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      1 #
      2 # Secret Labs' Regular Expression Engine
      3 #
      4 # convert re-style regular expression to sre pattern
      5 #
      6 # Copyright (c) 1998-2001 by Secret Labs AB.  All rights reserved.
      7 #
      8 # See the sre.py file for information on usage and redistribution.
      9 #
     10 
     11 """Internal support module for sre"""
     12 
     13 # XXX: show string offset and offending character for all errors
     14 
     15 import sys
     16 
     17 from sre_constants import *
     18 
     19 SPECIAL_CHARS = ".\\[{()*+?^$|"
     20 REPEAT_CHARS = "*+?{"
     21 
     22 DIGITS = set("0123456789")
     23 
     24 OCTDIGITS = set("01234567")
     25 HEXDIGITS = set("0123456789abcdefABCDEF")
     26 ASCIILETTERS = set("abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyzABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ")
     27 
     28 WHITESPACE = set(" \t\n\r\v\f")
     29 
     30 ESCAPES = {
     31     r"\a": (LITERAL, ord("\a")),
     32     r"\b": (LITERAL, ord("\b")),
     33     r"\f": (LITERAL, ord("\f")),
     34     r"\n": (LITERAL, ord("\n")),
     35     r"\r": (LITERAL, ord("\r")),
     36     r"\t": (LITERAL, ord("\t")),
     37     r"\v": (LITERAL, ord("\v")),
     38     r"\\": (LITERAL, ord("\\"))
     39 }
     40 
     41 CATEGORIES = {
     42     r"\A": (AT, AT_BEGINNING_STRING), # start of string
     43     r"\b": (AT, AT_BOUNDARY),
     44     r"\B": (AT, AT_NON_BOUNDARY),
     45     r"\d": (IN, [(CATEGORY, CATEGORY_DIGIT)]),
     46     r"\D": (IN, [(CATEGORY, CATEGORY_NOT_DIGIT)]),
     47     r"\s": (IN, [(CATEGORY, CATEGORY_SPACE)]),
     48     r"\S": (IN, [(CATEGORY, CATEGORY_NOT_SPACE)]),
     49     r"\w": (IN, [(CATEGORY, CATEGORY_WORD)]),
     50     r"\W": (IN, [(CATEGORY, CATEGORY_NOT_WORD)]),
     51     r"\Z": (AT, AT_END_STRING), # end of string
     52 }
     53 
     54 FLAGS = {
     55     # standard flags
     56     "i": SRE_FLAG_IGNORECASE,
     57     "L": SRE_FLAG_LOCALE,
     58     "m": SRE_FLAG_MULTILINE,
     59     "s": SRE_FLAG_DOTALL,
     60     "x": SRE_FLAG_VERBOSE,
     61     # extensions
     62     "t": SRE_FLAG_TEMPLATE,
     63     "u": SRE_FLAG_UNICODE,
     64 }
     65 
     66 class Pattern:
     67     # master pattern object.  keeps track of global attributes
     68     def __init__(self):
     69         self.flags = 0
     70         self.open = []
     71         self.groups = 1
     72         self.groupdict = {}
     73         self.lookbehind = 0
     74 
     75     def opengroup(self, name=None):
     76         gid = self.groups
     77         self.groups = gid + 1
     78         if name is not None:
     79             ogid = self.groupdict.get(name, None)
     80             if ogid is not None:
     81                 raise error, ("redefinition of group name %s as group %d; "
     82                               "was group %d" % (repr(name), gid,  ogid))
     83             self.groupdict[name] = gid
     84         self.open.append(gid)
     85         return gid
     86     def closegroup(self, gid):
     87         self.open.remove(gid)
     88     def checkgroup(self, gid):
     89         return gid < self.groups and gid not in self.open
     90 
     91 class SubPattern:
     92     # a subpattern, in intermediate form
     93     def __init__(self, pattern, data=None):
     94         self.pattern = pattern
     95         if data is None:
     96             data = []
     97         self.data = data
     98         self.width = None
     99     def dump(self, level=0):
    100         seqtypes = (tuple, list)
    101         for op, av in self.data:
    102             print level*"  " + op,
    103             if op == IN:
    104                 # member sublanguage
    105                 print
    106                 for op, a in av:
    107                     print (level+1)*"  " + op, a
    108             elif op == BRANCH:
    109                 print
    110                 for i, a in enumerate(av[1]):
    111                     if i:
    112                         print level*"  " + "or"
    113                     a.dump(level+1)
    114             elif op == GROUPREF_EXISTS:
    115                 condgroup, item_yes, item_no = av
    116                 print condgroup
    117                 item_yes.dump(level+1)
    118                 if item_no:
    119                     print level*"  " + "else"
    120                     item_no.dump(level+1)
    121             elif isinstance(av, seqtypes):
    122                 nl = 0
    123                 for a in av:
    124                     if isinstance(a, SubPattern):
    125                         if not nl:
    126                             print
    127                         a.dump(level+1)
    128                         nl = 1
    129                     else:
    130                         print a,
    131                         nl = 0
    132                 if not nl:
    133                     print
    134             else:
    135                 print av
    136     def __repr__(self):
    137         return repr(self.data)
    138     def __len__(self):
    139         return len(self.data)
    140     def __delitem__(self, index):
    141         del self.data[index]
    142     def __getitem__(self, index):
    143         if isinstance(index, slice):
    144             return SubPattern(self.pattern, self.data[index])
    145         return self.data[index]
    146     def __setitem__(self, index, code):
    147         self.data[index] = code
    148     def insert(self, index, code):
    149         self.data.insert(index, code)
    150     def append(self, code):
    151         self.data.append(code)
    152     def getwidth(self):
    153         # determine the width (min, max) for this subpattern
    154         if self.width:
    155             return self.width
    156         lo = hi = 0
    157         UNITCODES = (ANY, RANGE, IN, LITERAL, NOT_LITERAL, CATEGORY)
    158         REPEATCODES = (MIN_REPEAT, MAX_REPEAT)
    159         for op, av in self.data:
    160             if op is BRANCH:
    161                 i = MAXREPEAT - 1
    162                 j = 0
    163                 for av in av[1]:
    164                     l, h = av.getwidth()
    165                     i = min(i, l)
    166                     j = max(j, h)
    167                 lo = lo + i
    168                 hi = hi + j
    169             elif op is CALL:
    170                 i, j = av.getwidth()
    171                 lo = lo + i
    172                 hi = hi + j
    173             elif op is SUBPATTERN:
    174                 i, j = av[1].getwidth()
    175                 lo = lo + i
    176                 hi = hi + j
    177             elif op in REPEATCODES:
    178                 i, j = av[2].getwidth()
    179                 lo = lo + i * av[0]
    180                 hi = hi + j * av[1]
    181             elif op in UNITCODES:
    182                 lo = lo + 1
    183                 hi = hi + 1
    184             elif op == SUCCESS:
    185                 break
    186         self.width = min(lo, MAXREPEAT - 1), min(hi, MAXREPEAT)
    187         return self.width
    188 
    189 class Tokenizer:
    190     def __init__(self, string):
    191         self.string = string
    192         self.index = 0
    193         self.__next()
    194     def __next(self):
    195         if self.index >= len(self.string):
    196             self.next = None
    197             return
    198         char = self.string[self.index]
    199         if char[0] == "\\":
    200             try:
    201                 c = self.string[self.index + 1]
    202             except IndexError:
    203                 raise error, "bogus escape (end of line)"
    204             char = char + c
    205         self.index = self.index + len(char)
    206         self.next = char
    207     def match(self, char, skip=1):
    208         if char == self.next:
    209             if skip:
    210                 self.__next()
    211             return 1
    212         return 0
    213     def get(self):
    214         this = self.next
    215         self.__next()
    216         return this
    217     def tell(self):
    218         return self.index, self.next
    219     def seek(self, index):
    220         self.index, self.next = index
    221 
    222 def isident(char):
    223     return "a" <= char <= "z" or "A" <= char <= "Z" or char == "_"
    224 
    225 def isdigit(char):
    226     return "0" <= char <= "9"
    227 
    228 def isname(name):
    229     # check that group name is a valid string
    230     if not isident(name[0]):
    231         return False
    232     for char in name[1:]:
    233         if not isident(char) and not isdigit(char):
    234             return False
    235     return True
    236 
    237 def _class_escape(source, escape, nested):
    238     # handle escape code inside character class
    239     code = ESCAPES.get(escape)
    240     if code:
    241         return code
    242     code = CATEGORIES.get(escape)
    243     if code and code[0] == IN:
    244         return code
    245     try:
    246         c = escape[1:2]
    247         if c == "x":
    248             # hexadecimal escape (exactly two digits)
    249             while source.next in HEXDIGITS and len(escape) < 4:
    250                 escape = escape + source.get()
    251             escape = escape[2:]
    252             if len(escape) != 2:
    253                 raise error, "bogus escape: %s" % repr("\\" + escape)
    254             return LITERAL, int(escape, 16) & 0xff
    255         elif c in OCTDIGITS:
    256             # octal escape (up to three digits)
    257             while source.next in OCTDIGITS and len(escape) < 4:
    258                 escape = escape + source.get()
    259             escape = escape[1:]
    260             return LITERAL, int(escape, 8) & 0xff
    261         elif c in DIGITS:
    262             raise error, "bogus escape: %s" % repr(escape)
    263         if len(escape) == 2:
    264             if sys.py3kwarning and c in ASCIILETTERS:
    265                 import warnings
    266                 if c in 'Uu':
    267                     warnings.warn('bad escape %s; Unicode escapes are '
    268                                   'supported only since Python 3.3' % escape,
    269                                   FutureWarning, stacklevel=nested + 6)
    270                 else:
    271                     warnings.warnpy3k('bad escape %s' % escape,
    272                                       DeprecationWarning, stacklevel=nested + 6)
    273             return LITERAL, ord(escape[1])
    274     except ValueError:
    275         pass
    276     raise error, "bogus escape: %s" % repr(escape)
    277 
    278 def _escape(source, escape, state, nested):
    279     # handle escape code in expression
    280     code = CATEGORIES.get(escape)
    281     if code:
    282         return code
    283     code = ESCAPES.get(escape)
    284     if code:
    285         return code
    286     try:
    287         c = escape[1:2]
    288         if c == "x":
    289             # hexadecimal escape
    290             while source.next in HEXDIGITS and len(escape) < 4:
    291                 escape = escape + source.get()
    292             if len(escape) != 4:
    293                 raise ValueError
    294             return LITERAL, int(escape[2:], 16) & 0xff
    295         elif c == "0":
    296             # octal escape
    297             while source.next in OCTDIGITS and len(escape) < 4:
    298                 escape = escape + source.get()
    299             return LITERAL, int(escape[1:], 8) & 0xff
    300         elif c in DIGITS:
    301             # octal escape *or* decimal group reference (sigh)
    302             if source.next in DIGITS:
    303                 escape = escape + source.get()
    304                 if (escape[1] in OCTDIGITS and escape[2] in OCTDIGITS and
    305                     source.next in OCTDIGITS):
    306                     # got three octal digits; this is an octal escape
    307                     escape = escape + source.get()
    308                     return LITERAL, int(escape[1:], 8) & 0xff
    309             # not an octal escape, so this is a group reference
    310             group = int(escape[1:])
    311             if group < state.groups:
    312                 if not state.checkgroup(group):
    313                     raise error, "cannot refer to open group"
    314                 if state.lookbehind:
    315                     import warnings
    316                     warnings.warn('group references in lookbehind '
    317                                   'assertions are not supported',
    318                                   RuntimeWarning, stacklevel=nested + 6)
    319                 return GROUPREF, group
    320             raise ValueError
    321         if len(escape) == 2:
    322             if sys.py3kwarning and c in ASCIILETTERS:
    323                 import warnings
    324                 if c in 'Uu':
    325                     warnings.warn('bad escape %s; Unicode escapes are '
    326                                   'supported only since Python 3.3' % escape,
    327                                   FutureWarning, stacklevel=nested + 6)
    328                 else:
    329                     warnings.warnpy3k('bad escape %s' % escape,
    330                                       DeprecationWarning, stacklevel=nested + 6)
    331             return LITERAL, ord(escape[1])
    332     except ValueError:
    333         pass
    334     raise error, "bogus escape: %s" % repr(escape)
    335 
    336 def _parse_sub(source, state, nested):
    337     # parse an alternation: a|b|c
    338 
    339     items = []
    340     itemsappend = items.append
    341     sourcematch = source.match
    342     while 1:
    343         itemsappend(_parse(source, state, nested + 1))
    344         if sourcematch("|"):
    345             continue
    346         if not nested:
    347             break
    348         if not source.next or sourcematch(")", 0):
    349             break
    350         else:
    351             raise error, "pattern not properly closed"
    352 
    353     if len(items) == 1:
    354         return items[0]
    355 
    356     subpattern = SubPattern(state)
    357     subpatternappend = subpattern.append
    358 
    359     # check if all items share a common prefix
    360     while 1:
    361         prefix = None
    362         for item in items:
    363             if not item:
    364                 break
    365             if prefix is None:
    366                 prefix = item[0]
    367             elif item[0] != prefix:
    368                 break
    369         else:
    370             # all subitems start with a common "prefix".
    371             # move it out of the branch
    372             for item in items:
    373                 del item[0]
    374             subpatternappend(prefix)
    375             continue # check next one
    376         break
    377 
    378     # check if the branch can be replaced by a character set
    379     for item in items:
    380         if len(item) != 1 or item[0][0] != LITERAL:
    381             break
    382     else:
    383         # we can store this as a character set instead of a
    384         # branch (the compiler may optimize this even more)
    385         set = []
    386         setappend = set.append
    387         for item in items:
    388             setappend(item[0])
    389         subpatternappend((IN, set))
    390         return subpattern
    391 
    392     subpattern.append((BRANCH, (None, items)))
    393     return subpattern
    394 
    395 def _parse_sub_cond(source, state, condgroup, nested):
    396     item_yes = _parse(source, state, nested + 1)
    397     if source.match("|"):
    398         item_no = _parse(source, state, nested + 1)
    399         if source.match("|"):
    400             raise error, "conditional backref with more than two branches"
    401     else:
    402         item_no = None
    403     if source.next and not source.match(")", 0):
    404         raise error, "pattern not properly closed"
    405     subpattern = SubPattern(state)
    406     subpattern.append((GROUPREF_EXISTS, (condgroup, item_yes, item_no)))
    407     return subpattern
    408 
    409 _PATTERNENDERS = set("|)")
    410 _ASSERTCHARS = set("=!<")
    411 _LOOKBEHINDASSERTCHARS = set("=!")
    412 _REPEATCODES = set([MIN_REPEAT, MAX_REPEAT])
    413 
    414 def _parse(source, state, nested):
    415     # parse a simple pattern
    416     subpattern = SubPattern(state)
    417 
    418     # precompute constants into local variables
    419     subpatternappend = subpattern.append
    420     sourceget = source.get
    421     sourcematch = source.match
    422     _len = len
    423     PATTERNENDERS = _PATTERNENDERS
    424     ASSERTCHARS = _ASSERTCHARS
    425     LOOKBEHINDASSERTCHARS = _LOOKBEHINDASSERTCHARS
    426     REPEATCODES = _REPEATCODES
    427 
    428     while 1:
    429 
    430         if source.next in PATTERNENDERS:
    431             break # end of subpattern
    432         this = sourceget()
    433         if this is None:
    434             break # end of pattern
    435 
    436         if state.flags & SRE_FLAG_VERBOSE:
    437             # skip whitespace and comments
    438             if this in WHITESPACE:
    439                 continue
    440             if this == "#":
    441                 while 1:
    442                     this = sourceget()
    443                     if this in (None, "\n"):
    444                         break
    445                 continue
    446 
    447         if this and this[0] not in SPECIAL_CHARS:
    448             subpatternappend((LITERAL, ord(this)))
    449 
    450         elif this == "[":
    451             # character set
    452             set = []
    453             setappend = set.append
    454 ##          if sourcematch(":"):
    455 ##              pass # handle character classes
    456             if sourcematch("^"):
    457                 setappend((NEGATE, None))
    458             # check remaining characters
    459             start = set[:]
    460             while 1:
    461                 this = sourceget()
    462                 if this == "]" and set != start:
    463                     break
    464                 elif this and this[0] == "\\":
    465                     code1 = _class_escape(source, this, nested + 1)
    466                 elif this:
    467                     code1 = LITERAL, ord(this)
    468                 else:
    469                     raise error, "unexpected end of regular expression"
    470                 if sourcematch("-"):
    471                     # potential range
    472                     this = sourceget()
    473                     if this == "]":
    474                         if code1[0] is IN:
    475                             code1 = code1[1][0]
    476                         setappend(code1)
    477                         setappend((LITERAL, ord("-")))
    478                         break
    479                     elif this:
    480                         if this[0] == "\\":
    481                             code2 = _class_escape(source, this, nested + 1)
    482                         else:
    483                             code2 = LITERAL, ord(this)
    484                         if code1[0] != LITERAL or code2[0] != LITERAL:
    485                             raise error, "bad character range"
    486                         lo = code1[1]
    487                         hi = code2[1]
    488                         if hi < lo:
    489                             raise error, "bad character range"
    490                         setappend((RANGE, (lo, hi)))
    491                     else:
    492                         raise error, "unexpected end of regular expression"
    493                 else:
    494                     if code1[0] is IN:
    495                         code1 = code1[1][0]
    496                     setappend(code1)
    497 
    498             # XXX: <fl> should move set optimization to compiler!
    499             if _len(set)==1 and set[0][0] is LITERAL:
    500                 subpatternappend(set[0]) # optimization
    501             elif _len(set)==2 and set[0][0] is NEGATE and set[1][0] is LITERAL:
    502                 subpatternappend((NOT_LITERAL, set[1][1])) # optimization
    503             else:
    504                 # XXX: <fl> should add charmap optimization here
    505                 subpatternappend((IN, set))
    506 
    507         elif this and this[0] in REPEAT_CHARS:
    508             # repeat previous item
    509             if this == "?":
    510                 min, max = 0, 1
    511             elif this == "*":
    512                 min, max = 0, MAXREPEAT
    513 
    514             elif this == "+":
    515                 min, max = 1, MAXREPEAT
    516             elif this == "{":
    517                 if source.next == "}":
    518                     subpatternappend((LITERAL, ord(this)))
    519                     continue
    520                 here = source.tell()
    521                 min, max = 0, MAXREPEAT
    522                 lo = hi = ""
    523                 while source.next in DIGITS:
    524                     lo = lo + source.get()
    525                 if sourcematch(","):
    526                     while source.next in DIGITS:
    527                         hi = hi + sourceget()
    528                 else:
    529                     hi = lo
    530                 if not sourcematch("}"):
    531                     subpatternappend((LITERAL, ord(this)))
    532                     source.seek(here)
    533                     continue
    534                 if lo:
    535                     min = int(lo)
    536                     if min >= MAXREPEAT:
    537                         raise OverflowError("the repetition number is too large")
    538                 if hi:
    539                     max = int(hi)
    540                     if max >= MAXREPEAT:
    541                         raise OverflowError("the repetition number is too large")
    542                     if max < min:
    543                         raise error("bad repeat interval")
    544             else:
    545                 raise error, "not supported"
    546             # figure out which item to repeat
    547             if subpattern:
    548                 item = subpattern[-1:]
    549             else:
    550                 item = None
    551             if not item or (_len(item) == 1 and item[0][0] == AT):
    552                 raise error, "nothing to repeat"
    553             if item[0][0] in REPEATCODES:
    554                 raise error, "multiple repeat"
    555             if sourcematch("?"):
    556                 subpattern[-1] = (MIN_REPEAT, (min, max, item))
    557             else:
    558                 subpattern[-1] = (MAX_REPEAT, (min, max, item))
    559 
    560         elif this == ".":
    561             subpatternappend((ANY, None))
    562 
    563         elif this == "(":
    564             group = 1
    565             name = None
    566             condgroup = None
    567             if sourcematch("?"):
    568                 group = 0
    569                 # options
    570                 if sourcematch("P"):
    571                     # python extensions
    572                     if sourcematch("<"):
    573                         # named group: skip forward to end of name
    574                         name = ""
    575                         while 1:
    576                             char = sourceget()
    577                             if char is None:
    578                                 raise error, "unterminated name"
    579                             if char == ">":
    580                                 break
    581                             name = name + char
    582                         group = 1
    583                         if not name:
    584                             raise error("missing group name")
    585                         if not isname(name):
    586                             raise error("bad character in group name %r" %
    587                                         name)
    588                     elif sourcematch("="):
    589                         # named backreference
    590                         name = ""
    591                         while 1:
    592                             char = sourceget()
    593                             if char is None:
    594                                 raise error, "unterminated name"
    595                             if char == ")":
    596                                 break
    597                             name = name + char
    598                         if not name:
    599                             raise error("missing group name")
    600                         if not isname(name):
    601                             raise error("bad character in backref group name "
    602                                         "%r" % name)
    603                         gid = state.groupdict.get(name)
    604                         if gid is None:
    605                             msg = "unknown group name: {0!r}".format(name)
    606                             raise error(msg)
    607                         if state.lookbehind:
    608                             import warnings
    609                             warnings.warn('group references in lookbehind '
    610                                           'assertions are not supported',
    611                                           RuntimeWarning, stacklevel=nested + 6)
    612                         subpatternappend((GROUPREF, gid))
    613                         continue
    614                     else:
    615                         char = sourceget()
    616                         if char is None:
    617                             raise error, "unexpected end of pattern"
    618                         raise error, "unknown specifier: ?P%s" % char
    619                 elif sourcematch(":"):
    620                     # non-capturing group
    621                     group = 2
    622                 elif sourcematch("#"):
    623                     # comment
    624                     while 1:
    625                         if source.next is None or source.next == ")":
    626                             break
    627                         sourceget()
    628                     if not sourcematch(")"):
    629                         raise error, "unbalanced parenthesis"
    630                     continue
    631                 elif source.next in ASSERTCHARS:
    632                     # lookahead assertions
    633                     char = sourceget()
    634                     dir = 1
    635                     if char == "<":
    636                         if source.next not in LOOKBEHINDASSERTCHARS:
    637                             raise error, "syntax error"
    638                         dir = -1 # lookbehind
    639                         char = sourceget()
    640                         state.lookbehind += 1
    641                     p = _parse_sub(source, state, nested + 1)
    642                     if dir < 0:
    643                         state.lookbehind -= 1
    644                     if not sourcematch(")"):
    645                         raise error, "unbalanced parenthesis"
    646                     if char == "=":
    647                         subpatternappend((ASSERT, (dir, p)))
    648                     else:
    649                         subpatternappend((ASSERT_NOT, (dir, p)))
    650                     continue
    651                 elif sourcematch("("):
    652                     # conditional backreference group
    653                     condname = ""
    654                     while 1:
    655                         char = sourceget()
    656                         if char is None:
    657                             raise error, "unterminated name"
    658                         if char == ")":
    659                             break
    660                         condname = condname + char
    661                     group = 2
    662                     if not condname:
    663                         raise error("missing group name")
    664                     if isname(condname):
    665                         condgroup = state.groupdict.get(condname)
    666                         if condgroup is None:
    667                             msg = "unknown group name: {0!r}".format(condname)
    668                             raise error(msg)
    669                     else:
    670                         try:
    671                             condgroup = int(condname)
    672                         except ValueError:
    673                             raise error, "bad character in group name"
    674                     if state.lookbehind:
    675                         import warnings
    676                         warnings.warn('group references in lookbehind '
    677                                       'assertions are not supported',
    678                                       RuntimeWarning, stacklevel=nested + 6)
    679                 else:
    680                     # flags
    681                     if not source.next in FLAGS:
    682                         raise error, "unexpected end of pattern"
    683                     while source.next in FLAGS:
    684                         state.flags = state.flags | FLAGS[sourceget()]
    685             if group:
    686                 # parse group contents
    687                 if group == 2:
    688                     # anonymous group
    689                     group = None
    690                 else:
    691                     group = state.opengroup(name)
    692                 if condgroup:
    693                     p = _parse_sub_cond(source, state, condgroup, nested + 1)
    694                 else:
    695                     p = _parse_sub(source, state, nested + 1)
    696                 if not sourcematch(")"):
    697                     raise error, "unbalanced parenthesis"
    698                 if group is not None:
    699                     state.closegroup(group)
    700                 subpatternappend((SUBPATTERN, (group, p)))
    701             else:
    702                 while 1:
    703                     char = sourceget()
    704                     if char is None:
    705                         raise error, "unexpected end of pattern"
    706                     if char == ")":
    707                         break
    708                     raise error, "unknown extension"
    709 
    710         elif this == "^":
    711             subpatternappend((AT, AT_BEGINNING))
    712 
    713         elif this == "$":
    714             subpattern.append((AT, AT_END))
    715 
    716         elif this and this[0] == "\\":
    717             code = _escape(source, this, state, nested + 1)
    718             subpatternappend(code)
    719 
    720         else:
    721             raise error, "parser error"
    722 
    723     return subpattern
    724 
    725 def parse(str, flags=0, pattern=None):
    726     # parse 're' pattern into list of (opcode, argument) tuples
    727 
    728     source = Tokenizer(str)
    729 
    730     if pattern is None:
    731         pattern = Pattern()
    732     pattern.flags = flags
    733     pattern.str = str
    734 
    735     p = _parse_sub(source, pattern, 0)
    736     if (sys.py3kwarning and
    737         (p.pattern.flags & SRE_FLAG_LOCALE) and
    738         (p.pattern.flags & SRE_FLAG_UNICODE)):
    739         import warnings
    740         warnings.warnpy3k("LOCALE and UNICODE flags are incompatible",
    741                           DeprecationWarning, stacklevel=5)
    742 
    743     tail = source.get()
    744     if tail == ")":
    745         raise error, "unbalanced parenthesis"
    746     elif tail:
    747         raise error, "bogus characters at end of regular expression"
    748 
    749     if not (flags & SRE_FLAG_VERBOSE) and p.pattern.flags & SRE_FLAG_VERBOSE:
    750         # the VERBOSE flag was switched on inside the pattern.  to be
    751         # on the safe side, we'll parse the whole thing again...
    752         return parse(str, p.pattern.flags)
    753 
    754     if flags & SRE_FLAG_DEBUG:
    755         p.dump()
    756 
    757     return p
    758 
    759 def parse_template(source, pattern):
    760     # parse 're' replacement string into list of literals and
    761     # group references
    762     s = Tokenizer(source)
    763     sget = s.get
    764     p = []
    765     a = p.append
    766     def literal(literal, p=p, pappend=a):
    767         if p and p[-1][0] is LITERAL:
    768             p[-1] = LITERAL, p[-1][1] + literal
    769         else:
    770             pappend((LITERAL, literal))
    771     sep = source[:0]
    772     if type(sep) is type(""):
    773         makechar = chr
    774     else:
    775         makechar = unichr
    776     while 1:
    777         this = sget()
    778         if this is None:
    779             break # end of replacement string
    780         if this and this[0] == "\\":
    781             # group
    782             c = this[1:2]
    783             if c == "g":
    784                 name = ""
    785                 if s.match("<"):
    786                     while 1:
    787                         char = sget()
    788                         if char is None:
    789                             raise error, "unterminated group name"
    790                         if char == ">":
    791                             break
    792                         name = name + char
    793                 if not name:
    794                     raise error, "missing group name"
    795                 try:
    796                     index = int(name)
    797                     if index < 0:
    798                         raise error, "negative group number"
    799                 except ValueError:
    800                     if not isname(name):
    801                         raise error, "bad character in group name"
    802                     try:
    803                         index = pattern.groupindex[name]
    804                     except KeyError:
    805                         msg = "unknown group name: {0!r}".format(name)
    806                         raise IndexError(msg)
    807                 a((MARK, index))
    808             elif c == "0":
    809                 if s.next in OCTDIGITS:
    810                     this = this + sget()
    811                     if s.next in OCTDIGITS:
    812                         this = this + sget()
    813                 literal(makechar(int(this[1:], 8) & 0xff))
    814             elif c in DIGITS:
    815                 isoctal = False
    816                 if s.next in DIGITS:
    817                     this = this + sget()
    818                     if (c in OCTDIGITS and this[2] in OCTDIGITS and
    819                         s.next in OCTDIGITS):
    820                         this = this + sget()
    821                         isoctal = True
    822                         literal(makechar(int(this[1:], 8) & 0xff))
    823                 if not isoctal:
    824                     a((MARK, int(this[1:])))
    825             else:
    826                 try:
    827                     this = makechar(ESCAPES[this][1])
    828                 except KeyError:
    829                     if sys.py3kwarning and c in ASCIILETTERS:
    830                         import warnings
    831                         warnings.warnpy3k('bad escape %s' % this,
    832                                           DeprecationWarning, stacklevel=4)
    833                 literal(this)
    834         else:
    835             literal(this)
    836     # convert template to groups and literals lists
    837     i = 0
    838     groups = []
    839     groupsappend = groups.append
    840     literals = [None] * len(p)
    841     for c, s in p:
    842         if c is MARK:
    843             groupsappend((i, s))
    844             # literal[i] is already None
    845         else:
    846             literals[i] = s
    847         i = i + 1
    848     return groups, literals
    849 
    850 def expand_template(template, match):
    851     g = match.group
    852     sep = match.string[:0]
    853     groups, literals = template
    854     literals = literals[:]
    855     try:
    856         for index, group in groups:
    857             literals[index] = s = g(group)
    858             if s is None:
    859                 raise error, "unmatched group"
    860     except IndexError:
    861         raise error, "invalid group reference"
    862     return sep.join(literals)
    863