1 // Copyright 2007, Google Inc. 2 // All rights reserved. 3 // 4 // Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without 5 // modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions are 6 // met: 7 // 8 // * Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright 9 // notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer. 10 // * Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above 11 // copyright notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer 12 // in the documentation and/or other materials provided with the 13 // distribution. 14 // * Neither the name of Google Inc. nor the names of its 15 // contributors may be used to endorse or promote products derived from 16 // this software without specific prior written permission. 17 // 18 // THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND CONTRIBUTORS 19 // "AS IS" AND ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT 20 // LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR 21 // A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE COPYRIGHT 22 // OWNER OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL, 23 // SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT 24 // LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE, 25 // DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY 26 // THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT 27 // (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE 28 // OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE. 29 // 30 // Author: wan (at) google.com (Zhanyong Wan) 31 32 // Google Test - The Google C++ Testing Framework 33 // 34 // This file implements a universal value printer that can print a 35 // value of any type T: 36 // 37 // void ::testing::internal::UniversalPrinter<T>::Print(value, ostream_ptr); 38 // 39 // It uses the << operator when possible, and prints the bytes in the 40 // object otherwise. A user can override its behavior for a class 41 // type Foo by defining either operator<<(::std::ostream&, const Foo&) 42 // or void PrintTo(const Foo&, ::std::ostream*) in the namespace that 43 // defines Foo. 44 45 #include "gtest/gtest-printers.h" 46 #include <ctype.h> 47 #include <stdio.h> 48 #include <cwchar> 49 #include <ostream> // NOLINT 50 #include <string> 51 #include "gtest/internal/gtest-port.h" 52 53 namespace testing { 54 55 namespace { 56 57 using ::std::ostream; 58 59 // Prints a segment of bytes in the given object. 60 GTEST_ATTRIBUTE_NO_SANITIZE_MEMORY_ 61 GTEST_ATTRIBUTE_NO_SANITIZE_ADDRESS_ 62 GTEST_ATTRIBUTE_NO_SANITIZE_THREAD_ 63 void PrintByteSegmentInObjectTo(const unsigned char* obj_bytes, size_t start, 64 size_t count, ostream* os) { 65 char text[5] = ""; 66 for (size_t i = 0; i != count; i++) { 67 const size_t j = start + i; 68 if (i != 0) { 69 // Organizes the bytes into groups of 2 for easy parsing by 70 // human. 71 if ((j % 2) == 0) 72 *os << ' '; 73 else 74 *os << '-'; 75 } 76 GTEST_SNPRINTF_(text, sizeof(text), "%02X", obj_bytes[j]); 77 *os << text; 78 } 79 } 80 81 // Prints the bytes in the given value to the given ostream. 82 void PrintBytesInObjectToImpl(const unsigned char* obj_bytes, size_t count, 83 ostream* os) { 84 // Tells the user how big the object is. 85 *os << count << "-byte object <"; 86 87 const size_t kThreshold = 132; 88 const size_t kChunkSize = 64; 89 // If the object size is bigger than kThreshold, we'll have to omit 90 // some details by printing only the first and the last kChunkSize 91 // bytes. 92 // TODO(wan): let the user control the threshold using a flag. 93 if (count < kThreshold) { 94 PrintByteSegmentInObjectTo(obj_bytes, 0, count, os); 95 } else { 96 PrintByteSegmentInObjectTo(obj_bytes, 0, kChunkSize, os); 97 *os << " ... "; 98 // Rounds up to 2-byte boundary. 99 const size_t resume_pos = (count - kChunkSize + 1)/2*2; 100 PrintByteSegmentInObjectTo(obj_bytes, resume_pos, count - resume_pos, os); 101 } 102 *os << ">"; 103 } 104 105 } // namespace 106 107 namespace internal2 { 108 109 // Delegates to PrintBytesInObjectToImpl() to print the bytes in the 110 // given object. The delegation simplifies the implementation, which 111 // uses the << operator and thus is easier done outside of the 112 // ::testing::internal namespace, which contains a << operator that 113 // sometimes conflicts with the one in STL. 114 void PrintBytesInObjectTo(const unsigned char* obj_bytes, size_t count, 115 ostream* os) { 116 PrintBytesInObjectToImpl(obj_bytes, count, os); 117 } 118 119 } // namespace internal2 120 121 namespace internal { 122 123 // Depending on the value of a char (or wchar_t), we print it in one 124 // of three formats: 125 // - as is if it's a printable ASCII (e.g. 'a', '2', ' '), 126 // - as a hexidecimal escape sequence (e.g. '\x7F'), or 127 // - as a special escape sequence (e.g. '\r', '\n'). 128 enum CharFormat { 129 kAsIs, 130 kHexEscape, 131 kSpecialEscape 132 }; 133 134 // Returns true if c is a printable ASCII character. We test the 135 // value of c directly instead of calling isprint(), which is buggy on 136 // Windows Mobile. 137 inline bool IsPrintableAscii(wchar_t c) { 138 return 0x20 <= c && c <= 0x7E; 139 } 140 141 // Prints a wide or narrow char c as a character literal without the 142 // quotes, escaping it when necessary; returns how c was formatted. 143 // The template argument UnsignedChar is the unsigned version of Char, 144 // which is the type of c. 145 template <typename UnsignedChar, typename Char> 146 static CharFormat PrintAsCharLiteralTo(Char c, ostream* os) { 147 switch (static_cast<wchar_t>(c)) { 148 case L'\0': 149 *os << "\\0"; 150 break; 151 case L'\'': 152 *os << "\\'"; 153 break; 154 case L'\\': 155 *os << "\\\\"; 156 break; 157 case L'\a': 158 *os << "\\a"; 159 break; 160 case L'\b': 161 *os << "\\b"; 162 break; 163 case L'\f': 164 *os << "\\f"; 165 break; 166 case L'\n': 167 *os << "\\n"; 168 break; 169 case L'\r': 170 *os << "\\r"; 171 break; 172 case L'\t': 173 *os << "\\t"; 174 break; 175 case L'\v': 176 *os << "\\v"; 177 break; 178 default: 179 if (IsPrintableAscii(c)) { 180 *os << static_cast<char>(c); 181 return kAsIs; 182 } else { 183 *os << "\\x" + String::FormatHexInt(static_cast<UnsignedChar>(c)); 184 return kHexEscape; 185 } 186 } 187 return kSpecialEscape; 188 } 189 190 // Prints a wchar_t c as if it's part of a string literal, escaping it when 191 // necessary; returns how c was formatted. 192 static CharFormat PrintAsStringLiteralTo(wchar_t c, ostream* os) { 193 switch (c) { 194 case L'\'': 195 *os << "'"; 196 return kAsIs; 197 case L'"': 198 *os << "\\\""; 199 return kSpecialEscape; 200 default: 201 return PrintAsCharLiteralTo<wchar_t>(c, os); 202 } 203 } 204 205 // Prints a char c as if it's part of a string literal, escaping it when 206 // necessary; returns how c was formatted. 207 static CharFormat PrintAsStringLiteralTo(char c, ostream* os) { 208 return PrintAsStringLiteralTo( 209 static_cast<wchar_t>(static_cast<unsigned char>(c)), os); 210 } 211 212 // Prints a wide or narrow character c and its code. '\0' is printed 213 // as "'\\0'", other unprintable characters are also properly escaped 214 // using the standard C++ escape sequence. The template argument 215 // UnsignedChar is the unsigned version of Char, which is the type of c. 216 template <typename UnsignedChar, typename Char> 217 void PrintCharAndCodeTo(Char c, ostream* os) { 218 // First, print c as a literal in the most readable form we can find. 219 *os << ((sizeof(c) > 1) ? "L'" : "'"); 220 const CharFormat format = PrintAsCharLiteralTo<UnsignedChar>(c, os); 221 *os << "'"; 222 223 // To aid user debugging, we also print c's code in decimal, unless 224 // it's 0 (in which case c was printed as '\\0', making the code 225 // obvious). 226 if (c == 0) 227 return; 228 *os << " (" << static_cast<int>(c); 229 230 // For more convenience, we print c's code again in hexidecimal, 231 // unless c was already printed in the form '\x##' or the code is in 232 // [1, 9]. 233 if (format == kHexEscape || (1 <= c && c <= 9)) { 234 // Do nothing. 235 } else { 236 *os << ", 0x" << String::FormatHexInt(static_cast<UnsignedChar>(c)); 237 } 238 *os << ")"; 239 } 240 241 void PrintTo(unsigned char c, ::std::ostream* os) { 242 PrintCharAndCodeTo<unsigned char>(c, os); 243 } 244 void PrintTo(signed char c, ::std::ostream* os) { 245 PrintCharAndCodeTo<unsigned char>(c, os); 246 } 247 248 // Prints a wchar_t as a symbol if it is printable or as its internal 249 // code otherwise and also as its code. L'\0' is printed as "L'\\0'". 250 void PrintTo(wchar_t wc, ostream* os) { 251 PrintCharAndCodeTo<wchar_t>(wc, os); 252 } 253 254 // Prints the given array of characters to the ostream. CharType must be either 255 // char or wchar_t. 256 // The array starts at begin, the length is len, it may include '\0' characters 257 // and may not be NUL-terminated. 258 template <typename CharType> 259 GTEST_ATTRIBUTE_NO_SANITIZE_MEMORY_ 260 GTEST_ATTRIBUTE_NO_SANITIZE_ADDRESS_ 261 GTEST_ATTRIBUTE_NO_SANITIZE_THREAD_ 262 static void PrintCharsAsStringTo( 263 const CharType* begin, size_t len, ostream* os) { 264 const char* const kQuoteBegin = sizeof(CharType) == 1 ? "\"" : "L\""; 265 *os << kQuoteBegin; 266 bool is_previous_hex = false; 267 for (size_t index = 0; index < len; ++index) { 268 const CharType cur = begin[index]; 269 if (is_previous_hex && IsXDigit(cur)) { 270 // Previous character is of '\x..' form and this character can be 271 // interpreted as another hexadecimal digit in its number. Break string to 272 // disambiguate. 273 *os << "\" " << kQuoteBegin; 274 } 275 is_previous_hex = PrintAsStringLiteralTo(cur, os) == kHexEscape; 276 } 277 *os << "\""; 278 } 279 280 // Prints a (const) char/wchar_t array of 'len' elements, starting at address 281 // 'begin'. CharType must be either char or wchar_t. 282 template <typename CharType> 283 GTEST_ATTRIBUTE_NO_SANITIZE_MEMORY_ 284 GTEST_ATTRIBUTE_NO_SANITIZE_ADDRESS_ 285 GTEST_ATTRIBUTE_NO_SANITIZE_THREAD_ 286 static void UniversalPrintCharArray( 287 const CharType* begin, size_t len, ostream* os) { 288 // The code 289 // const char kFoo[] = "foo"; 290 // generates an array of 4, not 3, elements, with the last one being '\0'. 291 // 292 // Therefore when printing a char array, we don't print the last element if 293 // it's '\0', such that the output matches the string literal as it's 294 // written in the source code. 295 if (len > 0 && begin[len - 1] == '\0') { 296 PrintCharsAsStringTo(begin, len - 1, os); 297 return; 298 } 299 300 // If, however, the last element in the array is not '\0', e.g. 301 // const char kFoo[] = { 'f', 'o', 'o' }; 302 // we must print the entire array. We also print a message to indicate 303 // that the array is not NUL-terminated. 304 PrintCharsAsStringTo(begin, len, os); 305 *os << " (no terminating NUL)"; 306 } 307 308 // Prints a (const) char array of 'len' elements, starting at address 'begin'. 309 void UniversalPrintArray(const char* begin, size_t len, ostream* os) { 310 UniversalPrintCharArray(begin, len, os); 311 } 312 313 // Prints a (const) wchar_t array of 'len' elements, starting at address 314 // 'begin'. 315 void UniversalPrintArray(const wchar_t* begin, size_t len, ostream* os) { 316 UniversalPrintCharArray(begin, len, os); 317 } 318 319 // Prints the given C string to the ostream. 320 void PrintTo(const char* s, ostream* os) { 321 if (s == NULL) { 322 *os << "NULL"; 323 } else { 324 *os << ImplicitCast_<const void*>(s) << " pointing to "; 325 PrintCharsAsStringTo(s, strlen(s), os); 326 } 327 } 328 329 // MSVC compiler can be configured to define whar_t as a typedef 330 // of unsigned short. Defining an overload for const wchar_t* in that case 331 // would cause pointers to unsigned shorts be printed as wide strings, 332 // possibly accessing more memory than intended and causing invalid 333 // memory accesses. MSVC defines _NATIVE_WCHAR_T_DEFINED symbol when 334 // wchar_t is implemented as a native type. 335 #if !defined(_MSC_VER) || defined(_NATIVE_WCHAR_T_DEFINED) 336 // Prints the given wide C string to the ostream. 337 void PrintTo(const wchar_t* s, ostream* os) { 338 if (s == NULL) { 339 *os << "NULL"; 340 } else { 341 *os << ImplicitCast_<const void*>(s) << " pointing to "; 342 PrintCharsAsStringTo(s, std::wcslen(s), os); 343 } 344 } 345 #endif // wchar_t is native 346 347 // Prints a ::string object. 348 #if GTEST_HAS_GLOBAL_STRING 349 void PrintStringTo(const ::string& s, ostream* os) { 350 PrintCharsAsStringTo(s.data(), s.size(), os); 351 } 352 #endif // GTEST_HAS_GLOBAL_STRING 353 354 void PrintStringTo(const ::std::string& s, ostream* os) { 355 PrintCharsAsStringTo(s.data(), s.size(), os); 356 } 357 358 // Prints a ::wstring object. 359 #if GTEST_HAS_GLOBAL_WSTRING 360 void PrintWideStringTo(const ::wstring& s, ostream* os) { 361 PrintCharsAsStringTo(s.data(), s.size(), os); 362 } 363 #endif // GTEST_HAS_GLOBAL_WSTRING 364 365 #if GTEST_HAS_STD_WSTRING 366 void PrintWideStringTo(const ::std::wstring& s, ostream* os) { 367 PrintCharsAsStringTo(s.data(), s.size(), os); 368 } 369 #endif // GTEST_HAS_STD_WSTRING 370 371 } // namespace internal 372 373 } // namespace testing 374