1 .. highlightlang:: sh 2 3 .. _using-on-unix: 4 5 ******************************** 6 Using Python on Unix platforms 7 ******************************** 8 9 .. sectionauthor:: Shriphani Palakodety 10 11 12 Getting and installing the latest version of Python 13 =================================================== 14 15 On Linux 16 -------- 17 18 Python comes preinstalled on most Linux distributions, and is available as a 19 package on all others. However there are certain features you might want to use 20 that are not available on your distro's package. You can easily compile the 21 latest version of Python from source. 22 23 In the event that Python doesn't come preinstalled and isn't in the repositories as 24 well, you can easily make packages for your own distro. Have a look at the 25 following links: 26 27 .. seealso:: 28 29 https://www.debian.org/doc/manuals/maint-guide/first.en.html 30 for Debian users 31 https://en.opensuse.org/Portal:Packaging 32 for OpenSuse users 33 https://docs.fedoraproject.org/en-US/Fedora_Draft_Documentation/0.1/html/RPM_Guide/ch-creating-rpms.html 34 for Fedora users 35 http://www.slackbook.org/html/package-management-making-packages.html 36 for Slackware users 37 38 39 On FreeBSD and OpenBSD 40 ---------------------- 41 42 * FreeBSD users, to add the package use:: 43 44 pkg install python3 45 46 * OpenBSD users, to add the package use:: 47 48 pkg_add -r python 49 50 pkg_add ftp://ftp.openbsd.org/pub/OpenBSD/4.2/packages/<insert your architecture here>/python-<version>.tgz 51 52 For example i386 users get the 2.5.1 version of Python using:: 53 54 pkg_add ftp://ftp.openbsd.org/pub/OpenBSD/4.2/packages/i386/python-2.5.1p2.tgz 55 56 57 On OpenSolaris 58 -------------- 59 60 You can get Python from `OpenCSW <https://www.opencsw.org/>`_. Various versions 61 of Python are available and can be installed with e.g. ``pkgutil -i python27``. 62 63 64 .. _building-python-on-unix: 65 66 Building Python 67 =============== 68 69 If you want to compile CPython yourself, first thing you should do is get the 70 `source <https://www.python.org/downloads/source/>`_. You can download either the 71 latest release's source or just grab a fresh `clone 72 <https://docs.python.org/devguide/setup.html#getting-the-source-code>`_. (If you want 73 to contribute patches, you will need a clone.) 74 75 The build process consists in the usual :: 76 77 ./configure 78 make 79 make install 80 81 invocations. Configuration options and caveats for specific Unix platforms are 82 extensively documented in the :source:`README` file in the root of the Python 83 source tree. 84 85 .. warning:: 86 87 ``make install`` can overwrite or masquerade the :file:`python` binary. 88 ``make altinstall`` is therefore recommended instead of ``make install`` 89 since it only installs :file:`{exec_prefix}/bin/python{version}`. 90 91 92 Python-related paths and files 93 ============================== 94 95 These are subject to difference depending on local installation conventions; 96 :envvar:`prefix` (``${prefix}``) and :envvar:`exec_prefix` (``${exec_prefix}``) 97 are installation-dependent and should be interpreted as for GNU software; they 98 may be the same. 99 100 For example, on most Linux systems, the default for both is :file:`/usr`. 101 102 +-----------------------------------------------+------------------------------------------+ 103 | File/directory | Meaning | 104 +===============================================+==========================================+ 105 | :file:`{exec_prefix}/bin/python` | Recommended location of the interpreter. | 106 +-----------------------------------------------+------------------------------------------+ 107 | :file:`{prefix}/lib/python{version}`, | Recommended locations of the directories | 108 | :file:`{exec_prefix}/lib/python{version}` | containing the standard modules. | 109 +-----------------------------------------------+------------------------------------------+ 110 | :file:`{prefix}/include/python{version}`, | Recommended locations of the directories | 111 | :file:`{exec_prefix}/include/python{version}` | containing the include files needed for | 112 | | developing Python extensions and | 113 | | embedding the interpreter. | 114 +-----------------------------------------------+------------------------------------------+ 115 | :file:`~/.pythonrc.py` | User-specific initialization file loaded | 116 | | by the user module; not used by default | 117 | | or by most applications. | 118 +-----------------------------------------------+------------------------------------------+ 119 120 121 Miscellaneous 122 ============= 123 124 To easily use Python scripts on Unix, you need to make them executable, 125 e.g. with :: 126 127 $ chmod +x script 128 129 and put an appropriate Shebang line at the top of the script. A good choice is 130 usually :: 131 132 #!/usr/bin/env python 133 134 which searches for the Python interpreter in the whole :envvar:`PATH`. However, 135 some Unices may not have the :program:`env` command, so you may need to hardcode 136 ``/usr/bin/python`` as the interpreter path. 137 138 To use shell commands in your Python scripts, look at the :mod:`subprocess` module. 139 140 141 Editors and IDEs 142 ================ 143 144 There are a number of IDEs that support Python programming language. 145 Many editors and IDEs provide syntax highlighting, debugging tools, and PEP-8 checks. 146 147 Please go to `Python Editors <https://wiki.python.org/moin/PythonEditors>`_ and 148 `Integrated Development Environments <https://wiki.python.org/moin/IntegratedDevelopmentEnvironments>`_ 149 for a comprehensive list.
