return ret;
    346 }
    347 
    348 int ec_GFp_simple_point_init(EC_POINT *point) {
    349   BN_init(&point->X);
    350   BN_init(&point->Y);
    351   BN_init(&point->Z);
    352   point->Z_is_one = 0;
    353 
    354   return 1;
    355 }
    356 
    357 void ec_GFp_simple_point_finish(EC_POINT *point) {
    358   BN_free(&point->X);
    359   BN_free(&point->Y);
    360   BN_free(&point->Z);
    361 }
    362 
    363 void ec_GFp_simple_point_clear_finish(EC_POINT *point) {
    364   BN_clear_free(&point->X);
    365   BN_clear_free(&point->Y);
    366   BN_clear_free(&point->Z);
    367   point->Z_is_one = 0;
    368 }
    369 
    370 int ec_GFp_simple_point_copy(EC_POINT *dest, const EC_POINT *src) {
    371   if (!BN_copy(&dest->X, &src->X) ||
    372       !BN_copy(&dest->Y, &src->Y) ||
    373       !BN_copy(&dest->Z, &src->Z)) {
    374     return 0;
    375   }
    376   dest->Z_is_one = src->Z_is_one;
    377 
    378   return 1;
    379 }
    380 
    381 int ec_GFp_simple_point_set_to_infinity(const EC_GROUP *group,
    382                                         EC_POINT *point) {
    383   point->Z_is_one = 0;
    384   BN_zero(&point->Z);
    385   return 1;
    386 }
    387 
    388 int ec_GFp_simple_set_Jprojective_coordinates_GFp(
    389     const EC_GROUP *group, EC_POINT *point, const BIGNUM *x, const BIGNUM *y,
    390     const BIGNUM *z, BN_CTX *ctx) {
    391   BN_CTX *new_ctx = NULL;
    392   int ret = 0;
    393 
    394   if (ctx == NULL) {
    395     ctx = new_ctx = BN_CTX_new();
    396     if (ctx == NULL) {
    397       return 0;
    398     }
    399   }
    400 
    401   if (x != NULL) {
    402     if (!BN_nnmod(&point->X, x, &group->field, ctx)) {
    403       goto err;
    404     }
    405     if (group->meth->field_encode &&
    406         !group->meth->field_encode(group, &point->X, &point->X, ctx)) {
    407       goto err;
    408     }
    409   }
    410 
    411   if (y != NULL) {
    412     if (!BN_nnmod(&point->Y, y, &group->field, ctx)) {
    413       goto err;
    414     }
    415     if (group->meth->field_encode &&
    416         !group->meth->field_encode(group, &point->Y, &point->Y, ctx)) {
    417       goto err;
    418     }
    419   }
    420 
    421   if (z != NULL) {
    422     int Z_is_one;
    423 
    424     if (!BN_nnmod(&point->Z, z, &group->field, ctx)) {
    425       goto err;
    426     }
    427     Z_is_one = BN_is_one(&point->Z);
    428     if (group->meth->field_encode) {
    429       if (Z_is_one && (group->meth->field_set_to_one != 0)) {
    430         if (!group->meth->field_set_to_one(group, &point->Z, ctx)) {
    431           goto err;
    432         }
    433       } else if (!group->meth->field_encode(group, &point->Z, &point->Z, ctx)) {
    434         goto err;
    435       }
    436     }
    437     point->Z_is_one = Z_is_one;
    438   }
    439 
    440   ret = 1;
    441 
    442 err:
    443   BN_CTX_free(new_ctx);
    444   return ret;
    445 }
    446 
    447 int ec_GFp_simple_get_Jprojective_coordinates_GFp(const EC_GROUP *group,
    448                                                   const EC_POINT *point,
    449                                                   BIGNUM *x, BIGNUM *y,
    450                                                   BIGNUM *z, BN_CTX *ctx) {
    451   BN_CTX *new_ctx = NULL;
    452   int ret = 0;
    453 
    454   if (group->meth->field_decode != 0) {
    455     if (ctx == NULL) {
    456       ctx = new_ctx = BN_CTX_new();
    457       if (ctx == NULL) {
    458         return 0;
    459       }
    460     }
    461 
    462     if (x != NULL && !group->meth->field_decode(group, x, &point->X, ctx)) {
    463       goto err;
    464     }
    465     if (y != NULL && !group->meth->field_decode(group, y, &point->Y, ctx)) {
    466       goto err;
    467     }
    468     if (z != NULL && !group->meth->field_decode(group, z, &point->Z, ctx)) {
    469       goto err;
    470     }
    471   } else {
    472     if (x != NULL && !BN_copy(x, &point->X)) {
    473       goto err;
    474     }
    475     if (y != NULL && !BN_copy(y, &point->Y)) {
    476       goto err;
    477     }
    478     if (z != NULL && !BN_copy(z, &point->Z)) {
    479       goto err;
    480     }
    481   }
    482 
    483   ret = 1;
    484 
    485 err:
    486   BN_CTX_free(new_ctx);
    487   return ret;
    488 }
    489 
    490 int ec_GFp_simple_point_set_affine_coordinates(const EC_GROUP *group,
    491                                                EC_POINT *point, const BIGNUM *x,
    492                                                const BIGNUM *y, BN_CTX *ctx) {
    493   if (x == NULL || y == NULL) {
    494     /* unlike for projective coordinates, we do not tolerate this */
    495     OPENSSL_PUT_ERROR(EC, ec_GFp_simple_point_set_affine_coordinates,
    496                       ERR_R_PASSED_NULL_PARAMETER);
    497     return 0;
    498   }
    499 
    500   return ec_point_set_Jprojective_coordinates_GFp(group, point, x, y,
    501                                                   BN_value_one(), ctx);
    502 }
    503 
    504 int ec_GFp_simple_point_get_affine_coordinates(const EC_GROUP *group,
    505                                                const EC_POINT *point, BIGNUM *x,
    506                                                BIGNUM *y, BN_CTX *ctx) {
    507   BN_CTX *new_ctx = NULL;
    508   BIGNUM *Z, *Z_1, *Z_2, *Z_3;
    509   const BIGNUM *Z_;
    510   int ret = 0;
    511 
    512   if (EC_POINT_is_at_infinity(group, point)) {
    513     OPENSSL_PUT_ERROR(EC, ec_GFp_simple_point_get_affine_coordinates,
    514                       EC_R_POINT_AT_INFINITY);
    515     return 0;
    516   }
    517 
    518   if (ctx == NULL) {
    519     ctx = new_ctx = BN_CTX_new();
    520     if (ctx == NULL) {
    521       return 0;
    522     }
    523   }
    524 
    525   BN_CTX_start(ctx);
    526   Z = BN_CTX_get(ctx);
    527   Z_1 = BN_CTX_get(ctx);
    528   Z_2 = BN_CTX_get(ctx);
    529   Z_3 = BN_CTX_get(ctx);
    530   if (Z_3 == NULL) {
    531     goto err;
    532   }
    533 
    534   /* transform  (X, Y, Z)  into  (x, y) := (X/Z^2, Y/Z^3) */
    535 
    536   if (group->meth->field_decode) {
    537     if (!group->meth->field_decode(group, Z, &point->Z, ctx)) {
    538       goto err;
    539     }
    540     Z_ = Z;
    541   } else {
    542     Z_ = &point->Z;
    543   }
    544 
    545   if (BN_is_one(Z_)) {
    546     if (group->meth->field_decode) {
    547       if (x != NULL && !group->meth->field_decode(group, x, &point->X, ctx)) {
    548         goto err;
    549       }
    550       if (y != NULL && !group->meth->field_decode(group, y, &point->Y, ctx)) {
    551         goto err;
    552       }
    553     } else {
    554       if (x != NULL && !BN_copy(x, &point->X)) {
    555         goto err;
    556       }
    557       if (y != NULL && !BN_copy(y, &point->Y)) {
    558         goto err;
    559       }
    560     }
    561   } else {
    562     if (!BN_mod_inverse(Z_1, Z_, &group->field, ctx)) {
    563       OPENSSL_PUT_ERROR(EC, ec_GFp_simple_point_get_affine_coordinates,
    564                         ERR_R_BN_LIB);
    565       goto err;
    566     }
    567 
    568     if (group->meth->field_encode == 0) {
    569       /* field_sqr works on standard representation */
    570       if (!group->meth->field_sqr(group, Z_2, Z_1, ctx)) {
    571         goto err;
    572       }
    573     } else if (!BN_mod_sqr(Z_2, Z_1, &group->field, ctx)) {
    574       goto err;
    575     }
    576 
    577     /* in the Montgomery case, field_mul will cancel out Montgomery factor in
    578      * X: */
    579     if (x != NULL && !group->meth->field_mul(group, x, &point->X, Z_2, ctx)) {
    580       goto err;
    581     }
    582 
    583     if (y != NULL) {
    584       if (group->meth->field_encode == 0) {
    585         /* field_mul works on standard representation */
    586         if (!group->meth->field_mul(group, Z_3, Z_2, Z_1, ctx)) {
    587           goto err;
    588         }
    589       } else if (!BN_mod_mul(Z_3, Z_2, Z_1, &group->field, ctx)) {
    590         goto err;
    591       }
    592 
    593       /* in the Montgomery case, field_mul will cancel out Montgomery factor in
    594        * Y: */
    595       if (!group->meth->field_mul(group, y, &point->Y, Z_3, ctx)) {
    596         goto err;
    597       }
    598     }
    599   }
    600 
    601   ret = 1;
    602 
    603 err:
    604   BN_CTX_end(ctx);
    605   BN_CTX_free(new_ctx);
    606   return ret;
    607 }
    608 
    609 int ec_GFp_simple_add(const EC_GROUP *group, EC_POINT *r, const EC_POINT *a,
    610                       const EC_POINT *b, BN_CTX *ctx) {
    611   int (*field_mul)(const EC_GROUP *, BIGNUM *, const BIGNUM *, const BIGNUM *,
    612                    BN_CTX *);
    613   int (*field_sqr)(const EC_GROUP *, BIGNUM *, const BIGNUM *, BN_CTX *);
    614   const BIGNUM *p;
    615   BN_CTX *new_ctx = NULL;
    616   BIGNUM *n0, *n1, *n2, *n3, *n4, *n5, *n6;
    617   int ret = 0;
    618 
    619   if (a == b) {
    620     return EC_POINT_dbl(group, r, a, ctx);
    621   }
    622   if (EC_POINT_is_at_infinity(group, a)) {
    623     return EC_POINT_copy(r, b);
    624   }
    625   if (EC_POINT_is_at_infinity(group, b)) {
    626     return EC_POINT_copy(r, a);
    627   }
    628 
    629   field_mul = group->meth->field_mul;
    630   field_sqr = group->meth->field_sqr;
    631   p = &group->field;
    632 
    633   if (ctx == NULL) {
    634     ctx = new_ctx = BN_CTX_new();
    635     if (ctx == NULL) {
    636       return 0;
    637     }
    638   }
    639 
    640   BN_CTX_start(ctx);
    641   n0 = BN_CTX_get(ctx);
    642   n1 = BN_CTX_get(ctx);
    643   n2 = BN_CTX_get(ctx);
    644   n3 = BN_CTX_get(ctx);
    645   n4 = BN_CTX_get(ctx);
    646   n5 = BN_CTX_get(ctx);
    647   n6 = BN_CTX_get(ctx);
    648   if (n6 == NULL) {
    649     goto end;
    650   }
    651 
    652   /* Note that in this function we must not read components of 'a' or 'b'
    653    * once we have written the corresponding components of 'r'.
    654    * ('r' might be one of 'a' or 'b'.)
    655    */
    656 
    657   /* n1, n2 */
    658   if (b->Z_is_one) {
    659     if (!BN_copy(n1, &a->X) || !BN_copy(n2, &a->Y)) {
    660       goto end;
    661     }
    662     /* n1 = X_a */
    663     /* n2 = Y_a */
    664   } else {
    665     if (!field_sqr(group, n0, &b->Z, ctx) ||
    666         !field_mul(group, n1, &a->X, n0, ctx)) {
    667       goto end;
    668     }
    669     /* n1 = X_a * Z_b^2 */
    670 
    671     if (!field_mul(group, n0, n0, &b->Z, ctx) ||
    672         !field_mul(group, n2, &a->Y, n0, ctx)) {
    673       goto end;
    674     }
    675     /* n2 = Y_a * Z_b^3 */
    676   }
    677 
    678   /* n3, n4 */
    679   if (a->Z_is_one) {
    680     if (!BN_copy(n3, &b->X) || !BN_copy(n4, &b->Y)) {
    681       goto end;
    682     }
    683     /* n3 = X_b */
    684     /* n4 = Y_b */
    685   } else {
    686     if (!field_sqr(group, n0, &a->Z, ctx) ||
    687         !field_mul(group, n3, &b->X, n0, ctx)) {
    688       goto end;
    689     }
    690     /* n3 = X_b * Z_a^2 */
    691 
    692     if (!field_mul(group, n0, n0, &a->Z, ctx) ||
    693         !field_mul(group, n4, &b->Y, n0, ctx)) {
    694       goto end;
    695     }
    696     /* n4 = Y_b * Z_a^3 */
    697   }
    698 
    699   /* n5, n6 */
    700   if (!BN_mod_sub_quick(n5, n1, n3, p) ||
    701       !BN_mod_sub_quick(n6, n2, n4, p)) {
    702     goto end;
    703   }
    704   /* n5 = n1 - n3 */
    705   /* n6 = n2 - n4 */
    706 
    707   if (BN_is_zero(n5)) {
    708     if (BN_is_zero(n6)) {
    709       /* a is the same point as b */
    710       BN_CTX_end(ctx);
    711       ret = EC_POINT_dbl(group, r, a, ctx);
    712       ctx = NULL;
    713       goto end;
    714     } else {
    715       /* a is the inverse of b */
    716       BN_zero(&r->Z);
    717       r->Z_is_one = 0;
    718       ret = 1;
    719       goto end;
    720     }
    721   }
    722 
    723   /* 'n7', 'n8' */
    724   if (!BN_mod_add_quick(n1, n1, n3, p) ||
    725       !BN_mod_add_quick(n2, n2, n4, p)) {
    726     goto end;
    727   }
    728   /* 'n7' = n1 + n3 */
    729   /* 'n8' = n2 + n4 */
    730 
    731   /* Z_r */
    732   if (a->Z_is_one && b->Z_is_one) {
    733     if (!BN_copy(&r->Z, n5)) {
    734       goto end;
    735     }
    736   } else {
    737     if (a->Z_is_one) {
    738       if (!BN_copy(n0, &b->Z)) {
    739         goto end;
    740       }
    741     } else if (b->Z_is_one) {
    742       if (!BN_copy(n0, &a->Z)) {
    743         goto end;
    744       }
    745     } else if (!field_mul(group, n0, &a->Z, &b->Z, ctx)) {
    746       goto end;
    747     }
    748     if (!field_mul(group, &r->Z, n0, n5, ctx)) {
    749       goto end;
    750     }
    751   }
    752   r->Z_is_one = 0;
    753   /* Z_r = Z_a * Z_b * n5 */
    754 
    755   /* X_r */
    756   if (!field_sqr(group, n0, n6, ctx) ||
    757       !field_sqr(group, n4, n5, ctx) ||
    758       !field_mul(group, n3, n1, n4, ctx) ||
    759       !BN_mod_sub_quick(&r->X, n0, n3, p)) {
    760     goto end;
    761   }
    762   /* X_r = n6^2 - n5^2 * 'n7' */
    763 
    764   /* 'n9' */
    765   if (!BN_mod_lshift1_quick(n0, &r->X, p) ||
    766       !BN_mod_sub_quick(n0, n3, n0, p)) {
    767     goto end;
    768   }
    769   /* n9 = n5^2 * 'n7' - 2 * X_r */
    770 
    771   /* Y_r */
    772   if (!field_mul(group, n0, n0, n6, ctx) ||
    773       !field_mul(group, n5, n4, n5, ctx)) {
    774     goto end; /* now n5 is n5^3 */
    775   }
    776   if (!field_mul(group, n1, n2, n5, ctx) ||
    777       !BN_mod_sub_quick(n0, n0, n1, p)) {
    778     goto end;
    779   }
    780   if (BN_is_odd(n0) && !BN_add(n0, n0, p)) {
    781     goto end;
    782   }
    783   /* now  0 <= n0 < 2*p,  and n0 is even */
    784   if (!BN_rshift1(&r->Y, n0)) {
    785     goto end;
    786   }
    787   /* Y_r = (n6 * 'n9' - 'n8' * 'n5^3') / 2 */
    788 
    789   ret = 1;
    790 
    791 end:
    792   if (ctx) {
    793     /* otherwise we already called BN_CTX_end */
    794     BN_CTX_end(ctx);
    795   }
    796   BN_CTX_free(new_ctx);
    797   return ret;
    798 }
    799 
    800 int ec_GFp_simple_dbl(const EC_GROUP *group, EC_POINT *r, const EC_POINT *a,
    801                       BN_CTX *ctx) {
    802   int (*field_mul)(const EC_GROUP *, BIGNUM *, const BIGNUM *, const BIGNUM *,
    803                    BN_CTX *);
    804   int (*field_sqr)(const EC_GROUP *, BIGNUM *, const BIGNUM *, BN_CTX *);
    805   const BIGNUM *p;
    806   BN_CTX *new_ctx = NULL;
    807   BIGNUM *n0, *n1, *n2, *n3;
    808   int ret = 0;
    809 
    810   if (EC_POINT_is_at_infinity(group, a)) {
    811     BN_zero(&r->Z);
    812     r->Z_is_one = 0;
    813     return 1;
    814   }
    815 
    816   field_mul = group->meth->field_mul;
    817   field_sqr = group->meth->field_sqr;
    818   p = &group->field;
    819 
    820   if (ctx == NULL) {
    821     ctx = new_ctx = BN_CTX_new();
    822     if (ctx == NULL) {
    823       return 0;
    824     }
    825   }
    826 
    827   BN_CTX_start(ctx);
    828   n0 = BN_CTX_get(ctx);
    829   n1 = BN_CTX_get(ctx);
    830   n2 = BN_CTX_get(ctx);
    831   n3 = BN_CTX_get(ctx);
    832   if (n3 == NULL) {
    833     goto err;
    834   }
    835 
    836   /* Note that in this function we must not read components of 'a'
    837    * once we have written the corresponding components of 'r'.
    838    * ('r' might the same as 'a'.)
    839    */
    840 
    841   /* n1 */
    842   if (a->Z_is_one) {
    843     if (!field_sqr(group, n0, &a->X, ctx) ||
    844         !BN_mod_lshift1_quick(n1, n0, p) ||
    845         !BN_mod_add_quick(n0, n0, n1, p) ||
    846         !BN_mod_add_quick(n1, n0, &group->a, p)) {
    847       goto err;
    848     }
    849     /* n1 = 3 * X_a^2 + a_curve */
    850   } else if (group->a_is_minus3) {
    851     if (!field_sqr(group, n1, &a->Z, ctx) ||
    852         !BN_mod_add_quick(n0, &a->X, n1, p) ||
    853         !BN_mod_sub_quick(n2, &a->X, n1, p) ||
    854         !field_mul(group, n1, n0, n2, ctx) ||
    855         !BN_mod_lshift1_quick(n0, n1, p) ||
    856         !BN_mod_add_quick(n1, n0, n1, p)) {
    857       goto err;
    858     }
    859     /* n1 = 3 * (X_a + Z_a^2) * (X_a - Z_a^2)
    860      *    = 3 * X_a^2 - 3 * Z_a^4 */
    861   } else {
    862     if (!field_sqr(group, n0, &a->X, ctx) ||
    863         !BN_mod_lshift1_quick(n1, n0, p) ||
    864         !BN_mod_add_quick(n0, n0, n1, p) ||
    865         !field_sqr(group, n1, &a->Z, ctx) ||
    866         !field_sqr(group, n1, n1, ctx) ||
    867         !field_mul(group, n1, n1, &group->a, ctx) ||
    868         !BN_mod_add_quick(n1, n1, n0, p)) {
    869       goto err;
    870     }
    871     /* n1 = 3 * X_a^2 + a_curve * Z_a^4 */
    872   }
    873 
    874   /* Z_r */
    875   if (a->Z_is_one) {
    876     if (!BN_copy(n0, &a->Y)) {
    877       goto err;
    878     }
    879   } else if (!field_mul(group, n0, &a->Y, &a->Z, ctx)) {
    880     goto err;
    881   }
    882   if (!BN_mod_lshift1_quick(&r->Z, n0, p)) {
    883     goto err;
    884   }
    885   r->Z_is_one = 0;
    886   /* Z_r = 2 * Y_a * Z_a */
    887 
    888   /* n2 */
    889   if (!field_sqr(group, n3, &a->Y, ctx) ||
    890       !field_mul(group, n2, &a->X, n3, ctx) ||
    891       !BN_mod_lshift_quick(n2, n2, 2, p)) {
    892     goto err;
    893   }
    894   /* n2 = 4 * X_a * Y_a^2 */
    895 
    896   /* X_r */
    897   if (!BN_mod_lshift1_quick(n0, n2, p) ||
    898       !field_sqr(group, &r->X, n1, ctx) ||
    899       !BN_mod_sub_quick(&r->X, &r->X, n0, p)) {
    900     goto err;
    901   }
    902   /* X_r = n1^2 - 2 * n2 */
    903 
    904   /* n3 */
    905   if (!field_sqr(group, n0, n3, ctx) ||
    906       !BN_mod_lshift_quick(n3, n0, 3, p)) {
    907     goto err;
    908   }
    909   /* n3 = 8 * Y_a^4 */
    910 
    911   /* Y_r */
    912   if (!BN_mod_sub_quick(n0, n2, &r->X, p) ||
    913       !field_mul(group, n0, n1, n0, ctx) ||
    914       !BN_mod_sub_quick(&r->Y, n0, n3, p)) {
    915     goto err;
    916   }
    917   /* Y_r = n1 * (n2 - X_r) - n3 */
    918 
    919   ret = 1;
    920 
    921 err:
    922   BN_CTX_end(ctx);
    923   BN_CTX_free(new_ctx);
    924   return ret;
    925 }
    926 
    927 int ec_GFp_simple_invert(const EC_GROUP *group, EC_POINT *point, BN_CTX *ctx) {
    928   if (EC_POINT_is_at_infinity(group, point) || BN_is_zero(&point->Y)) {
    929     /* point is its own inverse */
    930     return 1;
    931   }
    932 
    933   return BN_usub(&point->Y, &group->field, &point->Y);
    934 }
    935 
    936 int ec_GFp_simple_is_at_infinity(const EC_GROUP *group, const EC_POINT *point) {
    937   return !point->Z_is_one && BN_is_zero(&point->Z);
    938 }
    939 
    940 int ec_GFp_simple_is_on_curve(const EC_GROUP *group, const EC_POINT *point,
    941                               BN_CTX *ctx) {
    942   int (*field_mul)(const EC_GROUP *, BIGNUM *, const BIGNUM *, const BIGNUM *,
    943                    BN_CTX *);
    944   int (*field_sqr)(const EC_GROUP *, BIGNUM *, const BIGNUM *, BN_CTX *);
    945   const BIGNUM *p;
    946   BN_CTX *new_ctx = NULL;
    947   BIGNUM *rh, *tmp, *Z4, *Z6;
    948   int ret = -1;
    949 
    950   if (EC_POINT_is_at_infinity(group, point)) {
    951     return 1;
    952   }
    953 
    954   field_mul = group->meth->field_mul;
    955   field_sqr = group->meth->field_sqr;
    956   p = &group->field;
    957 
    958   if (ctx == NULL) {
    959     ctx = new_ctx = BN_CTX_new();
    960     if (ctx == NULL) {
    961       return -1;
    962     }
    963   }
    964 
    965   BN_CTX_start(ctx);
    966   rh = BN_CTX_get(ctx);
    967   tmp = BN_CTX_get(ctx);
    968   Z4 = BN_CTX_get(ctx);
    969   Z6 = BN_CTX_get(ctx);
    970   if (Z6 == NULL) {
    971     goto err;
    972   }
    973 
    974   /* We have a curve defined by a Weierstrass equation
    975    *      y^2 = x^3 + a*x + b.
    976    * The point to consider is given in Jacobian projective coordinates
    977    * where  (X, Y, Z)  represents  (x, y) = (X/Z^2, Y/Z^3).
    978    * Substituting this and multiplying by  Z^6  transforms the above equation
    979    * into
    980    *      Y^2 = X^3 + a*X*Z^4 + b*Z^6.
    981    * To test this, we add up the right-hand side in 'rh'.
    982    */
    983 
    984   /* rh := X^2 */
    985   if (!field_sqr(group, rh, &point->X, ctx)) {
    986     goto err;
    987   }
    988 
    989   if (!point->Z_is_one) {
    990     if (!field_sqr(group, tmp, &point->Z, ctx) ||
    991         !field_sqr(group, Z4, tmp, ctx) ||
    992         !field_mul(group, Z6, Z4, tmp, ctx)) {
    993       goto err;
    994     }
    995 
    996     /* rh := (rh + a*Z^4)*X */
    997     if (group->a_is_minus3) {
    998       if (!BN_mod_lshift1_quick(tmp, Z4, p) ||
    999           !BN_mod_add_quick(tmp, tmp, Z4, p) ||
   1000           !BN_mod_sub_quick(rh, rh, tmp, p) ||
   1001           !field_mul(group, rh, rh, &point->X, ctx)) {
   1002         goto err;
   1003       }
   1004     } else {
   1005       if (!field_mul(group, tmp, Z4, &group->a, ctx) ||
   1006           !BN_mod_add_quick(rh, rh, tmp, p) ||
   1007           !field_mul(group, rh, rh, &point->X, ctx)) {
   1008         goto err;
   1009       }
   1010     }
   1011 
   1012     /* rh := rh + b*Z^6 */
   1013     if (!field_mul(group, tmp, &group->b, Z6, ctx) ||
   1014         !BN_mod_add_quick(rh, rh, tmp, p)) {
   1015       goto err;
   1016     }
   1017   } else {
   1018     /* point->Z_is_one */
   1019 
   1020     /* rh := (rh + a)*X */
   1021     if (!BN_mod_add_quick(rh, rh, &group->a, p) ||
   1022         !field_mul(group, rh, rh, &point->X, ctx)) {
   1023       goto err;
   1024     }
   1025     /* rh := rh + b */
   1026     if (!BN_mod_add_quick(rh, rh, &group->b, p)) {
   1027       goto err;
   1028     }
   1029   }
   1030 
   1031   /* 'lh' := Y^2 */
   1032   if (!field_sqr(group, tmp, &point->Y, ctx)) {
   1033     goto err;
   1034   }
   1035 
   1036   ret = (0 == BN_ucmp(tmp, rh));
   1037 
   1038 err:
   1039   BN_CTX_end(ctx);
   1040   BN_CTX_free(new_ctx);
   1041   return ret;
   1042 }
   1043 
   1044 int ec_GFp_simple_cmp(const EC_GROUP *group, const EC_POINT *a,
   1045                       const EC_POINT *b, BN_CTX *ctx) {
   1046   /* return values:
   1047    *  -1   error
   1048    *   0   equal (in affine coordinates)
   1049    *   1   not equal
   1050    */
   1051 
   1052   int (*field_mul)(const EC_GROUP *, BIGNUM *, const BIGNUM *, const BIGNUM *,
   1053                    BN_CTX *);
   1054   int (*field_sqr)(const EC_GROUP *, BIGNUM *, const BIGNUM *, BN_CTX *);
   1055   BN_CTX *new_ctx = NULL;
   1056   BIGNUM *tmp1, *tmp2, *Za23, *Zb23;
   1057   const BIGNUM *tmp1_, *tmp2_;
   1058   int ret = -1;
   1059 
   1060   if (EC_POINT_is_at_infinity(group, a)) {
   1061     return EC_POINT_is_at_infinity(group, b) ? 0 : 1;
   1062   }
   1063 
   1064   if (EC_POINT_is_at_infinity(group, b)) {
   1065     return 1;
   1066   }
   1067 
   1068   if (a->Z_is_one && b->Z_is_one) {
   1069     return ((BN_cmp(&a->X, &b->X) == 0) && BN_cmp(&a->Y, &b->Y) == 0) ? 0 : 1;
   1070   }
   1071 
   1072   field_mul = group->meth->field_mul;
   1073   field_sqr = group->meth->field_sqr;
   1074 
   1075   if (ctx == NULL) {
   1076     ctx = new_ctx = BN_CTX_new();
   1077     if (ctx == NULL) {
   1078       return -1;
   1079     }
   1080   }
   1081 
   1082   BN_CTX_start(ctx);
   1083   tmp1 = BN_CTX_get(ctx);
   1084   tmp2 = BN_CTX_get(ctx);
   1085   Za23 = BN_CTX_get(ctx);
   1086   Zb23 = BN_CTX_get(ctx);
   1087   if (Zb23 == NULL) {
   1088     goto end;
   1089   }
   1090 
   1091   /* We have to decide whether
   1092    *     (X_a/Z_a^2, Y_a/Z_a^3) = (X_b/Z_b^2, Y_b/Z_b^3),
   1093    * or equivalently, whether
   1094    *     (X_a*Z_b^2, Y_a*Z_b^3) = (X_b*Z_a^2, Y_b*Z_a^3).
   1095    */
   1096 
   1097   if (!b->Z_is_one) {
   1098     if (!field_sqr(group, Zb23, &b->Z, ctx) ||
   1099         !field_mul(group, tmp1, &a->X, Zb23, ctx)) {
   1100       goto end;
   1101     }
   1102     tmp1_ = tmp1;
   1103   } else {
   1104     tmp1_ = &a->X;
   1105   }
   1106   if (!a->Z_is_one) {
   1107     if (!field_sqr(group, Za23, &a->Z, ctx) ||
   1108         !field_mul(group, tmp2, &b->X, Za23, ctx)) {
   1109       goto end;
   1110     }
   1111     tmp2_ = tmp2;
   1112   } else {
   1113     tmp2_ = &b->X;
   1114   }
   1115 
   1116   /* compare  X_a*Z_b^2  with  X_b*Z_a^2 */
   1117   if (BN_cmp(tmp1_, tmp2_) != 0) {
   1118     ret = 1; /* points differ */
   1119     goto end;
   1120   }
   1121 
   1122 
   1123   if (!b->Z_is_one) {
   1124     if (!field_mul(group, Zb23, Zb23, &b->Z, ctx) ||
   1125         !field_mul(group, tmp1, &a->Y, Zb23, ctx)) {
   1126       goto end;
   1127     }
   1128     /* tmp1_ = tmp1 */
   1129   } else {
   1130     tmp1_ = &a->Y;
   1131   }
   1132   if (!a->Z_is_one) {
   1133     if (!field_mul(group, Za23, Za23, &a->Z, ctx) ||
   1134         !field_mul(group, tmp2, &b->Y, Za23, ctx)) {
   1135       goto end;
   1136     }
   1137     /* tmp2_ = tmp2 */
   1138   } else {
   1139     tmp2_ = &b->Y;
   1140   }
   1141 
   1142   /* compare  Y_a*Z_b^3  with  Y_b*Z_a^3 */
   1143   if (BN_cmp(tmp1_, tmp2_) != 0) {
   1144     ret = 1; /* points differ */
   1145     goto end;
   1146   }
   1147 
   1148   /* points are equal */
   1149   ret = 0;
   1150 
   1151 end:
   1152   BN_CTX_end(ctx);
   1153   BN_CTX_free(new_ctx);
   1154   return ret;
   1155 }
   1156 
   1157 int ec_GFp_simple_make_affine(const EC_GROUP *group, EC_POINT *point,
   1158                               BN_CTX *ctx) {
   1159   BN_CTX *new_ctx = NULL;
   1160   BIGNUM *x, *y;
   1161   int ret = 0;
   1162 
   1163   if (point->Z_is_one || EC_POINT_is_at_infinity(group, point)) {
   1164     return 1;
   1165   }
   1166 
   1167   if (ctx == NULL) {
   1168     ctx = new_ctx = BN_CTX_new();
   1169     if (ctx == NULL) {
   1170       return 0;
   1171     }
   1172   }
   1173 
   1174   BN_CTX_start(ctx);
   1175   x = BN_CTX_get(ctx);
   1176   y = BN_CTX_get(ctx);
   1177   if (y == NULL) {
   1178     goto err;
   1179   }
   1180 
   1181   if (!EC_POINT_get_affine_coordinates_GFp(group, point, x, y, ctx) ||
   1182       !EC_POINT_set_affine_coordinates_GFp(group, point, x, y, ctx)) {
   1183     goto err;
   1184   }
   1185   if (!point->Z_is_one) {
   1186     OPENSSL_PUT_ERROR(EC, ec_GFp_simple_make_affine, ERR_R_INTERNAL_ERROR);
   1187     goto err;
   1188   }
   1189 
   1190   ret = 1;
   1191 
   1192 err:
   1193   BN_CTX_end(ctx);
   1194   BN_CTX_free(new_ctx);
   1195   return ret;
   1196 }
   1197 
   1198 int ec_GFp_simple_points_make_affine(const EC_GROUP *group, size_t num,
   1199                                      EC_POINT *points[], BN_CTX *ctx) {
   1200   BN_CTX *new_ctx = NULL;
   1201   BIGNUM *tmp, *tmp_Z;
   1202   BIGNUM **prod_Z = NULL;
   1203   size_t i;
   1204   int ret = 0;
   1205 
   1206   if (num == 0) {
   1207     return 1;
   1208   }
   1209 
   1210   if (ctx == NULL) {
   1211     ctx = new_ctx = BN_CTX_new();
   1212     if (ctx == NULL) {
   1213       return 0;
   1214     }
   1215   }
   1216 
   1217   BN_CTX_start(ctx);
   1218   tmp = BN_CTX_get(ctx);
   1219   tmp_Z = BN_CTX_get(ctx);
   1220   if (tmp == NULL || tmp_Z == NULL) {
   1221     goto err;
   1222   }
   1223 
   1224   prod_Z = OPENSSL_malloc(num * sizeof(prod_Z[0]));
   1225   if (prod_Z == NULL) {
   1226     goto err;
   1227   }
   1228   memset(prod_Z, 0, num * sizeof(prod_Z[0]));
   1229   for (i = 0; i < num; i++) {
   1230     prod_Z[i] = BN_new();
   1231     if (prod_Z[i] == NULL) {
   1232       goto err;
   1233     }
   1234   }
   1235 
   1236   /* Set each prod_Z[i] to the product of points[0]->Z .. points[i]->Z,
   1237    * skipping any zero-valued inputs (pretend that they're 1). */
   1238 
   1239   if (!BN_is_zero(&points[0]->Z)) {
   1240     if (!BN_copy(prod_Z[0], &points[0]->Z)) {
   1241       goto err;
   1242     }
   1243   } else {
   1244     if (group->meth->field_set_to_one != 0) {
   1245       if (!group->meth->field_set_to_one(group, prod_Z[0], ctx)) {
   1246         goto err;
   1247       }
   1248     } else {
   1249       if (!BN_one(prod_Z[0])) {
   1250         goto err;
   1251       }
   1252     }
   1253   }
   1254 
   1255   for (i = 1; i < num; i++) {
   1256     if (!BN_is_zero(&points[i]->Z)) {
   1257       if (!group->meth->field_mul(group, prod_Z[i], prod_Z[i - 1],
   1258                                   &points[i]->Z, ctx)) {
   1259         goto err;
   1260       }
   1261     } else {
   1262       if (!BN_copy(prod_Z[i], prod_Z[i - 1])) {
   1263         goto err;
   1264       }
   1265     }
   1266   }
   1267 
   1268   /* Now use a single explicit inversion to replace every
   1269    * non-zero points[i]->Z by its inverse. */
   1270 
   1271   if (!BN_mod_inverse(tmp, prod_Z[num - 1], &group->field, ctx)) {
   1272     OPENSSL_PUT_ERROR(EC, ec_GFp_simple_points_make_affine, ERR_R_BN_LIB);
   1273     goto err;
   1274   }
   1275 
   1276   if (group->meth->field_encode != NULL) {
   1277     /* In the Montgomery case, we just turned R*H (representing H)
   1278      * into 1/(R*H), but we need R*(1/H) (representing 1/H);
   1279      * i.e. we need to multiply by the Montgomery factor twice. */
   1280     if (!group->meth->field_encode(group, tmp, tmp, ctx) ||
   1281         !group->meth->field_encode(group, tmp, tmp, ctx)) {
   1282       goto err;
   1283     }
   1284   }
   1285 
   1286   for (i = num - 1; i > 0; --i) {
   1287     /* Loop invariant: tmp is the product of the inverses of
   1288      * points[0]->Z .. points[i]->Z (zero-valued inputs skipped). */
   1289     if (BN_is_zero(&points[i]->Z)) {
   1290       continue;
   1291     }
   1292 
   1293     /* Set tmp_Z to the inverse of points[i]->Z (as product
   1294      * of Z inverses 0 .. i, Z values 0 .. i - 1). */
   1295     if (!group->meth->field_mul(group, tmp_Z, prod_Z[i - 1], tmp, ctx) ||
   1296         /* Update tmp to satisfy the loop invariant for i - 1. */
   1297         !group->meth->field_mul(group, tmp, tmp, &points[i]->Z, ctx) ||
   1298         /* Replace points[i]->Z by its inverse. */
   1299         !BN_copy(&points[i]->Z, tmp_Z)) {
   1300       goto err;
   1301     }
   1302   }
   1303 
   1304   /* Replace points[0]->Z by its inverse. */
   1305   if (!BN_is_zero(&points[0]->Z) && !BN_copy(&points[0]->Z, tmp)) {
   1306     goto err;
   1307   }
   1308 
   1309   /* Finally, fix up the X and Y coordinates for all points. */
   1310   for (i = 0; i < num; i++) {
   1311     EC_POINT *p = points[i];
   1312 
   1313     if (!BN_is_zero(&p->Z)) {
   1314       /* turn (X, Y, 1/Z) into (X/Z^2, Y/Z^3, 1). */
   1315       if (!group->meth->field_sqr(group, tmp, &p->Z, ctx) ||
   1316           !group->meth->field_mul(group, &p->X, &p->X, tmp, ctx) ||
   1317           !group->meth->field_mul(group, tmp, tmp, &p->Z, ctx) ||
   1318           !group->meth->field_mul(group, &p->Y, &p->Y, tmp, ctx)) {
   1319         goto err;
   1320       }
   1321 
   1322       if (group->meth->field_set_to_one != NULL) {
   1323         if (!group->meth->field_set_to_one(group, &p->Z, ctx)) {
   1324           goto err;
   1325         }
   1326       } else {
   1327         if (!BN_one(&p->Z)) {
   1328           goto err;
   1329         }
   1330       }
   1331       p->Z_is_one = 1;
   1332     }
   1333   }
   1334 
   1335   ret = 1;
   1336 
   1337 err:
   1338   BN_CTX_end(ctx);
   1339   BN_CTX_free(new_ctx);
   1340   if (prod_Z != NULL) {
   1341     for (i = 0; i < num; i++) {
   1342       if (prod_Z[i] == NULL) {
   1343         break;
   1344       }
   1345       BN_clear_free(prod_Z[i]);
   1346     }
   1347     OPENSSL_free(prod_Z);
   1348   }
   1349 
   1350   return ret;
   1351 }
   1352 
   1353 int ec_GFp_simple_field_mul(const EC_GROUP *group, BIGNUM *r, const BIGNUM *a,
   1354                             const BIGNUM *b, BN_CTX *ctx) {
   1355   return BN_mod_mul(r, a, b, &group->field, ctx);
   1356 }
   1357 
   1358 int ec_GFp_simple_field_sqr(const EC_GROUP *group, BIGNUM *r, const BIGNUM *a,
   1359                             BN_CTX *ctx) {
   1360   return BN_mod_sqr(r, a, &group->field, ctx);
   1361 }
   1362