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      1 /*	$OpenBSD: var.c,v 1.38 2013/12/20 17:53:09 zhuk Exp $	*/
      2 
      3 /*-
      4  * Copyright (c) 2003, 2004, 2005, 2006, 2007, 2008, 2009, 2010,
      5  *		 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014, 2015
      6  *	Thorsten Glaser <tg (at) mirbsd.org>
      7  *
      8  * Provided that these terms and disclaimer and all copyright notices
      9  * are retained or reproduced in an accompanying document, permission
     10  * is granted to deal in this work without restriction, including un-
     11  * limited rights to use, publicly perform, distribute, sell, modify,
     12  * merge, give away, or sublicence.
     13  *
     14  * This work is provided "AS IS" and WITHOUT WARRANTY of any kind, to
     15  * the utmost extent permitted by applicable law, neither express nor
     16  * implied; without malicious intent or gross negligence. In no event
     17  * may a licensor, author or contributor be held liable for indirect,
     18  * direct, other damage, loss, or other issues arising in any way out
     19  * of dealing in the work, even if advised of the possibility of such
     20  * damage or existence of a defect, except proven that it results out
     21  * of said person's immediate fault when using the work as intended.
     22  */
     23 
     24 #include "sh.h"
     25 #include "mirhash.h"
     26 
     27 #if defined(__OpenBSD__)
     28 #include <sys/sysctl.h>
     29 #endif
     30 
     31 __RCSID("$MirOS: src/bin/mksh/var.c,v 1.183.2.4 2015/04/19 19:18:23 tg Exp $");
     32 
     33 /*-
     34  * Variables
     35  *
     36  * WARNING: unreadable code, needs a rewrite
     37  *
     38  * if (flag&INTEGER), val.i contains integer value, and type contains base.
     39  * otherwise, (val.s + type) contains string value.
     40  * if (flag&EXPORT), val.s contains "name=value" for E-Z exporting.
     41  */
     42 
     43 static struct table specials;
     44 static uint32_t lcg_state = 5381, qh_state = 4711;
     45 /* may only be set by typeset() just before call to array_index_calc() */
     46 static enum namerefflag innermost_refflag = SRF_NOP;
     47 
     48 static char *formatstr(struct tbl *, const char *);
     49 static void exportprep(struct tbl *, const char *);
     50 static int special(const char *);
     51 static void unspecial(const char *);
     52 static void getspec(struct tbl *);
     53 static void setspec(struct tbl *);
     54 static void unsetspec(struct tbl *);
     55 static int getint(struct tbl *, mksh_ari_u *, bool);
     56 static const char *array_index_calc(const char *, bool *, uint32_t *);
     57 
     58 /*
     59  * create a new block for function calls and simple commands
     60  * assume caller has allocated and set up e->loc
     61  */
     62 void
     63 newblock(void)
     64 {
     65 	struct block *l;
     66 	static const char *empty[] = { null };
     67 
     68 	l = alloc(sizeof(struct block), ATEMP);
     69 	l->flags = 0;
     70 	/* TODO: could use e->area (l->area => l->areap) */
     71 	ainit(&l->area);
     72 	if (!e->loc) {
     73 		l->argc = 0;
     74 		l->argv = empty;
     75 	} else {
     76 		l->argc = e->loc->argc;
     77 		l->argv = e->loc->argv;
     78 	}
     79 	l->exit = l->error = NULL;
     80 	ktinit(&l->area, &l->vars, 0);
     81 	ktinit(&l->area, &l->funs, 0);
     82 	l->next = e->loc;
     83 	e->loc = l;
     84 }
     85 
     86 /*
     87  * pop a block handling special variables
     88  */
     89 void
     90 popblock(void)
     91 {
     92 	ssize_t i;
     93 	struct block *l = e->loc;
     94 	struct tbl *vp, **vpp = l->vars.tbls, *vq;
     95 
     96 	/* pop block */
     97 	e->loc = l->next;
     98 
     99 	i = 1 << (l->vars.tshift);
    100 	while (--i >= 0)
    101 		if ((vp = *vpp++) != NULL && (vp->flag&SPECIAL)) {
    102 			if ((vq = global(vp->name))->flag & ISSET)
    103 				setspec(vq);
    104 			else
    105 				unsetspec(vq);
    106 		}
    107 	if (l->flags & BF_DOGETOPTS)
    108 		user_opt = l->getopts_state;
    109 	afreeall(&l->area);
    110 	afree(l, ATEMP);
    111 }
    112 
    113 /* called by main() to initialise variable data structures */
    114 #define VARSPEC_DEFNS
    115 #include "var_spec.h"
    116 
    117 enum var_specs {
    118 #define VARSPEC_ENUMS
    119 #include "var_spec.h"
    120 	V_MAX
    121 };
    122 
    123 /* this is biased with -1 relative to VARSPEC_ENUMS */
    124 static const char * const initvar_names[] = {
    125 #define VARSPEC_ITEMS
    126 #include "var_spec.h"
    127 };
    128 
    129 void
    130 initvar(void)
    131 {
    132 	int i = 0;
    133 	struct tbl *tp;
    134 
    135 	ktinit(APERM, &specials,
    136 	    /* currently 14 specials: 75% of 32 = 2^5 */
    137 	    5);
    138 	while (i < V_MAX - 1) {
    139 		tp = ktenter(&specials, initvar_names[i],
    140 		    hash(initvar_names[i]));
    141 		tp->flag = DEFINED|ISSET;
    142 		tp->type = ++i;
    143 	}
    144 }
    145 
    146 /* common code for several functions below and c_typeset() */
    147 struct block *
    148 varsearch(struct block *l, struct tbl **vpp, const char *vn, uint32_t h)
    149 {
    150 	register struct tbl *vp;
    151 
    152 	if (l) {
    153  varsearch_loop:
    154 		if ((vp = ktsearch(&l->vars, vn, h)) != NULL)
    155 			goto varsearch_out;
    156 		if (l->next != NULL) {
    157 			l = l->next;
    158 			goto varsearch_loop;
    159 		}
    160 	}
    161 	vp = NULL;
    162  varsearch_out:
    163 	*vpp = vp;
    164 	return (l);
    165 }
    166 
    167 /*
    168  * Used to calculate an array index for global()/local(). Sets *arrayp
    169  * to true if this is an array, sets *valp to the array index, returns
    170  * the basename of the array. May only be called from global()/local()
    171  * and must be their first callee.
    172  */
    173 static const char *
    174 array_index_calc(const char *n, bool *arrayp, uint32_t *valp)
    175 {
    176 	const char *p;
    177 	size_t len;
    178 	char *ap = NULL;
    179 
    180 	*arrayp = false;
    181  redo_from_ref:
    182 	p = skip_varname(n, false);
    183 	if (innermost_refflag == SRF_NOP && (p != n) && ksh_isalphx(n[0])) {
    184 		struct tbl *vp;
    185 		char *vn;
    186 
    187 		strndupx(vn, n, p - n, ATEMP);
    188 		/* check if this is a reference */
    189 		varsearch(e->loc, &vp, vn, hash(vn));
    190 		afree(vn, ATEMP);
    191 		if (vp && (vp->flag & (DEFINED | ASSOC | ARRAY)) ==
    192 		    (DEFINED | ASSOC)) {
    193 			char *cp;
    194 
    195 			/* gotcha! */
    196 			cp = shf_smprintf("%s%s", str_val(vp), p);
    197 			afree(ap, ATEMP);
    198 			n = ap = cp;
    199 			goto redo_from_ref;
    200 		}
    201 	}
    202 	innermost_refflag = SRF_NOP;
    203 
    204 	if (p != n && *p == '[' && (len = array_ref_len(p))) {
    205 		char *sub, *tmp;
    206 		mksh_ari_t rval;
    207 
    208 		/* calculate the value of the subscript */
    209 		*arrayp = true;
    210 		strndupx(tmp, p + 1, len - 2, ATEMP);
    211 		sub = substitute(tmp, 0);
    212 		afree(tmp, ATEMP);
    213 		strndupx(n, n, p - n, ATEMP);
    214 		evaluate(sub, &rval, KSH_UNWIND_ERROR, true);
    215 		*valp = (uint32_t)rval;
    216 		afree(sub, ATEMP);
    217 	}
    218 	return (n);
    219 }
    220 
    221 /*
    222  * Search for variable, if not found create globally.
    223  */
    224 struct tbl *
    225 global(const char *n)
    226 {
    227 	struct block *l = e->loc;
    228 	struct tbl *vp;
    229 	int c;
    230 	bool array;
    231 	uint32_t h, val;
    232 
    233 	/*
    234 	 * check to see if this is an array;
    235 	 * dereference namerefs; must come first
    236 	 */
    237 	n = array_index_calc(n, &array, &val);
    238 	h = hash(n);
    239 	c = (unsigned char)n[0];
    240 	if (!ksh_isalphx(c)) {
    241 		if (array)
    242 			errorf("bad substitution");
    243 		vp = &vtemp;
    244 		vp->flag = DEFINED;
    245 		vp->type = 0;
    246 		vp->areap = ATEMP;
    247 		*vp->name = c;
    248 		if (ksh_isdigit(c)) {
    249 			if (getn(n, &c) && (c <= l->argc))
    250 				/* setstr can't fail here */
    251 				setstr(vp, l->argv[c], KSH_RETURN_ERROR);
    252 			vp->flag |= RDONLY;
    253 			return (vp);
    254 		}
    255 		vp->flag |= RDONLY;
    256 		if (n[1] != '\0')
    257 			return (vp);
    258 		vp->flag |= ISSET|INTEGER;
    259 		switch (c) {
    260 		case '$':
    261 			vp->val.i = kshpid;
    262 			break;
    263 		case '!':
    264 			/* if no job, expand to nothing */
    265 			if ((vp->val.i = j_async()) == 0)
    266 				vp->flag &= ~(ISSET|INTEGER);
    267 			break;
    268 		case '?':
    269 			vp->val.i = exstat & 0xFF;
    270 			break;
    271 		case '#':
    272 			vp->val.i = l->argc;
    273 			break;
    274 		case '-':
    275 			vp->flag &= ~INTEGER;
    276 			vp->val.s = getoptions();
    277 			break;
    278 		default:
    279 			vp->flag &= ~(ISSET|INTEGER);
    280 		}
    281 		return (vp);
    282 	}
    283 	l = varsearch(e->loc, &vp, n, h);
    284 	if (vp != NULL)
    285 		return (array ? arraysearch(vp, val) : vp);
    286 	vp = ktenter(&l->vars, n, h);
    287 	if (array)
    288 		vp = arraysearch(vp, val);
    289 	vp->flag |= DEFINED;
    290 	if (special(n))
    291 		vp->flag |= SPECIAL;
    292 	return (vp);
    293 }
    294 
    295 /*
    296  * Search for local variable, if not found create locally.
    297  */
    298 struct tbl *
    299 local(const char *n, bool copy)
    300 {
    301 	struct block *l = e->loc;
    302 	struct tbl *vp;
    303 	bool array;
    304 	uint32_t h, val;
    305 
    306 	/*
    307 	 * check to see if this is an array;
    308 	 * dereference namerefs; must come first
    309 	 */
    310 	n = array_index_calc(n, &array, &val);
    311 	h = hash(n);
    312 	if (!ksh_isalphx(*n)) {
    313 		vp = &vtemp;
    314 		vp->flag = DEFINED|RDONLY;
    315 		vp->type = 0;
    316 		vp->areap = ATEMP;
    317 		return (vp);
    318 	}
    319 	vp = ktenter(&l->vars, n, h);
    320 	if (copy && !(vp->flag & DEFINED)) {
    321 		struct tbl *vq;
    322 
    323 		varsearch(l->next, &vq, n, h);
    324 		if (vq != NULL) {
    325 			vp->flag |= vq->flag &
    326 			    (EXPORT | INTEGER | RDONLY | LJUST | RJUST |
    327 			    ZEROFIL | LCASEV | UCASEV_AL | INT_U | INT_L);
    328 			if (vq->flag & INTEGER)
    329 				vp->type = vq->type;
    330 			vp->u2.field = vq->u2.field;
    331 		}
    332 	}
    333 	if (array)
    334 		vp = arraysearch(vp, val);
    335 	vp->flag |= DEFINED;
    336 	if (special(n))
    337 		vp->flag |= SPECIAL;
    338 	return (vp);
    339 }
    340 
    341 /* get variable string value */
    342 char *
    343 str_val(struct tbl *vp)
    344 {
    345 	char *s;
    346 
    347 	if ((vp->flag&SPECIAL))
    348 		getspec(vp);
    349 	if (!(vp->flag&ISSET))
    350 		/* special to dollar() */
    351 		s = null;
    352 	else if (!(vp->flag&INTEGER))
    353 		/* string source */
    354 		s = vp->val.s + vp->type;
    355 	else {
    356 		/* integer source */
    357 		mksh_uari_t n;
    358 		unsigned int base;
    359 		/**
    360 		 * worst case number length is when base == 2:
    361 		 *	1 (minus) + 2 (base, up to 36) + 1 ('#') +
    362 		 *	number of bits in the mksh_uari_t + 1 (NUL)
    363 		 */
    364 		char strbuf[1 + 2 + 1 + 8 * sizeof(mksh_uari_t) + 1];
    365 		const char *digits = (vp->flag & UCASEV_AL) ?
    366 		    digits_uc : digits_lc;
    367 
    368 		s = strbuf + sizeof(strbuf);
    369 		if (vp->flag & INT_U)
    370 			n = vp->val.u;
    371 		else
    372 			n = (vp->val.i < 0) ? -vp->val.u : vp->val.u;
    373 		base = (vp->type == 0) ? 10U : (unsigned int)vp->type;
    374 
    375 		if (base == 1 && n == 0)
    376 			base = 2;
    377 		if (base == 1) {
    378 			size_t sz = 1;
    379 
    380 			*(s = strbuf) = '1';
    381 			s[1] = '#';
    382 			if (!UTFMODE || ((n & 0xFF80) == 0xEF80))
    383 				/* OPTU-16 -> raw octet */
    384 				s[2] = n & 0xFF;
    385 			else
    386 				sz = utf_wctomb(s + 2, n);
    387 			s[2 + sz] = '\0';
    388 		} else {
    389 			*--s = '\0';
    390 			do {
    391 				*--s = digits[n % base];
    392 				n /= base;
    393 			} while (n != 0);
    394 			if (base != 10) {
    395 				*--s = '#';
    396 				*--s = digits[base % 10];
    397 				if (base >= 10)
    398 					*--s = digits[base / 10];
    399 			}
    400 			if (!(vp->flag & INT_U) && vp->val.i < 0)
    401 				*--s = '-';
    402 		}
    403 		if (vp->flag & (RJUST|LJUST))
    404 			/* case already dealt with */
    405 			s = formatstr(vp, s);
    406 		else
    407 			strdupx(s, s, ATEMP);
    408 	}
    409 	return (s);
    410 }
    411 
    412 /* set variable to string value */
    413 int
    414 setstr(struct tbl *vq, const char *s, int error_ok)
    415 {
    416 	char *salloc = NULL;
    417 	bool no_ro_check = tobool(error_ok & 0x4);
    418 
    419 	error_ok &= ~0x4;
    420 	if ((vq->flag & RDONLY) && !no_ro_check) {
    421 		warningf(true, "read-only: %s", vq->name);
    422 		if (!error_ok)
    423 			errorfxz(2);
    424 		return (0);
    425 	}
    426 	if (!(vq->flag&INTEGER)) {
    427 		/* string dest */
    428 		if ((vq->flag&ALLOC)) {
    429 #ifndef MKSH_SMALL
    430 			/* debugging */
    431 			if (s >= vq->val.s &&
    432 			    s <= vq->val.s + strlen(vq->val.s)) {
    433 				internal_errorf(
    434 				    "setstr: %s=%s: assigning to self",
    435 				    vq->name, s);
    436 			}
    437 #endif
    438 			afree(vq->val.s, vq->areap);
    439 		}
    440 		vq->flag &= ~(ISSET|ALLOC);
    441 		vq->type = 0;
    442 		if (s && (vq->flag & (UCASEV_AL|LCASEV|LJUST|RJUST)))
    443 			s = salloc = formatstr(vq, s);
    444 		if ((vq->flag&EXPORT))
    445 			exportprep(vq, s);
    446 		else {
    447 			strdupx(vq->val.s, s, vq->areap);
    448 			vq->flag |= ALLOC;
    449 		}
    450 	} else {
    451 		/* integer dest */
    452 		if (!v_evaluate(vq, s, error_ok, true))
    453 			return (0);
    454 	}
    455 	vq->flag |= ISSET;
    456 	if ((vq->flag&SPECIAL))
    457 		setspec(vq);
    458 	afree(salloc, ATEMP);
    459 	return (1);
    460 }
    461 
    462 /* set variable to integer */
    463 void
    464 setint(struct tbl *vq, mksh_ari_t n)
    465 {
    466 	if (!(vq->flag&INTEGER)) {
    467 		struct tbl *vp = &vtemp;
    468 		vp->flag = (ISSET|INTEGER);
    469 		vp->type = 0;
    470 		vp->areap = ATEMP;
    471 		vp->val.i = n;
    472 		/* setstr can't fail here */
    473 		setstr(vq, str_val(vp), KSH_RETURN_ERROR);
    474 	} else
    475 		vq->val.i = n;
    476 	vq->flag |= ISSET;
    477 	if ((vq->flag&SPECIAL))
    478 		setspec(vq);
    479 }
    480 
    481 static int
    482 getint(struct tbl *vp, mksh_ari_u *nump, bool arith)
    483 {
    484 	mksh_uari_t c, num = 0, base = 10;
    485 	const char *s;
    486 	bool have_base = false, neg = false;
    487 
    488 	if (vp->flag & SPECIAL)
    489 		getspec(vp);
    490 	/* XXX is it possible for ISSET to be set and val.s to be NULL? */
    491 	if (!(vp->flag & ISSET) || (!(vp->flag & INTEGER) && vp->val.s == NULL))
    492 		return (-1);
    493 	if (vp->flag & INTEGER) {
    494 		nump->i = vp->val.i;
    495 		return (vp->type);
    496 	}
    497 	s = vp->val.s + vp->type;
    498 
    499 	do {
    500 		c = (unsigned char)*s++;
    501 	} while (ksh_isspace(c));
    502 
    503 	switch (c) {
    504 	case '-':
    505 		neg = true;
    506 		/* FALLTHROUGH */
    507 	case '+':
    508 		c = (unsigned char)*s++;
    509 		break;
    510 	}
    511 
    512 	if (c == '0' && arith) {
    513 		if ((s[0] | 0x20) == 'x') {
    514 			/* interpret as hexadecimal */
    515 			base = 16;
    516 			++s;
    517 			goto getint_c_style_base;
    518 		} else if (Flag(FPOSIX) && ksh_isdigit(s[0]) &&
    519 		    !(vp->flag & ZEROFIL)) {
    520 			/* interpret as octal (deprecated) */
    521 			base = 8;
    522  getint_c_style_base:
    523 			have_base = true;
    524 			c = (unsigned char)*s++;
    525 		}
    526 	}
    527 
    528 	do {
    529 		if (c == '#') {
    530 			/* ksh-style base determination */
    531 			if (have_base || num < 1)
    532 				return (-1);
    533 			if ((base = num) == 1) {
    534 				/* mksh-specific extension */
    535 				unsigned int wc;
    536 
    537 				if (!UTFMODE)
    538 					wc = *(const unsigned char *)s;
    539 				else if (utf_mbtowc(&wc, s) == (size_t)-1)
    540 					/* OPTU-8 -> OPTU-16 */
    541 					/*
    542 					 * (with a twist: 1#\uEF80 converts
    543 					 * the same as 1#\x80 does, thus is
    544 					 * not round-tripping correctly XXX)
    545 					 */
    546 					wc = 0xEF00 + *(const unsigned char *)s;
    547 				nump->u = (mksh_uari_t)wc;
    548 				return (1);
    549 			} else if (base > 36)
    550 				return (-1);
    551 			num = 0;
    552 			have_base = true;
    553 			continue;
    554 		}
    555 		if (ksh_isdigit(c))
    556 			c -= '0';
    557 		else {
    558 			c |= 0x20;
    559 			if (!ksh_islower(c))
    560 				return (-1);
    561 			c -= 'a' - 10;
    562 		}
    563 		if (c >= base)
    564 			return (-1);
    565 		/* handle overflow as truncation */
    566 		num = num * base + c;
    567 	} while ((c = (unsigned char)*s++));
    568 
    569 	if (neg)
    570 		num = -num;
    571 	nump->u = num;
    572 	return (base);
    573 }
    574 
    575 /*
    576  * convert variable vq to integer variable, setting its value from vp
    577  * (vq and vp may be the same)
    578  */
    579 struct tbl *
    580 setint_v(struct tbl *vq, struct tbl *vp, bool arith)
    581 {
    582 	int base;
    583 	mksh_ari_u num;
    584 
    585 	if ((base = getint(vp, &num, arith)) == -1)
    586 		return (NULL);
    587 	setint_n(vq, num.i, 0);
    588 	if (vq->type == 0)
    589 		/* default base */
    590 		vq->type = base;
    591 	return (vq);
    592 }
    593 
    594 /* convert variable vq to integer variable, setting its value to num */
    595 void
    596 setint_n(struct tbl *vq, mksh_ari_t num, int newbase)
    597 {
    598 	if (!(vq->flag & INTEGER) && (vq->flag & ALLOC)) {
    599 		vq->flag &= ~ALLOC;
    600 		vq->type = 0;
    601 		afree(vq->val.s, vq->areap);
    602 	}
    603 	vq->val.i = num;
    604 	if (newbase != 0)
    605 		vq->type = newbase;
    606 	vq->flag |= ISSET|INTEGER;
    607 	if (vq->flag&SPECIAL)
    608 		setspec(vq);
    609 }
    610 
    611 static char *
    612 formatstr(struct tbl *vp, const char *s)
    613 {
    614 	int olen, nlen;
    615 	char *p, *q;
    616 	size_t psiz;
    617 
    618 	olen = (int)utf_mbswidth(s);
    619 
    620 	if (vp->flag & (RJUST|LJUST)) {
    621 		if (!vp->u2.field)
    622 			/* default field width */
    623 			vp->u2.field = olen;
    624 		nlen = vp->u2.field;
    625 	} else
    626 		nlen = olen;
    627 
    628 	p = alloc((psiz = nlen * /* MB_LEN_MAX */ 3 + 1), ATEMP);
    629 	if (vp->flag & (RJUST|LJUST)) {
    630 		int slen = olen, i = 0;
    631 
    632 		if (vp->flag & RJUST) {
    633 			const char *qq = s;
    634 			int n = 0;
    635 
    636 			while (i < slen)
    637 				i += utf_widthadj(qq, &qq);
    638 			/* strip trailing spaces (AT&T uses qq[-1] == ' ') */
    639 			while (qq > s && ksh_isspace(qq[-1])) {
    640 				--qq;
    641 				--slen;
    642 			}
    643 			if (vp->flag & ZEROFIL && vp->flag & INTEGER) {
    644 				if (!s[0] || !s[1])
    645 					goto uhm_no;
    646 				if (s[1] == '#')
    647 					n = 2;
    648 				else if (s[2] == '#')
    649 					n = 3;
    650  uhm_no:
    651 				if (vp->u2.field <= n)
    652 					n = 0;
    653 			}
    654 			if (n) {
    655 				memcpy(p, s, n);
    656 				s += n;
    657 			}
    658 			while (slen > vp->u2.field)
    659 				slen -= utf_widthadj(s, &s);
    660 			if (vp->u2.field - slen)
    661 				memset(p + n, (vp->flag & ZEROFIL) ? '0' : ' ',
    662 				    vp->u2.field - slen);
    663 			slen -= n;
    664 			shf_snprintf(p + vp->u2.field - slen,
    665 			    psiz - (vp->u2.field - slen),
    666 			    "%.*s", slen, s);
    667 		} else {
    668 			/* strip leading spaces/zeros */
    669 			while (ksh_isspace(*s))
    670 				s++;
    671 			if (vp->flag & ZEROFIL)
    672 				while (*s == '0')
    673 					s++;
    674 			shf_snprintf(p, nlen + 1, "%-*.*s",
    675 				vp->u2.field, vp->u2.field, s);
    676 		}
    677 	} else
    678 		memcpy(p, s, strlen(s) + 1);
    679 
    680 	if (vp->flag & UCASEV_AL) {
    681 		for (q = p; *q; q++)
    682 			*q = ksh_toupper(*q);
    683 	} else if (vp->flag & LCASEV) {
    684 		for (q = p; *q; q++)
    685 			*q = ksh_tolower(*q);
    686 	}
    687 
    688 	return (p);
    689 }
    690 
    691 /*
    692  * make vp->val.s be "name=value" for quick exporting.
    693  */
    694 static void
    695 exportprep(struct tbl *vp, const char *val)
    696 {
    697 	char *xp;
    698 	char *op = (vp->flag&ALLOC) ? vp->val.s : NULL;
    699 	size_t namelen, vallen;
    700 
    701 	namelen = strlen(vp->name);
    702 	vallen = strlen(val) + 1;
    703 
    704 	vp->flag |= ALLOC;
    705 	/* since name+val are both in memory this can go unchecked */
    706 	xp = alloc(namelen + 1 + vallen, vp->areap);
    707 	memcpy(vp->val.s = xp, vp->name, namelen);
    708 	xp += namelen;
    709 	*xp++ = '=';
    710 	/* offset to value */
    711 	vp->type = xp - vp->val.s;
    712 	memcpy(xp, val, vallen);
    713 	if (op != NULL)
    714 		afree(op, vp->areap);
    715 }
    716 
    717 /*
    718  * lookup variable (according to (set&LOCAL)), set its attributes
    719  * (INTEGER, RDONLY, EXPORT, TRACE, LJUST, RJUST, ZEROFIL, LCASEV,
    720  * UCASEV_AL), and optionally set its value if an assignment.
    721  */
    722 struct tbl *
    723 typeset(const char *var, uint32_t set, uint32_t clr, int field, int base)
    724 {
    725 	struct tbl *vp;
    726 	struct tbl *vpbase, *t;
    727 	char *tvar;
    728 	const char *val;
    729 	size_t len;
    730 	bool vappend = false;
    731 	enum namerefflag new_refflag = SRF_NOP;
    732 
    733 	if ((set & (ARRAY | ASSOC)) == ASSOC) {
    734 		new_refflag = SRF_ENABLE;
    735 		set &= ~(ARRAY | ASSOC);
    736 	}
    737 	if ((clr & (ARRAY | ASSOC)) == ASSOC) {
    738 		new_refflag = SRF_DISABLE;
    739 		clr &= ~(ARRAY | ASSOC);
    740 	}
    741 
    742 	/* check for valid variable name, search for value */
    743 	val = skip_varname(var, false);
    744 	if (val == var) {
    745 		/* no variable name given */
    746 		return (NULL);
    747 	}
    748 	if (*val == '[') {
    749 		if (new_refflag != SRF_NOP)
    750 			errorf("%s: %s", var,
    751 			    "reference variable can't be an array");
    752 		len = array_ref_len(val);
    753 		if (len == 0)
    754 			return (NULL);
    755 		/*
    756 		 * IMPORT is only used when the shell starts up and is
    757 		 * setting up its environment. Allow only simple array
    758 		 * references at this time since parameter/command
    759 		 * substitution is performed on the [expression] which
    760 		 * would be a major security hole.
    761 		 */
    762 		if (set & IMPORT) {
    763 			size_t i;
    764 
    765 			for (i = 1; i < len - 1; i++)
    766 				if (!ksh_isdigit(val[i]))
    767 					return (NULL);
    768 		}
    769 		val += len;
    770 	}
    771 	if (val[0] == '=') {
    772 		strndupx(tvar, var, val - var, ATEMP);
    773 		++val;
    774 	} else if (set & IMPORT) {
    775 		/* environment invalid variable name or no assignment */
    776 		return (NULL);
    777 	} else if (val[0] == '+' && val[1] == '=') {
    778 		strndupx(tvar, var, val - var, ATEMP);
    779 		val += 2;
    780 		vappend = true;
    781 	} else if (val[0] != '\0') {
    782 		/* other invalid variable names (not from environment) */
    783 		return (NULL);
    784 	} else {
    785 		/* just varname with no value part nor equals sign */
    786 		strdupx(tvar, var, ATEMP);
    787 		val = NULL;
    788 		/* handle foo[*] => foo (whole array) mapping for R39b */
    789 		len = strlen(tvar);
    790 		if (len > 3 && tvar[len - 3] == '[' && tvar[len - 2] == '*' &&
    791 		    tvar[len - 1] == ']')
    792 			tvar[len - 3] = '\0';
    793 	}
    794 
    795 	if (new_refflag == SRF_ENABLE) {
    796 		const char *qval, *ccp;
    797 
    798 		/* bail out on 'nameref foo+=bar' */
    799 		if (vappend)
    800 			errorf("appending not allowed for nameref");
    801 		/* find value if variable already exists */
    802 		if ((qval = val) == NULL) {
    803 			varsearch(e->loc, &vp, tvar, hash(tvar));
    804 			if (vp == NULL)
    805 				goto nameref_empty;
    806 			qval = str_val(vp);
    807 		}
    808 		/* check target value for being a valid variable name */
    809 		ccp = skip_varname(qval, false);
    810 		if (ccp == qval) {
    811 			if (ksh_isdigit(qval[0])) {
    812 				int c;
    813 
    814 				if (getn(qval, &c))
    815 					goto nameref_rhs_checked;
    816 			} else if (qval[1] == '\0') switch (qval[0]) {
    817 			case '$':
    818 			case '!':
    819 			case '?':
    820 			case '#':
    821 			case '-':
    822 				goto nameref_rhs_checked;
    823 			}
    824  nameref_empty:
    825 			errorf("%s: %s", var, "empty nameref target");
    826 		}
    827 		len = (*ccp == '[') ? array_ref_len(ccp) : 0;
    828 		if (ccp[len]) {
    829 			/*
    830 			 * works for cases "no array", "valid array with
    831 			 * junk after it" and "invalid array"; in the
    832 			 * latter case, len is also 0 and points to '['
    833 			 */
    834 			errorf("%s: %s", qval,
    835 			    "nameref target not a valid parameter name");
    836 		}
    837  nameref_rhs_checked:
    838 		/* prevent nameref loops */
    839 		while (qval) {
    840 			if (!strcmp(qval, tvar))
    841 				errorf("%s: %s", qval,
    842 				    "expression recurses on parameter");
    843 			varsearch(e->loc, &vp, qval, hash(qval));
    844 			qval = NULL;
    845 			if (vp && ((vp->flag & (ARRAY | ASSOC)) == ASSOC))
    846 				qval = str_val(vp);
    847 		}
    848 	}
    849 
    850 	/* prevent typeset from creating a local PATH/ENV/SHELL */
    851 	if (Flag(FRESTRICTED) && (strcmp(tvar, "PATH") == 0 ||
    852 	    strcmp(tvar, "ENV") == 0 || strcmp(tvar, "SHELL") == 0))
    853 		errorf("%s: %s", tvar, "restricted");
    854 
    855 	innermost_refflag = new_refflag;
    856 	vp = (set & LOCAL) ? local(tvar, tobool(set & LOCAL_COPY)) :
    857 	    global(tvar);
    858 	if (new_refflag == SRF_DISABLE && (vp->flag & (ARRAY|ASSOC)) == ASSOC)
    859 		vp->flag &= ~ASSOC;
    860 	else if (new_refflag == SRF_ENABLE) {
    861 		if (vp->flag & ARRAY) {
    862 			struct tbl *a, *tmp;
    863 
    864 			/* free up entire array */
    865 			for (a = vp->u.array; a; ) {
    866 				tmp = a;
    867 				a = a->u.array;
    868 				if (tmp->flag & ALLOC)
    869 					afree(tmp->val.s, tmp->areap);
    870 				afree(tmp, tmp->areap);
    871 			}
    872 			vp->u.array = NULL;
    873 			vp->flag &= ~ARRAY;
    874 		}
    875 		vp->flag |= ASSOC;
    876 	}
    877 
    878 	set &= ~(LOCAL|LOCAL_COPY);
    879 
    880 	vpbase = (vp->flag & ARRAY) ? global(arrayname(tvar)) : vp;
    881 
    882 	/*
    883 	 * only allow export flag to be set; AT&T ksh allows any
    884 	 * attribute to be changed which means it can be truncated or
    885 	 * modified (-L/-R/-Z/-i)
    886 	 */
    887 	if ((vpbase->flag & RDONLY) &&
    888 	    (val || clr || (set & ~EXPORT)))
    889 		/* XXX check calls - is error here ok by POSIX? */
    890 		errorfx(2, "read-only: %s", tvar);
    891 	afree(tvar, ATEMP);
    892 
    893 	/* most calls are with set/clr == 0 */
    894 	if (set | clr) {
    895 		bool ok = true;
    896 
    897 		/*
    898 		 * XXX if x[0] isn't set, there will be problems: need
    899 		 * to have one copy of attributes for arrays...
    900 		 */
    901 		for (t = vpbase; t; t = t->u.array) {
    902 			bool fake_assign;
    903 			char *s = NULL;
    904 			char *free_me = NULL;
    905 
    906 			fake_assign = (t->flag & ISSET) && (!val || t != vp) &&
    907 			    ((set & (UCASEV_AL|LCASEV|LJUST|RJUST|ZEROFIL)) ||
    908 			    ((t->flag & INTEGER) && (clr & INTEGER)) ||
    909 			    (!(t->flag & INTEGER) && (set & INTEGER)));
    910 			if (fake_assign) {
    911 				if (t->flag & INTEGER) {
    912 					s = str_val(t);
    913 					free_me = NULL;
    914 				} else {
    915 					s = t->val.s + t->type;
    916 					free_me = (t->flag & ALLOC) ? t->val.s :
    917 					    NULL;
    918 				}
    919 				t->flag &= ~ALLOC;
    920 			}
    921 			if (!(t->flag & INTEGER) && (set & INTEGER)) {
    922 				t->type = 0;
    923 				t->flag &= ~ALLOC;
    924 			}
    925 			t->flag = (t->flag | set) & ~clr;
    926 			/*
    927 			 * Don't change base if assignment is to be
    928 			 * done, in case assignment fails.
    929 			 */
    930 			if ((set & INTEGER) && base > 0 && (!val || t != vp))
    931 				t->type = base;
    932 			if (set & (LJUST|RJUST|ZEROFIL))
    933 				t->u2.field = field;
    934 			if (fake_assign) {
    935 				if (!setstr(t, s, KSH_RETURN_ERROR)) {
    936 					/*
    937 					 * Somewhat arbitrary action
    938 					 * here: zap contents of
    939 					 * variable, but keep the flag
    940 					 * settings.
    941 					 */
    942 					ok = false;
    943 					if (t->flag & INTEGER)
    944 						t->flag &= ~ISSET;
    945 					else {
    946 						if (t->flag & ALLOC)
    947 							afree(t->val.s, t->areap);
    948 						t->flag &= ~(ISSET|ALLOC);
    949 						t->type = 0;
    950 					}
    951 				}
    952 				if (free_me)
    953 					afree(free_me, t->areap);
    954 			}
    955 		}
    956 		if (!ok)
    957 			errorfz();
    958 	}
    959 
    960 	if (val != NULL) {
    961 		char *tval;
    962 
    963 		if (vappend) {
    964 			tval = shf_smprintf("%s%s", str_val(vp), val);
    965 			val = tval;
    966 		} else
    967 			tval = NULL;
    968 
    969 		if (vp->flag&INTEGER) {
    970 			/* do not zero base before assignment */
    971 			setstr(vp, val, KSH_UNWIND_ERROR | 0x4);
    972 			/* done after assignment to override default */
    973 			if (base > 0)
    974 				vp->type = base;
    975 		} else
    976 			/* setstr can't fail (readonly check already done) */
    977 			setstr(vp, val, KSH_RETURN_ERROR | 0x4);
    978 
    979 		if (tval != NULL)
    980 			afree(tval, ATEMP);
    981 	}
    982 
    983 	/* only x[0] is ever exported, so use vpbase */
    984 	if ((vpbase->flag&EXPORT) && !(vpbase->flag&INTEGER) &&
    985 	    vpbase->type == 0)
    986 		exportprep(vpbase, (vpbase->flag&ISSET) ? vpbase->val.s : null);
    987 
    988 	return (vp);
    989 }
    990 
    991 /**
    992  * Unset a variable. The flags can be:
    993  * |1	= tear down entire array
    994  * |2	= keep attributes, only unset content
    995  */
    996 void
    997 unset(struct tbl *vp, int flags)
    998 {
    999 	if (vp->flag & ALLOC)
   1000 		afree(vp->val.s, vp->areap);
   1001 	if ((vp->flag & ARRAY) && (flags & 1)) {
   1002 		struct tbl *a, *tmp;
   1003 
   1004 		/* free up entire array */
   1005 		for (a = vp->u.array; a; ) {
   1006 			tmp = a;
   1007 			a = a->u.array;
   1008 			if (tmp->flag & ALLOC)
   1009 				afree(tmp->val.s, tmp->areap);
   1010 			afree(tmp, tmp->areap);
   1011 		}
   1012 		vp->u.array = NULL;
   1013 	}
   1014 	if (flags & 2) {
   1015 		vp->flag &= ~(ALLOC|ISSET);
   1016 		return;
   1017 	}
   1018 	/* if foo[0] is being unset, the remainder of the array is kept... */
   1019 	vp->flag &= SPECIAL | ((flags & 1) ? 0 : ARRAY|DEFINED);
   1020 	if (vp->flag & SPECIAL)
   1021 		/* responsible for 'unspecial'ing var */
   1022 		unsetspec(vp);
   1023 }
   1024 
   1025 /*
   1026  * Return a pointer to the first char past a legal variable name
   1027  * (returns the argument if there is no legal name, returns a pointer to
   1028  * the terminating NUL if whole string is legal).
   1029  */
   1030 const char *
   1031 skip_varname(const char *s, bool aok)
   1032 {
   1033 	size_t alen;
   1034 
   1035 	if (s && ksh_isalphx(*s)) {
   1036 		while (*++s && ksh_isalnux(*s))
   1037 			;
   1038 		if (aok && *s == '[' && (alen = array_ref_len(s)))
   1039 			s += alen;
   1040 	}
   1041 	return (s);
   1042 }
   1043 
   1044 /* Return a pointer to the first character past any legal variable name */
   1045 const char *
   1046 skip_wdvarname(const char *s,
   1047     /* skip array de-reference? */
   1048     bool aok)
   1049 {
   1050 	if (s[0] == CHAR && ksh_isalphx(s[1])) {
   1051 		do {
   1052 			s += 2;
   1053 		} while (s[0] == CHAR && ksh_isalnux(s[1]));
   1054 		if (aok && s[0] == CHAR && s[1] == '[') {
   1055 			/* skip possible array de-reference */
   1056 			const char *p = s;
   1057 			char c;
   1058 			int depth = 0;
   1059 
   1060 			while (/* CONSTCOND */ 1) {
   1061 				if (p[0] != CHAR)
   1062 					break;
   1063 				c = p[1];
   1064 				p += 2;
   1065 				if (c == '[')
   1066 					depth++;
   1067 				else if (c == ']' && --depth == 0) {
   1068 					s = p;
   1069 					break;
   1070 				}
   1071 			}
   1072 		}
   1073 	}
   1074 	return (s);
   1075 }
   1076 
   1077 /* Check if coded string s is a variable name */
   1078 int
   1079 is_wdvarname(const char *s, bool aok)
   1080 {
   1081 	const char *p = skip_wdvarname(s, aok);
   1082 
   1083 	return (p != s && p[0] == EOS);
   1084 }
   1085 
   1086 /* Check if coded string s is a variable assignment */
   1087 int
   1088 is_wdvarassign(const char *s)
   1089 {
   1090 	const char *p = skip_wdvarname(s, true);
   1091 
   1092 	return (p != s && p[0] == CHAR &&
   1093 	    (p[1] == '=' || (p[1] == '+' && p[2] == CHAR && p[3] == '=')));
   1094 }
   1095 
   1096 /*
   1097  * Make the exported environment from the exported names in the dictionary.
   1098  */
   1099 char **
   1100 makenv(void)
   1101 {
   1102 	ssize_t i;
   1103 	struct block *l;
   1104 	XPtrV denv;
   1105 	struct tbl *vp, **vpp;
   1106 
   1107 	XPinit(denv, 64);
   1108 	for (l = e->loc; l != NULL; l = l->next) {
   1109 		vpp = l->vars.tbls;
   1110 		i = 1 << (l->vars.tshift);
   1111 		while (--i >= 0)
   1112 			if ((vp = *vpp++) != NULL &&
   1113 			    (vp->flag&(ISSET|EXPORT)) == (ISSET|EXPORT)) {
   1114 				struct block *l2;
   1115 				struct tbl *vp2;
   1116 				uint32_t h = hash(vp->name);
   1117 
   1118 				/* unexport any redefined instances */
   1119 				for (l2 = l->next; l2 != NULL; l2 = l2->next) {
   1120 					vp2 = ktsearch(&l2->vars, vp->name, h);
   1121 					if (vp2 != NULL)
   1122 						vp2->flag &= ~EXPORT;
   1123 				}
   1124 				if ((vp->flag&INTEGER)) {
   1125 					/* integer to string */
   1126 					char *val;
   1127 					val = str_val(vp);
   1128 					vp->flag &= ~(INTEGER|RDONLY|SPECIAL);
   1129 					/* setstr can't fail here */
   1130 					setstr(vp, val, KSH_RETURN_ERROR);
   1131 				}
   1132 				XPput(denv, vp->val.s);
   1133 			}
   1134 		if (l->flags & BF_STOPENV)
   1135 			break;
   1136 	}
   1137 	XPput(denv, NULL);
   1138 	return ((char **)XPclose(denv));
   1139 }
   1140 
   1141 /*
   1142  * handle special variables with side effects - PATH, SECONDS.
   1143  */
   1144 
   1145 /* Test if name is a special parameter */
   1146 static int
   1147 special(const char *name)
   1148 {
   1149 	struct tbl *tp;
   1150 
   1151 	tp = ktsearch(&specials, name, hash(name));
   1152 	return (tp && (tp->flag & ISSET) ? tp->type : V_NONE);
   1153 }
   1154 
   1155 /* Make a variable non-special */
   1156 static void
   1157 unspecial(const char *name)
   1158 {
   1159 	struct tbl *tp;
   1160 
   1161 	tp = ktsearch(&specials, name, hash(name));
   1162 	if (tp)
   1163 		ktdelete(tp);
   1164 }
   1165 
   1166 static time_t seconds;		/* time SECONDS last set */
   1167 static mksh_uari_t user_lineno;	/* what user set $LINENO to */
   1168 
   1169 static void
   1170 getspec(struct tbl *vp)
   1171 {
   1172 	mksh_ari_u num;
   1173 	int st;
   1174 	struct timeval tv;
   1175 
   1176 	switch ((st = special(vp->name))) {
   1177 	case V_COLUMNS:
   1178 	case V_LINES:
   1179 		/*
   1180 		 * Do NOT export COLUMNS/LINES. Many applications
   1181 		 * check COLUMNS/LINES before checking ws.ws_col/row,
   1182 		 * so if the app is started with C/L in the environ
   1183 		 * and the window is then resized, the app won't
   1184 		 * see the change cause the environ doesn't change.
   1185 		 */
   1186 		if (got_winch)
   1187 			change_winsz();
   1188 		break;
   1189 	}
   1190 	switch (st) {
   1191 	case V_BASHPID:
   1192 		num.u = (mksh_uari_t)procpid;
   1193 		break;
   1194 	case V_COLUMNS:
   1195 		num.i = x_cols;
   1196 		break;
   1197 	case V_HISTSIZE:
   1198 		num.i = histsize;
   1199 		break;
   1200 	case V_LINENO:
   1201 		num.u = (mksh_uari_t)current_lineno + user_lineno;
   1202 		break;
   1203 	case V_LINES:
   1204 		num.i = x_lins;
   1205 		break;
   1206 	case V_EPOCHREALTIME: {
   1207 		/* 10(%u) + 1(.) + 6 + NUL */
   1208 		char buf[18];
   1209 
   1210 		vp->flag &= ~SPECIAL;
   1211 		mksh_TIME(tv);
   1212 		shf_snprintf(buf, sizeof(buf), "%u.%06u",
   1213 		    (unsigned)tv.tv_sec, (unsigned)tv.tv_usec);
   1214 		setstr(vp, buf, KSH_RETURN_ERROR | 0x4);
   1215 		vp->flag |= SPECIAL;
   1216 		return;
   1217 	}
   1218 	case V_OPTIND:
   1219 		num.i = user_opt.uoptind;
   1220 		break;
   1221 	case V_RANDOM:
   1222 		num.i = rndget();
   1223 		break;
   1224 	case V_SECONDS:
   1225 		/*
   1226 		 * On start up the value of SECONDS is used before
   1227 		 * it has been set - don't do anything in this case
   1228 		 * (see initcoms[] in main.c).
   1229 		 */
   1230 		if (vp->flag & ISSET) {
   1231 			mksh_TIME(tv);
   1232 			num.i = tv.tv_sec - seconds;
   1233 		} else
   1234 			return;
   1235 		break;
   1236 	default:
   1237 		/* do nothing, do not touch vp at all */
   1238 		return;
   1239 	}
   1240 	vp->flag &= ~SPECIAL;
   1241 	setint_n(vp, num.i, 0);
   1242 	vp->flag |= SPECIAL;
   1243 }
   1244 
   1245 static void
   1246 setspec(struct tbl *vp)
   1247 {
   1248 	mksh_ari_u num;
   1249 	char *s;
   1250 	int st;
   1251 
   1252 	switch ((st = special(vp->name))) {
   1253 #if HAVE_PERSISTENT_HISTORY
   1254 	case V_HISTFILE:
   1255 		sethistfile(str_val(vp));
   1256 		return;
   1257 #endif
   1258 	case V_IFS:
   1259 		setctypes(s = str_val(vp), C_IFS);
   1260 		ifs0 = *s;
   1261 		return;
   1262 	case V_PATH:
   1263 		if (path)
   1264 			afree(path, APERM);
   1265 		s = str_val(vp);
   1266 		strdupx(path, s, APERM);
   1267 		/* clear tracked aliases */
   1268 		flushcom(true);
   1269 		return;
   1270 	case V_TMPDIR:
   1271 		if (tmpdir) {
   1272 			afree(tmpdir, APERM);
   1273 			tmpdir = NULL;
   1274 		}
   1275 		/*
   1276 		 * Use tmpdir iff it is an absolute path, is writable
   1277 		 * and searchable and is a directory...
   1278 		 */
   1279 		{
   1280 			struct stat statb;
   1281 
   1282 			s = str_val(vp);
   1283 			/* LINTED use of access */
   1284 			if (s[0] == '/' && access(s, W_OK|X_OK) == 0 &&
   1285 			    stat(s, &statb) == 0 && S_ISDIR(statb.st_mode))
   1286 				strdupx(tmpdir, s, APERM);
   1287 		}
   1288 		return;
   1289 	/* common sub-cases */
   1290 	case V_COLUMNS:
   1291 	case V_LINES:
   1292 		if (vp->flag & IMPORT) {
   1293 			/* do not touch */
   1294 			unspecial(vp->name);
   1295 			vp->flag &= ~SPECIAL;
   1296 			return;
   1297 		}
   1298 		/* FALLTHROUGH */
   1299 	case V_HISTSIZE:
   1300 	case V_LINENO:
   1301 	case V_OPTIND:
   1302 	case V_RANDOM:
   1303 	case V_SECONDS:
   1304 	case V_TMOUT:
   1305 		vp->flag &= ~SPECIAL;
   1306 		if (getint(vp, &num, false) == -1) {
   1307 			s = str_val(vp);
   1308 			if (st != V_RANDOM)
   1309 				errorf("%s: %s: %s", vp->name, "bad number", s);
   1310 			num.u = hash(s);
   1311 		}
   1312 		vp->flag |= SPECIAL;
   1313 		break;
   1314 	default:
   1315 		/* do nothing, do not touch vp at all */
   1316 		return;
   1317 	}
   1318 
   1319 	/* process the singular parts of the common cases */
   1320 
   1321 	switch (st) {
   1322 	case V_COLUMNS:
   1323 		if (num.i >= MIN_COLS)
   1324 			x_cols = num.i;
   1325 		break;
   1326 	case V_HISTSIZE:
   1327 		sethistsize(num.i);
   1328 		break;
   1329 	case V_LINENO:
   1330 		/* The -1 is because line numbering starts at 1. */
   1331 		user_lineno = num.u - (mksh_uari_t)current_lineno - 1;
   1332 		break;
   1333 	case V_LINES:
   1334 		if (num.i >= MIN_LINS)
   1335 			x_lins = num.i;
   1336 		break;
   1337 	case V_OPTIND:
   1338 		getopts_reset((int)num.i);
   1339 		break;
   1340 	case V_RANDOM:
   1341 		/*
   1342 		 * mksh R39d+ no longer has the traditional repeatability
   1343 		 * of $RANDOM sequences, but always retains state
   1344 		 */
   1345 		rndset((unsigned long)num.u);
   1346 		break;
   1347 	case V_SECONDS:
   1348 		{
   1349 			struct timeval tv;
   1350 
   1351 			mksh_TIME(tv);
   1352 			seconds = tv.tv_sec - num.i;
   1353 		}
   1354 		break;
   1355 	case V_TMOUT:
   1356 		ksh_tmout = num.i >= 0 ? num.i : 0;
   1357 		break;
   1358 	}
   1359 }
   1360 
   1361 static void
   1362 unsetspec(struct tbl *vp)
   1363 {
   1364 	/*
   1365 	 * AT&T ksh man page says OPTIND, OPTARG and _ lose special
   1366 	 * meaning, but OPTARG does not (still set by getopts) and _ is
   1367 	 * also still set in various places. Don't know what AT&T does
   1368 	 * for HISTSIZE, HISTFILE. Unsetting these in AT&T ksh does not
   1369 	 * loose the 'specialness': IFS, COLUMNS, PATH, TMPDIR
   1370 	 */
   1371 
   1372 	switch (special(vp->name)) {
   1373 #if HAVE_PERSISTENT_HISTORY
   1374 	case V_HISTFILE:
   1375 		sethistfile(NULL);
   1376 		return;
   1377 #endif
   1378 	case V_IFS:
   1379 		setctypes(TC_IFSWS, C_IFS);
   1380 		ifs0 = ' ';
   1381 		break;
   1382 	case V_PATH:
   1383 		if (path)
   1384 			afree(path, APERM);
   1385 		strdupx(path, def_path, APERM);
   1386 		/* clear tracked aliases */
   1387 		flushcom(true);
   1388 		break;
   1389 	case V_TMPDIR:
   1390 		/* should not become unspecial */
   1391 		if (tmpdir) {
   1392 			afree(tmpdir, APERM);
   1393 			tmpdir = NULL;
   1394 		}
   1395 		break;
   1396 	case V_LINENO:
   1397 	case V_RANDOM:
   1398 	case V_SECONDS:
   1399 	case V_TMOUT:
   1400 		/* AT&T ksh leaves previous value in place */
   1401 		unspecial(vp->name);
   1402 		break;
   1403 	}
   1404 }
   1405 
   1406 /*
   1407  * Search for (and possibly create) a table entry starting with
   1408  * vp, indexed by val.
   1409  */
   1410 struct tbl *
   1411 arraysearch(struct tbl *vp, uint32_t val)
   1412 {
   1413 	struct tbl *prev, *curr, *news;
   1414 	size_t len;
   1415 
   1416 	vp->flag = (vp->flag | (ARRAY | DEFINED)) & ~ASSOC;
   1417 	/* the table entry is always [0] */
   1418 	if (val == 0)
   1419 		return (vp);
   1420 	prev = vp;
   1421 	curr = vp->u.array;
   1422 	while (curr && curr->ua.index < val) {
   1423 		prev = curr;
   1424 		curr = curr->u.array;
   1425 	}
   1426 	if (curr && curr->ua.index == val) {
   1427 		if (curr->flag&ISSET)
   1428 			return (curr);
   1429 		news = curr;
   1430 	} else
   1431 		news = NULL;
   1432 	if (!news) {
   1433 		len = strlen(vp->name);
   1434 		checkoktoadd(len, 1 + offsetof(struct tbl, name[0]));
   1435 		news = alloc(offsetof(struct tbl, name[0]) + ++len, vp->areap);
   1436 		memcpy(news->name, vp->name, len);
   1437 	}
   1438 	news->flag = (vp->flag & ~(ALLOC|DEFINED|ISSET|SPECIAL)) | AINDEX;
   1439 	news->type = vp->type;
   1440 	news->areap = vp->areap;
   1441 	news->u2.field = vp->u2.field;
   1442 	news->ua.index = val;
   1443 
   1444 	if (curr != news) {
   1445 		/* not reusing old array entry */
   1446 		prev->u.array = news;
   1447 		news->u.array = curr;
   1448 	}
   1449 	return (news);
   1450 }
   1451 
   1452 /*
   1453  * Return the length of an array reference (eg, [1+2]) - cp is assumed
   1454  * to point to the open bracket. Returns 0 if there is no matching
   1455  * closing bracket.
   1456  *
   1457  * XXX this should parse the actual arithmetic syntax
   1458  */
   1459 size_t
   1460 array_ref_len(const char *cp)
   1461 {
   1462 	const char *s = cp;
   1463 	char c;
   1464 	int depth = 0;
   1465 
   1466 	while ((c = *s++) && (c != ']' || --depth))
   1467 		if (c == '[')
   1468 			depth++;
   1469 	if (!c)
   1470 		return (0);
   1471 	return (s - cp);
   1472 }
   1473 
   1474 /*
   1475  * Make a copy of the base of an array name
   1476  */
   1477 char *
   1478 arrayname(const char *str)
   1479 {
   1480 	const char *p;
   1481 	char *rv;
   1482 
   1483 	if ((p = cstrchr(str, '[')) == 0)
   1484 		/* Shouldn't happen, but why worry? */
   1485 		strdupx(rv, str, ATEMP);
   1486 	else
   1487 		strndupx(rv, str, p - str, ATEMP);
   1488 
   1489 	return (rv);
   1490 }
   1491 
   1492 /* set (or overwrite, if reset) the array variable var to the values in vals */
   1493 mksh_uari_t
   1494 set_array(const char *var, bool reset, const char **vals)
   1495 {
   1496 	struct tbl *vp, *vq;
   1497 	mksh_uari_t i = 0, j = 0;
   1498 	const char *ccp = var;
   1499 	char *cp = NULL;
   1500 	size_t n;
   1501 
   1502 	/* to get local array, use "local foo; set -A foo" */
   1503 	n = strlen(var);
   1504 	if (n > 0 && var[n - 1] == '+') {
   1505 		/* append mode */
   1506 		reset = false;
   1507 		strndupx(cp, var, n - 1, ATEMP);
   1508 		ccp = cp;
   1509 	}
   1510 	vp = global(ccp);
   1511 
   1512 	/* Note: AT&T ksh allows set -A but not set +A of a read-only var */
   1513 	if ((vp->flag&RDONLY))
   1514 		errorfx(2, "read-only: %s", ccp);
   1515 	/* This code is quite non-optimal */
   1516 	if (reset) {
   1517 		/* trash existing values and attributes */
   1518 		unset(vp, 1);
   1519 		/* allocate-by-access the [0] element to keep in scope */
   1520 		arraysearch(vp, 0);
   1521 	}
   1522 	/*
   1523 	 * TODO: would be nice for assignment to completely succeed or
   1524 	 * completely fail. Only really effects integer arrays:
   1525 	 * evaluation of some of vals[] may fail...
   1526 	 */
   1527 	if (cp != NULL) {
   1528 		/* find out where to set when appending */
   1529 		for (vq = vp; vq; vq = vq->u.array) {
   1530 			if (!(vq->flag & ISSET))
   1531 				continue;
   1532 			if (arrayindex(vq) >= j)
   1533 				j = arrayindex(vq) + 1;
   1534 		}
   1535 		afree(cp, ATEMP);
   1536 	}
   1537 	while ((ccp = vals[i])) {
   1538 #if 0 /* temporarily taken out due to regression */
   1539 		if (*ccp == '[') {
   1540 			int level = 0;
   1541 
   1542 			while (*ccp) {
   1543 				if (*ccp == ']' && --level == 0)
   1544 					break;
   1545 				if (*ccp == '[')
   1546 					++level;
   1547 				++ccp;
   1548 			}
   1549 			if (*ccp == ']' && level == 0 && ccp[1] == '=') {
   1550 				strndupx(cp, vals[i] + 1, ccp - (vals[i] + 1),
   1551 				    ATEMP);
   1552 				evaluate(substitute(cp, 0), (mksh_ari_t *)&j,
   1553 				    KSH_UNWIND_ERROR, true);
   1554 				afree(cp, ATEMP);
   1555 				ccp += 2;
   1556 			} else
   1557 				ccp = vals[i];
   1558 		}
   1559 #endif
   1560 
   1561 		vq = arraysearch(vp, j);
   1562 		/* would be nice to deal with errors here... (see above) */
   1563 		setstr(vq, ccp, KSH_RETURN_ERROR);
   1564 		i++;
   1565 		j++;
   1566 	}
   1567 
   1568 	return (i);
   1569 }
   1570 
   1571 void
   1572 change_winsz(void)
   1573 {
   1574 	struct timeval tv;
   1575 
   1576 	mksh_TIME(tv);
   1577 	BAFHUpdateMem_mem(qh_state, &tv, sizeof(tv));
   1578 
   1579 #ifdef TIOCGWINSZ
   1580 	/* check if window size has changed */
   1581 	if (tty_init_fd() < 2) {
   1582 		struct winsize ws;
   1583 
   1584 		if (ioctl(tty_fd, TIOCGWINSZ, &ws) >= 0) {
   1585 			if (ws.ws_col)
   1586 				x_cols = ws.ws_col;
   1587 			if (ws.ws_row)
   1588 				x_lins = ws.ws_row;
   1589 		}
   1590 	}
   1591 #endif
   1592 
   1593 	/* bounds check for sane values, use defaults otherwise */
   1594 	if (x_cols < MIN_COLS)
   1595 		x_cols = 80;
   1596 	if (x_lins < MIN_LINS)
   1597 		x_lins = 24;
   1598 
   1599 #ifdef SIGWINCH
   1600 	got_winch = 0;
   1601 #endif
   1602 }
   1603 
   1604 uint32_t
   1605 hash(const void *s)
   1606 {
   1607 	register uint32_t h;
   1608 
   1609 	BAFHInit(h);
   1610 	BAFHUpdateStr_reg(h, s);
   1611 	BAFHFinish_reg(h);
   1612 	return (h);
   1613 }
   1614 
   1615 uint32_t
   1616 chvt_rndsetup(const void *bp, size_t sz)
   1617 {
   1618 	register uint32_t h;
   1619 
   1620 	/* use LCG as seed but try to get them to deviate immediately */
   1621 	h = lcg_state;
   1622 	(void)rndget();
   1623 	BAFHFinish_reg(h);
   1624 	/* variation through pid, ppid, and the works */
   1625 	BAFHUpdateMem_reg(h, &rndsetupstate, sizeof(rndsetupstate));
   1626 	/* some variation, some possibly entropy, depending on OE */
   1627 	BAFHUpdateMem_reg(h, bp, sz);
   1628 	/* mix them all up */
   1629 	BAFHFinish_reg(h);
   1630 
   1631 	return (h);
   1632 }
   1633 
   1634 mksh_ari_t
   1635 rndget(void)
   1636 {
   1637 	/*
   1638 	 * this is the same Linear Congruential PRNG as Borland
   1639 	 * C/C++ allegedly uses in its built-in rand() function
   1640 	 */
   1641 	return (((lcg_state = 22695477 * lcg_state + 1) >> 16) & 0x7FFF);
   1642 }
   1643 
   1644 void
   1645 rndset(unsigned long v)
   1646 {
   1647 	register uint32_t h;
   1648 #if defined(arc4random_pushb_fast) || defined(MKSH_A4PB)
   1649 	register uint32_t t;
   1650 #endif
   1651 	struct {
   1652 		struct timeval tv;
   1653 		void *sp;
   1654 		uint32_t qh;
   1655 		pid_t pp;
   1656 		short r;
   1657 	} z;
   1658 
   1659 #ifdef DEBUG
   1660 	/* clear the allocated space, for valgrind */
   1661 	memset(&z, 0, sizeof(z));
   1662 #endif
   1663 
   1664 	h = lcg_state;
   1665 	BAFHFinish_reg(h);
   1666 	BAFHUpdateMem_reg(h, &v, sizeof(v));
   1667 
   1668 	mksh_TIME(z.tv);
   1669 	z.sp = &lcg_state;
   1670 	z.pp = procpid;
   1671 	z.r = (short)rndget();
   1672 
   1673 #if defined(arc4random_pushb_fast) || defined(MKSH_A4PB)
   1674 	t = qh_state;
   1675 	BAFHFinish_reg(t);
   1676 	z.qh = (t & 0xFFFF8000) | rndget();
   1677 	lcg_state = (t << 15) | rndget();
   1678 	/*
   1679 	 * either we have very chap entropy get and push available,
   1680 	 * with malloc() pulling in this code already anyway, or the
   1681 	 * user requested us to use the old functions
   1682 	 */
   1683 	t = h;
   1684 	BAFHUpdateMem_reg(t, &lcg_state, sizeof(lcg_state));
   1685 	BAFHFinish_reg(t);
   1686 	lcg_state = t;
   1687 #if defined(arc4random_pushb_fast)
   1688 	arc4random_pushb_fast(&lcg_state, sizeof(lcg_state));
   1689 	lcg_state = arc4random();
   1690 #else
   1691 	lcg_state = arc4random_pushb(&lcg_state, sizeof(lcg_state));
   1692 #endif
   1693 	BAFHUpdateMem_reg(h, &lcg_state, sizeof(lcg_state));
   1694 #else
   1695 	z.qh = qh_state;
   1696 #endif
   1697 
   1698 	BAFHUpdateMem_reg(h, &z, sizeof(z));
   1699 	BAFHFinish_reg(h);
   1700 	lcg_state = h;
   1701 }
   1702 
   1703 void
   1704 rndpush(const void *s)
   1705 {
   1706 	register uint32_t h = qh_state;
   1707 
   1708 	BAFHUpdateStr_reg(h, s);
   1709 	BAFHUpdateOctet_reg(h, 0);
   1710 	qh_state = h;
   1711 }
   1712