1 2 ======================================================== 3 A new turtle module for Python 4 ======================================================== 5 6 Turtle graphics is a popular way for introducing programming to 7 kids. It was part of the original Logo programming language developed 8 by Wally Feurzig and Seymour Papert in 1966. 9 10 Imagine a robotic turtle starting at (0, 0) in the x-y plane. After an ``import turtle``, give it 11 the command turtle.forward(15), and it moves (on-screen!) 15 pixels in 12 the direction it is facing, drawing a line as it moves. Give it the 13 command turtle.right(25), and it rotates in-place 25 degrees clockwise. 14 15 By combining together these and similar commands, intricate shapes and 16 pictures can easily be drawn. 17 18 ----- turtle.py 19 20 This module is an extended reimplementation of turtle.py from the 21 Python standard distribution up to Python 2.5. (See: http:\\www.python.org) 22 23 It tries to keep the merits of turtle.py and to be (nearly) 100% 24 compatible with it. This means in the first place to enable the 25 learning programmer to use all the commands, classes and methods 26 interactively when using the module from within IDLE run with 27 the -n switch. 28 29 Roughly it has the following features added: 30 31 - Better animation of the turtle movements, especially of turning the 32 turtle. So the turtles can more easily be used as a visual feedback 33 instrument by the (beginning) programmer. 34 35 - Different turtle shapes, gif-images as turtle shapes, user defined 36 and user controllable turtle shapes, among them compound 37 (multicolored) shapes. Turtle shapes can be stgretched and tilted, which 38 makes turtles zu very versatile geometrical objects. 39 40 - Fine control over turtle movement and screen updates via delay(), 41 and enhanced tracer() and speed() methods. 42 43 - Aliases for the most commonly used commands, like fd for forward etc., 44 following the early Logo traditions. This reduces the boring work of 45 typing long sequences of commands, which often occur in a natural way 46 when kids try to program fancy pictures on their first encounter with 47 turtle graphcis. 48 49 - Turtles now have an undo()-method with configurable undo-buffer. 50 51 - Some simple commands/methods for creating event driven programs 52 (mouse-, key-, timer-events). Especially useful for programming games. 53 54 - A scrollable Canvas class. The default scrollable Canvas can be 55 extended interactively as needed while playing around with the turtle(s). 56 57 - A TurtleScreen class with methods controlling background color or 58 background image, window and canvas size and other properties of the 59 TurtleScreen. 60 61 - There is a method, setworldcoordinates(), to install a user defined 62 coordinate-system for the TurtleScreen. 63 64 - The implementation uses a 2-vector class named Vec2D, derived from tuple. 65 This class is public, so it can be imported by the application programmer, 66 which makes certain types of computations very natural and compact. 67 68 - Appearance of the TurtleScreen and the Turtles at startup/import can be 69 configured by means of a turtle.cfg configuration file. 70 The default configuration mimics the appearance of the old turtle module. 71 72 - If configured appropriately the module reads in docstrings from a docstring 73 dictionary in some different language, supplied separately and replaces 74 the english ones by those read in. There is a utility function 75 write_docstringdict() to write a dictionary with the original (english) 76 docstrings to disc, so it can serve as a template for translations. 77 78
