1 # <pre> 2 # @(#)antarctica 8.7 3 # This file is in the public domain, so clarified as of 4 # 2009-05-17 by Arthur David Olson. 5 6 # From Paul Eggert (1999-11-15): 7 # To keep things manageable, we list only locations occupied year-round; see 8 # <a href="http://www.comnap.aq/comnap/comnap.nsf/P/Stations/"> 9 # COMNAP - Stations and Bases 10 # </a> 11 # and 12 # <a href="http://www.spri.cam.ac.uk/bob/periant.htm"> 13 # Summary of the Peri-Antarctic Islands (1998-07-23) 14 # </a> 15 # for information. 16 # Unless otherwise specified, we have no time zone information. 17 # 18 # Except for the French entries, 19 # I made up all time zone abbreviations mentioned here; corrections welcome! 20 # FORMAT is `zzz' and GMTOFF is 0 for locations while uninhabited. 21 22 # These rules are stolen from the `europe' file. 23 # Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 24 Rule RussAQ 1981 1984 - Apr 1 0:00 1:00 S 25 Rule RussAQ 1981 1983 - Oct 1 0:00 0 - 26 Rule RussAQ 1984 1991 - Sep lastSun 2:00s 0 - 27 Rule RussAQ 1985 1991 - Mar lastSun 2:00s 1:00 S 28 Rule RussAQ 1992 only - Mar lastSat 23:00 1:00 S 29 Rule RussAQ 1992 only - Sep lastSat 23:00 0 - 30 Rule RussAQ 1993 max - Mar lastSun 2:00s 1:00 S 31 Rule RussAQ 1993 1995 - Sep lastSun 2:00s 0 - 32 Rule RussAQ 1996 max - Oct lastSun 2:00s 0 - 33 34 # These rules are stolen from the `southamerica' file. 35 # Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 36 Rule ArgAQ 1964 1966 - Mar 1 0:00 0 - 37 Rule ArgAQ 1964 1966 - Oct 15 0:00 1:00 S 38 Rule ArgAQ 1967 only - Apr 2 0:00 0 - 39 Rule ArgAQ 1967 1968 - Oct Sun>=1 0:00 1:00 S 40 Rule ArgAQ 1968 1969 - Apr Sun>=1 0:00 0 - 41 Rule ArgAQ 1974 only - Jan 23 0:00 1:00 S 42 Rule ArgAQ 1974 only - May 1 0:00 0 - 43 Rule ChileAQ 1972 1986 - Mar Sun>=9 3:00u 0 - 44 Rule ChileAQ 1974 1987 - Oct Sun>=9 4:00u 1:00 S 45 Rule ChileAQ 1987 only - Apr 12 3:00u 0 - 46 Rule ChileAQ 1988 1989 - Mar Sun>=9 3:00u 0 - 47 Rule ChileAQ 1988 only - Oct Sun>=1 4:00u 1:00 S 48 Rule ChileAQ 1989 only - Oct Sun>=9 4:00u 1:00 S 49 Rule ChileAQ 1990 only - Mar 18 3:00u 0 - 50 Rule ChileAQ 1990 only - Sep 16 4:00u 1:00 S 51 Rule ChileAQ 1991 1996 - Mar Sun>=9 3:00u 0 - 52 Rule ChileAQ 1991 1997 - Oct Sun>=9 4:00u 1:00 S 53 Rule ChileAQ 1997 only - Mar 30 3:00u 0 - 54 Rule ChileAQ 1998 only - Mar Sun>=9 3:00u 0 - 55 Rule ChileAQ 1998 only - Sep 27 4:00u 1:00 S 56 Rule ChileAQ 1999 only - Apr 4 3:00u 0 - 57 Rule ChileAQ 1999 max - Oct Sun>=9 4:00u 1:00 S 58 Rule ChileAQ 2000 max - Mar Sun>=9 3:00u 0 - 59 60 61 # Argentina - year-round bases 62 # Belgrano II, Confin Coast, -770227-0343737, since 1972-02-05 63 # Esperanza, San Martin Land, -6323-05659, since 1952-12-17 64 # Jubany, Potter Peninsula, King George Island, -6414-0602320, since 1982-01 65 # Marambio, Seymour I, -6414-05637, since 1969-10-29 66 # Orcadas, Laurie I, -6016-04444, since 1904-02-22 67 # San Martin, Debenham I, -6807-06708, since 1951-03-21 68 # (except 1960-03 / 1976-03-21) 69 70 # Australia - territories 71 # Heard Island, McDonald Islands (uninhabited) 72 # previously sealers and scientific personnel wintered 73 # <a href="http://web.archive.org/web/20021204222245/http://www.dstc.qut.edu.au/DST/marg/daylight.html"> 74 # Margaret Turner reports 75 # </a> (1999-09-30) that they're UTC+5, with no DST; 76 # presumably this is when they have visitors. 77 # 78 # year-round bases 79 # Casey, Bailey Peninsula, -6617+11032, since 1969 80 # Davis, Vestfold Hills, -6835+07759, since 1957-01-13 81 # (except 1964-11 - 1969-02) 82 # Mawson, Holme Bay, -6736+06253, since 1954-02-13 83 84 # From Steffen Thorsen (2009-03-11): 85 # Three Australian stations in Antarctica have changed their time zone: 86 # Casey moved from UTC+8 to UTC+11 87 # Davis moved from UTC+7 to UTC+5 88 # Mawson moved from UTC+6 to UTC+5 89 # The changes occurred on 2009-10-18 at 02:00 (local times). 90 # 91 # Government source: (Australian Antarctic Division) 92 # <a href="http://www.aad.gov.au/default.asp?casid=37079"> 93 # http://www.aad.gov.au/default.asp?casid=37079 94 # </a> 95 # 96 # We have more background information here: 97 # <a href="http://www.timeanddate.com/news/time/antarctica-new-times.html"> 98 # http://www.timeanddate.com/news/time/antarctica-new-times.html 99 # </a> 100 101 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 102 Zone Antarctica/Casey 0 - zzz 1969 103 8:00 - WST 2009 Oct 18 2:00 104 # Western (Aus) Standard Time 105 11:00 - CAST # Casey Time 106 Zone Antarctica/Davis 0 - zzz 1957 Jan 13 107 7:00 - DAVT 1964 Nov # Davis Time 108 0 - zzz 1969 Feb 109 7:00 - DAVT 2009 Oct 18 2:00 110 5:00 - DAVT 111 Zone Antarctica/Mawson 0 - zzz 1954 Feb 13 112 6:00 - MAWT 2009 Oct 18 2:00 113 # Mawson Time 114 5:00 - MAWT 115 # References: 116 # <a href="http://www.antdiv.gov.au/aad/exop/sfo/casey/casey_aws.html"> 117 # Casey Weather (1998-02-26) 118 # </a> 119 # <a href="http://www.antdiv.gov.au/aad/exop/sfo/davis/video.html"> 120 # Davis Station, Antarctica (1998-02-26) 121 # </a> 122 # <a href="http://www.antdiv.gov.au/aad/exop/sfo/mawson/video.html"> 123 # Mawson Station, Antarctica (1998-02-25) 124 # </a> 125 126 # Brazil - year-round base 127 # Comandante Ferraz, King George Island, -6205+05824, since 1983/4 128 129 # Chile - year-round bases and towns 130 # Escudero, South Shetland Is, -621157-0585735, since 1994 131 # Presidente Eduadro Frei, King George Island, -6214-05848, since 1969-03-07 132 # General Bernardo O'Higgins, Antarctic Peninsula, -6319-05704, since 1948-02 133 # Capitan Arturo Prat, -6230-05941 134 # Villa Las Estrellas (a town), around the Frei base, since 1984-04-09 135 # These locations have always used Santiago time; use TZ='America/Santiago'. 136 137 # China - year-round bases 138 # Great Wall, King George Island, -6213-05858, since 1985-02-20 139 # Zhongshan, Larsemann Hills, Prydz Bay, -6922+07623, since 1989-02-26 140 141 # France - year-round bases 142 # 143 # From Antoine Leca (1997-01-20): 144 # Time data are from Nicole Pailleau at the IFRTP 145 # (French Institute for Polar Research and Technology). 146 # She confirms that French Southern Territories and Terre Adelie bases 147 # don't observe daylight saving time, even if Terre Adelie supplies came 148 # from Tasmania. 149 # 150 # French Southern Territories with year-round inhabitants 151 # 152 # Martin-de-Vivies Base, Amsterdam Island, -374105+0773155, since 1950 153 # Alfred-Faure Base, Crozet Islands, -462551+0515152, since 1964 154 # Port-aux-Francais, Kerguelen Islands, -492110+0701303, since 1951; 155 # whaling & sealing station operated 1908/1914, 1920/1929, and 1951/1956 156 # 157 # St Paul Island - near Amsterdam, uninhabited 158 # fishing stations operated variously 1819/1931 159 # 160 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 161 Zone Indian/Kerguelen 0 - zzz 1950 # Port-aux-Francais 162 5:00 - TFT # ISO code TF Time 163 # 164 # year-round base in the main continent 165 # Dumont-d'Urville, Ile des Petrels, -6640+14001, since 1956-11 166 # 167 # Another base at Port-Martin, 50km east, began operation in 1947. 168 # It was destroyed by fire on 1952-01-14. 169 # 170 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 171 Zone Antarctica/DumontDUrville 0 - zzz 1947 172 10:00 - PMT 1952 Jan 14 # Port-Martin Time 173 0 - zzz 1956 Nov 174 10:00 - DDUT # Dumont-d'Urville Time 175 # Reference: 176 # <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dumont_d'Urville_Station"> 177 # Dumont d'Urville Station (2005-12-05) 178 # </a> 179 180 # Germany - year-round base 181 # Georg von Neumayer, -7039-00815 182 183 # India - year-round base 184 # Dakshin Gangotri, -7005+01200 185 186 # Japan - year-round bases 187 # Dome Fuji, -7719+03942 188 # Syowa, -690022+0393524 189 # 190 # From Hideyuki Suzuki (1999-02-06): 191 # In all Japanese stations, +0300 is used as the standard time. 192 # 193 # Syowa station, which is the first antarctic station of Japan, 194 # was established on 1957-01-29. Since Syowa station is still the main 195 # station of Japan, it's appropriate for the principal location. 196 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 197 Zone Antarctica/Syowa 0 - zzz 1957 Jan 29 198 3:00 - SYOT # Syowa Time 199 # See: 200 # <a href="http://www.nipr.ac.jp/english/ara01.html"> 201 # NIPR Antarctic Research Activities (1999-08-17) 202 # </a> 203 204 # S Korea - year-round base 205 # King Sejong, King George Island, -6213-05847, since 1988 206 207 # New Zealand - claims 208 # Balleny Islands (never inhabited) 209 # Scott Island (never inhabited) 210 # 211 # year-round base 212 # Scott, Ross Island, since 1957-01, is like Antarctica/McMurdo. 213 # 214 # These rules for New Zealand are stolen from the `australasia' file. 215 # Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 216 Rule NZAQ 1974 only - Nov 3 2:00s 1:00 D 217 Rule NZAQ 1975 1988 - Oct lastSun 2:00s 1:00 D 218 Rule NZAQ 1989 only - Oct 8 2:00s 1:00 D 219 Rule NZAQ 1990 2006 - Oct Sun>=1 2:00s 1:00 D 220 Rule NZAQ 1975 only - Feb 23 2:00s 0 S 221 Rule NZAQ 1976 1989 - Mar Sun>=1 2:00s 0 S 222 Rule NZAQ 1990 2007 - Mar Sun>=15 2:00s 0 S 223 Rule NZAQ 2007 max - Sep lastSun 2:00s 1:00 D 224 Rule NZAQ 2008 max - Apr Sun>=1 2:00s 0 S 225 226 # Norway - territories 227 # Bouvet (never inhabited) 228 # 229 # claims 230 # Peter I Island (never inhabited) 231 232 # Poland - year-round base 233 # Arctowski, King George Island, -620945-0582745, since 1977 234 235 # Russia - year-round bases 236 # Bellingshausen, King George Island, -621159-0585337, since 1968-02-22 237 # Mirny, Davis coast, -6633+09301, since 1956-02 238 # Molodezhnaya, Alasheyev Bay, -6740+04551, 239 # year-round from 1962-02 to 1999-07-01 240 # Novolazarevskaya, Queen Maud Land, -7046+01150, 241 # year-round from 1960/61 to 1992 242 243 # Vostok, since 1957-12-16, temporarily closed 1994-02/1994-11 244 # <a href="http://quest.arc.nasa.gov/antarctica/QA/computers/Directions,Time,ZIP"> 245 # From Craig Mundell (1994-12-15)</a>: 246 # Vostok, which is one of the Russian stations, is set on the same 247 # time as Moscow, Russia. 248 # 249 # From Lee Hotz (2001-03-08): 250 # I queried the folks at Columbia who spent the summer at Vostok and this is 251 # what they had to say about time there: 252 # ``in the US Camp (East Camp) we have been on New Zealand (McMurdo) 253 # time, which is 12 hours ahead of GMT. The Russian Station Vostok was 254 # 6 hours behind that (although only 2 miles away, i.e. 6 hours ahead 255 # of GMT). This is a time zone I think two hours east of Moscow. The 256 # natural time zone is in between the two: 8 hours ahead of GMT.'' 257 # 258 # From Paul Eggert (2001-05-04): 259 # This seems to be hopelessly confusing, so I asked Lee Hotz about it 260 # in person. He said that some Antartic locations set their local 261 # time so that noon is the warmest part of the day, and that this 262 # changes during the year and does not necessarily correspond to mean 263 # solar noon. So the Vostok time might have been whatever the clocks 264 # happened to be during their visit. So we still don't really know what time 265 # it is at Vostok. But we'll guess UTC+6. 266 # 267 Zone Antarctica/Vostok 0 - zzz 1957 Dec 16 268 6:00 - VOST # Vostok time 269 270 # S Africa - year-round bases 271 # Marion Island, -4653+03752 272 # Sanae, -7141-00250 273 274 # UK 275 # 276 # British Antarctic Territories (BAT) claims 277 # South Orkney Islands 278 # scientific station from 1903 279 # whaling station at Signy I 1920/1926 280 # South Shetland Islands 281 # 282 # year-round bases 283 # Bird Island, South Georgia, -5400-03803, since 1983 284 # Deception Island, -6259-06034, whaling station 1912/1931, 285 # scientific station 1943/1967, 286 # previously sealers and a scientific expedition wintered by accident, 287 # and a garrison was deployed briefly 288 # Halley, Coates Land, -7535-02604, since 1956-01-06 289 # Halley is on a moving ice shelf and is periodically relocated 290 # so that it is never more than 10km from its nominal location. 291 # Rothera, Adelaide Island, -6734-6808, since 1976-12-01 292 # 293 # From Paul Eggert (2002-10-22) 294 # <http://webexhibits.org/daylightsaving/g.html> says Rothera is -03 all year. 295 # 296 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 297 Zone Antarctica/Rothera 0 - zzz 1976 Dec 1 298 -3:00 - ROTT # Rothera time 299 300 # Uruguay - year round base 301 # Artigas, King George Island, -621104-0585107 302 303 # USA - year-round bases 304 # 305 # Palmer, Anvers Island, since 1965 (moved 2 miles in 1968) 306 # 307 # From Ethan Dicks (1996-10-06): 308 # It keeps the same time as Punta Arenas, Chile, because, just like us 309 # and the South Pole, that's the other end of their supply line.... 310 # I verified with someone who was there that since 1980, 311 # Palmer has followed Chile. Prior to that, before the Falklands War, 312 # Palmer used to be supplied from Argentina. 313 # 314 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 315 Zone Antarctica/Palmer 0 - zzz 1965 316 -4:00 ArgAQ AR%sT 1969 Oct 5 317 -3:00 ArgAQ AR%sT 1982 May 318 -4:00 ChileAQ CL%sT 319 # 320 # 321 # McMurdo, Ross Island, since 1955-12 322 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 323 Zone Antarctica/McMurdo 0 - zzz 1956 324 12:00 NZAQ NZ%sT 325 # 326 # Amundsen-Scott, South Pole, continuously occupied since 1956-11-20 327 # 328 # From Paul Eggert (1996-09-03): 329 # Normally it wouldn't have a separate entry, since it's like the 330 # larger Antarctica/McMurdo since 1970, but it's too famous to omit. 331 # 332 # From Chris Carrier (1996-06-27): 333 # Siple, the first commander of the South Pole station, 334 # stated that he would have liked to have kept GMT at the station, 335 # but that he found it more convenient to keep GMT+12 336 # as supplies for the station were coming from McMurdo Sound, 337 # which was on GMT+12 because New Zealand was on GMT+12 all year 338 # at that time (1957). (Source: Siple's book 90 degrees SOUTH.) 339 # 340 # From Susan Smith 341 # http://www.cybertours.com/whs/pole10.html 342 # (1995-11-13 16:24:56 +1300, no longer available): 343 # We use the same time as McMurdo does. 344 # And they use the same time as Christchurch, NZ does.... 345 # One last quirk about South Pole time. 346 # All the electric clocks are usually wrong. 347 # Something about the generators running at 60.1hertz or something 348 # makes all of the clocks run fast. So every couple of days, 349 # we have to go around and set them back 5 minutes or so. 350 # Maybe if we let them run fast all of the time, we'd get to leave here sooner!! 351 # 352 Link Antarctica/McMurdo Antarctica/South_Pole 353
