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      1 /*
      2  * Copyright (c) 1998 Robert Nordier
      3  * All rights reserved.
      4  *
      5  * Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
      6  * modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions
      7  * are met:
      8  * 1. Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
      9  *    notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
     10  * 2. Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above copyright
     11  *    notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer in
     12  *    the documentation and/or other materials provided with the
     13  *    distribution.
     14  *
     15  * THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE AUTHOR(S) ``AS IS'' AND ANY EXPRESS
     16  * OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED
     17  * WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE
     18  * ARE DISCLAIMED.  IN NO EVENT SHALL THE AUTHOR(S) BE LIABLE FOR ANY
     19  * DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL, SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL
     20  * DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE
     21  * GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE, DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS
     22  * INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER
     23  * IN CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR
     24  * OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN
     25  * IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
     26  */
     27 
     28 #ifndef lint
     29 static const char rcsid[] =
     30         "$FreeBSD: src/sbin/newfs_msdos/newfs_msdos.c,v 1.33 2009/04/11 14:56:29 ed Exp $";
     31 #endif /* not lint */
     32 
     33 #include <sys/param.h>
     34 
     35 #ifndef ANDROID
     36 #include <sys/fdcio.h>
     37 #include <sys/disk.h>
     38 #include <sys/disklabel.h>
     39 #include <sys/mount.h>
     40 #else
     41 #include <stdarg.h>
     42 #include <linux/fs.h>
     43 #include <linux/hdreg.h>
     44 #endif
     45 
     46 #include <sys/stat.h>
     47 #include <sys/time.h>
     48 
     49 #include <ctype.h>
     50 #include <err.h>
     51 #include <errno.h>
     52 #include <fcntl.h>
     53 #include <inttypes.h>
     54 #include <paths.h>
     55 #include <stdio.h>
     56 #include <stdlib.h>
     57 #include <string.h>
     58 #include <time.h>
     59 #include <unistd.h>
     60 
     61 #define MAXU16   0xffff     /* maximum unsigned 16-bit quantity */
     62 #define BPN      4          /* bits per nibble */
     63 #define NPB      2          /* nibbles per byte */
     64 
     65 #define DOSMAGIC  0xaa55    /* DOS magic number */
     66 #define MINBPS    512       /* minimum bytes per sector */
     67 #define MAXSPC    128       /* maximum sectors per cluster */
     68 #define MAXNFT    16        /* maximum number of FATs */
     69 #define DEFBLK    4096      /* default block size */
     70 #define DEFBLK16  2048      /* default block size FAT16 */
     71 #define DEFRDE    512       /* default root directory entries */
     72 #define RESFTE    2         /* reserved FAT entries */
     73 #define MINCLS12  1         /* minimum FAT12 clusters */
     74 #define MINCLS16  0x1000    /* minimum FAT16 clusters */
     75 #define MINCLS32  2         /* minimum FAT32 clusters */
     76 #define MAXCLS12  0xfed     /* maximum FAT12 clusters */
     77 #define MAXCLS16  0xfff5    /* maximum FAT16 clusters */
     78 #define MAXCLS32  0xffffff5 /* maximum FAT32 clusters */
     79 
     80 #define mincls(fat)  ((fat) == 12 ? MINCLS12 :    \
     81                       (fat) == 16 ? MINCLS16 :    \
     82                                         MINCLS32)
     83 
     84 #define maxcls(fat)  ((fat) == 12 ? MAXCLS12 :    \
     85                       (fat) == 16 ? MAXCLS16 :    \
     86                                         MAXCLS32)
     87 
     88 #define mk1(p, x)                           \
     89     (p) = (u_int8_t)(x)
     90 
     91 #define mk2(p, x)                           \
     92     (p)[0] = (u_int8_t)(x),                 \
     93     (p)[1] = (u_int8_t)((x) >> 010)
     94 
     95 #define mk4(p, x)                           \
     96     (p)[0] = (u_int8_t)(x),                 \
     97     (p)[1] = (u_int8_t)((x) >> 010),        \
     98     (p)[2] = (u_int8_t)((x) >> 020),        \
     99     (p)[3] = (u_int8_t)((x) >> 030)
    100 
    101 #define argto1(arg, lo, msg)  argtou(arg, lo, 0xff, msg)
    102 #define argto2(arg, lo, msg)  argtou(arg, lo, 0xffff, msg)
    103 #define argto4(arg, lo, msg)  argtou(arg, lo, 0xffffffff, msg)
    104 #define argtox(arg, lo, msg)  argtou(arg, lo, UINT_MAX, msg)
    105 
    106 struct bs {
    107     u_int8_t jmp[3];        /* bootstrap entry point */
    108     u_int8_t oem[8];        /* OEM name and version */
    109 };
    110 
    111 struct bsbpb {
    112     u_int8_t bps[2];    /* bytes per sector */
    113     u_int8_t spc;       /* sectors per cluster */
    114     u_int8_t res[2];    /* reserved sectors */
    115     u_int8_t nft;       /* number of FATs */
    116     u_int8_t rde[2];    /* root directory entries */
    117     u_int8_t sec[2];    /* total sectors */
    118     u_int8_t mid;       /* media descriptor */
    119     u_int8_t spf[2];    /* sectors per FAT */
    120     u_int8_t spt[2];    /* sectors per track */
    121     u_int8_t hds[2];    /* drive heads */
    122     u_int8_t hid[4];    /* hidden sectors */
    123     u_int8_t bsec[4];   /* big total sectors */
    124 };
    125 
    126 struct bsxbpb {
    127     u_int8_t bspf[4];       /* big sectors per FAT */
    128     u_int8_t xflg[2];       /* FAT control flags */
    129     u_int8_t vers[2];       /* file system version */
    130     u_int8_t rdcl[4];       /* root directory start cluster */
    131     u_int8_t infs[2];       /* file system info sector */
    132     u_int8_t bkbs[2];       /* backup boot sector */
    133     u_int8_t rsvd[12];      /* reserved */
    134 };
    135 
    136 struct bsx {
    137     u_int8_t drv;           /* drive number */
    138     u_int8_t rsvd;          /* reserved */
    139     u_int8_t sig;           /* extended boot signature */
    140     u_int8_t volid[4];      /* volume ID number */
    141     u_int8_t label[11];     /* volume label */
    142     u_int8_t type[8];       /* file system type */
    143 };
    144 
    145 struct de {
    146     u_int8_t namext[11];    /* name and extension */
    147     u_int8_t attr;          /* attributes */
    148     u_int8_t rsvd[10];      /* reserved */
    149     u_int8_t time[2];       /* creation time */
    150     u_int8_t date[2];       /* creation date */
    151     u_int8_t clus[2];       /* starting cluster */
    152     u_int8_t size[4];       /* size */
    153 };
    154 
    155 struct bpb {
    156     u_int bps;          /* bytes per sector */
    157     u_int spc;          /* sectors per cluster */
    158     u_int res;          /* reserved sectors */
    159     u_int nft;          /* number of FATs */
    160     u_int rde;          /* root directory entries */
    161     u_int sec;          /* total sectors */
    162     u_int mid;          /* media descriptor */
    163     u_int spf;          /* sectors per FAT */
    164     u_int spt;          /* sectors per track */
    165     u_int hds;          /* drive heads */
    166     u_int hid;          /* hidden sectors */
    167     u_int bsec;         /* big total sectors */
    168     u_int bspf;         /* big sectors per FAT */
    169     u_int rdcl;         /* root directory start cluster */
    170     u_int infs;         /* file system info sector */
    171     u_int bkbs;         /* backup boot sector */
    172 };
    173 
    174 #define BPBGAP 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0
    175 
    176 static struct {
    177     const char *name;
    178     struct bpb bpb;
    179 } const stdfmt[] = {
    180     {"160",  {512, 1, 1, 2,  64,  320, 0xfe, 1,  8, 1, BPBGAP}},
    181     {"180",  {512, 1, 1, 2,  64,  360, 0xfc, 2,  9, 1, BPBGAP}},
    182     {"320",  {512, 2, 1, 2, 112,  640, 0xff, 1,  8, 2, BPBGAP}},
    183     {"360",  {512, 2, 1, 2, 112,  720, 0xfd, 2,  9, 2, BPBGAP}},
    184     {"640",  {512, 2, 1, 2, 112, 1280, 0xfb, 2,  8, 2, BPBGAP}},
    185     {"720",  {512, 2, 1, 2, 112, 1440, 0xf9, 3,  9, 2, BPBGAP}},
    186     {"1200", {512, 1, 1, 2, 224, 2400, 0xf9, 7, 15, 2, BPBGAP}},
    187     {"1232", {1024,1, 1, 2, 192, 1232, 0xfe, 2,  8, 2, BPBGAP}},
    188     {"1440", {512, 1, 1, 2, 224, 2880, 0xf0, 9, 18, 2, BPBGAP}},
    189     {"2880", {512, 2, 1, 2, 240, 5760, 0xf0, 9, 36, 2, BPBGAP}}
    190 };
    191 
    192 static const u_int8_t bootcode[] = {
    193     0xfa,               /* cli             */
    194     0x31, 0xc0,         /* xor    ax,ax    */
    195     0x8e, 0xd0,         /* mov    ss,ax    */
    196     0xbc, 0x00, 0x7c,   /* mov    sp,7c00h */
    197     0xfb,               /* sti             */
    198     0x8e, 0xd8,         /* mov    ds,ax    */
    199     0xe8, 0x00, 0x00,   /* call   $ + 3    */
    200     0x5e,               /* pop    si       */
    201     0x83, 0xc6, 0x19,   /* add    si,+19h  */
    202     0xbb, 0x07, 0x00,   /* mov    bx,0007h */
    203     0xfc,               /* cld             */
    204     0xac,               /* lodsb           */
    205     0x84, 0xc0,         /* test   al,al    */
    206     0x74, 0x06,         /* jz     $ + 8    */
    207     0xb4, 0x0e,         /* mov    ah,0eh   */
    208     0xcd, 0x10,         /* int    10h      */
    209     0xeb, 0xf5,         /* jmp    $ - 9    */
    210     0x30, 0xe4,         /* xor    ah,ah    */
    211     0xcd, 0x16,         /* int    16h      */
    212     0xcd, 0x19,         /* int    19h      */
    213     0x0d, 0x0a,
    214     'N', 'o', 'n', '-', 's', 'y', 's', 't',
    215     'e', 'm', ' ', 'd', 'i', 's', 'k',
    216     0x0d, 0x0a,
    217     'P', 'r', 'e', 's', 's', ' ', 'a', 'n',
    218     'y', ' ', 'k', 'e', 'y', ' ', 't', 'o',
    219     ' ', 'r', 'e', 'b', 'o', 'o', 't',
    220     0x0d, 0x0a,
    221     0
    222 };
    223 
    224 static void check_mounted(const char *, mode_t);
    225 static void getstdfmt(const char *, struct bpb *);
    226 static void getdiskinfo(int, const char *, const char *, int, struct bpb *);
    227 static void print_bpb(struct bpb *);
    228 static u_int ckgeom(const char *, u_int, const char *);
    229 static u_int argtou(const char *, u_int, u_int, const char *);
    230 static off_t argtooff(const char *, const char *);
    231 static int oklabel(const char *);
    232 static void mklabel(u_int8_t *, const char *);
    233 static void setstr(u_int8_t *, const char *, size_t);
    234 static void usage(void);
    235 
    236 /*
    237  * Construct a FAT12, FAT16, or FAT32 file system.
    238  */
    239 int newfs_msdos_main(int argc, char *argv[])
    240 {
    241     static const char opts[] = "@:NAB:C:F:I:L:O:S:a:b:c:e:f:h:i:k:m:n:o:r:s:u:";
    242     const char *opt_B = NULL, *opt_L = NULL, *opt_O = NULL, *opt_f = NULL;
    243     u_int opt_F = 0, opt_I = 0, opt_S = 0, opt_a = 0, opt_b = 0, opt_c = 0;
    244     u_int opt_e = 0, opt_h = 0, opt_i = 0, opt_k = 0, opt_m = 0, opt_n = 0;
    245     u_int opt_o = 0, opt_r = 0, opt_s = 0, opt_u = 0;
    246     u_int opt_A = 0;
    247     int opt_N = 0;
    248     int Iflag = 0, mflag = 0, oflag = 0;
    249     char buf[MAXPATHLEN];
    250     struct stat sb;
    251     struct timeval tv;
    252     struct bpb bpb;
    253     struct tm *tm;
    254     struct bs *bs;
    255     struct bsbpb *bsbpb;
    256     struct bsxbpb *bsxbpb;
    257     struct bsx *bsx;
    258     struct de *de;
    259     u_int8_t *img;
    260     const char *fname, *dtype, *bname;
    261     ssize_t n;
    262     time_t now;
    263     u_int fat, bss, rds, cls, dir, lsn, x, x1, x2;
    264     u_int extra_res, alignment=0, set_res, set_spf, set_spc, tempx, attempts=0;
    265     int ch, fd, fd1;
    266     off_t opt_create = 0, opt_ofs = 0;
    267 
    268     while ((ch = getopt(argc, argv, opts)) != -1)
    269         switch (ch) {
    270         case '@':
    271             opt_ofs = argtooff(optarg, "offset");
    272             break;
    273         case 'N':
    274             opt_N = 1;
    275             break;
    276         case 'A':
    277             opt_A = 1;
    278             break;
    279         case 'B':
    280             opt_B = optarg;
    281             break;
    282         case 'C':
    283             opt_create = argtooff(optarg, "create size");
    284             break;
    285         case 'F':
    286             if (strcmp(optarg, "12") &&  strcmp(optarg, "16") && strcmp(optarg, "32"))
    287                 errx(1, "%s: bad FAT type", optarg);
    288             opt_F = atoi(optarg);
    289             break;
    290         case 'I':
    291             opt_I = argto4(optarg, 0, "volume ID");
    292             Iflag = 1;
    293             break;
    294         case 'L':
    295             if (!oklabel(optarg))
    296                 errx(1, "%s: bad volume label", optarg);
    297             opt_L = optarg;
    298             break;
    299         case 'O':
    300             if (strlen(optarg) > 8)
    301                 errx(1, "%s: bad OEM string", optarg);
    302             opt_O = optarg;
    303             break;
    304         case 'S':
    305             opt_S = argto2(optarg, 1, "bytes/sector");
    306             break;
    307         case 'a':
    308             opt_a = argto4(optarg, 1, "sectors/FAT");
    309             break;
    310         case 'b':
    311             opt_b = argtox(optarg, 1, "block size");
    312             opt_c = 0;
    313             break;
    314         case 'c':
    315             opt_c = argto1(optarg, 1, "sectors/cluster");
    316             opt_b = 0;
    317             break;
    318         case 'e':
    319             opt_e = argto2(optarg, 1, "directory entries");
    320             break;
    321         case 'f':
    322             opt_f = optarg;
    323             break;
    324         case 'h':
    325             opt_h = argto2(optarg, 1, "drive heads");
    326             break;
    327         case 'i':
    328             opt_i = argto2(optarg, 1, "info sector");
    329             break;
    330         case 'k':
    331             opt_k = argto2(optarg, 1, "backup sector");
    332             break;
    333         case 'm':
    334             opt_m = argto1(optarg, 0, "media descriptor");
    335             mflag = 1;
    336             break;
    337         case 'n':
    338             opt_n = argto1(optarg, 1, "number of FATs");
    339             break;
    340         case 'o':
    341             opt_o = argto4(optarg, 0, "hidden sectors");
    342             oflag = 1;
    343             break;
    344         case 'r':
    345             opt_r = argto2(optarg, 1, "reserved sectors");
    346             break;
    347         case 's':
    348             opt_s = argto4(optarg, 1, "file system size");
    349             break;
    350         case 'u':
    351             opt_u = argto2(optarg, 1, "sectors/track");
    352             break;
    353         default:
    354             usage();
    355         }
    356     argc -= optind;
    357     argv += optind;
    358     if (argc < 1 || argc > 2)
    359         usage();
    360     fname = *argv++;
    361     if (!opt_create && !strchr(fname, '/')) {
    362         snprintf(buf, sizeof(buf), "%s%s", _PATH_DEV, fname);
    363         if (!(fname = strdup(buf)))
    364             err(1, "%s", buf);
    365     }
    366     dtype = *argv;
    367     if (opt_A) {
    368         if (opt_r)
    369             errx(1, "align (-A) is incompatible with -r");
    370         if (opt_N)
    371             errx(1, "align (-A) is incompatible with -N");
    372     }
    373     if (opt_create) {
    374         if (opt_N)
    375             errx(1, "create (-C) is incompatible with -N");
    376         fd = open(fname, O_RDWR | O_CREAT | O_TRUNC, 0644);
    377         if (fd == -1)
    378             errx(1, "failed to create %s", fname);
    379         if (ftruncate(fd, opt_create))
    380             errx(1, "failed to initialize %jd bytes", (intmax_t)opt_create);
    381     } else if ((fd = open(fname, opt_N ? O_RDONLY : O_RDWR)) == -1)
    382         err(1, "%s", fname);
    383     if (fstat(fd, &sb))
    384         err(1, "%s", fname);
    385     if (opt_create) {
    386         if (!S_ISREG(sb.st_mode))
    387             warnx("warning, %s is not a regular file", fname);
    388     } else {
    389         if (!S_ISCHR(sb.st_mode))
    390             warnx("warning, %s is not a character device", fname);
    391     }
    392     if (!opt_N)
    393         check_mounted(fname, sb.st_mode);
    394     if (opt_ofs && opt_ofs != lseek(fd, opt_ofs, SEEK_SET))
    395         errx(1, "cannot seek to %jd", (intmax_t)opt_ofs);
    396     memset(&bpb, 0, sizeof(bpb));
    397     if (opt_f) {
    398         getstdfmt(opt_f, &bpb);
    399         bpb.bsec = bpb.sec;
    400         bpb.sec = 0;
    401         bpb.bspf = bpb.spf;
    402         bpb.spf = 0;
    403     }
    404     if (opt_h)
    405         bpb.hds = opt_h;
    406     if (opt_u)
    407         bpb.spt = opt_u;
    408     if (opt_S)
    409         bpb.bps = opt_S;
    410     if (opt_s)
    411         bpb.bsec = opt_s;
    412     if (oflag)
    413         bpb.hid = opt_o;
    414     if (!(opt_f || (opt_h && opt_u && opt_S && opt_s && oflag))) {
    415         off_t delta;
    416         getdiskinfo(fd, fname, dtype, oflag, &bpb);
    417         if (opt_s) {
    418             bpb.bsec = opt_s;
    419         }
    420         bpb.bsec -= (opt_ofs / bpb.bps);
    421         delta = bpb.bsec % bpb.spt;
    422         if (delta != 0) {
    423             warnx("trim %d sectors from %d to adjust to a multiple of %d",
    424                   (int)delta, bpb.bsec, bpb.spt);
    425             bpb.bsec -= delta;
    426         }
    427         if (bpb.spc == 0) {    /* set defaults */
    428             if (bpb.bsec <= 6000)    /* about 3MB -> 512 bytes */
    429                 bpb.spc = 1;
    430             else if (bpb.bsec <= (1<<17)) /* 64M -> 4k */
    431                 bpb.spc = 8;
    432             else if (bpb.bsec <= (1<<19)) /* 256M -> 8k */
    433                 bpb.spc = 16;
    434             else if (bpb.bsec <= (1<<22)) /* 2G -> 16k, some versions of windows
    435                                          require a minimum of 65527 clusters */
    436                 bpb.spc = 32;
    437             else
    438                 bpb.spc = 64;        /* otherwise 32k */
    439         }
    440     }
    441     if (!powerof2(bpb.bps))
    442         errx(1, "bytes/sector (%u) is not a power of 2", bpb.bps);
    443     if (bpb.bps < MINBPS)
    444         errx(1, "bytes/sector (%u) is too small; minimum is %u",
    445              bpb.bps, MINBPS);
    446     if (!(fat = opt_F)) {
    447         if (opt_f)
    448             fat = 12;
    449         else if (!opt_e && (opt_i || opt_k))
    450             fat = 32;
    451     }
    452     if ((fat == 32 && opt_e) || (fat != 32 && (opt_i || opt_k)))
    453         errx(1, "-%c is not a legal FAT%s option",
    454              fat == 32 ? 'e' : opt_i ? 'i' : 'k',
    455                      fat == 32 ? "32" : "12/16");
    456     if (opt_f && fat == 32)
    457         bpb.rde = 0;
    458     if (opt_b) {
    459         if (!powerof2(opt_b))
    460             errx(1, "block size (%u) is not a power of 2", opt_b);
    461         if (opt_b < bpb.bps)
    462             errx(1, "block size (%u) is too small; minimum is %u",
    463                  opt_b, bpb.bps);
    464         if (opt_b > bpb.bps * MAXSPC)
    465             errx(1, "block size (%u) is too large; maximum is %u", opt_b, bpb.bps * MAXSPC);
    466         bpb.spc = opt_b / bpb.bps;
    467     }
    468     if (opt_c) {
    469         if (!powerof2(opt_c))
    470             errx(1, "sectors/cluster (%u) is not a power of 2", opt_c);
    471         bpb.spc = opt_c;
    472     }
    473     if (opt_r)
    474         bpb.res = opt_r;
    475     if (opt_n) {
    476         if (opt_n > MAXNFT)
    477             errx(1, "number of FATs (%u) is too large; maximum is %u", opt_n, MAXNFT);
    478         bpb.nft = opt_n;
    479     }
    480     if (opt_e)
    481         bpb.rde = opt_e;
    482     if (mflag) {
    483         if (opt_m < 0xf0)
    484             errx(1, "illegal media descriptor (%#x)", opt_m);
    485         bpb.mid = opt_m;
    486     }
    487     if (opt_a)
    488         bpb.bspf = opt_a;
    489     if (opt_i)
    490         bpb.infs = opt_i;
    491     if (opt_k)
    492         bpb.bkbs = opt_k;
    493     bss = 1;
    494     bname = NULL;
    495     fd1 = -1;
    496     if (opt_B) {
    497         bname = opt_B;
    498         if (!strchr(bname, '/')) {
    499             snprintf(buf, sizeof(buf), "/boot/%s", bname);
    500             if (!(bname = strdup(buf)))
    501                 err(1, "%s", buf);
    502         }
    503         if ((fd1 = open(bname, O_RDONLY)) == -1 || fstat(fd1, &sb))
    504             err(1, "%s", bname);
    505         if (!S_ISREG(sb.st_mode) || sb.st_size % bpb.bps ||
    506                 sb.st_size < bpb.bps || sb.st_size > bpb.bps * MAXU16)
    507             errx(1, "%s: inappropriate file type or format", bname);
    508         bss = sb.st_size / bpb.bps;
    509     }
    510     if (!bpb.nft)
    511         bpb.nft = 2;
    512     if (!fat) {
    513         if (bpb.bsec < (bpb.res ? bpb.res : bss) +
    514                 howmany((RESFTE + (bpb.spc ? MINCLS16 : MAXCLS12 + 1)) *
    515                         ((bpb.spc ? 16 : 12) / BPN), bpb.bps * NPB) *
    516                         bpb.nft +
    517                         howmany(bpb.rde ? bpb.rde : DEFRDE,
    518                                 bpb.bps / sizeof(struct de)) +
    519                                 (bpb.spc ? MINCLS16 : MAXCLS12 + 1) *
    520                                 (bpb.spc ? bpb.spc : howmany(DEFBLK, bpb.bps)))
    521             fat = 12;
    522         else if (bpb.rde || bpb.bsec <
    523                 (bpb.res ? bpb.res : bss) +
    524                 howmany((RESFTE + MAXCLS16) * 2, bpb.bps) * bpb.nft +
    525                 howmany(DEFRDE, bpb.bps / sizeof(struct de)) +
    526                 (MAXCLS16 + 1) *
    527                 (bpb.spc ? bpb.spc : howmany(8192, bpb.bps)))
    528             fat = 16;
    529         else
    530             fat = 32;
    531     }
    532     x = bss;
    533     if (fat == 32) {
    534         if (!bpb.infs) {
    535             if (x == MAXU16 || x == bpb.bkbs)
    536                 errx(1, "no room for info sector");
    537             bpb.infs = x;
    538         }
    539         if (bpb.infs != MAXU16 && x <= bpb.infs)
    540             x = bpb.infs + 1;
    541         if (!bpb.bkbs) {
    542             if (x == MAXU16)
    543                 errx(1, "no room for backup sector");
    544             bpb.bkbs = x;
    545         } else if (bpb.bkbs != MAXU16 && bpb.bkbs == bpb.infs)
    546             errx(1, "backup sector would overwrite info sector");
    547         if (bpb.bkbs != MAXU16 && x <= bpb.bkbs)
    548             x = bpb.bkbs + 1;
    549     }
    550 
    551     extra_res = 0;
    552     set_res = !bpb.res;
    553     set_spf = !bpb.bspf;
    554     set_spc = !bpb.spc;
    555     tempx = x;
    556     /*
    557      * Attempt to align if opt_A is set. This is done by increasing the number
    558      * of reserved blocks. This can cause other factors to change, which can in
    559      * turn change the alignment. This should take at most 2 iterations, as
    560      * increasing the reserved amount may cause the FAT size to decrease by 1,
    561      * requiring another nft reserved blocks. If spc changes, it will
    562      * be half of its previous size, and thus will not throw off alignment.
    563      */
    564     do {
    565         x = tempx;
    566         if (set_res)
    567             bpb.res = (fat == 32 ? MAX(x, MAX(16384 / bpb.bps, 4)) : x) + extra_res;
    568         else if (bpb.res < x)
    569             errx(1, "too few reserved sectors");
    570         if (fat != 32 && !bpb.rde)
    571             bpb.rde = DEFRDE;
    572         rds = howmany(bpb.rde, bpb.bps / sizeof(struct de));
    573         if (set_spc)
    574             for (bpb.spc = howmany(fat == 16 ? DEFBLK16 : DEFBLK, bpb.bps);
    575                     bpb.spc < MAXSPC &&
    576                     bpb.res +
    577                     howmany((RESFTE + maxcls(fat)) * (fat / BPN),
    578                             bpb.bps * NPB) * bpb.nft +
    579                             rds +
    580                             (u_int64_t)(maxcls(fat) + 1) * bpb.spc <= bpb.bsec;
    581                     bpb.spc <<= 1);
    582         if (fat != 32 && bpb.bspf > MAXU16)
    583             errx(1, "too many sectors/FAT for FAT12/16");
    584         x1 = bpb.res + rds;
    585         x = bpb.bspf ? bpb.bspf : 1;
    586         if (x1 + (u_int64_t)x * bpb.nft > bpb.bsec)
    587             errx(1, "meta data exceeds file system size");
    588         x1 += x * bpb.nft;
    589         x = (u_int64_t)(bpb.bsec - x1) * bpb.bps * NPB /
    590                 (bpb.spc * bpb.bps * NPB + fat / BPN * bpb.nft);
    591         x2 = howmany((RESFTE + MIN(x, maxcls(fat))) * (fat / BPN), bpb.bps * NPB);
    592         if (set_spf) {
    593             if (!bpb.bspf) {
    594                 bpb.bspf = x2;
    595             }
    596             x1 += (bpb.bspf - 1) * bpb.nft;
    597         }
    598         if(set_res) {
    599             /* attempt to align root directory */
    600             alignment = (bpb.res + bpb.bspf * bpb.nft) % bpb.spc;
    601             extra_res += bpb.spc - alignment;
    602         }
    603         attempts++;
    604     } while(opt_A && alignment != 0 && attempts < 2);
    605     if (alignment != 0)
    606         warnx("warning: Alignment failed.");
    607 
    608     cls = (bpb.bsec - x1) / bpb.spc;
    609     x = (u_int64_t)bpb.bspf * bpb.bps * NPB / (fat / BPN) - RESFTE;
    610     if (cls > x)
    611         cls = x;
    612     if (bpb.bspf < x2)
    613         warnx("warning: sectors/FAT limits file system to %u clusters", cls);
    614     if (cls < mincls(fat))
    615         errx(1, "%u clusters too few clusters for FAT%u, need %u", cls, fat, mincls(fat));
    616     if (cls > maxcls(fat)) {
    617         cls = maxcls(fat);
    618         bpb.bsec = x1 + (cls + 1) * bpb.spc - 1;
    619         warnx("warning: FAT type limits file system to %u sectors", bpb.bsec);
    620     }
    621     printf("%s: %u sector%s in %u FAT%u cluster%s (%u bytes/cluster)\n",
    622            fname, cls * bpb.spc, cls * bpb.spc == 1 ? "" : "s", cls, fat,
    623            cls == 1 ? "" : "s", bpb.bps * bpb.spc);
    624     if (!bpb.mid)
    625         bpb.mid = !bpb.hid ? 0xf0 : 0xf8;
    626     if (fat == 32)
    627         bpb.rdcl = RESFTE;
    628     if (bpb.hid + bpb.bsec <= MAXU16) {
    629         bpb.sec = bpb.bsec;
    630         bpb.bsec = 0;
    631     }
    632     if (fat != 32) {
    633         bpb.spf = bpb.bspf;
    634         bpb.bspf = 0;
    635     }
    636     print_bpb(&bpb);
    637     if (!opt_N) {
    638         gettimeofday(&tv, NULL);
    639         now = tv.tv_sec;
    640         tm = localtime(&now);
    641         if (!(img = malloc(bpb.bps)))
    642             err(1, "%u", bpb.bps);
    643         dir = bpb.res + (bpb.spf ? bpb.spf : bpb.bspf) * bpb.nft;
    644         for (lsn = 0; lsn < dir + (fat == 32 ? bpb.spc : rds); lsn++) {
    645             x = lsn;
    646             if (opt_B && fat == 32 && bpb.bkbs != MAXU16 && bss <= bpb.bkbs && x >= bpb.bkbs) {
    647                 x -= bpb.bkbs;
    648                 if (!x && lseek(fd1, opt_ofs, SEEK_SET))
    649                     err(1, "%s", bname);
    650             }
    651             if (opt_B && x < bss) {
    652                 if ((n = read(fd1, img, bpb.bps)) == -1)
    653                     err(1, "%s", bname);
    654                 if ((unsigned)n != bpb.bps)
    655                     errx(1, "%s: can't read sector %u", bname, x);
    656             } else
    657                 memset(img, 0, bpb.bps);
    658             if (!lsn || (fat == 32 && bpb.bkbs != MAXU16 && lsn == bpb.bkbs)) {
    659                 x1 = sizeof(struct bs);
    660                 bsbpb = (struct bsbpb *)(img + x1);
    661                 mk2(bsbpb->bps, bpb.bps);
    662                 mk1(bsbpb->spc, bpb.spc);
    663                 mk2(bsbpb->res, bpb.res);
    664                 mk1(bsbpb->nft, bpb.nft);
    665                 mk2(bsbpb->rde, bpb.rde);
    666                 mk2(bsbpb->sec, bpb.sec);
    667                 mk1(bsbpb->mid, bpb.mid);
    668                 mk2(bsbpb->spf, bpb.spf);
    669                 mk2(bsbpb->spt, bpb.spt);
    670                 mk2(bsbpb->hds, bpb.hds);
    671                 mk4(bsbpb->hid, bpb.hid);
    672                 mk4(bsbpb->bsec, bpb.bsec);
    673                 x1 += sizeof(struct bsbpb);
    674                 if (fat == 32) {
    675                     bsxbpb = (struct bsxbpb *)(img + x1);
    676                     mk4(bsxbpb->bspf, bpb.bspf);
    677                     mk2(bsxbpb->xflg, 0);
    678                     mk2(bsxbpb->vers, 0);
    679                     mk4(bsxbpb->rdcl, bpb.rdcl);
    680                     mk2(bsxbpb->infs, bpb.infs);
    681                     mk2(bsxbpb->bkbs, bpb.bkbs);
    682                     x1 += sizeof(struct bsxbpb);
    683                 }
    684                 bsx = (struct bsx *)(img + x1);
    685                 mk1(bsx->sig, 0x29);
    686                 if (Iflag)
    687                     x = opt_I;
    688                 else
    689                     x = (((u_int)(1 + tm->tm_mon) << 8 |
    690                             (u_int)tm->tm_mday) +
    691                             ((u_int)tm->tm_sec << 8 |
    692                                     (u_int)(tv.tv_usec / 10))) << 16 |
    693                                     ((u_int)(1900 + tm->tm_year) +
    694                                             ((u_int)tm->tm_hour << 8 |
    695                                                     (u_int)tm->tm_min));
    696                 mk4(bsx->volid, x);
    697                 mklabel(bsx->label, opt_L ? opt_L : "NO NAME");
    698                 snprintf(buf, sizeof(buf), "FAT%u", fat);
    699                 setstr(bsx->type, buf, sizeof(bsx->type));
    700                 if (!opt_B) {
    701                     x1 += sizeof(struct bsx);
    702                     bs = (struct bs *)img;
    703                     mk1(bs->jmp[0], 0xeb);
    704                     mk1(bs->jmp[1], x1 - 2);
    705                     mk1(bs->jmp[2], 0x90);
    706                     setstr(bs->oem, opt_O ? opt_O : "BSD  4.4",
    707                             sizeof(bs->oem));
    708                     memcpy(img + x1, bootcode, sizeof(bootcode));
    709                     mk2(img + MINBPS - 2, DOSMAGIC);
    710                 }
    711             } else if (fat == 32 && bpb.infs != MAXU16 &&
    712                     (lsn == bpb.infs || (bpb.bkbs != MAXU16 &&
    713                                     lsn == bpb.bkbs + bpb.infs))) {
    714                 mk4(img, 0x41615252);
    715                 mk4(img + MINBPS - 28, 0x61417272);
    716                 mk4(img + MINBPS - 24, 0xffffffff);
    717                 mk4(img + MINBPS - 20, bpb.rdcl);
    718                 mk2(img + MINBPS - 2, DOSMAGIC);
    719             } else if (lsn >= bpb.res && lsn < dir &&
    720                     !((lsn - bpb.res) % (bpb.spf ? bpb.spf : bpb.bspf))) {
    721                 mk1(img[0], bpb.mid);
    722                 for (x = 1; x < fat * (fat == 32 ? 3 : 2) / 8; x++)
    723                     mk1(img[x], fat == 32 && x % 4 == 3 ? 0x0f : 0xff);
    724             } else if (lsn == dir && opt_L) {
    725                 de = (struct de *)img;
    726                 mklabel(de->namext, opt_L);
    727                 mk1(de->attr, 050);
    728                 x = (u_int)tm->tm_hour << 11 |
    729                         (u_int)tm->tm_min << 5 |
    730                         (u_int)tm->tm_sec >> 1;
    731                 mk2(de->time, x);
    732                 x = (u_int)(tm->tm_year - 80) << 9 |
    733                         (u_int)(tm->tm_mon + 1) << 5 |
    734                         (u_int)tm->tm_mday;
    735                 mk2(de->date, x);
    736             }
    737             if ((n = write(fd, img, bpb.bps)) == -1)
    738                 err(1, "%s", fname);
    739             if ((unsigned)n != bpb.bps) {
    740                 errx(1, "%s: can't write sector %u", fname, lsn);
    741                 exit(1);
    742             }
    743         }
    744         free(img);
    745     }
    746     return 0;
    747 }
    748 
    749 /*
    750  * Exit with error if file system is mounted.
    751  */
    752 static void check_mounted(const char *fname, mode_t mode)
    753 {
    754 #ifdef ANDROID
    755     warnx("Skipping mount checks");
    756 #else
    757     struct statfs *mp;
    758     const char *s1, *s2;
    759     size_t len;
    760     int n, r;
    761 
    762     if (!(n = getmntinfo(&mp, MNT_NOWAIT)))
    763         err(1, "getmntinfo");
    764     len = strlen(_PATH_DEV);
    765     s1 = fname;
    766     if (!strncmp(s1, _PATH_DEV, len))
    767         s1 += len;
    768     r = S_ISCHR(mode) && s1 != fname && *s1 == 'r';
    769     for (; n--; mp++) {
    770         s2 = mp->f_mntfromname;
    771         if (!strncmp(s2, _PATH_DEV, len))
    772             s2 += len;
    773         if ((r && s2 != mp->f_mntfromname && !strcmp(s1 + 1, s2)) || !strcmp(s1, s2))
    774             errx(1, "%s is mounted on %s", fname, mp->f_mntonname);
    775     }
    776 #endif
    777 }
    778 
    779 /*
    780  * Get a standard format.
    781  */
    782 static void getstdfmt(const char *fmt, struct bpb *bpb)
    783 {
    784     u_int x, i;
    785 
    786     x = sizeof(stdfmt) / sizeof(stdfmt[0]);
    787     for (i = 0; i < x && strcmp(fmt, stdfmt[i].name); i++);
    788     if (i == x)
    789         errx(1, "%s: unknown standard format", fmt);
    790     *bpb = stdfmt[i].bpb;
    791 }
    792 
    793 /*
    794  * Get disk slice, partition, and geometry information.
    795  */
    796 
    797 #ifdef ANDROID
    798 static void getdiskinfo(int fd, const char *fname, const char *dtype,
    799                         __unused int oflag,struct bpb *bpb)
    800 {
    801     struct hd_geometry geom;
    802     u_long block_size;
    803 
    804     if (ioctl(fd, BLKSSZGET, &bpb->bps)) {
    805         fprintf(stderr, "Error getting bytes / sector (%s)\n", strerror(errno));
    806         exit(1);
    807     }
    808 
    809     ckgeom(fname, bpb->bps, "bytes/sector");
    810 
    811     if (ioctl(fd, BLKGETSIZE, &block_size)) {
    812         fprintf(stderr, "Error getting blocksize (%s)\n", strerror(errno));
    813         exit(1);
    814     }
    815 
    816     if (block_size > UINT32_MAX) {
    817         fprintf(stderr, "Error blocksize too large: %lu\n", block_size);
    818         exit(1);
    819     }
    820 
    821     bpb->bsec = (u_int)block_size;
    822 
    823     if (ioctl(fd, HDIO_GETGEO, &geom)) {
    824         fprintf(stderr, "Error getting gemoetry (%s) - trying sane values\n", strerror(errno));
    825         geom.heads = 64;
    826         geom.sectors = 63;
    827     }
    828 
    829     if (!geom.heads) {
    830         printf("Bogus heads from kernel - setting sane value\n");
    831         geom.heads = 64;
    832     }
    833 
    834     if (!geom.sectors) {
    835         printf("Bogus sectors from kernel - setting sane value\n");
    836         geom.sectors = 63;
    837     }
    838 
    839     bpb->spt = geom.sectors;
    840     ckgeom(fname, bpb->spt, "sectors/track");
    841 
    842     bpb->hds = geom.heads;
    843     ckgeom(fname, bpb->hds, "drive heads");
    844 }
    845 
    846 #else
    847 
    848 static void getdiskinfo(int fd, const char *fname, const char *dtype,
    849                         __unused int oflag, struct bpb *bpb)
    850 {
    851     struct disklabel *lp, dlp;
    852     struct fd_type type;
    853     off_t ms, hs = 0;
    854 
    855     lp = NULL;
    856 
    857     /* If the user specified a disk type, try to use that */
    858     if (dtype != NULL) {
    859         lp = getdiskbyname(dtype);
    860     }
    861 
    862     /* Maybe it's a floppy drive */
    863     if (lp == NULL) {
    864         if (ioctl(fd, DIOCGMEDIASIZE, &ms) == -1) {
    865             struct stat st;
    866 
    867             if (fstat(fd, &st))
    868                 err(1, "Cannot get disk size");
    869             /* create a fake geometry for a file image */
    870             ms = st.st_size;
    871             dlp.d_secsize = 512;
    872             dlp.d_nsectors = 63;
    873             dlp.d_ntracks = 255;
    874             dlp.d_secperunit = ms / dlp.d_secsize;
    875             lp = &dlp;
    876         } else if (ioctl(fd, FD_GTYPE, &type) != -1) {
    877             dlp.d_secsize = 128 << type.secsize;
    878             dlp.d_nsectors = type.sectrac;
    879             dlp.d_ntracks = type.heads;
    880             dlp.d_secperunit = ms / dlp.d_secsize;
    881             lp = &dlp;
    882         }
    883     }
    884 
    885     /* Maybe it's a fixed drive */
    886     if (lp == NULL) {
    887         if (ioctl(fd, DIOCGDINFO, &dlp) == -1) {
    888             if (bpb->bps == 0 && ioctl(fd, DIOCGSECTORSIZE, &dlp.d_secsize) == -1)
    889                 errx(1, "Cannot get sector size, %s", strerror(errno));
    890 
    891             /* XXX Should we use bpb->bps if it's set? */
    892             dlp.d_secperunit = ms / dlp.d_secsize;
    893 
    894             if (bpb->spt == 0 && ioctl(fd, DIOCGFWSECTORS, &dlp.d_nsectors) == -1) {
    895                 warnx("Cannot get number of sectors per track, %s", strerror(errno));
    896                 dlp.d_nsectors = 63;
    897             }
    898             if (bpb->hds == 0 && ioctl(fd, DIOCGFWHEADS, &dlp.d_ntracks) == -1) {
    899                 warnx("Cannot get number of heads, %s", strerror(errno));
    900                 if (dlp.d_secperunit <= 63*1*1024)
    901                     dlp.d_ntracks = 1;
    902                 else if (dlp.d_secperunit <= 63*16*1024)
    903                     dlp.d_ntracks = 16;
    904                 else
    905                     dlp.d_ntracks = 255;
    906             }
    907         }
    908 
    909         hs = (ms / dlp.d_secsize) - dlp.d_secperunit;
    910         lp = &dlp;
    911     }
    912 
    913     if (bpb->bps == 0)
    914         bpb->bps = ckgeom(fname, lp->d_secsize, "bytes/sector");
    915     if (bpb->spt == 0)
    916         bpb->spt = ckgeom(fname, lp->d_nsectors, "sectors/track");
    917     if (bpb->hds == 0)
    918         bpb->hds = ckgeom(fname, lp->d_ntracks, "drive heads");
    919     if (bpb->bsec == 0)
    920         bpb->bsec = lp->d_secperunit;
    921     if (bpb->hid == 0)
    922         bpb->hid = hs;
    923 }
    924 #endif
    925 
    926 /*
    927  * Print out BPB values.
    928  */
    929 static void print_bpb(struct bpb *bpb)
    930 {
    931     printf("bps=%u spc=%u res=%u nft=%u", bpb->bps, bpb->spc, bpb->res,
    932            bpb->nft);
    933     if (bpb->rde)
    934         printf(" rde=%u", bpb->rde);
    935     if (bpb->sec)
    936         printf(" sec=%u", bpb->sec);
    937     printf(" mid=%#x", bpb->mid);
    938     if (bpb->spf)
    939         printf(" spf=%u", bpb->spf);
    940     printf(" spt=%u hds=%u hid=%u", bpb->spt, bpb->hds, bpb->hid);
    941     if (bpb->bsec)
    942         printf(" bsec=%u", bpb->bsec);
    943     if (!bpb->spf) {
    944         printf(" bspf=%u rdcl=%u", bpb->bspf, bpb->rdcl);
    945         printf(" infs=");
    946         printf(bpb->infs == MAXU16 ? "%#x" : "%u", bpb->infs);
    947         printf(" bkbs=");
    948         printf(bpb->bkbs == MAXU16 ? "%#x" : "%u", bpb->bkbs);
    949     }
    950     printf("\n");
    951 }
    952 
    953 /*
    954  * Check a disk geometry value.
    955  */
    956 static u_int ckgeom(const char *fname, u_int val, const char *msg)
    957 {
    958     if (!val)
    959         errx(1, "%s: no default %s", fname, msg);
    960     if (val > MAXU16)
    961         errx(1, "%s: illegal %s %d", fname, msg, val);
    962     return val;
    963 }
    964 
    965 /*
    966  * Convert and check a numeric option argument.
    967  */
    968 static u_int argtou(const char *arg, u_int lo, u_int hi, const char *msg)
    969 {
    970     char *s;
    971     u_long x;
    972 
    973     errno = 0;
    974     x = strtoul(arg, &s, 0);
    975     if (errno || !*arg || *s || x < lo || x > hi)
    976         errx(1, "%s: bad %s", arg, msg);
    977     return x;
    978 }
    979 
    980 /*
    981  * Same for off_t, with optional skmgpP suffix
    982  */
    983 static off_t argtooff(const char *arg, const char *msg)
    984 {
    985     char *s;
    986     off_t x;
    987 
    988     x = strtoll(arg, &s, 0);
    989     /* allow at most one extra char */
    990     if (errno || x < 0 || (s[0] && s[1]) )
    991         errx(1, "%s: bad %s", arg, msg);
    992     if (*s) {    /* the extra char is the multiplier */
    993         switch (*s) {
    994             default:
    995                 errx(1, "%s: bad %s", arg, msg);
    996                 /* notreached */
    997 
    998             case 's':       /* sector */
    999             case 'S':
   1000                 x <<= 9;    /* times 512 */
   1001                 break;
   1002 
   1003             case 'k':       /* kilobyte */
   1004             case 'K':
   1005                 x <<= 10;   /* times 1024 */
   1006                 break;
   1007 
   1008             case 'm':       /* megabyte */
   1009             case 'M':
   1010                 x <<= 20;   /* times 1024*1024 */
   1011                 break;
   1012 
   1013             case 'g':       /* gigabyte */
   1014             case 'G':
   1015                 x <<= 30;   /* times 1024*1024*1024 */
   1016                 break;
   1017 
   1018             case 'p':       /* partition start */
   1019             case 'P':       /* partition start */
   1020             case 'l':       /* partition length */
   1021             case 'L':       /* partition length */
   1022                 errx(1, "%s: not supported yet %s", arg, msg);
   1023                 /* notreached */
   1024         }
   1025     }
   1026     return x;
   1027 }
   1028 
   1029 /*
   1030  * Check a volume label.
   1031  */
   1032 static int oklabel(const char *src)
   1033 {
   1034     int c, i;
   1035 
   1036     for (i = 0; i <= 11; i++) {
   1037         c = (u_char)*src++;
   1038         if (c < ' ' + !i || strchr("\"*+,./:;<=>?[\\]|", c))
   1039             break;
   1040     }
   1041     return i && !c;
   1042 }
   1043 
   1044 /*
   1045  * Make a volume label.
   1046  */
   1047 static void mklabel(u_int8_t *dest, const char *src)
   1048 {
   1049     int c, i;
   1050 
   1051     for (i = 0; i < 11; i++) {
   1052         c = *src ? toupper(*src++) : ' ';
   1053         *dest++ = !i && c == '\xe5' ? 5 : c;
   1054     }
   1055 }
   1056 
   1057 /*
   1058  * Copy string, padding with spaces.
   1059  */
   1060 static void setstr(u_int8_t *dest, const char *src, size_t len)
   1061 {
   1062     while (len--)
   1063         *dest++ = *src ? *src++ : ' ';
   1064 }
   1065 
   1066 /*
   1067  * Print usage message.
   1068  */
   1069 static void usage(void)
   1070 {
   1071     fprintf(stderr,
   1072             "usage: newfs_msdos [ -options ] special [disktype]\n"
   1073             "where the options are:\n"
   1074             "\t-@ create file system at specified offset\n"
   1075             "\t-A Attempt to cluster align root directory\n"
   1076             "\t-B get bootstrap from file\n"
   1077             "\t-C create image file with specified size\n"
   1078             "\t-F FAT type (12, 16, or 32)\n"
   1079             "\t-I volume ID\n"
   1080             "\t-L volume label\n"
   1081             "\t-N don't create file system: just print out parameters\n"
   1082             "\t-O OEM string\n"
   1083             "\t-S bytes/sector\n"
   1084             "\t-a sectors/FAT\n"
   1085             "\t-b block size\n"
   1086             "\t-c sectors/cluster\n"
   1087             "\t-e root directory entries\n"
   1088             "\t-f standard format\n"
   1089             "\t-h drive heads\n"
   1090             "\t-i file system info sector\n"
   1091             "\t-k backup boot sector\n"
   1092             "\t-m media descriptor\n"
   1093             "\t-n number of FATs\n"
   1094             "\t-o hidden sectors\n"
   1095             "\t-r reserved sectors\n"
   1096             "\t-s file system size (sectors)\n"
   1097             "\t-u sectors/track\n");
   1098     exit(1);
   1099 }
   1100