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     84 <p class="text-center"><a href="mogrify.html#usage">Example Usage</a>  <a href="mogrify.html#options">Option Summary</a></p>
     85 
     86 <p class="lead magick-description">Use the <code>mogrify</code> program to resize an image, blur, crop, despeckle, dither, draw on, flip, join, re-sample, and much more.   This tool is similar to <a href="convert.html">convert</a> except that the original image file is <em>overwritten</em> (unless you change the file suffix with the <a href="command-line-options.html#format">-format</a> option) with any changes you request.  See <a href="command-line-processing.html">Command Line Processing</a> for advice on how to structure your <code>mogrify</code> command or see below for sample usages of the command.</p>
     87 
     88 <h2><a class="anchor" id="usage"></a>Example Usage</h2>
     89 
     90 <p>We list a few examples of the <code>mogrify</code> command here to illustrate its usefulness and ease of use.  To get started, let's reduce the size of our
     91 rose:</p>
     92 
     93 <pre class="highlight"><code>magick mogrify -resize 50% rose.jpg
     94 </code></pre>
     95 
     96 <ul>
     97   <a href="../images/rose.jpg">
     98   <img src="../images/rose.jpg" width="70" height="46" alt="rose" />
     99   </a>
    100   <img style="margin-top:13px; margin-bottom:13px;" src="../images/right.gif" width="20" height="20" alt="==>" />
    101   <a href="../images/rose.png">
    102   <img style="margin-top:12px; margin-bottom: 11px;" src="../images/rose.png" width="35" height="23" alt="rose" />
    103   </a>
    104 </ul>
    105 
    106 <p>You can resize all your JPEG images in a folder to a maximum dimension of 256x256 with this command:</p>
    107 
    108 <pre class="highlight"><code>magick mogrify -resize 256x256 *.jpg
    109 </code></pre>
    110 
    111 <p>Finally, we convert all our PNG images in a folder to the JPEG format:</p>
    112 
    113 <pre class="highlight"><code>magick mogrify -format jpg *.png
    114 </code></pre>
    115 
    116 <p>Here image files 1.png, 2.png, etc., are left untouched and files 1.jpg, 2.jpg, etc., are created.  They are copies of their respective PNG images except are stored  in the JPEG image format.</p>
    117 
    118 
    119 <p>You can find additional examples of using <code>mogrify</code> in <a href="http://www.ibm.com/developerworks/library/l-graf/?ca=dnt-428">Graphics from the Command Line</a>.  Further discussion is available in  <a href="http://www.ibm.com/developerworks/library/l-graf2/?ca=dgr-lnxw15GraphicsLine">More Graphics from the Command Line</a> and <a href="../Usage/">Examples of ImageMagick Usage</a>.</p>
    120 
    121 <h2><a class="anchor" id="options"></a>Option Summary</h2>
    122 
    123 <p>The <code>mogrify</code> command recognizes these options.  Click on an option to get more details about how that option works.</p>
    124 
    125 <table class="table table-sm table-striped">
    126   <tbody>
    127   <tr>
    128     <th align="left">Option</th>
    129     <th align="left">Description</th>
    130   </tr>
    131 
    132   <tr>
    133     <td><a href="command-line-options.html#adaptive-blur">-adaptive-blur <var>geometry</var></a></td>
    134     <td>adaptively blur pixels; decrease effect near edges</td>
    135   </tr>
    136 
    137   <tr>
    138     <td><a href="command-line-options.html#adaptive-resize">-adaptive-resize <var>geometry</var></a></td>
    139     <td>adaptively resize image with data dependent triangulation.</td>
    140   </tr>
    141 
    142   <tr>
    143     <td><a href="command-line-options.html#adaptive-sharpen">-adaptive-sharpen <var>geometry</var></a></td>
    144     <td>adaptively sharpen pixels; increase effect near edges</td>
    145   </tr>
    146 
    147   <tr>
    148     <td><a href="command-line-options.html#adjoin">-adjoin</a></td>
    149     <td>join images into a single multi-image file</td>
    150   </tr>
    151 
    152   <tr>
    153     <td><a href="command-line-options.html#affine">-affine <var>matrix</var></a></td>
    154     <td>affine transform matrix</td>
    155   </tr>
    156 
    157   <tr>
    158     <td><a href="command-line-options.html#alpha">-alpha</a></td>
    159     <td>on, activate, off, deactivate, set, opaque, copy",
    160 transparent, extract, background, or shape the alpha channel</td>
    161   </tr>
    162 
    163   <tr>
    164     <td><a href="command-line-options.html#annotate">-annotate <var>geometry text</var></a></td>
    165     <td>annotate the image with text</td>
    166   </tr>
    167 
    168   <tr>
    169     <td><a href="command-line-options.html#antialias">-antialias</a></td>
    170     <td>remove pixel-aliasing</td>
    171   </tr>
    172 
    173   <tr>
    174     <td><a href="command-line-options.html#append">-append</a></td>
    175     <td>append an image sequence</td>
    176   </tr>
    177 
    178   <tr>
    179     <td><a href="command-line-options.html#authenticate">-authenticate <var>value</var></a></td>
    180     <td>decipher image with this password</td>
    181   </tr>
    182 
    183   <tr>
    184     <td><a href="command-line-options.html#auto-gamma">-auto-gamma</a></td>
    185     <td>automagically adjust gamma level of image</td>
    186   </tr>
    187 
    188   <tr>
    189     <td><a href="command-line-options.html#auto-level">-auto-level</a></td>
    190     <td>automagically adjust color levels of image</td>
    191   </tr>
    192 
    193   <tr>
    194     <td><a href="command-line-options.html#auto-orient">-auto-orient</a></td>
    195     <td>automagically orient image</td>
    196   </tr>
    197 
    198   <tr>
    199     <td><a href="command-line-options.html#auto-threshold">-auto-threshold <var>method</var></a></td>
    200     <td>automatically perform image thresholding</td>
    201   </tr>
    202 
    203   <tr>
    204     <td><a href="command-line-options.html#background">-background <var>color</var></a></td>
    205     <td>background color</td>
    206   </tr>
    207 
    208   <tr>
    209     <td><a href="command-line-options.html#bench">-bench <var>iterations</var></a></td>
    210     <td>measure performance</td>
    211   </tr>
    212 
    213   <tr>
    214     <td><a href="command-line-options.html#bias">-bias <var>value</var></a></td>
    215     <td>add bias when convolving an image</td>
    216   </tr>
    217 
    218   <tr>
    219     <td><a href="command-line-options.html#black-threshold">-black-threshold <var>value</var></a></td>
    220     <td>force all pixels below the threshold into black</td>
    221   </tr>
    222 
    223   <tr>
    224     <td><a href="command-line-options.html#blue-primary">-blue-primary <var>point</var></a></td>
    225     <td>chromaticity blue primary point</td>
    226   </tr>
    227 
    228   <tr>
    229     <td><a href="command-line-options.html#blue-shift">-blue-shift  <var>factor</var></a></td>
    230     <td>simulate a scene at nighttime in the moonlight</td>
    231   </tr>
    232 
    233   <tr>
    234     <td><a href="command-line-options.html#blur">-blur <var>geometry</var></a></td>
    235     <td>reduce image noise and reduce detail levels</td>
    236   </tr>
    237 
    238   <tr>
    239     <td><a href="command-line-options.html#border">-border <var>geometry</var></a></td>
    240     <td>surround image with a border of color</td>
    241   </tr>
    242 
    243   <tr>
    244     <td><a href="command-line-options.html#bordercolor">-bordercolor <var>color</var></a></td>
    245     <td>border color</td>
    246   </tr>
    247 
    248   <tr>
    249     <td><a href="command-line-options.html#brightness-contrast">-brightness-contrast <var>geometry</var></a></td>
    250     <td>improve brightness / contrast of the image</td>
    251   </tr>
    252 
    253   <tr>
    254     <td><a href="command-line-options.html#canny">-canny <var>geometry</var></a></td>
    255     <td>use a multi-stage algorithm to detect a wide range of edges in the image</td>
    256   </tr>
    257 
    258   <tr>
    259     <td><a href="command-line-options.html#caption">-caption <var>string</var></a></td>
    260     <td>assign a caption to an image</td>
    261   </tr>
    262 
    263   <tr>
    264     <td><a href="command-line-options.html#cdl">-cdl <var>filename</var></a></td>
    265     <td>color correct with a color decision list</td>
    266   </tr>
    267 
    268   <tr>
    269     <td><a href="command-line-options.html#channel">-channel <var>type</var></a></td>
    270     <td>apply option to select image channels</td>
    271   </tr>
    272 
    273   <tr>
    274     <td><a href="command-line-options.html#charcoal">-charcoal <var>radius</var></a></td>
    275     <td>simulate a charcoal drawing</td>
    276   </tr>
    277 
    278   <tr>
    279     <td><a href="command-line-options.html#chop">-chop <var>geometry</var></a></td>
    280     <td>remove pixels from the image interior</td>
    281   </tr>
    282 
    283   <tr>
    284     <td><a href="command-line-options.html#clip">-clip</a></td>
    285     <td>clip along the first path from the 8BIM profile</td>
    286   </tr>
    287 
    288   <tr>
    289     <td><a href="command-line-options.html#clahe">-clahe <var>geometry</var></a></td>
    290     <td>contrast limited adaptive histogram equalization</td>
    291   </tr>
    292 
    293   <tr>
    294     <td><a href="command-line-options.html#clamp">-clamp</a></td>
    295     <td>set each pixel whose value is below zero to zero and any the pixel whose value is above the quantum range to the quantum range (e.g. 65535) otherwise the pixel value remains unchanged.</td>
    296   </tr>
    297 
    298   <tr>
    299     <td><a href="command-line-options.html#clip-mask">-clip-mask</a> <var>filename</var></td>
    300     <td>associate clip mask with the image</td>
    301   </tr>
    302 
    303   <tr>
    304     <td><a href="command-line-options.html#clip-path">-clip-path <var>id</var></a></td>
    305     <td>clip along a named path from the 8BIM profile</td>
    306   </tr>
    307 
    308   <tr>
    309     <td><a href="command-line-options.html#clut">-clut</a></td>
    310     <td>apply a color lookup table to the image</td>
    311   </tr>
    312 
    313   <tr>
    314     <td><a href="command-line-options.html#complex">-complex<var>operator</var></a></td>
    315     <td>perform complex mathematics on an image sequence</td>
    316   </tr>
    317 
    318   <tr>
    319     <td><a href="command-line-options.html#connected-components">-connected-components <var>connectivity</var></a></td>
    320     <td>connected-components uniquely labeled, choose from 4 or 8 way connectivity</td>
    321   </tr>
    322 
    323   <tr>
    324     <td><a href="command-line-options.html#contrast-stretch">-contrast-stretch <var>geometry</var></a></td>
    325     <td>improve the contrast in an image by `stretching' the range of intensity value</td>
    326   </tr>
    327 
    328   <tr>
    329     <td><a href="command-line-options.html#coalesce">-coalesce</a></td>
    330     <td>merge a sequence of images</td>
    331   </tr>
    332 
    333   <tr>
    334     <td><a href="command-line-options.html#colorize">-colorize <var>value</var></a></td>
    335     <td>colorize the image with the fill color</td>
    336   </tr>
    337 
    338   <tr>
    339     <td><a href="command-line-options.html#color-matrix">-color-matrix <var>matrix</var></a></td>
    340     <td>apply color correction to the image.</td>
    341   </tr>
    342 
    343   <tr>
    344     <td><a href="command-line-options.html#colors">-colors <var>value</var></a></td>
    345     <td>preferred number of colors in the image</td>
    346   </tr>
    347 
    348   <tr>
    349     <td><a href="command-line-options.html#colorspace">-colorspace <var>type</var></a></td>
    350     <td>set image colorspace</td>
    351   </tr>
    352 
    353   <tr>
    354     <td><a href="command-line-options.html#combine">-combine</a></td>
    355     <td>combine a sequence of images</td>
    356   </tr>
    357 
    358   <tr>
    359     <td><a href="command-line-options.html#comment">-comment <var>string</var></a></td>
    360     <td>annotate image with comment</td>
    361   </tr>
    362 
    363   <tr>
    364     <td><a href="command-line-options.html#compose">-compose <var>operator</var></a></td>
    365     <td>set image composite operator</td>
    366   </tr>
    367 
    368   <tr>
    369     <td><a href="command-line-options.html#composite">-composite</a></td>
    370     <td>composite image</td>
    371   </tr>
    372 
    373   <tr>
    374     <td><a href="command-line-options.html#compress">-compress <var>type</var></a></td>
    375     <td>image compression type</td>
    376   </tr>
    377 
    378   <tr>
    379     <td><a href="command-line-options.html#contrast">-contrast</a></td>
    380     <td>enhance or reduce the image contrast</td>
    381   </tr>
    382 
    383   <tr>
    384     <td><a href="command-line-options.html#convolve">-convolve <var>coefficients</var></a></td>
    385     <td>apply a convolution kernel to the image</td>
    386   </tr>
    387 
    388   <tr>
    389     <td><a href="command-line-options.html#copy">-copy <var>geometry</var> <var>offset</var></a></td>
    390     <td>copy pixels from one area of an image to another</td>
    391   </tr>
    392 
    393   <tr>
    394     <td><a href="command-line-options.html#crop">-crop <var>geometry</var></a></td>
    395     <td>crop the image</td>
    396   </tr>
    397 
    398   <tr>
    399     <td><a href="command-line-options.html#cycle">-cycle <var>amount</var></a></td>
    400     <td>cycle the image colormap</td>
    401   </tr>
    402 
    403   <tr>
    404     <td><a href="command-line-options.html#decipher">-decipher <var>filename</var></a></td>
    405     <td>convert cipher pixels to plain</td>
    406   </tr>
    407 
    408   <tr>
    409     <td><a href="command-line-options.html#debug">-debug <var>events</var></a></td>
    410     <td>display copious debugging information</td>
    411   </tr>
    412 
    413   <tr>
    414     <td><a href="command-line-options.html#define">-define <var>format:option</var></a></td>
    415     <td>define one or more image format options</td>
    416   </tr>
    417 
    418   <tr>
    419     <td><a href="command-line-options.html#deconstruct">-deconstruct</a></td>
    420     <td>break down an image sequence into constituent parts</td>
    421   </tr>
    422 
    423   <tr>
    424     <td><a href="command-line-options.html#delay">-delay <var>value</var></a></td>
    425     <td>display the next image after pausing</td>
    426   </tr>
    427 
    428   <tr>
    429     <td><a href="command-line-options.html#delete">-delete <var>index</var></a></td>
    430     <td>delete the image from the image sequence</td>
    431   </tr>
    432 
    433   <tr>
    434     <td><a href="command-line-options.html#density">-density <var>geometry</var></a></td>
    435     <td>horizontal and vertical density of the image</td>
    436   </tr>
    437 
    438   <tr>
    439     <td><a href="command-line-options.html#depth">-depth <var>value</var></a></td>
    440     <td>image depth</td>
    441   </tr>
    442 
    443   <tr>
    444     <td><a href="command-line-options.html#despeckle">-despeckle</a></td>
    445     <td>reduce the speckles within an image</td>
    446   </tr>
    447 
    448   <tr>
    449     <td><a href="command-line-options.html#direction">-direction <var>type</var></a></td>
    450     <td>render text right-to-left or left-to-right</td>
    451   </tr>
    452 
    453   <tr>
    454     <td><a href="command-line-options.html#display">-display <var>server</var></a></td>
    455     <td>get image or font from this X server</td>
    456   </tr>
    457 
    458   <tr>
    459     <td><a href="command-line-options.html#dispose">-dispose <var>method</var></a></td>
    460     <td>layer disposal method</td>
    461   </tr>
    462 
    463   <tr>
    464     <td><a href="command-line-options.html#distort">-distort <var>type coefficients</var></a></td>
    465     <td>distort image</td>
    466   </tr>
    467 
    468   <tr>
    469     <td><a href="command-line-options.html#distribute-cache">-distribute-cache <var>port</var></a></td>
    470     <td>launch a pixel cache server</td>
    471   </tr>
    472 
    473   <tr>
    474     <td><a href="command-line-options.html#dither">-dither  <var>method</var></a></td>
    475     <td>apply error diffusion to image</td>
    476   </tr>
    477 
    478   <tr>
    479     <td><a href="command-line-options.html#draw">-draw <var>string</var></a></td>
    480     <td>annotate the image with a graphic primitive</td>
    481   </tr>
    482 
    483   <tr>
    484     <td><a href="command-line-options.html#duplicate">-duplicate <var>count,indexes</var></a></td>
    485     <td>duplicate an image one or more times</td>
    486   </tr>
    487 
    488   <tr>
    489     <td><a href="command-line-options.html#edge">-edge <var>radius</var></a></td>
    490     <td>apply a filter to detect edges in the image</td>
    491   </tr>
    492 
    493   <tr>
    494     <td><a href="command-line-options.html#emboss">-emboss <var>radius</var></a></td>
    495     <td>emboss an image</td>
    496   </tr>
    497 
    498   <tr>
    499     <td><a href="command-line-options.html#encipher">-encipher <var>filename</var></a></td>
    500     <td>convert plain pixels to cipher pixels</td>
    501   </tr>
    502 
    503   <tr>
    504     <td><a href="command-line-options.html#encoding">-encoding <var>type</var></a></td>
    505     <td>text encoding type</td>
    506   </tr>
    507 
    508   <tr>
    509     <td><a href="command-line-options.html#endian">-endian <var>type</var></a></td>
    510     <td>endianness (MSB or LSB) of the image</td>
    511   </tr>
    512 
    513   <tr>
    514     <td><a href="command-line-options.html#enhance">-enhance</a></td>
    515     <td>apply a digital filter to enhance a noisy image</td>
    516   </tr>
    517 
    518   <tr>
    519     <td><a href="command-line-options.html#equalize">-equalize</a></td>
    520     <td>perform histogram equalization to an image</td>
    521   </tr>
    522 
    523   <tr>
    524     <td><a href="command-line-options.html#evaluate">-evaluate <var>operator value</var></a></td>
    525     <td>evaluate an arithmetic, relational, or logical expression</td>
    526   </tr>
    527 
    528   <tr>
    529     <td><a href="command-line-options.html#evaluate-sequence">-evaluate-sequence <var>operator</var></a></td>
    530     <td>evaluate an arithmetic, relational, or logical expression for an image sequence</td>
    531   </tr>
    532 
    533   <tr>
    534     <td><a href="command-line-options.html#extent">-extent <var>geometry</var></a></td>
    535     <td>set the image size</td>
    536   </tr>
    537 
    538   <tr>
    539     <td><a href="command-line-options.html#extract">-extract <var>geometry</var></a></td>
    540     <td>extract area from image</td>
    541   </tr>
    542 
    543   <tr>
    544     <td><a href="command-line-options.html#family">-family <var>name</var></a></td>
    545     <td>render text with this font family</td>
    546   </tr>
    547 
    548   <tr>
    549     <td><a href="command-line-options.html#features">-features <var>distance</var></a></td>
    550     <td>analyze image features (e.g. contract, correlations, etc.).</td>
    551   </tr>
    552 
    553   <tr>
    554     <td><a href="command-line-options.html#fft">-fft</a></td>
    555     <td>implements the discrete Fourier transform (DFT)</td>
    556   </tr>
    557 
    558   <tr>
    559     <td><a href="command-line-options.html#fill">-fill <var>color</var></a></td>
    560     <td>color to use when filling a graphic primitive</td>
    561   </tr>
    562 
    563   <tr>
    564     <td><a href="command-line-options.html#filter">-filter <var>type</var></a></td>
    565     <td>use this filter when resizing an image</td>
    566   </tr>
    567 
    568   <tr>
    569     <td><a href="command-line-options.html#flatten">-flatten</a></td>
    570     <td>flatten a sequence of images</td>
    571   </tr>
    572 
    573   <tr>
    574     <td><a href="command-line-options.html#flip">-flip</a></td>
    575     <td>flip image in the vertical direction</td>
    576   </tr>
    577 
    578   <tr>
    579     <td><a href="command-line-options.html#floodfill">-floodfill <var>geometry color</var></a></td>
    580     <td>floodfill the image with color</td>
    581   </tr>
    582 
    583   <tr>
    584     <td><a href="command-line-options.html#flop">-flop</a></td>
    585     <td>flop image in the horizontal direction</td>
    586   </tr>
    587 
    588   <tr>
    589     <td><a href="command-line-options.html#font">-font <var>name</var></a></td>
    590     <td>render text with this font</td>
    591   </tr>
    592 
    593   <tr>
    594     <td><a href="command-line-options.html#format">-format <var>type</var></a></td>
    595     <td>output formatted image characteristics</td>
    596   </tr>
    597 
    598   <tr>
    599     <td><a href="command-line-options.html#frame">-frame <var>geometry</var></a></td>
    600     <td>surround image with an ornamental border</td>
    601   </tr>
    602 
    603   <tr>
    604     <td><a href="command-line-options.html#function">-function <var>name</var></a></td>
    605     <td>apply a function to the image</td>
    606   </tr>
    607 
    608   <tr>
    609     <td><a href="command-line-options.html#fuzz">-fuzz <var>distance</var></a></td>
    610     <td>colors within this distance are considered equal</td>
    611   </tr>
    612 
    613   <tr>
    614     <td><a href="command-line-options.html#fx">-fx <var>expression</var></a></td>
    615     <td>apply mathematical expression to an image channel(s)</td>
    616   </tr>
    617 
    618   <tr>
    619     <td><a href="command-line-options.html#gamma">-gamma <var>value</var></a></td>
    620     <td>level of gamma correction</td>
    621   </tr>
    622 
    623   <tr>
    624     <td><a href="command-line-options.html#gaussian-blur">-gaussian-blur <var>geometry</var></a></td>
    625     <td>reduce image noise and reduce detail levels</td>
    626   </tr>
    627 
    628   <tr>
    629     <td><a href="command-line-options.html#geometry">-geometry <var>geometry</var></a></td>
    630     <td>preferred size or location of the image</td>
    631   </tr>
    632 
    633   <tr>
    634     <td><a href="command-line-options.html#gravity">-gravity <var>type</var></a></td>
    635     <td>horizontal and vertical text placement</td>
    636   </tr>
    637 
    638   <tr>
    639     <td><a href="command-line-options.html#grayscale">-grayscale <var>method</var></a></td>
    640     <td>convert image to grayscale</td>
    641   </tr>
    642 
    643   <tr>
    644     <td><a href="command-line-options.html#green-primary">-green-primary <var>point</var></a></td>
    645     <td>chromaticity green primary point</td>
    646   </tr>
    647 
    648   <tr>
    649     <td><a href="command-line-options.html#help">-help</a></td>
    650     <td>print program options</td>
    651   </tr>
    652 
    653   <tr>
    654     <td><a href="command-line-options.html#hough-lines">-hough-lines <var>geometry</var></a></td>
    655     <td>identify lines in the image</td>
    656   </tr>
    657 
    658   <tr>
    659     <td><a href="command-line-options.html#identify">-identify</a></td>
    660     <td>identify the format and characteristics of the image</td>
    661   </tr>
    662 
    663   <tr>
    664     <td><a href="command-line-options.html#ift">-ifft</a></td>
    665     <td>implements the inverse discrete Fourier transform (DFT)</td>
    666   </tr>
    667 
    668   <tr>
    669     <td><a href="command-line-options.html#implode">-implode <var>amount</var></a></td>
    670     <td>implode image pixels about the center</td>
    671   </tr>
    672 
    673   <tr>
    674     <td><a href="command-line-options.html#insert">-insert <var>index</var></a></td>
    675     <td>insert last image into the image sequence</td>
    676   </tr>
    677 
    678   <tr>
    679     <td><a href="command-line-options.html#intensity">-intensity <var>method</var></a></td>
    680     <td>method to generate an intensity value from a pixel</td>
    681   </tr>
    682 
    683   <tr>
    684     <td><a href="command-line-options.html#intent">-intent <var>type</var></a></td>
    685     <td>type of rendering intent when managing the image color</td>
    686   </tr>
    687 
    688   <tr>
    689     <td><a href="command-line-options.html#interlace">-interlace <var>type</var></a></td>
    690     <td>type of image interlacing scheme</td>
    691   </tr>
    692 
    693   <tr>
    694     <td><a href="command-line-options.html#interline-spacing">-interline-spacing <var>value</var></a></td>
    695     <td>the space between two text lines</td>
    696   </tr>
    697 
    698   <tr>
    699     <td><a href="command-line-options.html#interpolate">-interpolate <var>method</var></a></td>
    700     <td>pixel color interpolation method</td>
    701   </tr>
    702 
    703   <tr>
    704     <td><a href="command-line-options.html#interword-spacing">-interword-spacing <var>value</var></a></td>
    705     <td>the space between two words</td>
    706   </tr>
    707 
    708   <tr>
    709     <td><a href="command-line-options.html#kerning">-kerning <var>value</var></a></td>
    710     <td>the space between two characters</td>
    711   </tr>
    712 
    713   <tr>
    714     <td><a href="command-line-options.html#kuwahara">-kuwahara <var>geometry</var></a></td>
    715     <td>edge preserving noise reduction filter</td>
    716   </tr>
    717 
    718   <tr>
    719     <td><a href="command-line-options.html#label">-label <var>string</var></a></td>
    720     <td>assign a label to an image</td>
    721   </tr>
    722 
    723   <tr>
    724     <td><a href="command-line-options.html#lat">-lat <var>geometry</var></a></td>
    725     <td>local adaptive thresholding</td>
    726   </tr>
    727 
    728   <tr>
    729     <td><a href="command-line-options.html#layers">-layers <var>method</var></a></td>
    730     <td>optimize or compare image layers</td>
    731   </tr>
    732 
    733   <tr>
    734     <td><a href="command-line-options.html#level">-level <var>value</var></a></td>
    735     <td>adjust the level of image contrast</td>
    736   </tr>
    737 
    738   <tr>
    739     <td><a href="command-line-options.html#limit">-limit <var>type value</var></a></td>
    740     <td>pixel cache resource limit</td>
    741   </tr>
    742 
    743   <tr>
    744     <td><a href="command-line-options.html#linear-stretch">-linear-stretch <var>geometry</var></a></td>
    745     <td>linear with saturation histogram stretch</td>
    746   </tr>
    747 
    748   <tr>
    749     <td><a href="command-line-options.html#liquid-rescale">-liquid-rescale <var>geometry</var></a></td>
    750     <td>rescale image with seam-carving</td>
    751   </tr>
    752 
    753   <tr>
    754     <td><a href="command-line-options.html#log">-log <var>format</var></a></td>
    755     <td>format of debugging information</td>
    756   </tr>
    757 
    758   <tr>
    759     <td><a href="command-line-options.html#loop">-loop <var>iterations</var></a></td>
    760     <td>add Netscape loop extension to your GIF animation</td>
    761   </tr>
    762 
    763   <tr>
    764     <td><a href="command-line-options.html#mattecolor">-mattecolor <var>color</var></a></td>
    765     <td>frame color</td>
    766   </tr>
    767 
    768   <tr>
    769     <td><a href="command-line-options.html#median">-median <var>radius</var></a></td>
    770     <td>apply a median filter to the image</td>
    771   </tr>
    772 
    773   <tr>
    774     <td><a href="command-line-options.html#mean-shift">-mean-shift <var>geometry</var></a></td>
    775     <td>delineate arbitrarily shaped clusters in the image</td>
    776   </tr>
    777 
    778   <tr>
    779     <td><a href="command-line-options.html#metric">-metric <var>type</var></a></td>
    780     <td>measure differences between images with this metric</td>
    781   </tr>
    782 
    783   <tr>
    784     <td><a href="command-line-options.html#mode">-mode <var>radius</var></a></td>
    785     <td>make each pixel the 'predominant color' of the neighborhood</td>
    786   </tr>
    787 
    788   <tr>
    789     <td><a href="command-line-options.html#modulate">-modulate <var>value</var></a></td>
    790     <td>vary the brightness, saturation, and hue</td>
    791   </tr>
    792 
    793   <tr>
    794     <td><a href="command-line-options.html#monitor">-monitor</a></td>
    795     <td>monitor progress</td>
    796   </tr>
    797 
    798   <tr>
    799     <td><a href="command-line-options.html#monochrome">-monochrome</a></td>
    800     <td>transform image to black and white</td>
    801   </tr>
    802 
    803   <tr>
    804     <td><a href="command-line-options.html#morph">-morph <var>value</var></a></td>
    805     <td>morph an image sequence</td>
    806   </tr>
    807 
    808   <tr>
    809     <td><a href="command-line-options.html#morphology">-morphology <var>method</var></a> <var>kernel</var></td>
    810     <td>apply a morphology method to the image</td>
    811   </tr>
    812 
    813   <tr>
    814     <td><a href="command-line-options.html#motion-blur">-motion-blur <var>geometry</var></a></td>
    815     <td>simulate motion blur</td>
    816   </tr>
    817 
    818   <tr>
    819     <td><a href="command-line-options.html#negate">-negate</a></td>
    820     <td>replace each pixel with its complementary color </td>
    821   </tr>
    822 
    823   <tr>
    824     <td><a href="command-line-options.html#noise">-noise <var>radius</var></a></td>
    825     <td>add or reduce noise in an image</td>
    826   </tr>
    827 
    828   <tr>
    829     <td><a href="command-line-options.html#normalize">-normalize</a></td>
    830     <td>transform image to span the full range of colors</td>
    831   </tr>
    832 
    833   <tr>
    834     <td><a href="command-line-options.html#opaque">-opaque <var>color</var></a></td>
    835     <td>change this color to the fill color</td>
    836   </tr>
    837 
    838   <tr>
    839     <td><a href="command-line-options.html#ordered-dither">-ordered-dither <var>NxN</var></a></td>
    840     <td>ordered dither the image</td>
    841   </tr>
    842 
    843   <tr>
    844     <td><a href="command-line-options.html#orient">-orient <var>type</var></a></td>
    845     <td>image orientation</td>
    846   </tr>
    847 
    848   <tr>
    849     <td><a href="command-line-options.html#page">-page <var>geometry</var></a></td>
    850     <td>size and location of an image canvas (setting)</td>
    851   </tr>
    852 
    853   <tr>
    854     <td><a href="command-line-options.html#page">-path <var>path</var></a></td>
    855     <td>write images to this path on disk</td>
    856   </tr>
    857 
    858   <tr>
    859     <td><a href="command-line-options.html#paint">-paint <var>radius</var></a></td>
    860     <td>simulate an oil painting</td>
    861   </tr>
    862 
    863   <tr>
    864     <td><a href="command-line-options.html#perceptible">-perceptible</a></td>
    865     <td>set each pixel whose value is less than |<var>epsilon</var>| to <var>-epsilon</var> or <var>epsilon</var> (whichever is closer) otherwise the pixel value remains unchanged.</td>
    866   </tr>
    867 
    868   <tr>
    869     <td><a href="command-line-options.html#ping">-ping</a></td>
    870     <td>efficiently determine image attributes</td>
    871   </tr>
    872 
    873   <tr>
    874     <td><a href="command-line-options.html#pointsize">-pointsize <var>value</var></a></td>
    875     <td>font point size</td>
    876   </tr>
    877 
    878   <tr>
    879     <td><a href="command-line-options.html#polaroid">-polaroid <var>angle</var></a></td>
    880     <td>simulate a Polaroid picture</td>
    881   </tr>
    882 
    883   <tr>
    884     <td><a href="command-line-options.html#poly">-poly <var>terms</var></a></td>
    885     <td>build a polynomial from the image sequence and the corresponding terms (coefficients and degree pairs).</td>
    886   </tr>
    887 
    888   <tr>
    889     <td><a href="command-line-options.html#posterize">-posterize <var>levels</var></a></td>
    890     <td>reduce the image to a limited number of color levels</td>
    891   </tr>
    892 
    893   <tr>
    894     <td><a href="command-line-options.html#precision">-precision <var>value</var></a></td>
    895     <td>set the maximum number of significant digits to be printed</td>
    896   </tr>
    897 
    898   <tr>
    899     <td><a href="command-line-options.html#preview">-preview <var>type</var></a></td>
    900     <td>image preview type</td>
    901   </tr>
    902 
    903   <tr>
    904     <td><a href="command-line-options.html#print">-print <var>string</var></a></td>
    905     <td>interpret string and print to console</td>
    906   </tr>
    907 
    908   <tr>
    909     <td><a href="command-line-options.html#process">-process <var>image-filter</var></a></td>
    910     <td>process the image with a custom image filter</td>
    911   </tr>
    912 
    913   <tr>
    914     <td><a href="command-line-options.html#profile">-profile <var>filename</var></a></td>
    915     <td>add, delete, or apply an image profile</td>
    916   </tr>
    917 
    918   <tr>
    919     <td><a href="command-line-options.html#quality">-quality <var>value</var></a></td>
    920     <td>JPEG/MIFF/PNG compression level</td>
    921   </tr>
    922 
    923   <tr>
    924     <td><a href="command-line-options.html#quantize">-quantize <var>colorspace</var></a></td>
    925     <td>reduce image colors in this colorspace</td>
    926   </tr>
    927 
    928   <tr>
    929     <td><a href="command-line-options.html#quiet">-quiet</a></td>
    930     <td>suppress all warning messages</td>
    931   </tr>
    932 
    933   <tr>
    934     <td><a href="command-line-options.html#radial-blur">-radial-blur <var>angle</var></a></td>
    935     <td>radial blur the image</td>
    936   </tr>
    937 
    938   <tr>
    939     <td><a href="command-line-options.html#raise">-raise <var>value</var></a></td>
    940     <td>lighten/darken image edges to create a 3-D effect</td>
    941   </tr>
    942 
    943   <tr>
    944     <td><a href="command-line-options.html#random-threshold">-random-threshold <var>low, high</var></a></td>
    945     <td>random threshold the image</td>
    946   </tr>
    947 
    948   <tr>
    949     <td><a href="command-line-options.html#range-threshold">-range-threshold <var>low-black, low-white, high-white, high-black</var></a></td>
    950     <td>perform either hard or soft thresholding within some range of values in an image</td>
    951   </tr>
    952 
    953   <tr>
    954     <td><a href="command-line-options.html#read-mask">-read-mask <var>filename</var></a></td>
    955     <td>associate a read mask with the image</td>
    956   </tr>
    957 
    958   <tr>
    959     <td><a href="command-line-options.html#red-primary">-red-primary <var>point</var></a></td>
    960     <td>chromaticity red primary point</td>
    961   </tr>
    962 
    963   <tr>
    964     <td><a href="command-line-options.html#regard-warnings">-regard-warnings</a></td>
    965     <td>pay attention to warning messages.</td>
    966   </tr>
    967 
    968   <tr>
    969     <td><a href="command-line-options.html#region">-region <var>geometry</var></a></td>
    970     <td>apply options to a portion of the image</td>
    971   </tr>
    972 
    973   <tr>
    974     <td><a href="command-line-options.html#remap">-remap <var>filename</var></a></td>
    975     <td>transform image colors to match this set of colors</td>
    976   </tr>
    977 
    978   <tr>
    979     <td><a href="command-line-options.html#render">-render</a></td>
    980     <td>render vector graphics</td>
    981   </tr>
    982 
    983   <tr>
    984     <td><a href="command-line-options.html#repage">-repage <var>geometry</var></a></td>
    985     <td>size and location of an image canvas</td>
    986   </tr>
    987 
    988   <tr>
    989     <td><a href="command-line-options.html#resample">-resample <var>geometry</var></a></td>
    990     <td>change the resolution of an image</td>
    991   </tr>
    992 
    993   <tr>
    994     <td><a href="command-line-options.html#resize">-resize <var>geometry</var></a></td>
    995     <td>resize the image</td>
    996   </tr>
    997 
    998   <tr>
    999     <td><a href="command-line-options.html#respect-parentheses">-respect-parentheses</a></td>
   1000     <td>settings remain in effect until parenthesis boundary.</td>
   1001   </tr>
   1002 
   1003   <tr>
   1004     <td><a href="command-line-options.html#roll">-roll <var>geometry</var></a></td>
   1005     <td>roll an image vertically or horizontally</td>
   1006   </tr>
   1007 
   1008   <tr>
   1009     <td><a href="command-line-options.html#rotate">-rotate <var>degrees</var></a></td>
   1010     <td>apply Paeth rotation to the image</td>
   1011   </tr>
   1012 
   1013   <tr>
   1014     <td><a href="command-line-options.html#sample">-sample <var>geometry</var></a></td>
   1015     <td>scale image with pixel sampling</td>
   1016   </tr>
   1017 
   1018   <tr>
   1019     <td><a href="command-line-options.html#sampling-factor">-sampling-factor <var>geometry</var></a></td>
   1020     <td>horizontal and vertical sampling factor</td>
   1021   </tr>
   1022 
   1023   <tr>
   1024     <td><a href="command-line-options.html#scale">-scale <var>geometry</var></a></td>
   1025     <td>scale the image</td>
   1026   </tr>
   1027 
   1028   <tr>
   1029     <td><a href="command-line-options.html#scene">-scene <var>value</var></a></td>
   1030     <td>image scene number</td>
   1031   </tr>
   1032 
   1033   <tr>
   1034     <td><a href="command-line-options.html#seed">-seed <var>value</var></a></td>
   1035     <td>seed a new sequence of pseudo-random numbers</td>
   1036   </tr>
   1037 
   1038   <tr>
   1039     <td><a href="command-line-options.html#segment">-segment <var>values</var></a></td>
   1040     <td>segment an image</td>
   1041   </tr>
   1042 
   1043   <tr>
   1044     <td><a href="command-line-options.html#threshold">-selective-blur <var>geometry</var></a></td>
   1045     <td>selectively blur pixels within a contrast threshold</td>
   1046   </tr>
   1047 
   1048   <tr>
   1049     <td><a href="command-line-options.html#separate">-separate</a></td>
   1050     <td>separate an image channel into a grayscale image</td>
   1051   </tr>
   1052 
   1053   <tr>
   1054     <td><a href="command-line-options.html#sepia-tone">-sepia-tone <var>threshold</var></a></td>
   1055     <td>simulate a sepia-toned photo</td>
   1056   </tr>
   1057 
   1058   <tr>
   1059     <td><a href="command-line-options.html#set">-set <var>attribute value</var></a></td>
   1060     <td>set an image attribute</td>
   1061   </tr>
   1062 
   1063   <tr>
   1064     <td><a href="command-line-options.html#shade">-shade <var>degrees</var></a></td>
   1065     <td>shade the image using a distant light source</td>
   1066   </tr>
   1067 
   1068   <tr>
   1069     <td><a href="command-line-options.html#shadow">-shadow <var>geometry</var></a></td>
   1070     <td>simulate an image shadow</td>
   1071   </tr>
   1072 
   1073   <tr>
   1074     <td><a href="command-line-options.html#sharpen">-sharpen <var>geometry</var></a></td>
   1075     <td>sharpen the image</td>
   1076   </tr>
   1077 
   1078   <tr>
   1079     <td><a href="command-line-options.html#shave">-shave <var>geometry</var></a></td>
   1080     <td>shave pixels from the image edges</td>
   1081   </tr>
   1082 
   1083   <tr>
   1084     <td><a href="command-line-options.html#shear">-shear <var>geometry</var></a></td>
   1085     <td>slide one edge of the image along the X or Y axis</td>
   1086   </tr>
   1087 
   1088   <tr>
   1089     <td><a href="command-line-options.html#sigmoidal">-sigmoidal-contrast <var>geometry</var></a></td>
   1090     <td>increase the contrast without saturating highlights or shadows</td>
   1091   </tr>
   1092 
   1093   <tr>
   1094     <td><a href="command-line-options.html#size">-size <var>geometry</var></a></td>
   1095     <td>width and height of image</td>
   1096   </tr>
   1097 
   1098   <tr>
   1099     <td><a href="command-line-options.html#sketch">-sketch <var>geometry</var></a></td>
   1100     <td>simulate a pencil sketch</td>
   1101   </tr>
   1102 
   1103   <tr>
   1104     <td><a href="command-line-options.html#smush">-smush <var>offset</var></a></td>
   1105     <td>smush an image sequence together</td>
   1106   </tr>
   1107 
   1108   <tr>
   1109     <td><a href="command-line-options.html#solarize">-solarize <var>threshold</var></a></td>
   1110     <td>negate all pixels above the threshold level</td>
   1111   </tr>
   1112 
   1113   <tr>
   1114     <td><a href="command-line-options.html#splice">-splice <var>geometry</var></a></td>
   1115     <td>splice the background color into the image</td>
   1116   </tr>
   1117 
   1118   <tr>
   1119     <td><a href="command-line-options.html#spread">-spread <var>radius</var></a></td>
   1120     <td>displace image pixels by a random amount</td>
   1121   </tr>
   1122 
   1123   <tr>
   1124     <td><a href="command-line-options.html#statistic">-statistic <var>type</var> <var>geometry</var></a></td>
   1125     <td>replace each pixel with corresponding statistic from the neighborhood</td>
   1126   </tr>
   1127 
   1128   <tr>
   1129     <td><a href="command-line-options.html#strip">-strip</a></td>
   1130     <td>strip image of all profiles and comments</td>
   1131   </tr>
   1132 
   1133   <tr>
   1134     <td><a href="command-line-options.html#stroke">-stroke <var>color</var></a></td>
   1135     <td>graphic primitive stroke color</td>
   1136   </tr>
   1137 
   1138   <tr>
   1139     <td><a href="command-line-options.html#strokewidth">-strokewidth <var>value</var></a></td>
   1140     <td>graphic primitive stroke width</td>
   1141   </tr>
   1142 
   1143   <tr>
   1144     <td><a href="command-line-options.html#stretch">-stretch <var>type</var></a></td>
   1145     <td>render text with this font stretch</td>
   1146   </tr>
   1147 
   1148   <tr>
   1149     <td><a href="command-line-options.html#style">-style <var>type</var></a></td>
   1150     <td>render text with this font style</td>
   1151   </tr>
   1152 
   1153   <tr>
   1154     <td><a href="command-line-options.html#swap">-swap <var>indexes</var></a></td>
   1155     <td>swap two images in the image sequence</td>
   1156   </tr>
   1157 
   1158   <tr>
   1159     <td><a href="command-line-options.html#swirl">-swirl <var>degrees</var></a></td>
   1160     <td>swirl image pixels about the center</td>
   1161   </tr>
   1162 
   1163   <tr>
   1164     <td><a href="command-line-options.html#synchronize">-synchronize</a></td>
   1165     <td>synchronize image to storage device</td>
   1166   </tr>
   1167 
   1168   <tr>
   1169     <td><a href="command-line-options.html#texture">-texture <var>filename</var></a></td>
   1170     <td>name of texture to tile onto the image background</td>
   1171   </tr>
   1172 
   1173   <tr>
   1174     <td><a href="command-line-options.html#threshold">-threshold <var>value</var></a></td>
   1175     <td>threshold the image</td>
   1176   </tr>
   1177 
   1178   <tr>
   1179     <td><a href="command-line-options.html#thumbnail">-thumbnail <var>geometry</var></a></td>
   1180     <td>create a thumbnail of the image</td>
   1181   </tr>
   1182 
   1183   <tr>
   1184     <td><a href="command-line-options.html#tile">-tile <var>filename</var></a></td>
   1185     <td>tile image when filling a graphic primitive</td>
   1186   </tr>
   1187 
   1188   <tr>
   1189     <td><a href="command-line-options.html#tile-offset">-tile-offset <var>geometry</var></a></td>
   1190     <td>set the image tile offset</td>
   1191   </tr>
   1192 
   1193   <tr>
   1194     <td><a href="command-line-options.html#tint">-tint <var>value</var></a></td>
   1195     <td>tint the image with the fill color</td>
   1196   </tr>
   1197 
   1198   <tr>
   1199     <td><a href="command-line-options.html#transform">-transform</a></td>
   1200     <td>affine transform image</td>
   1201   </tr>
   1202 
   1203   <tr>
   1204     <td><a href="command-line-options.html#transparent">-transparent <var>color</var></a></td>
   1205     <td>make this color transparent within the image</td>
   1206   </tr>
   1207 
   1208   <tr>
   1209     <td><a href="command-line-options.html#transparent-color">-transparent-color <var>color</var></a></td>
   1210     <td>transparent color</td>
   1211   </tr>
   1212 
   1213   <tr>
   1214     <td><a href="command-line-options.html#transpose">-transpose</a></td>
   1215     <td>flip image in the vertical direction and rotate 90 degrees</td>
   1216   </tr>
   1217 
   1218   <tr>
   1219     <td><a href="command-line-options.html#transverse">-transverse</a></td>
   1220     <td>flop image in the horizontal direction and rotate 270 degrees</td>
   1221   </tr>
   1222 
   1223   <tr>
   1224     <td><a href="command-line-options.html#treedepth">-treedepth <var>value</var></a></td>
   1225     <td>color tree depth</td>
   1226   </tr>
   1227 
   1228   <tr>
   1229     <td><a href="command-line-options.html#trim">-trim</a></td>
   1230     <td>trim image edges</td>
   1231   </tr>
   1232 
   1233   <tr>
   1234     <td><a href="command-line-options.html#type">-type <var>type</var></a></td>
   1235     <td>image type</td>
   1236   </tr>
   1237 
   1238   <tr>
   1239     <td><a href="command-line-options.html#undercolor">-undercolor <var>color</var></a></td>
   1240     <td>annotation bounding box color</td>
   1241   </tr>
   1242 
   1243   <tr>
   1244     <td><a href="command-line-options.html#unique-colors">-unique-colors</a></td>
   1245     <td>discard all but one of any pixel color.</td>
   1246   </tr>
   1247 
   1248   <tr>
   1249     <td><a href="command-line-options.html#units">-units <var>type</var></a></td>
   1250     <td>the units of image resolution</td>
   1251   </tr>
   1252 
   1253   <tr>
   1254     <td><a href="command-line-options.html#unsharp">-unsharp <var>geometry</var></a></td>
   1255     <td>sharpen the image</td>
   1256   </tr>
   1257 
   1258   <tr>
   1259     <td><a href="command-line-options.html#verbose">-verbose</a></td>
   1260     <td>print detailed information about the image</td>
   1261   </tr>
   1262 
   1263   <tr>
   1264     <td><a href="command-line-options.html#version">-version</a></td>
   1265     <td>print version information</td>
   1266   </tr>
   1267 
   1268   <tr>
   1269     <td><a href="command-line-options.html#view">-view</a></td>
   1270     <td>FlashPix viewing transforms</td>
   1271   </tr>
   1272 
   1273   <tr>
   1274     <td><a href="command-line-options.html#vignette">-vignette <var>geometry</var></a></td>
   1275     <td>soften the edges of the image in vignette style</td>
   1276   </tr>
   1277 
   1278   <tr>
   1279     <td><a href="command-line-options.html#virtual-pixel">-virtual-pixel <var>method</var></a></td>
   1280     <td>access method for pixels outside the boundaries of the image</td>
   1281   </tr>
   1282 
   1283   <tr>
   1284     <td><a href="command-line-options.html#wave">-wave <var>geometry</var></a></td>
   1285     <td>alter an image along a sine wave</td>
   1286   </tr>
   1287 
   1288   <tr>
   1289     <td><a href="command-line-options.html#wavelet">-wavelet-denoise <var>threshold</var></a></td>
   1290     <td>removes noise from the image using a wavelet transform</td>
   1291   </tr>
   1292 
   1293   <tr>
   1294     <td><a href="command-line-options.html#weight">-weight <var>type</var></a></td>
   1295     <td>render text with this font weight</td>
   1296   </tr>
   1297 
   1298   <tr>
   1299     <td><a href="command-line-options.html#white-point">-white-point <var>point</var></a></td>
   1300     <td>chromaticity white point</td>
   1301   </tr>
   1302 
   1303   <tr>
   1304     <td><a href="command-line-options.html#white-threshold">-white-threshold <var>value</var></a></td>
   1305     <td>force all pixels above the threshold into white</td>
   1306   </tr>
   1307 
   1308   <tr>
   1309     <td><a href="command-line-options.html#write">-write <var>filename</var></a></td>
   1310     <td>write images to this file</td>
   1311   </tr>
   1312 
   1313   <tr>
   1314     <td><a href="command-line-options.html#write-mask">-write-mask <var>filename</var></a></td>
   1315     <td>associate a write mask with the image</td>
   1316   </tr>
   1317 
   1318   </tbody>
   1319 </table>
   1320 
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