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     82     <div class="magick-template">
     83 <div class="magick-header">
     84 <p class="lead magick-description">Use the <code>convert</code> program to convert between image formats as well as resize an image, blur, crop, despeckle, dither, draw on, flip, join, re-sample, and much more.   See <a href="command-line-processing.html">Command Line Processing</a> for advice on how to structure your <code>convert</code> command or see below for example usages of the command.</p>
     85 
     86 <p>We list a few examples of the <code>convert</code> command here to illustrate its usefulness and ease of use.  To get started, lets convert an image in the JPEG format to PNG:</p>
     87 
     88 <pre class="highlight"><code>magick convert rose.jpg rose.png
     89 </code></pre>
     90 
     91 <p>Next, we reduce the image size before it is written to the PNG format:</p>
     92 
     93 <pre class="highlight"><code>magick convert rose.jpg -resize 50% rose.png
     94 </code></pre>
     95 
     96 <ul>
     97   <a href="../images/rose.jpg">
     98   <img src="../images/rose.jpg" width="70" height="46" alt="rose" />
     99   </a>
    100   <img style="margin-top:13px; margin-bottom:13px;" src="../images/right.gif" width="20" height="20" alt="==>" />
    101   <a href="../images/rose.png">
    102   <img style="margin-top:11px; margin-bottom:12px;" src="../images/rose.png" width="35" height="23" alt="rose" />
    103   </a>
    104 </ul>
    105 
    106 <p>You can combine multiple image-processing operations to produce complex results:</p>
    107 
    108 <pre class="highlight"><code>magick convert -size 320x85 canvas:none -font Bookman-DemiItalic -pointsize 72 \
    109   -draw "text 25,60 \'Magick\'" -channel RGBA -blur 0x6 -fill darkred -stroke magenta \
    110   -draw "text 20,55 \'Magick\'" fuzzy-magick.png
    111 </code></pre>
    112 
    113 <ul>
    114   <a href="../images/fuzzy-magick.png"><img src="../images/fuzzy-magick.png" width="320" height="85" alt="fuzzy-magick" /></a>
    115 </ul>
    116 
    117 <p>or here we resize an image with improved quality:</p>
    118 
    119 <pre class="highlight"><code>magick convert input.png -colorspace RGB +sigmoidal-contrast 11.6933 \
    120   -define filter:filter=Sinc -define filter:window=Jinc -define filter:lobes=3 \
    121   -resize 400% -sigmoidal-contrast 11.6933 -colorspace sRGB output.png');
    122 </code></pre>
    123 
    124 <p>You can find additional examples of using <code>convert</code> in <a href="../Usage/">Examples of ImageMagick Usage</a>.</p>
    125 
    126 <h2><a class="anchor" id="options"></a>Option Summary</h2>
    127 
    128 <p>The <code>convert</code> command recognizes these options.  Click on an option to get more details about how that option works.</p>
    129 
    130 <div class="table-responsive">
    131 <table class="table table-sm table-striped">
    132   <tr>
    133     <td><a href="command-line-options.html#adaptive-blur">-adaptive-blur <var>geometry</var></a></td>
    134     <td>adaptively blur pixels; decrease effect near edges</td>
    135   </tr>
    136 
    137   <tr>
    138     <td><a href="command-line-options.html#adaptive-resize">-adaptive-resize <var>geometry</var></a></td>
    139     <td>adaptively resize image with data dependent triangulation.</td>
    140   </tr>
    141 
    142   <tr>
    143     <td><a href="command-line-options.html#adaptive-sharpen">-adaptive-sharpen <var>geometry</var></a></td>
    144     <td>adaptively sharpen pixels; increase effect near edges</td>
    145   </tr>
    146 
    147   <tr>
    148     <td><a href="command-line-options.html#adjoin">-adjoin</a></td>
    149     <td>join images into a single multi-image file</td>
    150   </tr>
    151 
    152   <tr>
    153     <td><a href="command-line-options.html#affine">-affine <var>matrix</var></a></td>
    154     <td>affine transform matrix</td>
    155   </tr>
    156 
    157   <tr>
    158     <td><a href="command-line-options.html#alpha">-alpha</a></td>
    159     <td>on, activate, off, deactivate, set, opaque, copy",
    160 transparent, extract, background, or shape the alpha channel</td>
    161   </tr>
    162 
    163   <tr>
    164     <td><a href="command-line-options.html#annotate">-annotate <var>geometry text</var></a></td>
    165     <td>annotate the image with text</td>
    166   </tr>
    167 
    168   <tr>
    169     <td><a href="command-line-options.html#antialias">-antialias</a></td>
    170     <td>remove pixel-aliasing</td>
    171   </tr>
    172 
    173   <tr>
    174     <td><a href="command-line-options.html#append">-append</a></td>
    175     <td>append an image sequence</td>
    176   </tr>
    177 
    178   <tr>
    179     <td><a href="command-line-options.html#authenticate">-authenticate <var>value</var></a></td>
    180     <td>decipher image with this password</td>
    181   </tr>
    182 
    183   <tr>
    184     <td><a href="command-line-options.html#auto-gamma">-auto-gamma</a></td>
    185     <td>automagically adjust gamma level of image</td>
    186   </tr>
    187 
    188   <tr>
    189     <td><a href="command-line-options.html#auto-level">-auto-level</a></td>
    190     <td>automagically adjust color levels of image</td>
    191   </tr>
    192 
    193   <tr>
    194     <td><a href="command-line-options.html#auto-orient">-auto-orient</a></td>
    195     <td>automagically orient image</td>
    196   </tr>
    197 
    198   <tr>
    199     <td><a href="command-line-options.html#auto-threshold">-auto-threshold <var>method</var></a></td>
    200     <td>automatically perform image thresholding</td>
    201   </tr>
    202 
    203   <tr>
    204     <td><a href="command-line-options.html#background">-background <var>color</var></a></td>
    205     <td>background color</td>
    206   </tr>
    207 
    208   <tr>
    209     <td><a href="command-line-options.html#bench">-bench <var>iterations</var></a></td>
    210     <td>measure performance</td>
    211   </tr>
    212 
    213   <tr>
    214     <td><a href="command-line-options.html#bias">-bias <var>value</var></a></td>
    215     <td>add bias when convolving an image</td>
    216   </tr>
    217 
    218   <tr>
    219     <td><a href="command-line-options.html#black-threshold">-black-threshold <var>value</var></a></td>
    220     <td>force all pixels below the threshold into black</td>
    221   </tr>
    222 
    223   <tr>
    224     <td><a href="command-line-options.html#blue-primary">-blue-primary <var>point</var></a></td>
    225     <td>chromaticity blue primary point</td>
    226   </tr>
    227 
    228   <tr>
    229     <td><a href="command-line-options.html#blue-shift">-blue-shift <var>factor</var></a></td>
    230     <td>simulate a scene at nighttime in the moonlight</td>
    231   </tr>
    232 
    233   <tr>
    234     <td><a href="command-line-options.html#blur">-blur <var>geometry</var></a></td>
    235     <td>reduce image noise and reduce detail levels</td>
    236   </tr>
    237 
    238   <tr>
    239     <td><a href="command-line-options.html#border">-border <var>geometry</var></a></td>
    240     <td>surround image with a border of color</td>
    241   </tr>
    242 
    243   <tr>
    244     <td><a href="command-line-options.html#bordercolor">-bordercolor <var>color</var></a></td>
    245     <td>border color</td>
    246   </tr>
    247 
    248   <tr>
    249     <td><a href="command-line-options.html#brightness-contrast">-brightness-contrast <var>geometry</var></a></td>
    250     <td>improve brightness / contrast of the image</td>
    251   </tr>
    252 
    253   <tr>
    254     <td><a href="command-line-options.html#canny">-canny <var>geometry</var></a></td>
    255     <td>use a multi-stage algorithm to detect a wide range of edges in the image</td>
    256   </tr>
    257 
    258   <tr>
    259     <td><a href="command-line-options.html#caption">-caption <var>string</var></a></td>
    260     <td>assign a caption to an image</td>
    261   </tr>
    262 
    263   <tr>
    264     <td><a href="command-line-options.html#cdl">-cdl <var>filename</var></a></td>
    265     <td>color correct with a color decision list</td>
    266   </tr>
    267 
    268   <tr>
    269     <td><a href="command-line-options.html#channel">-channel <var>type</var></a></td>
    270     <td>apply option to select image channels</td>
    271   </tr>
    272 
    273   <tr>
    274     <td><a href="command-line-options.html#charcoal">-charcoal <var>radius</var></a></td>
    275     <td>simulate a charcoal drawing</td>
    276   </tr>
    277 
    278   <tr>
    279     <td><a href="command-line-options.html#chop">-chop <var>geometry</var></a></td>
    280     <td>remove pixels from the image interior</td>
    281   </tr>
    282 
    283   <tr>
    284     <td><a href="command-line-options.html#clahe">-clahe <var>geometry</var></a></td>
    285     <td>contrast limited adaptive histogram equalization</td>
    286   </tr>
    287 
    288   <tr>
    289     <td><a href="command-line-options.html#clamp">-clamp</a></td>
    290     <td>set each pixel whose value is below zero to zero and any the pixel whose value is above the quantum range to the quantum range (e.g. 65535) otherwise the pixel value remains unchanged.</td>
    291   </tr>
    292 
    293   <tr>
    294     <td><a href="command-line-options.html#clip">-clip</a></td>
    295     <td>clip along the first path from the 8BIM profile</td>
    296   </tr>
    297 
    298   <tr>
    299     <td><a href="command-line-options.html#clip-mask">-clip-mask</a> <var>filename</var></td>
    300     <td>associate clip mask with the image</td>
    301   </tr>
    302 
    303   <tr>
    304     <td><a href="command-line-options.html#clip-path">-clip-path <var>id</var></a></td>
    305     <td>clip along a named path from the 8BIM profile</td>
    306   </tr>
    307 
    308   <tr>
    309     <td><a href="command-line-options.html#clone">-clone <var>index</var></a></td>
    310     <td>clone an image</td>
    311   </tr>
    312 
    313   <tr>
    314     <td><a href="command-line-options.html#clut">-clut</a></td>
    315     <td>apply a color lookup table to the image</td>
    316   </tr>
    317 
    318   <tr>
    319     <td><a href="command-line-options.html#connected-components">-connected-components <var>connectivity</var></a></td>
    320     <td>connected-components uniquely labeled, choose from 4 or 8 way connectivity</td>
    321   </tr>
    322 
    323   <tr>
    324     <td><a href="command-line-options.html#contrast-stretch">-contrast-stretch <var>geometry</var></a></td>
    325     <td>improve the contrast in an image by `stretching' the range of intensity value</td>
    326   </tr>
    327 
    328   <tr>
    329     <td><a href="command-line-options.html#coalesce">-coalesce</a></td>
    330     <td>merge a sequence of images</td>
    331   </tr>
    332 
    333   <tr>
    334     <td><a href="command-line-options.html#colorize">-colorize <var>value</var></a></td>
    335     <td>colorize the image with the fill color</td>
    336   </tr>
    337 
    338   <tr>
    339     <td><a href="command-line-options.html#color-matrix">-color-matrix <var>matrix</var></a></td>
    340     <td>apply color correction to the image.</td>
    341   </tr>
    342 
    343   <tr>
    344     <td><a href="command-line-options.html#colors">-colors <var>value</var></a></td>
    345     <td>preferred number of colors in the image</td>
    346   </tr>
    347 
    348   <tr>
    349     <td><a href="command-line-options.html#colorspace">-colorspace <var>type</var></a></td>
    350     <td>set image colorspace</td>
    351   </tr>
    352 
    353   <tr>
    354     <td><a href="command-line-options.html#combine">-combine</a></td>
    355     <td>combine a sequence of images</td>
    356   </tr>
    357 
    358   <tr>
    359     <td><a href="command-line-options.html#comment">-comment <var>string</var></a></td>
    360     <td>annotate image with comment</td>
    361   </tr>
    362 
    363   <tr>
    364     <td><a href="command-line-options.html#compare">-compare</a></td>
    365     <td>compare image</td>
    366   </tr>
    367 
    368   <tr>
    369     <td><a href="command-line-options.html#complex">-complex<var>operator</var></a></td>
    370     <td>perform complex mathematics on an image sequence</td>
    371   </tr>
    372 
    373   <tr>
    374     <td><a href="command-line-options.html#compose">-compose <var>operator</var></a></td>
    375     <td>set image composite operator</td>
    376   </tr>
    377 
    378   <tr>
    379     <td><a href="command-line-options.html#composite">-composite</a></td>
    380     <td>composite image</td>
    381   </tr>
    382 
    383   <tr>
    384     <td><a href="command-line-options.html#compress">-compress <var>type</var></a></td>
    385     <td>image compression type</td>
    386   </tr>
    387 
    388   <tr>
    389     <td><a href="command-line-options.html#contrast">-contrast</a></td>
    390     <td>enhance or reduce the image contrast</td>
    391   </tr>
    392 
    393   <tr>
    394     <td><a href="command-line-options.html#convolve">-convolve <var>coefficients</var></a></td>
    395     <td>apply a convolution kernel to the image</td>
    396   </tr>
    397 
    398   <tr>
    399     <td><a href="command-line-options.html#copy">-copy <var>geometry</var> <var>offset</var></a></td>
    400     <td>copy pixels from one area of an image to another</td>
    401   </tr>
    402 
    403   <tr>
    404     <td><a href="command-line-options.html#crop">-crop <var>geometry</var></a></td>
    405     <td>crop the image</td>
    406   </tr>
    407 
    408   <tr>
    409     <td><a href="command-line-options.html#cycle">-cycle <var>amount</var></a></td>
    410     <td>cycle the image colormap</td>
    411   </tr>
    412 
    413   <tr>
    414     <td><a href="command-line-options.html#decipher">-decipher <var>filename</var></a></td>
    415     <td>convert cipher pixels to plain</td>
    416   </tr>
    417 
    418   <tr>
    419     <td><a href="command-line-options.html#debug">-debug <var>events</var></a></td>
    420     <td>display copious debugging information</td>
    421   </tr>
    422 
    423   <tr>
    424     <td><a href="command-line-options.html#define">-define <var>format:option</var></a></td>
    425     <td>define one or more image format options</td>
    426   </tr>
    427 
    428   <tr>
    429     <td><a href="command-line-options.html#deconstruct">-deconstruct</a></td>
    430     <td>break down an image sequence into constituent parts</td>
    431   </tr>
    432 
    433   <tr>
    434     <td><a href="command-line-options.html#delay">-delay <var>value</var></a></td>
    435     <td>display the next image after pausing</td>
    436   </tr>
    437 
    438   <tr>
    439     <td><a href="command-line-options.html#delete">-delete <var>index</var></a></td>
    440     <td>delete the image from the image sequence</td>
    441   </tr>
    442 
    443   <tr>
    444     <td><a href="command-line-options.html#density">-density <var>geometry</var></a></td>
    445     <td>horizontal and vertical density of the image</td>
    446   </tr>
    447 
    448   <tr>
    449     <td><a href="command-line-options.html#depth">-depth <var>value</var></a></td>
    450     <td>image depth</td>
    451   </tr>
    452 
    453   <tr>
    454     <td><a href="command-line-options.html#despeckle">-despeckle</a></td>
    455     <td>reduce the speckles within an image</td>
    456   </tr>
    457 
    458   <tr>
    459     <td><a href="command-line-options.html#direction">-direction <var>type</var></a></td>
    460     <td>render text right-to-left or left-to-right</td>
    461   </tr>
    462 
    463   <tr>
    464     <td><a href="command-line-options.html#display">-display <var>server</var></a></td>
    465     <td>get image or font from this X server</td>
    466   </tr>
    467 
    468   <tr>
    469     <td><a href="command-line-options.html#dispose">-dispose <var>method</var></a></td>
    470     <td>layer disposal method</td>
    471   </tr>
    472 
    473   <tr>
    474     <td><a href="command-line-options.html#distribute-cache">-distribute-cache <var>port</var></a></td>
    475     <td>launch a distributed pixel cache server</td>
    476   </tr>
    477 
    478   <tr>
    479     <td><a href="command-line-options.html#distort">-distort <var>type coefficients</var></a></td>
    480     <td>distort image</td>
    481   </tr>
    482 
    483   <tr>
    484     <td><a href="command-line-options.html#dither">-dither  <var>method</var></a></td>
    485     <td>apply error diffusion to image</td>
    486   </tr>
    487 
    488   <tr>
    489     <td><a href="command-line-options.html#draw">-draw <var>string</var></a></td>
    490     <td>annotate the image with a graphic primitive</td>
    491   </tr>
    492 
    493   <tr>
    494     <td><a href="command-line-options.html#duplicate">-duplicate <var>count,indexes</var></a></td>
    495     <td>duplicate an image one or more times</td>
    496   </tr>
    497 
    498   <tr>
    499     <td><a href="command-line-options.html#edge">-edge <var>radius</var></a></td>
    500     <td>apply a filter to detect edges in the image</td>
    501   </tr>
    502 
    503   <tr>
    504     <td><a href="command-line-options.html#emboss">-emboss <var>radius</var></a></td>
    505     <td>emboss an image</td>
    506   </tr>
    507 
    508   <tr>
    509     <td><a href="command-line-options.html#encipher">-encipher <var>filename</var></a></td>
    510     <td>convert plain pixels to cipher pixels</td>
    511   </tr>
    512 
    513   <tr>
    514     <td><a href="command-line-options.html#encoding">-encoding <var>type</var></a></td>
    515     <td>text encoding type</td>
    516   </tr>
    517 
    518   <tr>
    519     <td><a href="command-line-options.html#endian">-endian <var>type</var></a></td>
    520     <td>endianness (MSB or LSB) of the image</td>
    521   </tr>
    522 
    523   <tr>
    524     <td><a href="command-line-options.html#enhance">-enhance</a></td>
    525     <td>apply a digital filter to enhance a noisy image</td>
    526   </tr>
    527 
    528   <tr>
    529     <td><a href="command-line-options.html#equalize">-equalize</a></td>
    530     <td>perform histogram equalization to an image</td>
    531   </tr>
    532 
    533   <tr>
    534     <td><a href="command-line-options.html#evaluate">-evaluate <var>operator value</var></a></td>
    535     <td>evaluate an arithmetic, relational, or logical expression</td>
    536   </tr>
    537 
    538   <tr>
    539     <td><a href="command-line-options.html#evaluate-sequence">-evaluate-sequence <var>operator</var></a></td>
    540     <td>evaluate an arithmetic, relational, or logical expression for an image sequence</td>
    541   </tr>
    542 
    543   <tr>
    544     <td><a href="command-line-options.html#extent">-extent <var>geometry</var></a></td>
    545     <td>set the image size</td>
    546   </tr>
    547 
    548   <tr>
    549     <td><a href="command-line-options.html#extract">-extract <var>geometry</var></a></td>
    550     <td>extract area from image</td>
    551   </tr>
    552 
    553   <tr>
    554     <td><a href="command-line-options.html#family">-family <var>name</var></a></td>
    555     <td>render text with this font family</td>
    556   </tr>
    557 
    558   <tr>
    559     <td><a href="command-line-options.html#features">-features <var>distance</var></a></td>
    560     <td>analyze image features (e.g. contract, correlations, etc.).</td>
    561   </tr>
    562 
    563   <tr>
    564     <td><a href="command-line-options.html#fft">-fft</a></td>
    565     <td>implements the discrete Fourier transform (DFT)</td>
    566   </tr>
    567 
    568   <tr>
    569     <td><a href="command-line-options.html#fill">-fill <var>color</var></a></td>
    570     <td>color to use when filling a graphic primitive</td>
    571   </tr>
    572 
    573   <tr>
    574     <td><a href="command-line-options.html#filter">-filter <var>type</var></a></td>
    575     <td>use this filter when resizing an image</td>
    576   </tr>
    577 
    578   <tr>
    579     <td><a href="command-line-options.html#flatten">-flatten</a></td>
    580     <td>flatten a sequence of images</td>
    581   </tr>
    582 
    583   <tr>
    584     <td><a href="command-line-options.html#flip">-flip</a></td>
    585     <td>flip image in the vertical direction</td>
    586   </tr>
    587 
    588   <tr>
    589     <td><a href="command-line-options.html#floodfill">-floodfill <var>geometry color</var></a></td>
    590     <td>floodfill the image with color</td>
    591   </tr>
    592 
    593   <tr>
    594     <td><a href="command-line-options.html#flop">-flop</a></td>
    595     <td>flop image in the horizontal direction</td>
    596   </tr>
    597 
    598   <tr>
    599     <td><a href="command-line-options.html#font">-font <var>name</var></a></td>
    600     <td>render text with this font</td>
    601   </tr>
    602 
    603   <tr>
    604     <td><a href="command-line-options.html#format_identify_">-format <var>string</var></a></td>
    605     <td>output formatted image characteristics</td>
    606   </tr>
    607 
    608   <tr>
    609     <td><a href="command-line-options.html#frame">-frame <var>geometry</var></a></td>
    610     <td>surround image with an ornamental border</td>
    611   </tr>
    612 
    613   <tr>
    614     <td><a href="command-line-options.html#function">-function <var>name</var></a></td>
    615     <td>apply a function to the image</td>
    616   </tr>
    617 
    618   <tr>
    619     <td><a href="command-line-options.html#fuzz">-fuzz <var>distance</var></a></td>
    620     <td>colors within this distance are considered equal</td>
    621   </tr>
    622 
    623   <tr>
    624     <td><a href="command-line-options.html#fx">-fx <var>expression</var></a></td>
    625     <td>apply mathematical expression to an image channel(s)</td>
    626   </tr>
    627 
    628   <tr>
    629     <td><a href="command-line-options.html#gamma">-gamma <var>value</var></a></td>
    630     <td>level of gamma correction</td>
    631   </tr>
    632 
    633   <tr>
    634     <td><a href="command-line-options.html#gaussian-blur">-gaussian-blur <var>geometry</var></a></td>
    635     <td>reduce image noise and reduce detail levels</td>
    636   </tr>
    637 
    638   <tr>
    639     <td><a href="command-line-options.html#geometry">-geometry <var>geometry</var></a></td>
    640     <td>preferred size or location of the image</td>
    641   </tr>
    642 
    643   <tr>
    644     <td><a href="command-line-options.html#gravity">-gravity <var>type</var></a></td>
    645     <td>horizontal and vertical text placement</td>
    646   </tr>
    647 
    648   <tr>
    649     <td><a href="command-line-options.html#grayscale">-grayscale <var>method</var></a></td>
    650     <td>convert image to grayscale</td>
    651   </tr>
    652 
    653   <tr>
    654     <td><a href="command-line-options.html#green-primary">-green-primary <var>point</var></a></td>
    655     <td>chromaticity green primary point</td>
    656   </tr>
    657 
    658   <tr>
    659     <td><a href="command-line-options.html#help">-help</a></td>
    660     <td>print program options</td>
    661   </tr>
    662 
    663   <tr>
    664     <td><a href="command-line-options.html#hough-lines">-hough-lines <var>geometry</var></a></td>
    665     <td>identify lines in the image</td>
    666   </tr>
    667 
    668   <tr>
    669     <td><a href="command-line-options.html#identify">-identify</a></td>
    670     <td>identify the format and characteristics of the image</td>
    671   </tr>
    672 
    673   <tr>
    674     <td><a href="command-line-options.html#ift">-ift</a></td>
    675     <td>implements the inverse discrete Fourier transform (DFT)</td>
    676   </tr>
    677 
    678   <tr>
    679     <td><a href="command-line-options.html#implode">-implode <var>amount</var></a></td>
    680     <td>implode image pixels about the center</td>
    681   </tr>
    682 
    683   <tr>
    684     <td><a href="command-line-options.html#insert">-insert <var>index</var></a></td>
    685     <td>insert last image into the image sequence</td>
    686   </tr>
    687 
    688   <tr>
    689     <td><a href="command-line-options.html#intensity">-intensity <var>method</var></a></td>
    690     <td>method to generate an intensity value from a pixel</td>
    691   </tr>
    692 
    693   <tr>
    694     <td><a href="command-line-options.html#intent">-intent <var>type</var></a></td>
    695     <td>type of rendering intent when managing the image color</td>
    696   </tr>
    697 
    698   <tr>
    699     <td><a href="command-line-options.html#interlace">-interlace <var>type</var></a></td>
    700     <td>type of image interlacing scheme</td>
    701   </tr>
    702 
    703   <tr>
    704     <td><a href="command-line-options.html#interline-spacing">-interline-spacing <var>value</var></a></td>
    705     <td>the space between two text lines</td>
    706   </tr>
    707 
    708   <tr>
    709     <td><a href="command-line-options.html#interpolate">-interpolate <var>method</var></a></td>
    710     <td>pixel color interpolation method</td>
    711   </tr>
    712 
    713   <tr>
    714     <td><a href="command-line-options.html#interword-spacing">-interword-spacing <var>value</var></a></td>
    715     <td>the space between two words</td>
    716   </tr>
    717 
    718   <tr>
    719     <td><a href="command-line-options.html#kerning">-kerning <var>value</var></a></td>
    720     <td>the space between two characters</td>
    721   </tr>
    722 
    723   <tr>
    724     <td><a href="command-line-options.html#kuwahara">-kuwahara <var>geometry</var></a></td>
    725     <td>edge preserving noise reduction filter</td>
    726   </tr>
    727 
    728   <tr>
    729     <td><a href="command-line-options.html#label">-label <var>string</var></a></td>
    730     <td>assign a label to an image</td>
    731   </tr>
    732 
    733   <tr>
    734     <td><a href="command-line-options.html#lat">-lat <var>geometry</var></a></td>
    735     <td>local adaptive thresholding</td>
    736   </tr>
    737 
    738   <tr>
    739     <td><a href="command-line-options.html#layers">-layers <var>method</var></a></td>
    740     <td>optimize or compare image layers</td>
    741   </tr>
    742 
    743   <tr>
    744     <td><a href="command-line-options.html#level">-level <var>value</var></a></td>
    745     <td>adjust the level of image contrast</td>
    746   </tr>
    747 
    748   <tr>
    749     <td><a href="command-line-options.html#limit">-limit <var>type value</var></a></td>
    750     <td>pixel cache resource limit</td>
    751   </tr>
    752 
    753   <tr>
    754     <td><a href="command-line-options.html#linear-stretch">-linear-stretch <var>geometry</var></a></td>
    755     <td>linear with saturation histogram stretch</td>
    756   </tr>
    757 
    758   <tr>
    759     <td><a href="command-line-options.html#liquid-rescale">-liquid-rescale <var>geometry</var></a></td>
    760     <td>rescale image with seam-carving</td>
    761   </tr>
    762 
    763   <tr>
    764     <td><a href="command-line-options.html#list">-list <var>type</var></a></td>
    765     <td>Color, Configure, Delegate, Format, Magic, Module, Resource, or Type</td>
    766   </tr>
    767 
    768   <tr>
    769     <td><a href="command-line-options.html#log">-log <var>format</var></a></td>
    770     <td>format of debugging information</td>
    771   </tr>
    772 
    773   <tr>
    774     <td><a href="command-line-options.html#loop">-loop <var>iterations</var></a></td>
    775     <td>add Netscape loop extension to your GIF animation</td>
    776   </tr>
    777 
    778   <tr>
    779     <td><a href="command-line-options.html#mattecolor">-mattecolor <var>color</var></a></td>
    780     <td>frame color</td>
    781   </tr>
    782 
    783   <tr>
    784     <td><a href="command-line-options.html#median">-median <var>radius</var></a></td>
    785     <td>apply a median filter to the image</td>
    786   </tr>
    787 
    788   <tr>
    789     <td><a href="command-line-options.html#mean-shift">-mean-shift <var>geometry</var></a></td>
    790     <td>delineate arbitrarily shaped clusters in the image</td>
    791   </tr>
    792 
    793   <tr>
    794     <td><a href="command-line-options.html#metric">-metric <var>type</var></a></td>
    795     <td>measure differences between images with this metric</td>
    796   </tr>
    797 
    798   <tr>
    799     <td><a href="command-line-options.html#mode">-mode <var>radius</var></a></td>
    800     <td>make each pixel the 'predominant color' of the neighborhood</td>
    801   </tr>
    802 
    803   <tr>
    804     <td><a href="command-line-options.html#modulate">-modulate <var>value</var></a></td>
    805     <td>vary the brightness, saturation, and hue</td>
    806   </tr>
    807 
    808   <tr>
    809     <td><a href="command-line-options.html#moments">-moments</a></td>
    810     <td>display image moments.</td>
    811   </tr>
    812 
    813   <tr>
    814     <td><a href="command-line-options.html#monitor">-monitor</a></td>
    815     <td>monitor progress</td>
    816   </tr>
    817 
    818   <tr>
    819     <td><a href="command-line-options.html#monochrome">-monochrome</a></td>
    820     <td>transform image to black and white</td>
    821   </tr>
    822 
    823   <tr>
    824     <td><a href="command-line-options.html#morph">-morph <var>value</var></a></td>
    825     <td>morph an image sequence</td>
    826   </tr>
    827 
    828   <tr>
    829     <td><a href="command-line-options.html#morphology">-morphology <var>method</var></a> <var>kernel</var></td>
    830     <td>apply a morphology method to the image</td>
    831   </tr>
    832 
    833   <tr>
    834     <td><a href="command-line-options.html#motion-blur">-motion-blur <var>geometry</var></a></td>
    835     <td>simulate motion blur</td>
    836   </tr>
    837 
    838   <tr>
    839     <td><a href="command-line-options.html#negate">-negate</a></td>
    840     <td>replace each pixel with its complementary color </td>
    841   </tr>
    842 
    843   <tr>
    844     <td><a href="command-line-options.html#noise">-noise <var>radius</var></a></td>
    845     <td>add or reduce noise in an image</td>
    846   </tr>
    847 
    848   <tr>
    849     <td><a href="command-line-options.html#normalize">-normalize</a></td>
    850     <td>transform image to span the full range of colors</td>
    851   </tr>
    852 
    853   <tr>
    854     <td><a href="command-line-options.html#opaque">-opaque <var>color</var></a></td>
    855     <td>change this color to the fill color</td>
    856   </tr>
    857 
    858   <tr>
    859     <td><a href="command-line-options.html#ordered-dither">-ordered-dither <var>NxN</var></a></td>
    860     <td>ordered dither the image</td>
    861   </tr>
    862 
    863   <tr>
    864     <td><a href="command-line-options.html#orient">-orient <var>type</var></a></td>
    865     <td>image orientation</td>
    866   </tr>
    867 
    868   <tr>
    869     <td><a href="command-line-options.html#page">-page <var>geometry</var></a></td>
    870     <td>size and location of an image canvas (setting)</td>
    871   </tr>
    872 
    873   <tr>
    874     <td><a href="command-line-options.html#paint">-paint <var>radius</var></a></td>
    875     <td>simulate an oil painting</td>
    876   </tr>
    877 
    878   <tr>
    879     <td><a href="command-line-options.html#perceptible">-perceptible</a></td>
    880     <td>set each pixel whose value is less than |<var>epsilon</var>| to <var>-epsilon</var> or <var>epsilon</var> (whichever is closer) otherwise the pixel value remains unchanged.</td>
    881   </tr>
    882 
    883   <tr>
    884     <td><a href="command-line-options.html#ping">-ping</a></td>
    885     <td>efficiently determine image attributes</td>
    886   </tr>
    887 
    888   <tr>
    889     <td><a href="command-line-options.html#pointsize">-pointsize <var>value</var></a></td>
    890     <td>font point size</td>
    891   </tr>
    892 
    893   <tr>
    894     <td><a href="command-line-options.html#polaroid">-polaroid <var>angle</var></a></td>
    895     <td>simulate a Polaroid picture</td>
    896   </tr>
    897 
    898   <tr>
    899     <td><a href="command-line-options.html#poly">-poly <var>terms</var></a></td>
    900     <td>build a polynomial from the image sequence and the corresponding terms (coefficients and degree pairs).</td>
    901   </tr>
    902 
    903   <tr>
    904     <td><a href="command-line-options.html#posterize">-posterize <var>levels</var></a></td>
    905     <td>reduce the image to a limited number of color levels</td>
    906   </tr>
    907 
    908   <tr>
    909     <td><a href="command-line-options.html#precision">-precision <var>value</var></a></td>
    910     <td>set the maximum number of significant digits to be printed</td>
    911   </tr>
    912 
    913   <tr>
    914     <td><a href="command-line-options.html#preview">-preview <var>type</var></a></td>
    915     <td>image preview type</td>
    916   </tr>
    917 
    918   <tr>
    919     <td><a href="command-line-options.html#print">-print <var>string</var></a></td>
    920     <td>interpret string and print to console</td>
    921   </tr>
    922 
    923   <tr>
    924     <td><a href="command-line-options.html#process">-process <var>image-filter</var></a></td>
    925     <td>process the image with a custom image filter</td>
    926   </tr>
    927 
    928   <tr>
    929     <td><a href="command-line-options.html#profile">-profile <var>filename</var></a></td>
    930     <td>add, delete, or apply an image profile</td>
    931   </tr>
    932 
    933   <tr>
    934     <td><a href="command-line-options.html#quality">-quality <var>value</var></a></td>
    935     <td>JPEG/MIFF/PNG compression level</td>
    936   </tr>
    937 
    938   <tr>
    939     <td><a href="command-line-options.html#quantize">-quantize <var>colorspace</var></a></td>
    940     <td>reduce image colors in this colorspace</td>
    941   </tr>
    942 
    943   <tr>
    944     <td><a href="command-line-options.html#quiet">-quiet</a></td>
    945     <td>suppress all warning messages</td>
    946   </tr>
    947 
    948   <tr>
    949     <td><a href="command-line-options.html#radial-blur">-radial-blur <var>angle</var></a></td>
    950     <td>radial blur the image</td>
    951   </tr>
    952 
    953   <tr>
    954     <td><a href="command-line-options.html#raise">-raise <var>value</var></a></td>
    955     <td>lighten/darken image edges to create a 3-D effect</td>
    956   </tr>
    957 
    958   <tr>
    959     <td><a href="command-line-options.html#random-threshold">-random-threshold <var>low, high</var></a></td>
    960     <td>random threshold the image</td>
    961   </tr>
    962 
    963   <tr>
    964     <td><a href="command-line-options.html#range-threshold">-range-threshold <var>low-black, low-white, high-white, high-black</var></a></td>
    965     <td>perform either hard or soft thresholding within some range of values in an image</td>
    966   </tr>
    967 
    968   <tr>
    969     <td><a href="command-line-options.html#read-mask">-read-mask <var>filename</var></a></td>
    970     <td>associate a read mask with the image</td>
    971   </tr>
    972 
    973   <tr>
    974     <td><a href="command-line-options.html#red-primary">-red-primary <var>point</var></a></td>
    975     <td>chromaticity red primary point</td>
    976   </tr>
    977 
    978   <tr>
    979     <td><a href="command-line-options.html#regard-warnings">-regard-warnings</a></td>
    980     <td>pay attention to warning messages.</td>
    981   </tr>
    982 
    983   <tr>
    984     <td><a href="command-line-options.html#region">-region <var>geometry</var></a></td>
    985     <td>apply options to a portion of the image</td>
    986   </tr>
    987 
    988   <tr>
    989     <td><a href="command-line-options.html#remap">-remap <var>filename</var></a></td>
    990     <td>transform image colors to match this set of colors</td>
    991   </tr>
    992 
    993   <tr>
    994     <td><a href="command-line-options.html#render">-render</a></td>
    995     <td>render vector graphics</td>
    996   </tr>
    997 
    998   <tr>
    999     <td><a href="command-line-options.html#repage">-repage <var>geometry</var></a></td>
   1000     <td>size and location of an image canvas</td>
   1001   </tr>
   1002 
   1003   <tr>
   1004     <td><a href="command-line-options.html#resample">-resample <var>geometry</var></a></td>
   1005     <td>change the resolution of an image</td>
   1006   </tr>
   1007 
   1008   <tr>
   1009     <td><a href="command-line-options.html#resize">-resize <var>geometry</var></a></td>
   1010     <td>resize the image</td>
   1011   </tr>
   1012 
   1013   <tr>
   1014     <td><a href="command-line-options.html#respect-parentheses">-respect-parentheses</a></td>
   1015     <td>settings remain in effect until parenthesis boundary.</td>
   1016   </tr>
   1017 
   1018   <tr>
   1019     <td><a href="command-line-options.html#roll">-roll <var>geometry</var></a></td>
   1020     <td>roll an image vertically or horizontally</td>
   1021   </tr>
   1022 
   1023   <tr>
   1024     <td><a href="command-line-options.html#rotate">-rotate <var>degrees</var></a></td>
   1025     <td>apply Paeth rotation to the image</td>
   1026   </tr>
   1027 
   1028   <tr>
   1029     <td><a href="command-line-options.html#sample">-sample <var>geometry</var></a></td>
   1030     <td>scale image with pixel sampling</td>
   1031   </tr>
   1032 
   1033   <tr>
   1034     <td><a href="command-line-options.html#sampling-factor">-sampling-factor <var>geometry</var></a></td>
   1035     <td>horizontal and vertical sampling factor</td>
   1036   </tr>
   1037 
   1038   <tr>
   1039     <td><a href="command-line-options.html#scale">-scale <var>geometry</var></a></td>
   1040     <td>scale the image</td>
   1041   </tr>
   1042 
   1043   <tr>
   1044     <td><a href="command-line-options.html#scene">-scene <var>value</var></a></td>
   1045     <td>image scene number</td>
   1046   </tr>
   1047 
   1048   <tr>
   1049     <td><a href="command-line-options.html#seed">-seed <var>value</var></a></td>
   1050     <td>seed a new sequence of pseudo-random numbers</td>
   1051   </tr>
   1052 
   1053   <tr>
   1054     <td><a href="command-line-options.html#segment">-segment <var>values</var></a></td>
   1055     <td>segment an image</td>
   1056   </tr>
   1057 
   1058   <tr>
   1059     <td><a href="command-line-options.html#threshold">-selective-blur <var>geometry</var></a></td>
   1060     <td>selectively blur pixels within a contrast threshold</td>
   1061   </tr>
   1062 
   1063   <tr>
   1064     <td><a href="command-line-options.html#separate">-separate</a></td>
   1065     <td>separate an image channel into a grayscale image</td>
   1066   </tr>
   1067 
   1068   <tr>
   1069     <td><a href="command-line-options.html#sepia-tone">-sepia-tone <var>threshold</var></a></td>
   1070     <td>simulate a sepia-toned photo</td>
   1071   </tr>
   1072 
   1073   <tr>
   1074     <td><a href="command-line-options.html#set">-set <var>attribute value</var></a></td>
   1075     <td>set an image attribute</td>
   1076   </tr>
   1077 
   1078   <tr>
   1079     <td><a href="command-line-options.html#shade">-shade <var>degrees</var></a></td>
   1080     <td>shade the image using a distant light source</td>
   1081   </tr>
   1082 
   1083   <tr>
   1084     <td><a href="command-line-options.html#shadow">-shadow <var>geometry</var></a></td>
   1085     <td>simulate an image shadow</td>
   1086   </tr>
   1087 
   1088   <tr>
   1089     <td><a href="command-line-options.html#sharpen">-sharpen <var>geometry</var></a></td>
   1090     <td>sharpen the image</td>
   1091   </tr>
   1092 
   1093   <tr>
   1094     <td><a href="command-line-options.html#shave">-shave <var>geometry</var></a></td>
   1095     <td>shave pixels from the image edges</td>
   1096   </tr>
   1097 
   1098   <tr>
   1099     <td><a href="command-line-options.html#shear">-shear <var>geometry</var></a></td>
   1100     <td>slide one edge of the image along the X or Y axis</td>
   1101   </tr>
   1102 
   1103   <tr>
   1104     <td><a href="command-line-options.html#sigmoidal">-sigmoidal-contrast <var>geometry</var></a></td>
   1105     <td>increase the contrast without saturating highlights or shadows</td>
   1106   </tr>
   1107 
   1108   <tr>
   1109     <td><a href="command-line-options.html#smush">-smush <var>offset</var></a></td>
   1110     <td>smush an image sequence together</td>
   1111   </tr>
   1112 
   1113   <tr>
   1114     <td><a href="command-line-options.html#size">-size <var>geometry</var></a></td>
   1115     <td>width and height of image</td>
   1116   </tr>
   1117 
   1118   <tr>
   1119     <td><a href="command-line-options.html#sketch">-sketch <var>geometry</var></a></td>
   1120     <td>simulate a pencil sketch</td>
   1121   </tr>
   1122 
   1123   <tr>
   1124     <td><a href="command-line-options.html#solarize">-solarize <var>threshold</var></a></td>
   1125     <td>negate all pixels above the threshold level</td>
   1126   </tr>
   1127 
   1128   <tr>
   1129     <td><a href="command-line-options.html#splice">-splice <var>geometry</var></a></td>
   1130     <td>splice the background color into the image</td>
   1131   </tr>
   1132 
   1133   <tr>
   1134     <td><a href="command-line-options.html#spread">-spread <var>radius</var></a></td>
   1135     <td>displace image pixels by a random amount</td>
   1136   </tr>
   1137 
   1138   <tr>
   1139     <td><a href="command-line-options.html#statistic">-statistic <var>type</var> <var>geometry</var></a></td>
   1140     <td>replace each pixel with corresponding statistic from the neighborhood</td>
   1141   </tr>
   1142 
   1143   <tr>
   1144     <td><a href="command-line-options.html#strip">-strip</a></td>
   1145     <td>strip image of all profiles and comments</td>
   1146   </tr>
   1147 
   1148   <tr>
   1149     <td><a href="command-line-options.html#stroke">-stroke <var>color</var></a></td>
   1150     <td>graphic primitive stroke color</td>
   1151   </tr>
   1152 
   1153   <tr>
   1154     <td><a href="command-line-options.html#strokewidth">-strokewidth <var>value</var></a></td>
   1155     <td>graphic primitive stroke width</td>
   1156   </tr>
   1157 
   1158   <tr>
   1159     <td><a href="command-line-options.html#stretch">-stretch <var>type</var></a></td>
   1160     <td>render text with this font stretch</td>
   1161   </tr>
   1162 
   1163   <tr>
   1164     <td><a href="command-line-options.html#style">-style <var>type</var></a></td>
   1165     <td>render text with this font style</td>
   1166   </tr>
   1167 
   1168   <tr>
   1169     <td><a href="command-line-options.html#swap">-swap <var>indexes</var></a></td>
   1170     <td>swap two images in the image sequence</td>
   1171   </tr>
   1172 
   1173   <tr>
   1174     <td><a href="command-line-options.html#swirl">-swirl <var>degrees</var></a></td>
   1175     <td>swirl image pixels about the center</td>
   1176   </tr>
   1177 
   1178   <tr>
   1179     <td><a href="command-line-options.html#synchronize">-synchronize</a></td>
   1180     <td>synchronize image to storage device</td>
   1181   </tr>
   1182 
   1183   <tr>
   1184     <td><a href="command-line-options.html#taint">-taint</a></td>
   1185     <td>mark the image as modified</td>
   1186   </tr>
   1187 
   1188   <tr>
   1189     <td><a href="command-line-options.html#texture">-texture <var>filename</var></a></td>
   1190     <td>name of texture to tile onto the image background</td>
   1191   </tr>
   1192 
   1193   <tr>
   1194     <td><a href="command-line-options.html#threshold">-threshold <var>value</var></a></td>
   1195     <td>threshold the image</td>
   1196   </tr>
   1197 
   1198   <tr>
   1199     <td><a href="command-line-options.html#thumbnail">-thumbnail <var>geometry</var></a></td>
   1200     <td>create a thumbnail of the image</td>
   1201   </tr>
   1202 
   1203   <tr>
   1204     <td><a href="command-line-options.html#tile">-tile <var>filename</var></a></td>
   1205     <td>tile image when filling a graphic primitive</td>
   1206   </tr>
   1207 
   1208   <tr>
   1209     <td><a href="command-line-options.html#tile-offset">-tile-offset <var>geometry</var></a></td>
   1210     <td>set the image tile offset</td>
   1211   </tr>
   1212 
   1213   <tr>
   1214     <td><a href="command-line-options.html#tint">-tint <var>value</var></a></td>
   1215     <td>tint the image with the fill color</td>
   1216   </tr>
   1217 
   1218   <tr>
   1219     <td><a href="command-line-options.html#transform">-transform</a></td>
   1220     <td>affine transform image</td>
   1221   </tr>
   1222 
   1223   <tr>
   1224     <td><a href="command-line-options.html#transparent">-transparent <var>color</var></a></td>
   1225     <td>make this color transparent within the image</td>
   1226   </tr>
   1227 
   1228   <tr>
   1229     <td><a href="command-line-options.html#transparent-color">-transparent-color <var>color</var></a></td>
   1230     <td>transparent color</td>
   1231   </tr>
   1232 
   1233   <tr>
   1234     <td><a href="command-line-options.html#transpose">-transpose</a></td>
   1235     <td>flip image in the vertical direction and rotate 90 degrees</td>
   1236   </tr>
   1237 
   1238   <tr>
   1239     <td><a href="command-line-options.html#transverse">-transverse</a></td>
   1240     <td>flop image in the horizontal direction and rotate 270 degrees</td>
   1241   </tr>
   1242 
   1243   <tr>
   1244     <td><a href="command-line-options.html#treedepth">-treedepth <var>value</var></a></td>
   1245     <td>color tree depth</td>
   1246   </tr>
   1247 
   1248   <tr>
   1249     <td><a href="command-line-options.html#trim">-trim</a></td>
   1250     <td>trim image edges</td>
   1251   </tr>
   1252 
   1253   <tr>
   1254     <td><a href="command-line-options.html#type">-type <var>type</var></a></td>
   1255     <td>image type</td>
   1256   </tr>
   1257 
   1258   <tr>
   1259     <td><a href="command-line-options.html#undercolor">-undercolor <var>color</var></a></td>
   1260     <td>annotation bounding box color</td>
   1261   </tr>
   1262 
   1263   <tr>
   1264     <td><a href="command-line-options.html#unique-colors">-unique-colors</a></td>
   1265     <td>discard all but one of any pixel color.</td>
   1266   </tr>
   1267 
   1268   <tr>
   1269     <td><a href="command-line-options.html#units">-units <var>type</var></a></td>
   1270     <td>the units of image resolution</td>
   1271   </tr>
   1272 
   1273   <tr>
   1274     <td><a href="command-line-options.html#unsharp">-unsharp <var>geometry</var></a></td>
   1275     <td>sharpen the image</td>
   1276   </tr>
   1277 
   1278   <tr>
   1279     <td><a href="command-line-options.html#verbose">-verbose</a></td>
   1280     <td>print detailed information about the image</td>
   1281   </tr>
   1282 
   1283   <tr>
   1284     <td><a href="command-line-options.html#version">-version</a></td>
   1285     <td>print version information</td>
   1286   </tr>
   1287 
   1288   <tr>
   1289     <td><a href="command-line-options.html#view">-view</a></td>
   1290     <td>FlashPix viewing transforms</td>
   1291   </tr>
   1292 
   1293   <tr>
   1294     <td><a href="command-line-options.html#vignette">-vignette <var>geometry</var></a></td>
   1295     <td>soften the edges of the image in vignette style</td>
   1296   </tr>
   1297 
   1298   <tr>
   1299     <td><a href="command-line-options.html#virtual-pixel">-virtual-pixel <var>method</var></a></td>
   1300     <td>access method for pixels outside the boundaries of the image</td>
   1301   </tr>
   1302 
   1303   <tr>
   1304     <td><a href="command-line-options.html#wave">-wave <var>geometry</var></a></td>
   1305     <td>alter an image along a sine wave</td>
   1306   </tr>
   1307 
   1308   <tr>
   1309     <td><a href="command-line-options.html#wavelet">-wavelet-denoise <var>threshold</var></a></td>
   1310     <td>removes noise from the image using a wavelet transform</td>
   1311   </tr>
   1312 
   1313   <tr>
   1314     <td><a href="command-line-options.html#weight">-weight <var>type</var></a></td>
   1315     <td>render text with this font weight</td>
   1316   </tr>
   1317 
   1318   <tr>
   1319     <td><a href="command-line-options.html#white-point">-white-point <var>point</var></a></td>
   1320     <td>chromaticity white point</td>
   1321   </tr>
   1322 
   1323   <tr>
   1324     <td><a href="command-line-options.html#white-threshold">-white-threshold <var>value</var></a></td>
   1325     <td>force all pixels above the threshold into white</td>
   1326   </tr>
   1327 
   1328   <tr>
   1329     <td><a href="command-line-options.html#write">-write <var>filename</var></a></td>
   1330     <td>write images to this file</td>
   1331   </tr>
   1332 
   1333   <tr>
   1334     <td><a href="command-line-options.html#write-mask">-write-mask <var>filename</var></a></td>
   1335     <td>associate a write mask with the image</td>
   1336   </tr>
   1337 
   1338 </table>
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