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      1 /*
      2  * create_inode.c --- create an inode
      3  *
      4  * Copyright (C) 2014 Robert Yang <liezhi.yang (at) windriver.com>
      5  *
      6  * %Begin-Header%
      7  * This file may be redistributed under the terms of the GNU library
      8  * General Public License, version 2.
      9  * %End-Header%
     10  */
     11 
     12 #define _FILE_OFFSET_BITS       64
     13 #define _LARGEFILE64_SOURCE     1
     14 #define _GNU_SOURCE		1
     15 
     16 #include "config.h"
     17 #include <time.h>
     18 #include <sys/stat.h>
     19 #include <sys/types.h>
     20 #include <unistd.h>
     21 #include <limits.h> /* for PATH_MAX */
     22 #include <dirent.h> /* for scandir() and alphasort() */
     23 #if defined HAVE_SYS_XATTR_H
     24 #include <sys/xattr.h>
     25 #elif defined HAVE_ATTR_XATTR_H
     26 #include <attr/xattr.h>
     27 #endif
     28 #ifdef HAVE_SYS_IOCTL_H
     29 #include <sys/ioctl.h>
     30 #endif
     31 #ifdef HAVE_SYS_SYSMACROS_H
     32 #include <sys/sysmacros.h>
     33 #endif
     34 
     35 #include <ext2fs/ext2fs.h>
     36 #include <ext2fs/ext2_types.h>
     37 #include <ext2fs/fiemap.h>
     38 
     39 #include "create_inode.h"
     40 #include "support/nls-enable.h"
     41 
     42 /* 64KiB is the minimum blksize to best minimize system call overhead. */
     43 #define COPY_FILE_BUFLEN	65536
     44 
     45 static int ext2_file_type(unsigned int mode)
     46 {
     47 	if (LINUX_S_ISREG(mode))
     48 		return EXT2_FT_REG_FILE;
     49 
     50 	if (LINUX_S_ISDIR(mode))
     51 		return EXT2_FT_DIR;
     52 
     53 	if (LINUX_S_ISCHR(mode))
     54 		return EXT2_FT_CHRDEV;
     55 
     56 	if (LINUX_S_ISBLK(mode))
     57 		return EXT2_FT_BLKDEV;
     58 
     59 	if (LINUX_S_ISLNK(mode))
     60 		return EXT2_FT_SYMLINK;
     61 
     62 	if (LINUX_S_ISFIFO(mode))
     63 		return EXT2_FT_FIFO;
     64 
     65 	if (LINUX_S_ISSOCK(mode))
     66 		return EXT2_FT_SOCK;
     67 
     68 	return 0;
     69 }
     70 
     71 /* Link an inode number to a directory */
     72 static errcode_t add_link(ext2_filsys fs, ext2_ino_t parent_ino,
     73 			  ext2_ino_t ino, const char *name)
     74 {
     75 	struct ext2_inode	inode;
     76 	errcode_t		retval;
     77 
     78 	retval = ext2fs_read_inode(fs, ino, &inode);
     79         if (retval) {
     80 		com_err(__func__, retval, _("while reading inode %u"), ino);
     81 		return retval;
     82 	}
     83 
     84 	retval = ext2fs_link(fs, parent_ino, name, ino,
     85 			     ext2_file_type(inode.i_mode));
     86 	if (retval == EXT2_ET_DIR_NO_SPACE) {
     87 		retval = ext2fs_expand_dir(fs, parent_ino);
     88 		if (retval) {
     89 			com_err(__func__, retval,
     90 				_("while expanding directory"));
     91 			return retval;
     92 		}
     93 		retval = ext2fs_link(fs, parent_ino, name, ino,
     94 				     ext2_file_type(inode.i_mode));
     95 	}
     96 	if (retval) {
     97 		com_err(__func__, retval, _("while linking \"%s\""), name);
     98 		return retval;
     99 	}
    100 
    101 	inode.i_links_count++;
    102 
    103 	retval = ext2fs_write_inode(fs, ino, &inode);
    104 	if (retval)
    105 		com_err(__func__, retval, _("while writing inode %u"), ino);
    106 
    107 	return retval;
    108 }
    109 
    110 /* Set the uid, gid, mode and time for the inode */
    111 static errcode_t set_inode_extra(ext2_filsys fs, ext2_ino_t ino,
    112 				 struct stat *st)
    113 {
    114 	errcode_t		retval;
    115 	struct ext2_inode	inode;
    116 
    117 	retval = ext2fs_read_inode(fs, ino, &inode);
    118         if (retval) {
    119 		com_err(__func__, retval, _("while reading inode %u"), ino);
    120 		return retval;
    121 	}
    122 
    123 	inode.i_uid = st->st_uid;
    124 	inode.i_gid = st->st_gid;
    125 	inode.i_mode |= st->st_mode;
    126 	inode.i_atime = st->st_atime;
    127 	inode.i_mtime = st->st_mtime;
    128 	inode.i_ctime = st->st_ctime;
    129 
    130 	retval = ext2fs_write_inode(fs, ino, &inode);
    131 	if (retval)
    132 		com_err(__func__, retval, _("while writing inode %u"), ino);
    133 	return retval;
    134 }
    135 
    136 #ifdef HAVE_LLISTXATTR
    137 static errcode_t set_inode_xattr(ext2_filsys fs, ext2_ino_t ino,
    138 				 const char *filename)
    139 {
    140 	errcode_t			retval, close_retval;
    141 	struct ext2_xattr_handle	*handle;
    142 	ssize_t				size, value_size;
    143 	char				*list = NULL;
    144 	int				i;
    145 
    146 	if (no_copy_xattrs)
    147 		return 0;
    148 
    149 	size = llistxattr(filename, NULL, 0);
    150 	if (size == -1) {
    151 		retval = errno;
    152 		com_err(__func__, retval, _("while listing attributes of \"%s\""),
    153 			filename);
    154 		return retval;
    155 	} else if (size == 0) {
    156 		return 0;
    157 	}
    158 
    159 	retval = ext2fs_xattrs_open(fs, ino, &handle);
    160 	if (retval) {
    161 		if (retval == EXT2_ET_MISSING_EA_FEATURE)
    162 			return 0;
    163 		com_err(__func__, retval, _("while opening inode %u"), ino);
    164 		return retval;
    165 	}
    166 
    167 	retval = ext2fs_get_mem(size, &list);
    168 	if (retval) {
    169 		com_err(__func__, retval, _("while allocating memory"));
    170 		goto out;
    171 	}
    172 
    173 	size = llistxattr(filename, list, size);
    174 	if (size == -1) {
    175 		retval = errno;
    176 		com_err(__func__, retval, _("while listing attributes of \"%s\""),
    177 			filename);
    178 		goto out;
    179         }
    180 
    181 	for (i = 0; i < size; i += strlen(&list[i]) + 1) {
    182 		const char *name = &list[i];
    183 		char *value;
    184 
    185 		value_size = lgetxattr(filename, name, NULL, 0);
    186 		if (value_size == -1) {
    187 			retval = errno;
    188 			com_err(__func__, retval,
    189 				_("while reading attribute \"%s\" of \"%s\""),
    190 				name, filename);
    191 			break;
    192 		}
    193 
    194 		retval = ext2fs_get_mem(value_size, &value);
    195 		if (retval) {
    196 			com_err(__func__, retval, _("while allocating memory"));
    197 			break;
    198 		}
    199 
    200 		value_size = lgetxattr(filename, name, value, value_size);
    201 		if (value_size == -1) {
    202 			ext2fs_free_mem(&value);
    203 			retval = errno;
    204 			com_err(__func__, retval,
    205 				_("while reading attribute \"%s\" of \"%s\""),
    206 				name, filename);
    207 			break;
    208 		}
    209 
    210 		retval = ext2fs_xattr_set(handle, name, value, value_size);
    211 		ext2fs_free_mem(&value);
    212 		if (retval) {
    213 			com_err(__func__, retval,
    214 				_("while writing attribute \"%s\" to inode %u"),
    215 				name, ino);
    216 			break;
    217 		}
    218 
    219 	}
    220  out:
    221 	ext2fs_free_mem(&list);
    222 	close_retval = ext2fs_xattrs_close(&handle);
    223 	if (close_retval) {
    224 		com_err(__func__, retval, _("while closing inode %u"), ino);
    225 		retval = retval ? retval : close_retval;
    226 	}
    227 	return retval;
    228 	return 0;
    229 }
    230 #else /* HAVE_LLISTXATTR */
    231 static errcode_t set_inode_xattr(ext2_filsys fs EXT2FS_ATTR((unused)),
    232 				 ext2_ino_t ino EXT2FS_ATTR((unused)),
    233 				 const char *filename EXT2FS_ATTR((unused)))
    234 {
    235 	return 0;
    236 }
    237 #endif  /* HAVE_LLISTXATTR */
    238 
    239 #ifndef _WIN32
    240 /* Make a special files (block and character devices), fifo's, and sockets  */
    241 errcode_t do_mknod_internal(ext2_filsys fs, ext2_ino_t cwd, const char *name,
    242 			    unsigned int st_mode, unsigned int st_rdev)
    243 {
    244 	ext2_ino_t		ino;
    245 	errcode_t		retval;
    246 	struct ext2_inode	inode;
    247 	unsigned long		devmajor, devminor, mode;
    248 	int			filetype;
    249 
    250 	switch(st_mode & S_IFMT) {
    251 	case S_IFCHR:
    252 		mode = LINUX_S_IFCHR;
    253 		filetype = EXT2_FT_CHRDEV;
    254 		break;
    255 	case S_IFBLK:
    256 		mode = LINUX_S_IFBLK;
    257 		filetype =  EXT2_FT_BLKDEV;
    258 		break;
    259 	case S_IFIFO:
    260 		mode = LINUX_S_IFIFO;
    261 		filetype = EXT2_FT_FIFO;
    262 		break;
    263 #ifndef _WIN32
    264 	case S_IFSOCK:
    265 		mode = LINUX_S_IFSOCK;
    266 		filetype = EXT2_FT_SOCK;
    267 		break;
    268 #endif
    269 	default:
    270 		return EXT2_ET_INVALID_ARGUMENT;
    271 	}
    272 
    273 	retval = ext2fs_new_inode(fs, cwd, 010755, 0, &ino);
    274 	if (retval) {
    275 		com_err(__func__, retval, _("while allocating inode \"%s\""),
    276 			name);
    277 		return retval;
    278 	}
    279 
    280 #ifdef DEBUGFS
    281 	printf("Allocated inode: %u\n", ino);
    282 #endif
    283 	retval = ext2fs_link(fs, cwd, name, ino, filetype);
    284 	if (retval == EXT2_ET_DIR_NO_SPACE) {
    285 		retval = ext2fs_expand_dir(fs, cwd);
    286 		if (retval) {
    287 			com_err(__func__, retval,
    288 				_("while expanding directory"));
    289 			return retval;
    290 		}
    291 		retval = ext2fs_link(fs, cwd, name, ino, filetype);
    292 	}
    293 	if (retval) {
    294 		com_err(name, retval, _("while creating inode \"%s\""), name);
    295 		return retval;
    296 	}
    297 	if (ext2fs_test_inode_bitmap2(fs->inode_map, ino))
    298 		com_err(__func__, 0, "Warning: inode already set");
    299 	ext2fs_inode_alloc_stats2(fs, ino, +1, 0);
    300 	memset(&inode, 0, sizeof(inode));
    301 	inode.i_mode = mode;
    302 	inode.i_atime = inode.i_ctime = inode.i_mtime =
    303 		fs->now ? fs->now : time(0);
    304 
    305 	if (filetype != S_IFIFO) {
    306 		devmajor = major(st_rdev);
    307 		devminor = minor(st_rdev);
    308 
    309 		if ((devmajor < 256) && (devminor < 256)) {
    310 			inode.i_block[0] = devmajor * 256 + devminor;
    311 			inode.i_block[1] = 0;
    312 		} else {
    313 			inode.i_block[0] = 0;
    314 			inode.i_block[1] = (devminor & 0xff) | (devmajor << 8) |
    315 					   ((devminor & ~0xff) << 12);
    316 		}
    317 	}
    318 	inode.i_links_count = 1;
    319 
    320 	retval = ext2fs_write_new_inode(fs, ino, &inode);
    321 	if (retval)
    322 		com_err(__func__, retval, _("while writing inode %u"), ino);
    323 
    324 	return retval;
    325 }
    326 #endif
    327 
    328 /* Make a symlink name -> target */
    329 errcode_t do_symlink_internal(ext2_filsys fs, ext2_ino_t cwd, const char *name,
    330 			      char *target, ext2_ino_t root)
    331 {
    332 	char			*cp;
    333 	ext2_ino_t		parent_ino;
    334 	errcode_t		retval;
    335 
    336 	cp = strrchr(name, '/');
    337 	if (cp) {
    338 		*cp = 0;
    339 		retval = ext2fs_namei(fs, root, cwd, name, &parent_ino);
    340 		if (retval) {
    341 			com_err(name, retval, 0);
    342 			return retval;
    343 		}
    344 		name = cp+1;
    345 	} else
    346 		parent_ino = cwd;
    347 
    348 	retval = ext2fs_symlink(fs, parent_ino, 0, name, target);
    349 	if (retval == EXT2_ET_DIR_NO_SPACE) {
    350 		retval = ext2fs_expand_dir(fs, parent_ino);
    351 		if (retval) {
    352 			com_err("do_symlink_internal", retval,
    353 				_("while expanding directory"));
    354 			return retval;
    355 		}
    356 		retval = ext2fs_symlink(fs, parent_ino, 0, name, target);
    357 	}
    358 	if (retval)
    359 		com_err("ext2fs_symlink", retval,
    360 			_("while creating symlink \"%s\""), name);
    361 	return retval;
    362 }
    363 
    364 /* Make a directory in the fs */
    365 errcode_t do_mkdir_internal(ext2_filsys fs, ext2_ino_t cwd, const char *name,
    366 			    ext2_ino_t root)
    367 {
    368 	char			*cp;
    369 	ext2_ino_t		parent_ino;
    370 	errcode_t		retval;
    371 
    372 
    373 	cp = strrchr(name, '/');
    374 	if (cp) {
    375 		*cp = 0;
    376 		retval = ext2fs_namei(fs, root, cwd, name, &parent_ino);
    377 		if (retval) {
    378 			com_err(name, retval, _("while looking up \"%s\""),
    379 				name);
    380 			return retval;
    381 		}
    382 		name = cp+1;
    383 	} else
    384 		parent_ino = cwd;
    385 
    386 	retval = ext2fs_mkdir(fs, parent_ino, 0, name);
    387 	if (retval == EXT2_ET_DIR_NO_SPACE) {
    388 		retval = ext2fs_expand_dir(fs, parent_ino);
    389 		if (retval) {
    390 			com_err(__func__, retval,
    391 				_("while expanding directory"));
    392 			return retval;
    393 		}
    394 		retval = ext2fs_mkdir(fs, parent_ino, 0, name);
    395 	}
    396 	if (retval)
    397 		com_err("ext2fs_mkdir", retval,
    398 			_("while creating directory \"%s\""), name);
    399 	return retval;
    400 }
    401 
    402 #if !defined HAVE_PREAD64 && !defined HAVE_PREAD
    403 static ssize_t my_pread(int fd, void *buf, size_t count, off_t offset)
    404 {
    405 	if (lseek(fd, offset, SEEK_SET) < 0)
    406 		return 0;
    407 
    408 	return read(fd, buf, count);
    409 }
    410 #endif /* !defined HAVE_PREAD64 && !defined HAVE_PREAD */
    411 
    412 static errcode_t copy_file_chunk(ext2_filsys fs, int fd, ext2_file_t e2_file,
    413 				 off_t start, off_t end, char *buf,
    414 				 char *zerobuf)
    415 {
    416 	off_t off, bpos;
    417 	ssize_t got, blen;
    418 	unsigned int written;
    419 	char *ptr;
    420 	errcode_t err = 0;
    421 
    422 	for (off = start; off < end; off += COPY_FILE_BUFLEN) {
    423 #ifdef HAVE_PREAD64
    424 		got = pread64(fd, buf, COPY_FILE_BUFLEN, off);
    425 #elif HAVE_PREAD
    426 		got = pread(fd, buf, COPY_FILE_BUFLEN, off);
    427 #else
    428 		got = my_pread(fd, buf, COPY_FILE_BUFLEN, off);
    429 #endif
    430 		if (got < 0) {
    431 			err = errno;
    432 			goto fail;
    433 		}
    434 		for (bpos = 0, ptr = buf; bpos < got; bpos += fs->blocksize) {
    435 			blen = fs->blocksize;
    436 			if (blen > got - bpos)
    437 				blen = got - bpos;
    438 			if (memcmp(ptr, zerobuf, blen) == 0) {
    439 				ptr += blen;
    440 				continue;
    441 			}
    442 			err = ext2fs_file_llseek(e2_file, off + bpos,
    443 						 EXT2_SEEK_SET, NULL);
    444 			if (err)
    445 				goto fail;
    446 			while (blen > 0) {
    447 				err = ext2fs_file_write(e2_file, ptr, blen,
    448 							&written);
    449 				if (err)
    450 					goto fail;
    451 				if (written == 0) {
    452 					err = EIO;
    453 					goto fail;
    454 				}
    455 				blen -= written;
    456 				ptr += written;
    457 			}
    458 		}
    459 	}
    460 fail:
    461 	return err;
    462 }
    463 
    464 #if defined(SEEK_DATA) && defined(SEEK_HOLE)
    465 static errcode_t try_lseek_copy(ext2_filsys fs, int fd, struct stat *statbuf,
    466 				ext2_file_t e2_file, char *buf, char *zerobuf)
    467 {
    468 	off_t data = 0, hole;
    469 	off_t data_blk, hole_blk;
    470 	errcode_t err = 0;
    471 
    472 	/* Try to use SEEK_DATA and SEEK_HOLE */
    473 	while (data < statbuf->st_size) {
    474 		data = lseek(fd, data, SEEK_DATA);
    475 		if (data < 0) {
    476 			if (errno == ENXIO)
    477 				break;
    478 			return EXT2_ET_UNIMPLEMENTED;
    479 		}
    480 		hole = lseek(fd, data, SEEK_HOLE);
    481 		if (hole < 0)
    482 			return EXT2_ET_UNIMPLEMENTED;
    483 
    484 		data_blk = data & ~(off_t)(fs->blocksize - 1);
    485 		hole_blk = (hole + (fs->blocksize - 1)) & ~(off_t)(fs->blocksize - 1);
    486 		err = copy_file_chunk(fs, fd, e2_file, data_blk, hole_blk, buf,
    487 				      zerobuf);
    488 		if (err)
    489 			return err;
    490 
    491 		data = hole;
    492 	}
    493 
    494 	return err;
    495 }
    496 #endif /* SEEK_DATA and SEEK_HOLE */
    497 
    498 #if defined(FS_IOC_FIEMAP)
    499 static errcode_t try_fiemap_copy(ext2_filsys fs, int fd, ext2_file_t e2_file,
    500 				 char *buf, char *zerobuf)
    501 {
    502 #define EXTENT_MAX_COUNT 512
    503 	struct fiemap *fiemap_buf;
    504 	struct fiemap_extent *ext_buf, *ext;
    505 	int ext_buf_size, fie_buf_size;
    506 	off_t pos = 0;
    507 	unsigned int i;
    508 	errcode_t err;
    509 
    510 	ext_buf_size = EXTENT_MAX_COUNT * sizeof(struct fiemap_extent);
    511 	fie_buf_size = sizeof(struct fiemap) + ext_buf_size;
    512 
    513 	err = ext2fs_get_memzero(fie_buf_size, &fiemap_buf);
    514 	if (err)
    515 		return err;
    516 
    517 	ext_buf = fiemap_buf->fm_extents;
    518 	memset(fiemap_buf, 0, fie_buf_size);
    519 	fiemap_buf->fm_length = FIEMAP_MAX_OFFSET;
    520 	fiemap_buf->fm_flags |= FIEMAP_FLAG_SYNC;
    521 	fiemap_buf->fm_extent_count = EXTENT_MAX_COUNT;
    522 
    523 	do {
    524 		fiemap_buf->fm_start = pos;
    525 		memset(ext_buf, 0, ext_buf_size);
    526 		err = ioctl(fd, FS_IOC_FIEMAP, fiemap_buf);
    527 		if (err < 0 && (errno == EOPNOTSUPP || errno == ENOTTY)) {
    528 			err = EXT2_ET_UNIMPLEMENTED;
    529 			goto out;
    530 		} else if (err < 0) {
    531 			err = errno;
    532 			goto out;
    533 		} else if (fiemap_buf->fm_mapped_extents == 0)
    534 			goto out;
    535 		for (i = 0, ext = ext_buf; i < fiemap_buf->fm_mapped_extents;
    536 		     i++, ext++) {
    537 			err = copy_file_chunk(fs, fd, e2_file, ext->fe_logical,
    538 					      ext->fe_logical + ext->fe_length,
    539 					      buf, zerobuf);
    540 			if (err)
    541 				goto out;
    542 		}
    543 
    544 		ext--;
    545 		/* Record file's logical offset this time */
    546 		pos = ext->fe_logical + ext->fe_length;
    547 		/*
    548 		 * If fm_extents array has been filled and
    549 		 * there are extents left, continue to cycle.
    550 		 */
    551 	} while (fiemap_buf->fm_mapped_extents == EXTENT_MAX_COUNT &&
    552 		 !(ext->fe_flags & FIEMAP_EXTENT_LAST));
    553 out:
    554 	ext2fs_free_mem(&fiemap_buf);
    555 	return err;
    556 }
    557 #endif /* FS_IOC_FIEMAP */
    558 
    559 static errcode_t copy_file(ext2_filsys fs, int fd, struct stat *statbuf,
    560 			   ext2_ino_t ino)
    561 {
    562 	ext2_file_t e2_file;
    563 	char *buf = NULL, *zerobuf = NULL;
    564 	errcode_t err, close_err;
    565 
    566 	err = ext2fs_file_open(fs, ino, EXT2_FILE_WRITE, &e2_file);
    567 	if (err)
    568 		return err;
    569 
    570 	err = ext2fs_get_mem(COPY_FILE_BUFLEN, &buf);
    571 	if (err)
    572 		goto out;
    573 
    574 	err = ext2fs_get_memzero(fs->blocksize, &zerobuf);
    575 	if (err)
    576 		goto out;
    577 
    578 #if defined(SEEK_DATA) && defined(SEEK_HOLE)
    579 	err = try_lseek_copy(fs, fd, statbuf, e2_file, buf, zerobuf);
    580 	if (err != EXT2_ET_UNIMPLEMENTED)
    581 		goto out;
    582 #endif
    583 
    584 #if defined(FS_IOC_FIEMAP)
    585 	err = try_fiemap_copy(fs, fd, e2_file, buf, zerobuf);
    586 	if (err != EXT2_ET_UNIMPLEMENTED)
    587 		goto out;
    588 #endif
    589 
    590 	err = copy_file_chunk(fs, fd, e2_file, 0, statbuf->st_size, buf,
    591 			      zerobuf);
    592 out:
    593 	ext2fs_free_mem(&zerobuf);
    594 	ext2fs_free_mem(&buf);
    595 	close_err = ext2fs_file_close(e2_file);
    596 	if (err == 0)
    597 		err = close_err;
    598 	return err;
    599 }
    600 
    601 static int is_hardlink(struct hdlinks_s *hdlinks, dev_t dev, ino_t ino)
    602 {
    603 	int i;
    604 
    605 	for (i = 0; i < hdlinks->count; i++) {
    606 		if (hdlinks->hdl[i].src_dev == dev &&
    607 		    hdlinks->hdl[i].src_ino == ino)
    608 			return i;
    609 	}
    610 	return -1;
    611 }
    612 
    613 /* Copy the native file to the fs */
    614 errcode_t do_write_internal(ext2_filsys fs, ext2_ino_t cwd, const char *src,
    615 			    const char *dest, ext2_ino_t root)
    616 {
    617 	int		fd;
    618 	struct stat	statbuf;
    619 	ext2_ino_t	newfile;
    620 	errcode_t	retval;
    621 	struct ext2_inode inode;
    622 
    623 	fd = ext2fs_open_file(src, O_RDONLY, 0);
    624 	if (fd < 0) {
    625 		retval = errno;
    626 		com_err(__func__, retval, _("while opening \"%s\" to copy"),
    627 			src);
    628 		return retval;
    629 	}
    630 	if (fstat(fd, &statbuf) < 0) {
    631 		retval = errno;
    632 		goto out;
    633 	}
    634 
    635 	retval = ext2fs_namei(fs, root, cwd, dest, &newfile);
    636 	if (retval == 0) {
    637 		retval = EXT2_ET_FILE_EXISTS;
    638 		goto out;
    639 	}
    640 
    641 	retval = ext2fs_new_inode(fs, cwd, 010755, 0, &newfile);
    642 	if (retval)
    643 		goto out;
    644 #ifdef DEBUGFS
    645 	printf("Allocated inode: %u\n", newfile);
    646 #endif
    647 	retval = ext2fs_link(fs, cwd, dest, newfile,
    648 				EXT2_FT_REG_FILE);
    649 	if (retval == EXT2_ET_DIR_NO_SPACE) {
    650 		retval = ext2fs_expand_dir(fs, cwd);
    651 		if (retval)
    652 			goto out;
    653 		retval = ext2fs_link(fs, cwd, dest, newfile,
    654 					EXT2_FT_REG_FILE);
    655 	}
    656 	if (retval)
    657 		goto out;
    658 	if (ext2fs_test_inode_bitmap2(fs->inode_map, newfile))
    659 		com_err(__func__, 0, "Warning: inode already set");
    660 	ext2fs_inode_alloc_stats2(fs, newfile, +1, 0);
    661 	memset(&inode, 0, sizeof(inode));
    662 	inode.i_mode = (statbuf.st_mode & ~LINUX_S_IFMT) | LINUX_S_IFREG;
    663 	inode.i_atime = inode.i_ctime = inode.i_mtime =
    664 		fs->now ? fs->now : time(0);
    665 	inode.i_links_count = 1;
    666 	retval = ext2fs_inode_size_set(fs, &inode, statbuf.st_size);
    667 	if (retval)
    668 		goto out;
    669 	if (ext2fs_has_feature_inline_data(fs->super)) {
    670 		inode.i_flags |= EXT4_INLINE_DATA_FL;
    671 	} else if (ext2fs_has_feature_extents(fs->super)) {
    672 		ext2_extent_handle_t handle;
    673 
    674 		inode.i_flags &= ~EXT4_EXTENTS_FL;
    675 		retval = ext2fs_extent_open2(fs, newfile, &inode, &handle);
    676 		if (retval)
    677 			goto out;
    678 		ext2fs_extent_free(handle);
    679 	}
    680 
    681 	retval = ext2fs_write_new_inode(fs, newfile, &inode);
    682 	if (retval)
    683 		goto out;
    684 	if (inode.i_flags & EXT4_INLINE_DATA_FL) {
    685 		retval = ext2fs_inline_data_init(fs, newfile);
    686 		if (retval)
    687 			goto out;
    688 	}
    689 	if (LINUX_S_ISREG(inode.i_mode)) {
    690 		retval = copy_file(fs, fd, &statbuf, newfile);
    691 		if (retval)
    692 			goto out;
    693 	}
    694 out:
    695 	close(fd);
    696 	return retval;
    697 }
    698 
    699 struct file_info {
    700 	char *path;
    701 	size_t path_len;
    702 	size_t path_max_len;
    703 };
    704 
    705 static errcode_t path_append(struct file_info *target, const char *file)
    706 {
    707 	if (strlen(file) + target->path_len + 1 > target->path_max_len) {
    708 		target->path_max_len *= 2;
    709 		target->path = realloc(target->path, target->path_max_len);
    710 		if (!target->path)
    711 			return EXT2_ET_NO_MEMORY;
    712 	}
    713 	target->path_len += sprintf(target->path + target->path_len, "/%s",
    714 				    file);
    715 	return 0;
    716 }
    717 
    718 #ifdef _WIN32
    719 static int scandir(const char *dir_name, struct dirent ***name_list,
    720 		   int (*filter)(const struct dirent*),
    721 		   int (*compar)(const struct dirent**, const struct dirent**)) {
    722 	DIR *dir;
    723 	struct dirent *dent;
    724 	struct dirent **temp_list = NULL;
    725 	size_t temp_list_size = 0; // unit: num of dirent
    726 	size_t num_dent = 0;
    727 
    728 	dir = opendir(dir_name);
    729 	if (dir == NULL) {
    730 		return -1;
    731 	}
    732 
    733 	while ((dent = readdir(dir))) {
    734 		if (filter != NULL && !(*filter)(dent))
    735 			continue;
    736 
    737 		// re-allocate the list
    738 		if (num_dent == temp_list_size) {
    739 			size_t new_list_size = temp_list_size + 32;
    740 			struct dirent **new_list = (struct dirent**)realloc(
    741 				temp_list, new_list_size * sizeof(struct dirent*));
    742 			if (new_list == NULL) {
    743 				goto out;
    744 			}
    745 			temp_list_size = new_list_size;
    746 			temp_list = new_list;
    747 		}
    748 		// add the copy of dirent to the list
    749 		temp_list[num_dent] = (struct dirent*)malloc((dent->d_reclen + 3) & ~3);
    750 		memcpy(temp_list[num_dent], dent, dent->d_reclen);
    751 		num_dent++;
    752 	}
    753 
    754 	if (compar != NULL) {
    755 		qsort(temp_list, num_dent, sizeof(struct dirent*),
    756 		      (int (*)(const void*, const void*))compar);
    757 	}
    758 
    759         // release the temp list
    760 	*name_list = temp_list;
    761 	temp_list = NULL;
    762 
    763 out:
    764 	if (temp_list != NULL) {
    765 		while (num_dent > 0) {
    766 			free(temp_list[--num_dent]);
    767 		}
    768 		free(temp_list);
    769 		num_dent = -1;
    770 	}
    771 	closedir(dir);
    772 	return num_dent;
    773 }
    774 
    775 static int alphasort(const struct dirent **a, const struct dirent **b) {
    776 	return strcoll((*a)->d_name, (*b)->d_name);
    777 }
    778 #endif
    779 
    780 /* Copy files from source_dir to fs in alphabetical order */
    781 static errcode_t __populate_fs(ext2_filsys fs, ext2_ino_t parent_ino,
    782 			       const char *source_dir, ext2_ino_t root,
    783 			       struct hdlinks_s *hdlinks,
    784 			       struct file_info *target,
    785 			       struct fs_ops_callbacks *fs_callbacks)
    786 {
    787 	const char	*name;
    788 	struct dirent	**dent;
    789 	struct stat	st;
    790 	char		*ln_target = NULL;
    791 	unsigned int	save_inode;
    792 	ext2_ino_t	ino;
    793 	errcode_t	retval = 0;
    794 	int		read_cnt;
    795 	int		hdlink;
    796 	size_t		cur_dir_path_len;
    797 	int		i, num_dents;
    798 
    799 	if (chdir(source_dir) < 0) {
    800 		retval = errno;
    801 		com_err(__func__, retval,
    802 			_("while changing working directory to \"%s\""),
    803 			source_dir);
    804 		return retval;
    805 	}
    806 
    807 	num_dents = scandir(".", &dent, NULL, alphasort);
    808 
    809 	if (num_dents < 0) {
    810 		retval = errno;
    811 		com_err(__func__, retval,
    812 			_("while scanning directory \"%s\""), source_dir);
    813 		return retval;
    814 	}
    815 
    816 	for (i = 0; i < num_dents; free(dent[i]), i++) {
    817 		name = dent[i]->d_name;
    818 		if ((!strcmp(name, ".")) || (!strcmp(name, "..")))
    819 			continue;
    820 		if (lstat(name, &st)) {
    821 			retval = errno;
    822 			com_err(__func__, retval, _("while lstat \"%s\""),
    823 				name);
    824 			goto out;
    825 		}
    826 
    827 		/* Check for hardlinks */
    828 		save_inode = 0;
    829 		if (!S_ISDIR(st.st_mode) && !S_ISLNK(st.st_mode) &&
    830 		    st.st_nlink > 1) {
    831 			hdlink = is_hardlink(hdlinks, st.st_dev, st.st_ino);
    832 			if (hdlink >= 0) {
    833 				retval = add_link(fs, parent_ino,
    834 						  hdlinks->hdl[hdlink].dst_ino,
    835 						  name);
    836 				if (retval) {
    837 					com_err(__func__, retval,
    838 						"while linking %s", name);
    839 					goto out;
    840 				}
    841 				continue;
    842 			} else
    843 				save_inode = 1;
    844 		}
    845 
    846 		cur_dir_path_len = target->path_len;
    847 		retval = path_append(target, name);
    848 		if (retval) {
    849 			com_err(__func__, retval,
    850 				"while appending %s", name);
    851 			goto out;
    852 		}
    853 
    854 		if (fs_callbacks && fs_callbacks->create_new_inode) {
    855 			retval = fs_callbacks->create_new_inode(fs,
    856 				target->path, name, parent_ino, root,
    857 				st.st_mode & S_IFMT);
    858 			if (retval)
    859 				goto out;
    860 		}
    861 
    862 		switch(st.st_mode & S_IFMT) {
    863 		case S_IFCHR:
    864 		case S_IFBLK:
    865 		case S_IFIFO:
    866 #ifndef _WIN32
    867 		case S_IFSOCK:
    868 			retval = do_mknod_internal(fs, parent_ino, name,
    869 						   st.st_mode, st.st_rdev);
    870 			if (retval) {
    871 				com_err(__func__, retval,
    872 					_("while creating special file "
    873 					  "\"%s\""), name);
    874 				goto out;
    875 			}
    876 			break;
    877 		case S_IFLNK:
    878 			ln_target = malloc(st.st_size + 1);
    879 			if (ln_target == NULL) {
    880 				com_err(__func__, retval,
    881 					_("malloc failed"));
    882 				goto out;
    883 			}
    884 			read_cnt = readlink(name, ln_target,
    885 					    st.st_size + 1);
    886 			if (read_cnt == -1) {
    887 				retval = errno;
    888 				com_err(__func__, retval,
    889 					_("while trying to read link \"%s\""),
    890 					name);
    891 				free(ln_target);
    892 				goto out;
    893 			}
    894 			if (read_cnt > st.st_size) {
    895 				com_err(__func__, retval,
    896 					_("symlink increased in size "
    897 					  "between lstat() and readlink()"));
    898 				free(ln_target);
    899 				goto out;
    900 			}
    901 			ln_target[read_cnt] = '\0';
    902 			retval = do_symlink_internal(fs, parent_ino, name,
    903 						     ln_target, root);
    904 			free(ln_target);
    905 			if (retval) {
    906 				com_err(__func__, retval,
    907 					_("while writing symlink\"%s\""),
    908 					name);
    909 				goto out;
    910 			}
    911 			break;
    912 #endif
    913 		case S_IFREG:
    914 			retval = do_write_internal(fs, parent_ino, name, name,
    915 						   root);
    916 			if (retval) {
    917 				com_err(__func__, retval,
    918 					_("while writing file \"%s\""), name);
    919 				goto out;
    920 			}
    921 			break;
    922 		case S_IFDIR:
    923 			/* Don't choke on /lost+found */
    924 			if (parent_ino == EXT2_ROOT_INO &&
    925 			    strcmp(name, "lost+found") == 0)
    926 				goto find_lnf;
    927 			retval = do_mkdir_internal(fs, parent_ino, name,
    928 						   root);
    929 			if (retval) {
    930 				com_err(__func__, retval,
    931 					_("while making dir \"%s\""), name);
    932 				goto out;
    933 			}
    934 find_lnf:
    935 			retval = ext2fs_namei(fs, root, parent_ino,
    936 					      name, &ino);
    937 			if (retval) {
    938 				com_err(name, retval, 0);
    939 					goto out;
    940 			}
    941 			/* Populate the dir recursively*/
    942 			retval = __populate_fs(fs, ino, name, root, hdlinks,
    943 					       target, fs_callbacks);
    944 			if (retval)
    945 				goto out;
    946 			if (chdir("..")) {
    947 				retval = errno;
    948 				com_err(__func__, retval,
    949 					_("while changing directory"));
    950 				goto out;
    951 			}
    952 			break;
    953 		default:
    954 			com_err(__func__, 0,
    955 				_("ignoring entry \"%s\""), name);
    956 		}
    957 
    958 		retval =  ext2fs_namei(fs, root, parent_ino, name, &ino);
    959 		if (retval) {
    960 			com_err(name, retval, _("while looking up \"%s\""),
    961 				name);
    962 			goto out;
    963 		}
    964 
    965 		retval = set_inode_extra(fs, ino, &st);
    966 		if (retval) {
    967 			com_err(__func__, retval,
    968 				_("while setting inode for \"%s\""), name);
    969 			goto out;
    970 		}
    971 
    972 		retval = set_inode_xattr(fs, ino, name);
    973 		if (retval) {
    974 			com_err(__func__, retval,
    975 				_("while setting xattrs for \"%s\""), name);
    976 			goto out;
    977 		}
    978 
    979 		if (fs_callbacks && fs_callbacks->end_create_new_inode) {
    980 			retval = fs_callbacks->end_create_new_inode(fs,
    981 				target->path, name, parent_ino, root,
    982 				st.st_mode & S_IFMT);
    983 			if (retval)
    984 				goto out;
    985 		}
    986 
    987 		/* Save the hardlink ino */
    988 		if (save_inode) {
    989 			/*
    990 			 * Check whether need more memory, and we don't need
    991 			 * free() since the lifespan will be over after the fs
    992 			 * populated.
    993 			 */
    994 			if (hdlinks->count == hdlinks->size) {
    995 				void *p = realloc(hdlinks->hdl,
    996 						(hdlinks->size + HDLINK_CNT) *
    997 						sizeof(struct hdlink_s));
    998 				if (p == NULL) {
    999 					retval = EXT2_ET_NO_MEMORY;
   1000 					com_err(name, retval,
   1001 						_("while saving inode data"));
   1002 					goto out;
   1003 				}
   1004 				hdlinks->hdl = p;
   1005 				hdlinks->size += HDLINK_CNT;
   1006 			}
   1007 			hdlinks->hdl[hdlinks->count].src_dev = st.st_dev;
   1008 			hdlinks->hdl[hdlinks->count].src_ino = st.st_ino;
   1009 			hdlinks->hdl[hdlinks->count].dst_ino = ino;
   1010 			hdlinks->count++;
   1011 		}
   1012 		target->path_len = cur_dir_path_len;
   1013 		target->path[target->path_len] = 0;
   1014 	}
   1015 
   1016 out:
   1017 	for (; i < num_dents; free(dent[i]), i++);
   1018 	free(dent);
   1019 	return retval;
   1020 }
   1021 
   1022 errcode_t populate_fs2(ext2_filsys fs, ext2_ino_t parent_ino,
   1023 		       const char *source_dir, ext2_ino_t root,
   1024 		       struct fs_ops_callbacks *fs_callbacks)
   1025 {
   1026 	struct file_info file_info;
   1027 	struct hdlinks_s hdlinks;
   1028 	errcode_t retval;
   1029 
   1030 	if (!(fs->flags & EXT2_FLAG_RW)) {
   1031 		com_err(__func__, 0, "Filesystem opened readonly");
   1032 		return EROFS;
   1033 	}
   1034 
   1035 	hdlinks.count = 0;
   1036 	hdlinks.size = HDLINK_CNT;
   1037 	hdlinks.hdl = realloc(NULL, hdlinks.size * sizeof(struct hdlink_s));
   1038 	if (hdlinks.hdl == NULL) {
   1039 		retval = errno;
   1040 		com_err(__func__, retval, _("while allocating memory"));
   1041 		return retval;
   1042 	}
   1043 
   1044 	file_info.path_len = 0;
   1045 	file_info.path_max_len = 255;
   1046 	file_info.path = calloc(file_info.path_max_len, 1);
   1047 
   1048 	retval = __populate_fs(fs, parent_ino, source_dir, root, &hdlinks,
   1049 			       &file_info, fs_callbacks);
   1050 
   1051 	free(file_info.path);
   1052 	free(hdlinks.hdl);
   1053 	return retval;
   1054 }
   1055 
   1056 errcode_t populate_fs(ext2_filsys fs, ext2_ino_t parent_ino,
   1057 		      const char *source_dir, ext2_ino_t root)
   1058 {
   1059 	return populate_fs2(fs, parent_ino, source_dir, root, NULL);
   1060 }
   1061