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      1 // -*- C++ -*-
      2 //===------------------------------ span ---------------------------------===//
      3 //
      4 //                     The LLVM Compiler Infrastructure
      5 //
      6 // This file is dual licensed under the MIT and the University of Illinois Open
      7 // Source Licenses. See LICENSE.TXT for details.
      8 //
      9 //===---------------------------------------------------------------------===//
     10 
     11 #ifndef _LIBCPP_SPAN
     12 #define _LIBCPP_SPAN
     13 
     14 /*
     15     span synopsis
     16 
     17 namespace std {
     18 
     19 // constants
     20 inline constexpr ptrdiff_t dynamic_extent = -1;
     21 
     22 // [views.span], class template span
     23 template <class ElementType, ptrdiff_t Extent = dynamic_extent>
     24     class span;
     25 
     26 // [span.objectrep], views of object representation
     27 template <class ElementType, ptrdiff_t Extent>
     28     span<const byte, ((Extent == dynamic_extent) ? dynamic_extent :
     29         (static_cast<ptrdiff_t>(sizeof(ElementType)) * Extent))> as_bytes(span<ElementType, Extent> s) noexcept;
     30 
     31 template <class ElementType, ptrdiff_t Extent>
     32     span<      byte, ((Extent == dynamic_extent) ? dynamic_extent :
     33         (static_cast<ptrdiff_t>(sizeof(ElementType)) * Extent))> as_writable_bytes(span<ElementType, Extent> s) noexcept;
     34 
     35 
     36 namespace std {
     37 template <class ElementType, ptrdiff_t Extent = dynamic_extent>
     38 class span {
     39 public:
     40     // constants and types
     41     using element_type = ElementType;
     42     using value_type = remove_cv_t<ElementType>;
     43     using index_type = ptrdiff_t;
     44     using difference_type = ptrdiff_t;
     45     using pointer = element_type*;
     46     using reference = element_type&;
     47     using iterator = implementation-defined;
     48     using const_iterator = implementation-defined;
     49     using reverse_iterator = std::reverse_iterator<iterator>;
     50     using const_reverse_iterator = std::reverse_iterator<const_iterator>;
     51     static constexpr index_type extent = Extent;
     52 
     53     // [span.cons], span constructors, copy, assignment, and destructor
     54     constexpr span() noexcept;
     55     constexpr span(pointer ptr, index_type count);
     56     constexpr span(pointer firstElem, pointer lastElem);
     57     template <size_t N>
     58         constexpr span(element_type (&arr)[N]) noexcept;
     59     template <size_t N>
     60         constexpr span(array<value_type, N>& arr) noexcept;
     61     template <size_t N>
     62         constexpr span(const array<value_type, N>& arr) noexcept;
     63     template <class Container>
     64         constexpr span(Container& cont);
     65     template <class Container>
     66         constexpr span(const Container& cont);
     67     constexpr span(const span& other) noexcept = default;
     68     template <class OtherElementType, ptrdiff_t OtherExtent>
     69         constexpr span(const span<OtherElementType, OtherExtent>& s) noexcept;
     70     ~span() noexcept = default;
     71     constexpr span& operator=(const span& other) noexcept = default;
     72 
     73     // [span.sub], span subviews
     74     template <ptrdiff_t Count>
     75         constexpr span<element_type, Count> first() const;
     76     template <ptrdiff_t Count>
     77         constexpr span<element_type, Count> last() const;
     78     template <ptrdiff_t Offset, ptrdiff_t Count = dynamic_extent>
     79         constexpr span<element_type, see below> subspan() const;
     80 
     81     constexpr span<element_type, dynamic_extent> first(index_type count) const;
     82     constexpr span<element_type, dynamic_extent> last(index_type count) const;
     83     constexpr span<element_type, dynamic_extent> subspan(index_type offset, index_type count = dynamic_extent) const;
     84 
     85     // [span.obs], span observers
     86     constexpr index_type size() const noexcept;
     87     constexpr index_type size_bytes() const noexcept;
     88     constexpr bool empty() const noexcept;
     89 
     90     // [span.elem], span element access
     91     constexpr reference operator[](index_type idx) const;
     92     constexpr reference operator()(index_type idx) const;
     93     constexpr pointer data() const noexcept;
     94 
     95     // [span.iterators], span iterator support
     96     constexpr iterator begin() const noexcept;
     97     constexpr iterator end() const noexcept;
     98     constexpr const_iterator cbegin() const noexcept;
     99     constexpr const_iterator cend() const noexcept;
    100     constexpr reverse_iterator rbegin() const noexcept;
    101     constexpr reverse_iterator rend() const noexcept;
    102     constexpr const_reverse_iterator crbegin() const noexcept;
    103     constexpr const_reverse_iterator crend() const noexcept;
    104 
    105 private:
    106     pointer data_;     // exposition only
    107     index_type size_;  // exposition only
    108 };
    109 
    110 template<class T, size_t N>
    111     span(T (&)[N]) -> span<T, N>;
    112 
    113 template<class T, size_t N>
    114     span(array<T, N>&) -> span<T, N>;
    115 
    116 template<class T, size_t N>
    117     span(const array<T, N>&) -> span<const T, N>;
    118 
    119 template<class Container>
    120     span(Container&) -> span<typename Container::value_type>;
    121 
    122 template<class Container>
    123     span(const Container&) -> span<const typename Container::value_type>;
    124 
    125 } // namespace std
    126 
    127 */
    128 
    129 #include <__config>
    130 #include <cstddef>      // for ptrdiff_t
    131 #include <iterator>     // for iterators
    132 #include <array>        // for array
    133 #include <type_traits>  // for remove_cv, etc
    134 #include <cstddef>      // for byte
    135 
    136 #if !defined(_LIBCPP_HAS_NO_PRAGMA_SYSTEM_HEADER)
    137 #pragma GCC system_header
    138 #endif
    139 
    140 _LIBCPP_BEGIN_NAMESPACE_STD
    141 
    142 #if _LIBCPP_STD_VER > 17
    143 
    144 inline constexpr ptrdiff_t dynamic_extent = -1;
    145 template <typename _Tp, ptrdiff_t _Extent = dynamic_extent> class span;
    146 
    147 
    148 template <class _Tp>
    149 struct __is_span_impl : public false_type {};
    150 
    151 template <class _Tp, ptrdiff_t _Extent>
    152 struct __is_span_impl<span<_Tp, _Extent>> : public true_type {};
    153 
    154 template <class _Tp>
    155 struct __is_span : public __is_span_impl<remove_cv_t<_Tp>> {};
    156 
    157 template <class _Tp>
    158 struct __is_std_array_impl : public false_type {};
    159 
    160 template <class _Tp, size_t _Sz>
    161 struct __is_std_array_impl<array<_Tp, _Sz>> : public true_type {};
    162 
    163 template <class _Tp>
    164 struct __is_std_array : public __is_std_array_impl<remove_cv_t<_Tp>> {};
    165 
    166 template <class _Tp, class _ElementType, class = void>
    167 struct __is_span_compatible_container : public false_type {};
    168 
    169 template <class _Tp, class _ElementType>
    170 struct __is_span_compatible_container<_Tp, _ElementType,
    171         void_t<
    172         // is not a specialization of span
    173             typename enable_if<!__is_span<_Tp>::value, nullptr_t>::type,
    174         // is not a specialization of array
    175             typename enable_if<!__is_std_array<_Tp>::value, nullptr_t>::type,
    176         // is_array_v<Container> is false,
    177             typename enable_if<!is_array_v<_Tp>, nullptr_t>::type,
    178         // data(cont) and size(cont) are well formed
    179             decltype(data(declval<_Tp>())),
    180             decltype(size(declval<_Tp>())),
    181         // remove_pointer_t<decltype(data(cont))>(*)[] is convertible to ElementType(*)[]
    182             typename enable_if<
    183                 is_convertible_v<remove_pointer_t<decltype(data(declval<_Tp &>()))>(*)[],
    184                                  _ElementType(*)[]>,
    185                 nullptr_t>::type
    186         >>
    187     : public true_type {};
    188 
    189 
    190 template <typename _Tp, ptrdiff_t _Extent>
    191 class _LIBCPP_TEMPLATE_VIS span {
    192 public:
    193 //  constants and types
    194     using element_type           = _Tp;
    195     using value_type             = remove_cv_t<_Tp>;
    196     using index_type             = ptrdiff_t;
    197     using difference_type        = ptrdiff_t;
    198     using pointer                = _Tp *;
    199     using const_pointer          = const _Tp *; // not in standard
    200     using reference              = _Tp &;
    201     using const_reference        = const _Tp &; // not in standard
    202     using iterator               =  __wrap_iter<pointer>;
    203     using const_iterator         =  __wrap_iter<const_pointer>;
    204     using reverse_iterator       = _VSTD::reverse_iterator<iterator>;
    205     using const_reverse_iterator = _VSTD::reverse_iterator<const_iterator>;
    206 
    207     static constexpr index_type extent = _Extent;
    208     static_assert (_Extent >= 0, "Can't have a span with an extent < 0");
    209 
    210 // [span.cons], span constructors, copy, assignment, and destructor
    211     _LIBCPP_INLINE_VISIBILITY constexpr span() noexcept : __data{nullptr}
    212     { static_assert(_Extent == 0, "Can't default construct a statically sized span with size > 0"); }
    213 
    214     constexpr span           (const span&) noexcept = default;
    215     constexpr span& operator=(const span&) noexcept = default;
    216 
    217     _LIBCPP_INLINE_VISIBILITY constexpr span(pointer __ptr, index_type __count) : __data{__ptr}
    218         { (void)__count; _LIBCPP_ASSERT(_Extent == __count, "size mismatch in span's constructor (ptr, len)"); }
    219     _LIBCPP_INLINE_VISIBILITY constexpr span(pointer __f, pointer __l) : __data{__f}
    220         { (void)__l;     _LIBCPP_ASSERT(_Extent == distance(__f, __l), "size mismatch in span's constructor (ptr, ptr)"); }
    221 
    222     _LIBCPP_INLINE_VISIBILITY constexpr span(element_type (&__arr)[_Extent])          noexcept : __data{__arr} {}
    223     _LIBCPP_INLINE_VISIBILITY constexpr span(      array<value_type, _Extent>& __arr) noexcept : __data{__arr.data()} {}
    224     _LIBCPP_INLINE_VISIBILITY constexpr span(const array<value_type, _Extent>& __arr) noexcept : __data{__arr.data()} {}
    225 
    226     template <class _Container>
    227     inline _LIBCPP_INLINE_VISIBILITY
    228         constexpr span(      _Container& __c,
    229             enable_if_t<__is_span_compatible_container<_Container, _Tp>::value, nullptr_t> = nullptr)
    230         : __data{_VSTD::data(__c)}
    231         { _LIBCPP_ASSERT(_Extent == _VSTD::size(__c), "size mismatch in span's constructor (container)"); }
    232 
    233     template <class _Container>
    234     inline _LIBCPP_INLINE_VISIBILITY
    235         constexpr span(const _Container& __c,
    236             enable_if_t<__is_span_compatible_container<const _Container, _Tp>::value, nullptr_t> = nullptr)
    237         : __data{_VSTD::data(__c)}
    238         { _LIBCPP_ASSERT(_Extent == _VSTD::size(__c), "size mismatch in span's constructor (const container)"); }
    239 
    240     template <class _OtherElementType>
    241     inline _LIBCPP_INLINE_VISIBILITY
    242         constexpr span(const span<_OtherElementType, _Extent>& __other,
    243                        enable_if_t<
    244                           is_convertible_v<_OtherElementType(*)[], element_type (*)[]>,
    245                           nullptr_t> = nullptr)
    246         : __data{__other.data()} {}
    247 
    248     template <class _OtherElementType>
    249     inline _LIBCPP_INLINE_VISIBILITY
    250         constexpr span(const span<_OtherElementType, dynamic_extent>& __other,
    251                        enable_if_t<
    252                           is_convertible_v<_OtherElementType(*)[], element_type (*)[]>,
    253                           nullptr_t> = nullptr) noexcept
    254         : __data{__other.data()} { _LIBCPP_ASSERT(_Extent == __other.size(), "size mismatch in span's constructor (other span)"); }
    255 
    256 
    257 //  ~span() noexcept = default;
    258 
    259     template <ptrdiff_t _Count>
    260     inline _LIBCPP_INLINE_VISIBILITY
    261         constexpr span<element_type, _Count> first() const noexcept
    262     {
    263         static_assert(_Count >= 0, "Count must be >= 0 in span::first()");
    264         static_assert(_Count <= _Extent, "Count out of range in span::first()");
    265         return {data(), _Count};
    266     }
    267 
    268     template <ptrdiff_t _Count>
    269     inline _LIBCPP_INLINE_VISIBILITY
    270         constexpr span<element_type, _Count> last() const noexcept
    271     {
    272         static_assert(_Count >= 0, "Count must be >= 0 in span::last()");
    273         static_assert(_Count <= _Extent, "Count out of range in span::last()");
    274         return {data() + size() - _Count, _Count};
    275     }
    276 
    277     _LIBCPP_INLINE_VISIBILITY
    278     constexpr span<element_type, dynamic_extent> first(index_type __count) const noexcept
    279     {
    280         _LIBCPP_ASSERT(__count >= 0 && __count <= size(), "Count out of range in span::first(count)");
    281         return {data(), __count};
    282     }
    283 
    284     _LIBCPP_INLINE_VISIBILITY
    285     constexpr span<element_type, dynamic_extent> last(index_type __count) const noexcept
    286     {
    287         _LIBCPP_ASSERT(__count >= 0 && __count <= size(), "Count out of range in span::last(count)");
    288         return {data() + size() - __count, __count};
    289     }
    290 
    291     template <ptrdiff_t _Offset, ptrdiff_t _Count = dynamic_extent>
    292     inline _LIBCPP_INLINE_VISIBILITY
    293         constexpr auto subspan() const noexcept
    294         -> span<element_type, _Count != dynamic_extent ? _Count : _Extent - _Offset>
    295     {
    296         _LIBCPP_ASSERT(_Offset >= 0 && _Offset <= size(), "Offset out of range in span::subspan()");
    297         return {data() + _Offset, _Count == dynamic_extent ? size() - _Offset : _Count};
    298     }
    299 
    300 
    301     inline _LIBCPP_INLINE_VISIBILITY
    302     constexpr span<element_type, dynamic_extent>
    303        subspan(index_type __offset, index_type __count = dynamic_extent) const noexcept
    304     {
    305         _LIBCPP_ASSERT( __offset >= 0 && __offset <= size(), "Offset out of range in span::subspan(offset, count)");
    306         _LIBCPP_ASSERT((__count  >= 0 && __count  <= size()) || __count == dynamic_extent, "Count out of range in span::subspan(offset, count)");
    307         if (__count == dynamic_extent)
    308             return {data() + __offset, size() - __offset};
    309         _LIBCPP_ASSERT(__offset + __count <= size(), "count + offset out of range in span::subspan(offset, count)");
    310         return {data() + __offset, __count};
    311     }
    312 
    313     _LIBCPP_INLINE_VISIBILITY constexpr index_type size()       const noexcept { return _Extent; }
    314     _LIBCPP_INLINE_VISIBILITY constexpr index_type size_bytes() const noexcept { return _Extent * sizeof(element_type); }
    315     _LIBCPP_INLINE_VISIBILITY constexpr bool empty()            const noexcept { return _Extent == 0; }
    316 
    317     _LIBCPP_INLINE_VISIBILITY constexpr reference operator[](index_type __idx) const noexcept
    318     {
    319         _LIBCPP_ASSERT(__idx >= 0 && __idx < size(), "span<T,N>[] index out of bounds");
    320         return __data[__idx];
    321     }
    322 
    323     _LIBCPP_INLINE_VISIBILITY constexpr reference operator()(index_type __idx) const noexcept
    324     {
    325         _LIBCPP_ASSERT(__idx >= 0 && __idx < size(), "span<T,N>() index out of bounds");
    326         return __data[__idx];
    327     }
    328 
    329     _LIBCPP_INLINE_VISIBILITY constexpr pointer data()                         const noexcept { return __data; }
    330 
    331 // [span.iter], span iterator support
    332     _LIBCPP_INLINE_VISIBILITY constexpr iterator                 begin() const noexcept { return iterator(data()); }
    333     _LIBCPP_INLINE_VISIBILITY constexpr iterator                   end() const noexcept { return iterator(data() + size()); }
    334     _LIBCPP_INLINE_VISIBILITY constexpr const_iterator          cbegin() const noexcept { return const_iterator(data()); }
    335     _LIBCPP_INLINE_VISIBILITY constexpr const_iterator            cend() const noexcept { return const_iterator(data() + size()); }
    336     _LIBCPP_INLINE_VISIBILITY constexpr reverse_iterator        rbegin() const noexcept { return reverse_iterator(end()); }
    337     _LIBCPP_INLINE_VISIBILITY constexpr reverse_iterator          rend() const noexcept { return reverse_iterator(begin()); }
    338     _LIBCPP_INLINE_VISIBILITY constexpr const_reverse_iterator crbegin() const noexcept { return const_reverse_iterator(cend()); }
    339     _LIBCPP_INLINE_VISIBILITY constexpr const_reverse_iterator   crend() const noexcept { return const_reverse_iterator(cbegin()); }
    340 
    341     _LIBCPP_INLINE_VISIBILITY constexpr void swap(span &__other) noexcept
    342     {
    343         pointer __p = __data;
    344         __data = __other.__data;
    345         __other.__data = __p;
    346     }
    347 
    348     _LIBCPP_INLINE_VISIBILITY span<const byte, _Extent * sizeof(element_type)> __as_bytes() const noexcept
    349     { return {reinterpret_cast<const byte *>(data()), size_bytes()}; }
    350 
    351     _LIBCPP_INLINE_VISIBILITY span<byte, _Extent * sizeof(element_type)> __as_writeable_bytes() const noexcept
    352     { return {reinterpret_cast<byte *>(data()), size_bytes()}; }
    353 
    354 private:
    355     pointer    __data;
    356 
    357 };
    358 
    359 
    360 template <typename _Tp>
    361 class _LIBCPP_TEMPLATE_VIS span<_Tp, dynamic_extent> {
    362 private:
    363 
    364 public:
    365 //  constants and types
    366     using element_type           = _Tp;
    367     using value_type             = remove_cv_t<_Tp>;
    368     using index_type             = ptrdiff_t;
    369     using difference_type        = ptrdiff_t;
    370     using pointer                = _Tp *;
    371     using const_pointer          = const _Tp *; // not in standard
    372     using reference              = _Tp &;
    373     using const_reference        = const _Tp &; // not in standard
    374     using iterator               =  __wrap_iter<pointer>;
    375     using const_iterator         =  __wrap_iter<const_pointer>;
    376     using reverse_iterator       = _VSTD::reverse_iterator<iterator>;
    377     using const_reverse_iterator = _VSTD::reverse_iterator<const_iterator>;
    378 
    379     static constexpr index_type extent = dynamic_extent;
    380 
    381 // [span.cons], span constructors, copy, assignment, and destructor
    382     _LIBCPP_INLINE_VISIBILITY constexpr span() noexcept : __data{nullptr}, __size{0} {}
    383 
    384     constexpr span           (const span&) noexcept = default;
    385     constexpr span& operator=(const span&) noexcept = default;
    386 
    387     _LIBCPP_INLINE_VISIBILITY constexpr span(pointer __ptr, index_type __count) : __data{__ptr}, __size{__count} {}
    388     _LIBCPP_INLINE_VISIBILITY constexpr span(pointer __f, pointer __l) : __data{__f}, __size{distance(__f, __l)} {}
    389 
    390     template <size_t _Sz>
    391     inline _LIBCPP_INLINE_VISIBILITY
    392         constexpr span(element_type (&__arr)[_Sz]) noexcept : __data{__arr}, __size{_Sz} {}
    393 
    394     template <size_t _Sz>
    395     inline _LIBCPP_INLINE_VISIBILITY
    396         constexpr span(array<value_type, _Sz>& __arr)       noexcept : __data{__arr.data()}, __size{_Sz} {}
    397 
    398     template <size_t _Sz>
    399     inline _LIBCPP_INLINE_VISIBILITY
    400         constexpr span(const array<value_type, _Sz>& __arr) noexcept : __data{__arr.data()}, __size{_Sz} {}
    401 
    402     template <class _Container>
    403     inline _LIBCPP_INLINE_VISIBILITY
    404         constexpr span(      _Container& __c,
    405             enable_if_t<__is_span_compatible_container<_Container, _Tp>::value, nullptr_t> = nullptr)
    406         : __data{_VSTD::data(__c)}, __size{(index_type) _VSTD::size(__c)} {}
    407 
    408     template <class _Container>
    409     inline _LIBCPP_INLINE_VISIBILITY
    410         constexpr span(const _Container& __c,
    411             enable_if_t<__is_span_compatible_container<const _Container, _Tp>::value, nullptr_t> = nullptr)
    412         : __data{_VSTD::data(__c)}, __size{(index_type) _VSTD::size(__c)} {}
    413 
    414 
    415     template <class _OtherElementType, ptrdiff_t _OtherExtent>
    416     inline _LIBCPP_INLINE_VISIBILITY
    417         constexpr span(const span<_OtherElementType, _OtherExtent>& __other,
    418                        enable_if_t<
    419                           is_convertible_v<_OtherElementType(*)[], element_type (*)[]>,
    420                           nullptr_t> = nullptr) noexcept
    421         : __data{__other.data()}, __size{__other.size()} {}
    422 
    423 //    ~span() noexcept = default;
    424 
    425     template <ptrdiff_t _Count>
    426     inline _LIBCPP_INLINE_VISIBILITY
    427         constexpr span<element_type, _Count> first() const noexcept
    428     {
    429         static_assert(_Count >= 0, "Count must be >= 0 in span::first()");
    430         _LIBCPP_ASSERT(_Count <= size(), "Count out of range in span::first()");
    431         return {data(), _Count};
    432     }
    433 
    434     template <ptrdiff_t _Count>
    435     inline _LIBCPP_INLINE_VISIBILITY
    436         constexpr span<element_type, _Count> last() const noexcept
    437     {
    438         static_assert(_Count >= 0, "Count must be >= 0 in span::last()");
    439         _LIBCPP_ASSERT(_Count <= size(), "Count out of range in span::last()");
    440         return {data() + size() - _Count, _Count};
    441     }
    442 
    443     _LIBCPP_INLINE_VISIBILITY
    444     constexpr span<element_type, dynamic_extent> first(index_type __count) const noexcept
    445     {
    446         _LIBCPP_ASSERT(__count >= 0 && __count <= size(), "Count out of range in span::first(count)");
    447         return {data(), __count};
    448     }
    449 
    450     _LIBCPP_INLINE_VISIBILITY
    451     constexpr span<element_type, dynamic_extent> last (index_type __count) const noexcept
    452     {
    453         _LIBCPP_ASSERT(__count >= 0 && __count <= size(), "Count out of range in span::last(count)");
    454         return {data() + size() - __count, __count};
    455     }
    456 
    457     template <ptrdiff_t _Offset, ptrdiff_t _Count = dynamic_extent>
    458     inline _LIBCPP_INLINE_VISIBILITY
    459         constexpr span<_Tp, dynamic_extent> subspan() const noexcept
    460     {
    461         _LIBCPP_ASSERT(_Offset >= 0 && _Offset <= size(), "Offset out of range in span::subspan()");
    462         _LIBCPP_ASSERT(_Count == dynamic_extent || _Offset + _Count <= size(), "Count out of range in span::subspan()");
    463         return {data() + _Offset, _Count == dynamic_extent ? size() - _Offset : _Count};
    464     }
    465 
    466     constexpr span<element_type, dynamic_extent>
    467     inline _LIBCPP_INLINE_VISIBILITY
    468        subspan(index_type __offset, index_type __count = dynamic_extent) const noexcept
    469     {
    470         _LIBCPP_ASSERT( __offset >= 0 && __offset <= size(), "Offset out of range in span::subspan(offset, count)");
    471         _LIBCPP_ASSERT((__count  >= 0 && __count  <= size()) || __count == dynamic_extent, "count out of range in span::subspan(offset, count)");
    472         if (__count == dynamic_extent)
    473             return {data() + __offset, size() - __offset};
    474         _LIBCPP_ASSERT(__offset + __count <= size(), "Offset + count out of range in span::subspan(offset, count)");
    475         return {data() + __offset, __count};
    476     }
    477 
    478     _LIBCPP_INLINE_VISIBILITY constexpr index_type size()       const noexcept { return __size; }
    479     _LIBCPP_INLINE_VISIBILITY constexpr index_type size_bytes() const noexcept { return __size * sizeof(element_type); }
    480     _LIBCPP_INLINE_VISIBILITY constexpr bool empty()            const noexcept { return __size == 0; }
    481 
    482     _LIBCPP_INLINE_VISIBILITY constexpr reference operator[](index_type __idx) const noexcept
    483     {
    484         _LIBCPP_ASSERT(__idx >= 0 && __idx < size(), "span<T>[] index out of bounds");
    485         return __data[__idx];
    486     }
    487 
    488     _LIBCPP_INLINE_VISIBILITY constexpr reference operator()(index_type __idx) const noexcept
    489     {
    490         _LIBCPP_ASSERT(__idx >= 0 && __idx < size(), "span<T>() index out of bounds");
    491         return __data[__idx];
    492     }
    493 
    494     _LIBCPP_INLINE_VISIBILITY constexpr pointer data()                         const noexcept { return __data; }
    495 
    496 // [span.iter], span iterator support
    497     _LIBCPP_INLINE_VISIBILITY constexpr iterator                 begin() const noexcept { return iterator(data()); }
    498     _LIBCPP_INLINE_VISIBILITY constexpr iterator                   end() const noexcept { return iterator(data() + size()); }
    499     _LIBCPP_INLINE_VISIBILITY constexpr const_iterator          cbegin() const noexcept { return const_iterator(data()); }
    500     _LIBCPP_INLINE_VISIBILITY constexpr const_iterator            cend() const noexcept { return const_iterator(data() + size()); }
    501     _LIBCPP_INLINE_VISIBILITY constexpr reverse_iterator        rbegin() const noexcept { return reverse_iterator(end()); }
    502     _LIBCPP_INLINE_VISIBILITY constexpr reverse_iterator          rend() const noexcept { return reverse_iterator(begin()); }
    503     _LIBCPP_INLINE_VISIBILITY constexpr const_reverse_iterator crbegin() const noexcept { return const_reverse_iterator(cend()); }
    504     _LIBCPP_INLINE_VISIBILITY constexpr const_reverse_iterator   crend() const noexcept { return const_reverse_iterator(cbegin()); }
    505 
    506     _LIBCPP_INLINE_VISIBILITY constexpr void swap(span &__other) noexcept
    507     {
    508         pointer __p = __data;
    509         __data = __other.__data;
    510         __other.__data = __p;
    511 
    512         index_type __sz = __size;
    513         __size = __other.__size;
    514         __other.__size = __sz;
    515     }
    516 
    517     _LIBCPP_INLINE_VISIBILITY span<const byte, dynamic_extent> __as_bytes() const noexcept
    518     { return {reinterpret_cast<const byte *>(data()), size_bytes()}; }
    519 
    520     _LIBCPP_INLINE_VISIBILITY span<byte, dynamic_extent> __as_writeable_bytes() const noexcept
    521     { return {reinterpret_cast<byte *>(data()), size_bytes()}; }
    522 
    523 private:
    524     pointer    __data;
    525     index_type __size;
    526 };
    527 
    528 //  as_bytes & as_writeable_bytes
    529 template <class _Tp, ptrdiff_t _Extent>
    530     auto as_bytes(span<_Tp, _Extent> __s) noexcept
    531     -> decltype(__s.__as_bytes())
    532     { return __s.__as_bytes(); }
    533 
    534 template <class _Tp, ptrdiff_t _Extent>
    535     auto as_writeable_bytes(span<_Tp, _Extent> __s) noexcept
    536     -> typename enable_if<!is_const_v<_Tp>, decltype(__s.__as_writeable_bytes())>::type
    537     { return __s.__as_writeable_bytes(); }
    538 
    539 template <class _Tp, ptrdiff_t _Extent>
    540     constexpr void swap(span<_Tp, _Extent> &__lhs, span<_Tp, _Extent> &__rhs) noexcept
    541     { __lhs.swap(__rhs); }
    542 
    543 
    544 //  Deduction guides
    545 template<class _Tp, size_t _Sz>
    546     span(_Tp (&)[_Sz]) -> span<_Tp, _Sz>;
    547 
    548 template<class _Tp, size_t _Sz>
    549     span(array<_Tp, _Sz>&) -> span<_Tp, _Sz>;
    550 
    551 template<class _Tp, size_t _Sz>
    552     span(const array<_Tp, _Sz>&) -> span<const _Tp, _Sz>;
    553 
    554 template<class _Container>
    555     span(_Container&) -> span<typename _Container::value_type>;
    556 
    557 template<class _Container>
    558     span(const _Container&) -> span<const typename _Container::value_type>;
    559 
    560 #endif // _LIBCPP_STD_VER > 17
    561 
    562 _LIBCPP_END_NAMESPACE_STD
    563 
    564 #endif // _LIBCPP_SPAN
    565