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If the color space of an image is unknown and it is an 8- to 16-bit image format, assuming it is in the sRGB color space is a safe choice. This extends to grayscale as well. We assume non-linear grayscale. These assumptions are overridden if a particular image format includes color space and / or gamma metadata. ImageMagick assumes linear color if the color space is RGB instead of sRGB. You can also override the default color space assumptions with color profiles or the <a href="../www/command-line-processing.html#set">-set</a> option.</p> 86 87 <p>ImageMagick supports color profiles, however, for images without a profile or a declaration of colorspace, ImageMagick assumes non-linear sRGB. Most image processing algorithms assume a linear colorspace, therefore it might be prudent to convert to linear color or remove the gamma function before certain image processing algorithms are applied. For example,</p> 88 89 <pre class="highlight"><code>magick myimage.jpg -colorspace RGB -resize 200% -colorspace sRGB mybigimage.jpg</code></pre> 90 91 <p>To declare that an image is linear RGB rather than sRGB, you can use the set option:</p> 92 93 <pre class="highlight"><code>magick myimage.png -set colorspace RGB myRGBimage.png</code></pre> 94 95 <p>Note that declaring an image as linear is not the same as converting the image to linear. Declaring it is linear only sets the meta data and does not change the pixel data. Whereas converting to linear actually changes the pixel data as described in more detail below.</p> 96 97 <p>Afterwards, the verbose information for the output file lists the colorspace as RGB. This only works on image types containing meta data that distinguishes between linear RGB and non-linear sRGB, such as PNG and GIF. Therefore, if the above command is run with a JPG or TIF output format, the verbose information for the colorspace still shows sRGB. In order to properly have the JPG output know that it is linear RGB, include an appropriate color profile.</p> 98 99 100 <p>By default, converting color images to grayscale returns non-linear gray. To instead convert to linear gray, use the <a href="../www/command-line-processing.html#set">-set</a> or <a href="../www/command-line-processing.html#intensity">-intensity</a 101 > or <a href="../www/command-line-processing.html#grayscale">-grayscale</a 102 > options:</p> 103 104 <pre class="highlight"><code> 105 convert myimage.png -colorspace LinearGray myRGBimage.png 106 convert myimage.png -colorspace RGB -colorspace Gray myRGBimage.png 107 convert myimage.png -intensity Rec709luminance -colorspace gray myRGBimage.png 108 convert myimage.png -grayscale Rec709luminance myRGBimage.png 109 </code></pre> 110 111 <p>Note that LinearGray is new as of Imagemagick 6.9.9-29 and 7.0.7-17.</p> 112 113 <p>The same concept is needed when separating channels. Normally, the conversion to separate each channel of an sRGB color image produces separate non-linear grayscale images. However the same concept can be applied, if it is desired to keep the separate channels as linear grayscale. For example, the following produces linear grayscale channels.</p> 114 115 <pre class="highlight"><code>magick myimage.png -colorspace RGB -separate myimage_channels_%d.png</code></pre> 116 117 <p>When separating and recombining channels, with potential intermediate processing, it is important to identify the colorspace used, especially during the recombination. For example,</p> 118 119 <pre class="highlight"><code>magick myimage.png -separate myimage_channels_%d.png 120 magick myimage_channels_*.png -combine myimage2.png</code></pre> 121 122 <p>In the above example, the separated channels are non-linear and the default for <code>-combine</code> is to assume non-linear channels. So the result is the same as the input.</p> 123 124 If one desires to separate to linear grayscale channels, recombine them later back to non-linear color, perhaps after some processing, then use the same concept as above for maintaining linear grayscale:</p> 125 126 <pre class="highlight"><code>magick myimage.png -set colorspace RGB -separate myimage_channels_%d.png 127 magick myimage_channels_*.png -set colorspace RGB -combine -colorspace sRGB myimage2.png 128 </code></pre> 129 130 <p>When converting to another colorspace and back, such as between sRGB and HSL, the following two commands handle the first case of non-linear channels and the second case of linear channels:</p> 131 132 <pre class="highlight"><code>magick myimage.png -colorspace HSL -separate myimage_channels_%d.png 133 magick myimage_channels_*.png -set colorspace HSL -combine -colorspace sRGB myimage2.png</code></pre> 134 135 <pre class="highlight"><code>magick myimage.png -set colorspace RGB -colorspace HSL -separate myimage_channels_%d.png 136 magick myimage_channels_*.png -set colorspace HSL -combine -colorspace RGB -set colorspace sRGB myimage2.png</code></pre> 137 138 <p>A majority of the image formats assume an sRGB colorspace (e.g. JPEG, PNG, etc.). A few support only linear RGB (e.g. EXR, DPX, CIN, HDR) or only linear GRAY (e.g. PGM). A few formats support CMYK. For example JPG does, but PNG does not. Then there is the occasional format that also supports LAB (that is CieLAB) (e.g. TIFF, PSD, JPG, JP2). For additional information, see the <a href="../www/formats.html#colorspace" >Colorspace</a> and <a href="../www/formats.html#supported" >Supported Formats</a> pages.</p> 139 140 <p>When specifying individual colors as <code>rgb(...)</code> or hex, these colors will still be interpreted as non-linear, that is, as sRGB colors. However if one wants to create linear colors, use <code>icc-color(rgb,r,g,b)"</code>, where <code>r</code>, <code>g</code>, and <code>b</code> are in the range 0 to 1. See the <a href="color.html" >Color</a> page.</p> 141 142 </div> 143 </div> 144 </main><!-- /.container --> 145 <footer class="magick-footer"> 146 <p><a href="../www/security-policy.html">Security</a> 147 <a href="../www/architecture.html">Architecture</a> 148 <a href="../www/links.html">Related</a> 149 <a href="../www/sitemap.html">Sitemap</a> 150 151 <a href="color-management.html#"><img class="d-inline" id="wand" alt="And Now a Touch of Magick" width="16" height="16" src="../images/wand.ico"/></a> 152 153 <a href="http://pgp.mit.edu/pks/lookup?op=get&search=0x89AB63D48277377A">Public Key</a> 154 <a href="../www/support.html">Donate</a> 155 <a href="../www/https://imagemagick.org/script/contact.php">Contact Us</a> 156 <br/> 157 <small> 1999-2019 ImageMagick Studio LLC</small></p> 158 </footer> 159 160 <!-- Javascript assets --> 161 <script src="assets/magick.js" crossorigin="anonymous"></script> 162 <script>window.jQuery || document.write('<script src="https://localhost/ajax/libs/jquery/3.3.1/jquery.min.js"><\/script>')</script> 163 </body> 164 </html> 165
