1 # @(#)asia 8.44 2 # This file is in the public domain, so clarified as of 3 # 2009-05-17 by Arthur David Olson. 4 5 # This data is by no means authoritative; if you think you know better, 6 # go ahead and edit the file (and please send any changes to 7 # tz (a] elsie.nci.nih.gov for general use in the future). 8 9 # From Paul Eggert (2006-03-22): 10 # 11 # A good source for time zone historical data outside the U.S. is 12 # Thomas G. Shanks and Rique Pottenger, The International Atlas (6th edition), 13 # San Diego: ACS Publications, Inc. (2003). 14 # 15 # Gwillim Law writes that a good source 16 # for recent time zone data is the International Air Transport 17 # Association's Standard Schedules Information Manual (IATA SSIM), 18 # published semiannually. Law sent in several helpful summaries 19 # of the IATA's data after 1990. 20 # 21 # Except where otherwise noted, Shanks & Pottenger is the source for 22 # entries through 1990, and IATA SSIM is the source for entries afterwards. 23 # 24 # Another source occasionally used is Edward W. Whitman, World Time Differences, 25 # Whitman Publishing Co, 2 Niagara Av, Ealing, London (undated), which 26 # I found in the UCLA library. 27 # 28 # A reliable and entertaining source about time zones is 29 # Derek Howse, Greenwich time and longitude, Philip Wilson Publishers (1997). 30 # 31 # I invented the abbreviations marked `*' in the following table; 32 # the rest are from earlier versions of this file, or from other sources. 33 # Corrections are welcome! 34 # std dst 35 # LMT Local Mean Time 36 # 2:00 EET EEST Eastern European Time 37 # 2:00 IST IDT Israel 38 # 3:00 AST ADT Arabia* 39 # 3:30 IRST IRDT Iran 40 # 4:00 GST Gulf* 41 # 5:30 IST India 42 # 7:00 ICT Indochina* 43 # 7:00 WIT west Indonesia 44 # 8:00 CIT central Indonesia 45 # 8:00 CST China 46 # 9:00 CJT Central Japanese Time (1896/1937)* 47 # 9:00 EIT east Indonesia 48 # 9:00 JST JDT Japan 49 # 9:00 KST KDT Korea 50 # 9:30 CST (Australian) Central Standard Time 51 # 52 # See the `europe' file for Russia and Turkey in Asia. 53 54 # From Guy Harris: 55 # Incorporates data for Singapore from Robert Elz' asia 1.1, as well as 56 # additional information from Tom Yap, Sun Microsystems Intercontinental 57 # Technical Support (including a page from the Official Airline Guide - 58 # Worldwide Edition). The names for time zones are guesses. 59 60 ############################################################################### 61 62 # These rules are stolen from the `europe' file. 63 # Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 64 Rule EUAsia 1981 max - Mar lastSun 1:00u 1:00 S 65 Rule EUAsia 1979 1995 - Sep lastSun 1:00u 0 - 66 Rule EUAsia 1996 max - Oct lastSun 1:00u 0 - 67 Rule E-EurAsia 1981 max - Mar lastSun 0:00 1:00 S 68 Rule E-EurAsia 1979 1995 - Sep lastSun 0:00 0 - 69 Rule E-EurAsia 1996 max - Oct lastSun 0:00 0 - 70 Rule RussiaAsia 1981 1984 - Apr 1 0:00 1:00 S 71 Rule RussiaAsia 1981 1983 - Oct 1 0:00 0 - 72 Rule RussiaAsia 1984 1991 - Sep lastSun 2:00s 0 - 73 Rule RussiaAsia 1985 1991 - Mar lastSun 2:00s 1:00 S 74 Rule RussiaAsia 1992 only - Mar lastSat 23:00 1:00 S 75 Rule RussiaAsia 1992 only - Sep lastSat 23:00 0 - 76 Rule RussiaAsia 1993 max - Mar lastSun 2:00s 1:00 S 77 Rule RussiaAsia 1993 1995 - Sep lastSun 2:00s 0 - 78 Rule RussiaAsia 1996 max - Oct lastSun 2:00s 0 - 79 80 # Afghanistan 81 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 82 Zone Asia/Kabul 4:36:48 - LMT 1890 83 4:00 - AFT 1945 84 4:30 - AFT 85 86 # Armenia 87 # From Paul Eggert (2006-03-22): 88 # Shanks & Pottenger have Yerevan switching to 3:00 (with Russian DST) 89 # in spring 1991, then to 4:00 with no DST in fall 1995, then 90 # readopting Russian DST in 1997. Go with Shanks & Pottenger, even 91 # when they disagree with others. Edgar Der-Danieliantz 92 # reported (1996-05-04) that Yerevan probably wouldn't use DST 93 # in 1996, though it did use DST in 1995. IATA SSIM (1991/1998) reports that 94 # Armenia switched from 3:00 to 4:00 in 1998 and observed DST after 1991, 95 # but started switching at 3:00s in 1998. 96 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 97 Zone Asia/Yerevan 2:58:00 - LMT 1924 May 2 98 3:00 - YERT 1957 Mar # Yerevan Time 99 4:00 RussiaAsia YER%sT 1991 Mar 31 2:00s 100 3:00 1:00 YERST 1991 Sep 23 # independence 101 3:00 RussiaAsia AM%sT 1995 Sep 24 2:00s 102 4:00 - AMT 1997 103 4:00 RussiaAsia AM%sT 104 105 # Azerbaijan 106 # From Rustam Aliyev of the Azerbaijan Internet Forum (2005-10-23): 107 # According to the resolution of Cabinet of Ministers, 1997 108 # Resolution available at: http://aif.az/docs/daylight_res.pdf 109 # Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 110 Rule Azer 1997 max - Mar lastSun 4:00 1:00 S 111 Rule Azer 1997 max - Oct lastSun 5:00 0 - 112 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 113 Zone Asia/Baku 3:19:24 - LMT 1924 May 2 114 3:00 - BAKT 1957 Mar # Baku Time 115 4:00 RussiaAsia BAK%sT 1991 Mar 31 2:00s 116 3:00 1:00 BAKST 1991 Aug 30 # independence 117 3:00 RussiaAsia AZ%sT 1992 Sep lastSat 23:00 118 4:00 - AZT 1996 # Azerbaijan time 119 4:00 EUAsia AZ%sT 1997 120 4:00 Azer AZ%sT 121 122 # Bahrain 123 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 124 Zone Asia/Bahrain 3:22:20 - LMT 1920 # Al Manamah 125 4:00 - GST 1972 Jun 126 3:00 - AST 127 128 # Bangladesh 129 # From Alexander Krivenyshev (2009-05-13): 130 # According to newspaper Asian Tribune (May 6, 2009) Bangladesh may introduce 131 # Daylight Saving Time from June 16 to Sept 30 132 # 133 # Bangladesh to introduce daylight saving time likely from June 16 134 # <a href="http://www.asiantribune.com/?q=node/17288"> 135 # http://www.asiantribune.com/?q=node/17288 136 # </a> 137 # or 138 # <a href="http://www.worldtimezone.com/dst_news/dst_news_bangladesh02.html"> 139 # http://www.worldtimezone.com/dst_news/dst_news_bangladesh02.html 140 # </a> 141 # 142 # "... Bangladesh government has decided to switch daylight saving time from 143 # June 144 # 16 till September 30 in a bid to ensure maximum use of daylight to cope with 145 # crippling power crisis. " 146 # 147 # The switch will remain in effect from June 16 to Sept 30 (2009) but if 148 # implemented the next year, it will come in force from April 1, 2010 149 150 # From Steffen Thorsen (2009-06-02): 151 # They have finally decided now, but changed the start date to midnight between 152 # the 19th and 20th, and they have not set the end date yet. 153 # 154 # Some sources: 155 # <a href="http://in.reuters.com/article/southAsiaNews/idINIndia-40017620090601"> 156 # http://in.reuters.com/article/southAsiaNews/idINIndia-40017620090601 157 # </a> 158 # <a href="http://bdnews24.com/details.php?id=85889&cid=2"> 159 # http://bdnews24.com/details.php?id=85889&cid=2 160 # </a> 161 # 162 # Our wrap-up: 163 # <a href="http://www.timeanddate.com/news/time/bangladesh-daylight-saving-2009.html"> 164 # http://www.timeanddate.com/news/time/bangladesh-daylight-saving-2009.html 165 # </a> 166 167 # From A. N. M. Kamrus Saadat (2009-06-15): 168 # Finally we've got the official mail regarding DST start time where DST start 169 # time is mentioned as Jun 19 2009, 23:00 from BTRC (Bangladesh 170 # Telecommunication Regulatory Commission). 171 # 172 # No DST end date has been announced yet. 173 174 # From Alexander Krivenyshev (2009-09-25): 175 # Bangladesh won't go back to Standard Time from October 1, 2009, 176 # instead it will continue DST measure till the cabinet makes a fresh decision. 177 # 178 # Following report by same newspaper-"The Daily Star Friday": 179 # "DST change awaits cabinet decision-Clock won't go back by 1-hr from Oct 1" 180 # <a href="http://www.thedailystar.net/newDesign/news-details.php?nid=107021"> 181 # http://www.thedailystar.net/newDesign/news-details.php?nid=107021 182 # </a> 183 # or 184 # <a href="http://www.worldtimezone.com/dst_news/dst_news_bangladesh04.html"> 185 # http://www.worldtimezone.com/dst_news/dst_news_bangladesh04.html 186 # </a> 187 188 # From Steffen Thorsen (2009-10-13): 189 # IANS (Indo-Asian News Service) now reports: 190 # Bangladesh has decided that the clock advanced by an hour to make 191 # maximum use of daylight hours as an energy saving measure would 192 # "continue for an indefinite period." 193 # 194 # One of many places where it is published: 195 # <a href="http://www.thaindian.com/newsportal/business/bangladesh-to-continue-indefinitely-with-advanced-time_100259987.html"> 196 # http://www.thaindian.com/newsportal/business/bangladesh-to-continue-indefinitely-with-advanced-time_100259987.html 197 # </a> 198 199 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 200 Zone Asia/Dhaka 6:01:40 - LMT 1890 201 5:53:20 - HMT 1941 Oct # Howrah Mean Time? 202 6:30 - BURT 1942 May 15 # Burma Time 203 5:30 - IST 1942 Sep 204 6:30 - BURT 1951 Sep 30 205 6:00 - DACT 1971 Mar 26 # Dacca Time 206 6:00 - BDT 2009 Jun 19 23:00 # Bangladesh Time 207 6:00 1:00 BDST 208 209 # Bhutan 210 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 211 Zone Asia/Thimphu 5:58:36 - LMT 1947 Aug 15 # or Thimbu 212 5:30 - IST 1987 Oct 213 6:00 - BTT # Bhutan Time 214 215 # British Indian Ocean Territory 216 # Whitman and the 1995 CIA time zone map say 5:00, but the 217 # 1997 and later maps say 6:00. Assume the switch occurred in 1996. 218 # We have no information as to when standard time was introduced; 219 # assume it occurred in 1907, the same year as Mauritius (which 220 # then contained the Chagos Archipelago). 221 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 222 Zone Indian/Chagos 4:49:40 - LMT 1907 223 5:00 - IOT 1996 # BIOT Time 224 6:00 - IOT 225 226 # Brunei 227 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 228 Zone Asia/Brunei 7:39:40 - LMT 1926 Mar # Bandar Seri Begawan 229 7:30 - BNT 1933 230 8:00 - BNT 231 232 # Burma / Myanmar 233 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 234 Zone Asia/Rangoon 6:24:40 - LMT 1880 # or Yangon 235 6:24:36 - RMT 1920 # Rangoon Mean Time? 236 6:30 - BURT 1942 May # Burma Time 237 9:00 - JST 1945 May 3 238 6:30 - MMT # Myanmar Time 239 240 # Cambodia 241 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 242 Zone Asia/Phnom_Penh 6:59:40 - LMT 1906 Jun 9 243 7:06:20 - SMT 1911 Mar 11 0:01 # Saigon MT? 244 7:00 - ICT 1912 May 245 8:00 - ICT 1931 May 246 7:00 - ICT 247 248 # China 249 250 # From Guy Harris: 251 # People's Republic of China. Yes, they really have only one time zone. 252 253 # From Bob Devine (1988-01-28): 254 # No they don't. See TIME mag, 1986-02-17 p.52. Even though 255 # China is across 4 physical time zones, before Feb 1, 1986 only the 256 # Peking (Bejing) time zone was recognized. Since that date, China 257 # has two of 'em -- Peking's and Urumqi (named after the capital of 258 # the Xinjiang Uyghur Autonomous Region). I don't know about DST for it. 259 # 260 # . . .I just deleted the DST table and this editor makes it too 261 # painful to suck in another copy.. So, here is what I have for 262 # DST start/end dates for Peking's time zone (info from AP): 263 # 264 # 1986 May 4 - Sept 14 265 # 1987 mid-April - ?? 266 267 # From U. S. Naval Observatory (1989-01-19): 268 # CHINA 8 H AHEAD OF UTC ALL OF CHINA, INCL TAIWAN 269 # CHINA 9 H AHEAD OF UTC APR 17 - SEP 10 270 271 # From Paul Eggert (2006-03-22): 272 # Shanks & Pottenger write that China (except for Hong Kong and Macau) 273 # has had a single time zone since 1980 May 1, observing summer DST 274 # from 1986 through 1991; this contradicts Devine's 275 # note about Time magazine, though apparently _something_ happened in 1986. 276 # Go with Shanks & Pottenger for now. I made up names for the other 277 # pre-1980 time zones. 278 279 # From Shanks & Pottenger: 280 # Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 281 Rule Shang 1940 only - Jun 3 0:00 1:00 D 282 Rule Shang 1940 1941 - Oct 1 0:00 0 S 283 Rule Shang 1941 only - Mar 16 0:00 1:00 D 284 Rule PRC 1986 only - May 4 0:00 1:00 D 285 Rule PRC 1986 1991 - Sep Sun>=11 0:00 0 S 286 Rule PRC 1987 1991 - Apr Sun>=10 0:00 1:00 D 287 288 # From Anthony Fok (2001-12-20): 289 # BTW, I did some research on-line and found some info regarding these five 290 # historic timezones from some Taiwan websites. And yes, there are official 291 # Chinese names for these locales (before 1949). 292 # 293 # From Jesper Norgaard Welen (2006-07-14): 294 # I have investigated the timezones around 1970 on the 295 # http://www.astro.com/atlas site [with provinces and county 296 # boundaries summarized below].... A few other exceptions were two 297 # counties on the Sichuan side of the Xizang-Sichuan border, 298 # counties Dege and Baiyu which lies on the Sichuan side and are 299 # therefore supposed to be GMT+7, Xizang region being GMT+6, but Dege 300 # county is GMT+8 according to astro.com while Baiyu county is GMT+6 301 # (could be true), for the moment I am assuming that those two 302 # counties are mistakes in the astro.com data. 303 304 # From Paul Eggert (2008-02-11): 305 # I just now checked Google News for western news sources that talk 306 # about China's single time zone, and couldn't find anything before 1986 307 # talking about China being in one time zone. (That article was: Jim 308 # Mann, "A clumsy embrace for another western custom: China on daylight 309 # time--sort of", Los Angeles Times, 1986-05-05. By the way, this 310 # article confirms the tz database's data claiming that China began 311 # observing daylight saving time in 1986. 312 # 313 # From Thomas S. Mullaney (2008-02-11): 314 # I think you're combining two subjects that need to treated 315 # separately: daylight savings (which, you're correct, wasn't 316 # implemented until the 1980s) and the unified time zone centered near 317 # Beijing (which was implemented in 1949). Briefly, there was also a 318 # "Lhasa Time" in Tibet and "Urumqi Time" in Xinjiang. The first was 319 # ceased, and the second eventually recognized (again, in the 1980s). 320 # 321 # From Paul Eggert (2008-06-30): 322 # There seems to be a good chance China switched to a single time zone in 1949 323 # rather than in 1980 as Shanks & Pottenger have it, but we don't have a 324 # reliable documentary source saying so yet, so for now we still go with 325 # Shanks & Pottenger. 326 327 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 328 # Changbai Time ("Long-white Time", Long-white = Heilongjiang area) 329 # Heilongjiang (except Mohe county), Jilin 330 Zone Asia/Harbin 8:26:44 - LMT 1928 # or Haerbin 331 8:30 - CHAT 1932 Mar # Changbai Time 332 8:00 - CST 1940 333 9:00 - CHAT 1966 May 334 8:30 - CHAT 1980 May 335 8:00 PRC C%sT 336 # Zhongyuan Time ("Central plain Time") 337 # most of China 338 Zone Asia/Shanghai 8:05:52 - LMT 1928 339 8:00 Shang C%sT 1949 340 8:00 PRC C%sT 341 # Long-shu Time (probably due to Long and Shu being two names of that area) 342 # Guangxi, Guizhou, Hainan, Ningxia, Sichuan, Shaanxi, and Yunnan; 343 # most of Gansu; west Inner Mongolia; west Qinghai; and the Guangdong 344 # counties Deqing, Enping, Kaiping, Luoding, Taishan, Xinxing, 345 # Yangchun, Yangjiang, Yu'nan, and Yunfu. 346 Zone Asia/Chongqing 7:06:20 - LMT 1928 # or Chungking 347 7:00 - LONT 1980 May # Long-shu Time 348 8:00 PRC C%sT 349 # Xin-zang Time ("Xinjiang-Tibet Time") 350 # The Gansu counties Aksay, Anxi, Dunhuang, Subei; west Qinghai; 351 # the Guangdong counties Xuwen, Haikang, Suixi, Lianjiang, 352 # Zhanjiang, Wuchuan, Huazhou, Gaozhou, Maoming, Dianbai, and Xinyi; 353 # east Tibet, including Lhasa, Chamdo, Shigaise, Jimsar, Shawan and Hutubi; 354 # east Xinjiang, including Urumqi, Turpan, Karamay, Korla, Minfeng, Jinghe, 355 # Wusu, Qiemo, Xinyan, Wulanwusu, Jinghe, Yumin, Tacheng, Tuoli, Emin, 356 # Shihezi, Changji, Yanqi, Heshuo, Tuokexun, Tulufan, Shanshan, Hami, 357 # Fukang, Kuitun, Kumukuli, Miquan, Qitai, and Turfan. 358 Zone Asia/Urumqi 5:50:20 - LMT 1928 # or Urumchi 359 6:00 - URUT 1980 May # Urumqi Time 360 8:00 PRC C%sT 361 # Kunlun Time 362 # West Tibet, including Pulan, Aheqi, Shufu, Shule; 363 # West Xinjiang, including Aksu, Atushi, Yining, Hetian, Cele, Luopu, Nileke, 364 # Zhaosu, Tekesi, Gongliu, Chabuchaer, Huocheng, Bole, Pishan, Suiding, 365 # and Yarkand. 366 Zone Asia/Kashgar 5:03:56 - LMT 1928 # or Kashi or Kaxgar 367 5:30 - KAST 1940 # Kashgar Time 368 5:00 - KAST 1980 May 369 8:00 PRC C%sT 370 371 372 # From Lee Yiu Chung (2009-10-24): 373 # I found there are some mistakes for the historial DST rule for Hong 374 # Kong. Accoring to the DST record from Hong Kong Observatory (actually, 375 # it is not [an] observatory, but the official meteorological agency of HK, 376 # and also serves as the official timing agency), there are some missing 377 # and incorrect rules. Although the exact switch over time is missing, I 378 # think 3:30 is correct. The official DST record for Hong Kong can be 379 # obtained from 380 # <a href="http://www.hko.gov.hk/gts/time/Summertime.htm"> 381 # http://www.hko.gov.hk/gts/time/Summertime.htm 382 # </a>. 383 384 # From Arthur David Olson (2009-10-28): 385 # Here are the dates given at 386 # <a href="http://www.hko.gov.hk/gts/time/Summertime.htm"> 387 # http://www.hko.gov.hk/gts/time/Summertime.htm 388 # </a> 389 # as of 2009-10-28: 390 # Year Period 391 # 1941 1 Apr to 30 Sep 392 # 1942 Whole year 393 # 1943 Whole year 394 # 1944 Whole year 395 # 1945 Whole year 396 # 1946 20 Apr to 1 Dec 397 # 1947 13 Apr to 30 Dec 398 # 1948 2 May to 31 Oct 399 # 1949 3 Apr to 30 Oct 400 # 1950 2 Apr to 29 Oct 401 # 1951 1 Apr to 28 Oct 402 # 1952 6 Apr to 25 Oct 403 # 1953 5 Apr to 1 Nov 404 # 1954 21 Mar to 31 Oct 405 # 1955 20 Mar to 6 Nov 406 # 1956 18 Mar to 4 Nov 407 # 1957 24 Mar to 3 Nov 408 # 1958 23 Mar to 2 Nov 409 # 1959 22 Mar to 1 Nov 410 # 1960 20 Mar to 6 Nov 411 # 1961 19 Mar to 5 Nov 412 # 1962 18 Mar to 4 Nov 413 # 1963 24 Mar to 3 Nov 414 # 1964 22 Mar to 1 Nov 415 # 1965 18 Apr to 17 Oct 416 # 1966 17 Apr to 16 Oct 417 # 1967 16 Apr to 22 Oct 418 # 1968 21 Apr to 20 Oct 419 # 1969 20 Apr to 19 Oct 420 # 1970 19 Apr to 18 Oct 421 # 1971 18 Apr to 17 Oct 422 # 1972 16 Apr to 22 Oct 423 # 1973 22 Apr to 21 Oct 424 # 1973/74 30 Dec 73 to 20 Oct 74 425 # 1975 20 Apr to 19 Oct 426 # 1976 18 Apr to 17 Oct 427 # 1977 Nil 428 # 1978 Nil 429 # 1979 13 May to 21 Oct 430 # 1980 to Now Nil 431 # The page does not give start or end times of day. 432 # The page does not give a start date for 1942. 433 # The page does not givw an end date for 1945. 434 # The Japanese occupation of Hong Kong began on 1941-12-25. 435 # The Japanese surrender of Hong Kong was signed 1945-09-15. 436 # For lack of anything better, use start of those days as the transition times. 437 438 # Hong Kong (Xianggang) 439 # Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 440 Rule HK 1941 only - Apr 1 3:30 1:00 S 441 Rule HK 1941 only - Sep 30 3:30 0 - 442 Rule HK 1946 only - Apr 20 3:30 1:00 S 443 Rule HK 1946 only - Dec 1 3:30 0 - 444 Rule HK 1947 only - Apr 13 3:30 1:00 S 445 Rule HK 1947 only - Dec 30 3:30 0 - 446 Rule HK 1948 only - May 2 3:30 1:00 S 447 Rule HK 1948 1951 - Oct lastSun 3:30 0 - 448 Rule HK 1952 only - Oct 25 3:30 0 - 449 Rule HK 1949 1953 - Apr Sun>=1 3:30 1:00 S 450 Rule HK 1953 only - Nov 1 3:30 0 - 451 Rule HK 1954 1964 - Mar Sun>=18 3:30 1:00 S 452 Rule HK 1954 only - Oct 31 3:30 0 - 453 Rule HK 1955 1964 - Nov Sun>=1 3:30 0 - 454 Rule HK 1965 1977 - Apr Sun>=16 3:30 1:00 S 455 Rule HK 1965 1977 - Oct Sun>=16 3:30 0 - 456 Rule HK 1973 only - Dec 30 3:30 1:00 S 457 Rule HK 1979 only - May Sun>=8 3:30 1:00 S 458 Rule HK 1979 only - Oct Sun>=16 3:30 0 - 459 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 460 Zone Asia/Hong_Kong 7:36:36 - LMT 1904 Oct 30 461 8:00 HK HK%sT 1941 Dec 25 462 9:00 - JST 1945 Sep 15 463 8:00 HK HK%sT 464 465 ############################################################################### 466 467 # Taiwan 468 469 # Shanks & Pottenger write that Taiwan observed DST during 1945, when it 470 # was still controlled by Japan. This is hard to believe, but we don't 471 # have any other information. 472 473 # Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 474 Rule Taiwan 1945 1951 - May 1 0:00 1:00 D 475 Rule Taiwan 1945 1951 - Oct 1 0:00 0 S 476 Rule Taiwan 1952 only - Mar 1 0:00 1:00 D 477 Rule Taiwan 1952 1954 - Nov 1 0:00 0 S 478 Rule Taiwan 1953 1959 - Apr 1 0:00 1:00 D 479 Rule Taiwan 1955 1961 - Oct 1 0:00 0 S 480 Rule Taiwan 1960 1961 - Jun 1 0:00 1:00 D 481 Rule Taiwan 1974 1975 - Apr 1 0:00 1:00 D 482 Rule Taiwan 1974 1975 - Oct 1 0:00 0 S 483 Rule Taiwan 1980 only - Jun 30 0:00 1:00 D 484 Rule Taiwan 1980 only - Sep 30 0:00 0 S 485 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 486 Zone Asia/Taipei 8:06:00 - LMT 1896 # or Taibei or T'ai-pei 487 8:00 Taiwan C%sT 488 489 # Macau (Macao, Aomen) 490 # Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 491 Rule Macau 1961 1962 - Mar Sun>=16 3:30 1:00 S 492 Rule Macau 1961 1964 - Nov Sun>=1 3:30 0 - 493 Rule Macau 1963 only - Mar Sun>=16 0:00 1:00 S 494 Rule Macau 1964 only - Mar Sun>=16 3:30 1:00 S 495 Rule Macau 1965 only - Mar Sun>=16 0:00 1:00 S 496 Rule Macau 1965 only - Oct 31 0:00 0 - 497 Rule Macau 1966 1971 - Apr Sun>=16 3:30 1:00 S 498 Rule Macau 1966 1971 - Oct Sun>=16 3:30 0 - 499 Rule Macau 1972 1974 - Apr Sun>=15 0:00 1:00 S 500 Rule Macau 1972 1973 - Oct Sun>=15 0:00 0 - 501 Rule Macau 1974 1977 - Oct Sun>=15 3:30 0 - 502 Rule Macau 1975 1977 - Apr Sun>=15 3:30 1:00 S 503 Rule Macau 1978 1980 - Apr Sun>=15 0:00 1:00 S 504 Rule Macau 1978 1980 - Oct Sun>=15 0:00 0 - 505 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 506 Zone Asia/Macau 7:34:20 - LMT 1912 507 8:00 Macau MO%sT 1999 Dec 20 # return to China 508 8:00 PRC C%sT 509 510 511 ############################################################################### 512 513 # Cyprus 514 # Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 515 Rule Cyprus 1975 only - Apr 13 0:00 1:00 S 516 Rule Cyprus 1975 only - Oct 12 0:00 0 - 517 Rule Cyprus 1976 only - May 15 0:00 1:00 S 518 Rule Cyprus 1976 only - Oct 11 0:00 0 - 519 Rule Cyprus 1977 1980 - Apr Sun>=1 0:00 1:00 S 520 Rule Cyprus 1977 only - Sep 25 0:00 0 - 521 Rule Cyprus 1978 only - Oct 2 0:00 0 - 522 Rule Cyprus 1979 1997 - Sep lastSun 0:00 0 - 523 Rule Cyprus 1981 1998 - Mar lastSun 0:00 1:00 S 524 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 525 Zone Asia/Nicosia 2:13:28 - LMT 1921 Nov 14 526 2:00 Cyprus EE%sT 1998 Sep 527 2:00 EUAsia EE%sT 528 # IATA SSIM (1998-09) has Cyprus using EU rules for the first time. 529 530 # Classically, Cyprus belongs to Asia; e.g. see Herodotus, Histories, I.72. 531 # However, for various reasons many users expect to find it under Europe. 532 Link Asia/Nicosia Europe/Nicosia 533 534 # Georgia 535 # From Paul Eggert (1994-11-19): 536 # Today's _Economist_ (p 60) reports that Georgia moved its clocks forward 537 # an hour recently, due to a law proposed by Zurab Murvanidze, 538 # an MP who went on a hunger strike for 11 days to force discussion about it! 539 # We have no details, but we'll guess they didn't move the clocks back in fall. 540 # 541 # From Mathew Englander, quoting AP (1996-10-23 13:05-04): 542 # Instead of putting back clocks at the end of October, Georgia 543 # will stay on daylight savings time this winter to save energy, 544 # President Eduard Shevardnadze decreed Wednesday. 545 # 546 # From the BBC via Joseph S. Myers (2004-06-27): 547 # 548 # Georgia moved closer to Western Europe on Sunday... The former Soviet 549 # republic has changed its time zone back to that of Moscow. As a result it 550 # is now just four hours ahead of Greenwich Mean Time, rather than five hours 551 # ahead. The switch was decreed by the pro-Western president of Georgia, 552 # Mikhail Saakashvili, who said the change was partly prompted by the process 553 # of integration into Europe. 554 555 # From Teimuraz Abashidze (2005-11-07): 556 # Government of Georgia ... decided to NOT CHANGE daylight savings time on 557 # [Oct.] 30, as it was done before during last more than 10 years. 558 # Currently, we are in fact GMT +4:00, as before 30 October it was GMT 559 # +3:00.... The problem is, there is NO FORMAL LAW or governmental document 560 # about it. As far as I can find, I was told, that there is no document, 561 # because we just DIDN'T ISSUE document about switching to winter time.... 562 # I don't know what can be done, especially knowing that some years ago our 563 # DST rules where changed THREE TIMES during one month. 564 565 566 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 567 Zone Asia/Tbilisi 2:59:16 - LMT 1880 568 2:59:16 - TBMT 1924 May 2 # Tbilisi Mean Time 569 3:00 - TBIT 1957 Mar # Tbilisi Time 570 4:00 RussiaAsia TBI%sT 1991 Mar 31 2:00s 571 3:00 1:00 TBIST 1991 Apr 9 # independence 572 3:00 RussiaAsia GE%sT 1992 # Georgia Time 573 3:00 E-EurAsia GE%sT 1994 Sep lastSun 574 4:00 E-EurAsia GE%sT 1996 Oct lastSun 575 4:00 1:00 GEST 1997 Mar lastSun 576 4:00 E-EurAsia GE%sT 2004 Jun 27 577 3:00 RussiaAsia GE%sT 2005 Mar lastSun 2:00 578 4:00 - GET 579 580 # East Timor 581 582 # See Indonesia for the 1945 transition. 583 584 # From Joao Carrascalao, brother of the former governor of East Timor, in 585 # <a href="http://etan.org/et99c/december/26-31/30ETMAY.htm"> 586 # East Timor may be late for its millennium 587 # </a> (1999-12-26/31): 588 # Portugal tried to change the time forward in 1974 because the sun 589 # rises too early but the suggestion raised a lot of problems with the 590 # Timorese and I still don't think it would work today because it 591 # conflicts with their way of life. 592 593 # From Paul Eggert (2000-12-04): 594 # We don't have any record of the above attempt. 595 # Most likely our records are incomplete, but we have no better data. 596 597 # <a href="http://www.hri.org/news/world/undh/last/00-08-16.undh.html"> 598 # From Manoel de Almeida e Silva, Deputy Spokesman for the UN Secretary-General 599 # (2000-08-16)</a>: 600 # The Cabinet of the East Timor Transition Administration decided 601 # today to advance East Timor's time by one hour. The time change, 602 # which will be permanent, with no seasonal adjustment, will happen at 603 # midnight on Saturday, September 16. 604 605 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 606 Zone Asia/Dili 8:22:20 - LMT 1912 607 8:00 - TLT 1942 Feb 21 23:00 # E Timor Time 608 9:00 - JST 1945 Sep 23 609 9:00 - TLT 1976 May 3 610 8:00 - CIT 2000 Sep 17 00:00 611 9:00 - TLT 612 613 # India 614 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 615 Zone Asia/Kolkata 5:53:28 - LMT 1880 # Kolkata 616 5:53:20 - HMT 1941 Oct # Howrah Mean Time? 617 6:30 - BURT 1942 May 15 # Burma Time 618 5:30 - IST 1942 Sep 619 5:30 1:00 IST 1945 Oct 15 620 5:30 - IST 621 # The following are like Asia/Kolkata: 622 # Andaman Is 623 # Lakshadweep (Laccadive, Minicoy and Amindivi Is) 624 # Nicobar Is 625 626 # Indonesia 627 # 628 # From Gwillim Law (2001-05-28), overriding Shanks & Pottenger: 629 # <http://www.sumatera-inc.com/go_to_invest/about_indonesia.asp#standtime> 630 # says that Indonesia's time zones changed on 1988-01-01. Looking at some 631 # time zone maps, I think that must refer to Western Borneo (Kalimantan Barat 632 # and Kalimantan Tengah) switching from UTC+8 to UTC+7. 633 # 634 # From Paul Eggert (2007-03-10): 635 # Here is another correction to Shanks & Pottenger. 636 # JohnTWB writes that Japanese forces did not surrender control in 637 # Indonesia until 1945-09-01 00:00 at the earliest (in Jakarta) and 638 # other formal surrender ceremonies were September 9, 11, and 13, plus 639 # September 12 for the regional surrender to Mountbatten in Singapore. 640 # These would be the earliest possible times for a change. 641 # Regimes horaires pour le monde entier, by Henri Le Corre, (Editions 642 # Traditionnelles, 1987, Paris) says that Java and Madura switched 643 # from JST to UTC+07:30 on 1945-09-23, and gives 1944-09-01 for Jayapura 644 # (Hollandia). For now, assume all Indonesian locations other than Jayapura 645 # switched on 1945-09-23. 646 # 647 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 648 Zone Asia/Jakarta 7:07:12 - LMT 1867 Aug 10 649 # Shanks & Pottenger say the next transition was at 1924 Jan 1 0:13, 650 # but this must be a typo. 651 7:07:12 - JMT 1923 Dec 31 23:47:12 # Jakarta 652 7:20 - JAVT 1932 Nov # Java Time 653 7:30 - WIT 1942 Mar 23 654 9:00 - JST 1945 Sep 23 655 7:30 - WIT 1948 May 656 8:00 - WIT 1950 May 657 7:30 - WIT 1964 658 7:00 - WIT 659 Zone Asia/Pontianak 7:17:20 - LMT 1908 May 660 7:17:20 - PMT 1932 Nov # Pontianak MT 661 7:30 - WIT 1942 Jan 29 662 9:00 - JST 1945 Sep 23 663 7:30 - WIT 1948 May 664 8:00 - WIT 1950 May 665 7:30 - WIT 1964 666 8:00 - CIT 1988 Jan 1 667 7:00 - WIT 668 Zone Asia/Makassar 7:57:36 - LMT 1920 669 7:57:36 - MMT 1932 Nov # Macassar MT 670 8:00 - CIT 1942 Feb 9 671 9:00 - JST 1945 Sep 23 672 8:00 - CIT 673 Zone Asia/Jayapura 9:22:48 - LMT 1932 Nov 674 9:00 - EIT 1944 Sep 1 675 9:30 - CST 1964 676 9:00 - EIT 677 678 # Iran 679 680 # From Roozbeh Pournader (2003-03-15): 681 # This is an English translation of what I just found (originally in Persian). 682 # The Gregorian dates in brackets are mine: 683 # 684 # Official Newspaper No. 13548-1370/6/25 [1991-09-16] 685 # No. 16760/T233 H 1370/6/10 [1991-09-01] 686 # 687 # The Rule About Change of the Official Time of the Country 688 # 689 # The Board of Ministers, in the meeting dated 1370/5/23 [1991-08-14], 690 # based on the suggestion number 2221/D dated 1370/4/22 [1991-07-13] 691 # of the Country's Organization for Official and Employment Affairs, 692 # and referring to the law for equating the working hours of workers 693 # and officers in the whole country dated 1359/4/23 [1980-07-14], and 694 # for synchronizing the official times of the country, agreed that: 695 # 696 # The official time of the country will should move forward one hour 697 # at the 24[:00] hours of the first day of Farvardin and should return 698 # to its previous state at the 24[:00] hours of the 30th day of 699 # Shahrivar. 700 # 701 # First Deputy to the President - Hassan Habibi 702 # 703 # From personal experience, that agrees with what has been followed 704 # for at least the last 5 years. Before that, for a few years, the 705 # date used was the first Thursday night of Farvardin and the last 706 # Thursday night of Shahrivar, but I can't give exact dates.... 707 # I have also changed the abbreviations to what is considered correct 708 # here in Iran, IRST for regular time and IRDT for daylight saving time. 709 # 710 # From Roozbeh Pournader (2005-04-05): 711 # The text of the Iranian law, in effect since 1925, clearly mentions 712 # that the true solar year is the measure, and there is no arithmetic 713 # leap year calculation involved. There has never been any serious 714 # plan to change that law.... 715 # 716 # From Paul Eggert (2006-03-22): 717 # Go with Shanks & Pottenger before Sept. 1991, and with Pournader thereafter. 718 # I used Ed Reingold's cal-persia in GNU Emacs 21.2 to check Persian dates, 719 # stopping after 2037 when 32-bit time_t's overflow. 720 # That cal-persia used Birashk's approximation, which disagrees with the solar 721 # calendar predictions for the year 2025, so I corrected those dates by hand. 722 # 723 # From Oscar van Vlijmen (2005-03-30), writing about future 724 # discrepancies between cal-persia and the Iranian calendar: 725 # For 2091 solar-longitude-after yields 2091-03-20 08:40:07.7 UT for 726 # the vernal equinox and that gets so close to 12:00 some local 727 # Iranian time that the definition of the correct location needs to be 728 # known exactly, amongst other factors. 2157 is even closer: 729 # 2157-03-20 08:37:15.5 UT. But the Gregorian year 2025 should give 730 # no interpretation problem whatsoever. By the way, another instant 731 # in the near future where there will be a discrepancy between 732 # arithmetical and astronomical Iranian calendars will be in 2058: 733 # vernal equinox on 2058-03-20 09:03:05.9 UT. The Java version of 734 # Reingold's/Dershowitz' calculator gives correctly the Gregorian date 735 # 2058-03-21 for 1 Farvardin 1437 (astronomical). 736 # 737 # From Steffen Thorsen (2006-03-22): 738 # Several of my users have reported that Iran will not observe DST anymore: 739 # http://www.irna.ir/en/news/view/line-17/0603193812164948.htm 740 # 741 # From Reuters (2007-09-16), with a heads-up from Jesper Norgaard Welen: 742 # ... the Guardian Council ... approved a law on Sunday to re-introduce 743 # daylight saving time ... 744 # http://uk.reuters.com/article/oilRpt/idUKBLA65048420070916 745 # 746 # From Roozbeh Pournader (2007-11-05): 747 # This is quoted from Official Gazette of the Islamic Republic of 748 # Iran, Volume 63, Number 18242, dated Tuesday 1386/6/24 749 # [2007-10-16]. I am doing the best translation I can:... 750 # The official time of the country will be moved forward for one hour 751 # on the 24 hours of the first day of the month of Farvardin and will 752 # be changed back to its previous state on the 24 hours of the 753 # thirtieth day of Shahrivar. 754 # 755 # Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 756 Rule Iran 1978 1980 - Mar 21 0:00 1:00 D 757 Rule Iran 1978 only - Oct 21 0:00 0 S 758 Rule Iran 1979 only - Sep 19 0:00 0 S 759 Rule Iran 1980 only - Sep 23 0:00 0 S 760 Rule Iran 1991 only - May 3 0:00 1:00 D 761 Rule Iran 1992 1995 - Mar 22 0:00 1:00 D 762 Rule Iran 1991 1995 - Sep 22 0:00 0 S 763 Rule Iran 1996 only - Mar 21 0:00 1:00 D 764 Rule Iran 1996 only - Sep 21 0:00 0 S 765 Rule Iran 1997 1999 - Mar 22 0:00 1:00 D 766 Rule Iran 1997 1999 - Sep 22 0:00 0 S 767 Rule Iran 2000 only - Mar 21 0:00 1:00 D 768 Rule Iran 2000 only - Sep 21 0:00 0 S 769 Rule Iran 2001 2003 - Mar 22 0:00 1:00 D 770 Rule Iran 2001 2003 - Sep 22 0:00 0 S 771 Rule Iran 2004 only - Mar 21 0:00 1:00 D 772 Rule Iran 2004 only - Sep 21 0:00 0 S 773 Rule Iran 2005 only - Mar 22 0:00 1:00 D 774 Rule Iran 2005 only - Sep 22 0:00 0 S 775 Rule Iran 2008 only - Mar 21 0:00 1:00 D 776 Rule Iran 2008 only - Sep 21 0:00 0 S 777 Rule Iran 2009 2011 - Mar 22 0:00 1:00 D 778 Rule Iran 2009 2011 - Sep 22 0:00 0 S 779 Rule Iran 2012 only - Mar 21 0:00 1:00 D 780 Rule Iran 2012 only - Sep 21 0:00 0 S 781 Rule Iran 2013 2015 - Mar 22 0:00 1:00 D 782 Rule Iran 2013 2015 - Sep 22 0:00 0 S 783 Rule Iran 2016 only - Mar 21 0:00 1:00 D 784 Rule Iran 2016 only - Sep 21 0:00 0 S 785 Rule Iran 2017 2019 - Mar 22 0:00 1:00 D 786 Rule Iran 2017 2019 - Sep 22 0:00 0 S 787 Rule Iran 2020 only - Mar 21 0:00 1:00 D 788 Rule Iran 2020 only - Sep 21 0:00 0 S 789 Rule Iran 2021 2023 - Mar 22 0:00 1:00 D 790 Rule Iran 2021 2023 - Sep 22 0:00 0 S 791 Rule Iran 2024 only - Mar 21 0:00 1:00 D 792 Rule Iran 2024 only - Sep 21 0:00 0 S 793 Rule Iran 2025 2027 - Mar 22 0:00 1:00 D 794 Rule Iran 2025 2027 - Sep 22 0:00 0 S 795 Rule Iran 2028 2029 - Mar 21 0:00 1:00 D 796 Rule Iran 2028 2029 - Sep 21 0:00 0 S 797 Rule Iran 2030 2031 - Mar 22 0:00 1:00 D 798 Rule Iran 2030 2031 - Sep 22 0:00 0 S 799 Rule Iran 2032 2033 - Mar 21 0:00 1:00 D 800 Rule Iran 2032 2033 - Sep 21 0:00 0 S 801 Rule Iran 2034 2035 - Mar 22 0:00 1:00 D 802 Rule Iran 2034 2035 - Sep 22 0:00 0 S 803 Rule Iran 2036 2037 - Mar 21 0:00 1:00 D 804 Rule Iran 2036 2037 - Sep 21 0:00 0 S 805 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 806 Zone Asia/Tehran 3:25:44 - LMT 1916 807 3:25:44 - TMT 1946 # Tehran Mean Time 808 3:30 - IRST 1977 Nov 809 4:00 Iran IR%sT 1979 810 3:30 Iran IR%sT 811 812 813 # Iraq 814 # 815 # From Jonathan Lennox (2000-06-12): 816 # An article in this week's Economist ("Inside the Saddam-free zone", p. 50 in 817 # the U.S. edition) on the Iraqi Kurds contains a paragraph: 818 # "The three northern provinces ... switched their clocks this spring and 819 # are an hour ahead of Baghdad." 820 # 821 # But Rives McDow (2000-06-18) quotes a contact in Iraqi-Kurdistan as follows: 822 # In the past, some Kurdish nationalists, as a protest to the Iraqi 823 # Government, did not adhere to daylight saving time. They referred 824 # to daylight saving as Saddam time. But, as of today, the time zone 825 # in Iraqi-Kurdistan is on standard time with Baghdad, Iraq. 826 # 827 # So we'll ignore the Economist's claim. 828 829 # From Steffen Thorsen (2008-03-10): 830 # The cabinet in Iraq abolished DST last week, according to the following 831 # news sources (in Arabic): 832 # <a href="http://www.aljeeran.net/wesima_articles/news-20080305-98602.html"> 833 # http://www.aljeeran.net/wesima_articles/news-20080305-98602.html 834 # </a> 835 # <a href="http://www.aswataliraq.info/look/article.tpl?id=2047&IdLanguage=17&IdPublication=4&NrArticle=71743&NrIssue=1&NrSection=10"> 836 # http://www.aswataliraq.info/look/article.tpl?id=2047&IdLanguage=17&IdPublication=4&NrArticle=71743&NrIssue=1&NrSection=10 837 # </a> 838 # 839 # We have published a short article in English about the change: 840 # <a href="http://www.timeanddate.com/news/time/iraq-dumps-daylight-saving.html"> 841 # http://www.timeanddate.com/news/time/iraq-dumps-daylight-saving.html 842 # </a> 843 844 # Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 845 Rule Iraq 1982 only - May 1 0:00 1:00 D 846 Rule Iraq 1982 1984 - Oct 1 0:00 0 S 847 Rule Iraq 1983 only - Mar 31 0:00 1:00 D 848 Rule Iraq 1984 1985 - Apr 1 0:00 1:00 D 849 Rule Iraq 1985 1990 - Sep lastSun 1:00s 0 S 850 Rule Iraq 1986 1990 - Mar lastSun 1:00s 1:00 D 851 # IATA SSIM (1991/1996) says Apr 1 12:01am UTC; guess the `:01' is a typo. 852 # Shanks & Pottenger say Iraq did not observe DST 1992/1997; ignore this. 853 # 854 Rule Iraq 1991 2007 - Apr 1 3:00s 1:00 D 855 Rule Iraq 1991 2007 - Oct 1 3:00s 0 S 856 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 857 Zone Asia/Baghdad 2:57:40 - LMT 1890 858 2:57:36 - BMT 1918 # Baghdad Mean Time? 859 3:00 - AST 1982 May 860 3:00 Iraq A%sT 861 862 863 ############################################################################### 864 865 # Israel 866 867 # From Ephraim Silverberg (2001-01-11): 868 # 869 # I coined "IST/IDT" circa 1988. Until then there were three 870 # different abbreviations in use: 871 # 872 # JST Jerusalem Standard Time [Danny Braniss, Hebrew University] 873 # IZT Israel Zonal (sic) Time [Prof. Haim Papo, Technion] 874 # EEST Eastern Europe Standard Time [used by almost everyone else] 875 # 876 # Since timezones should be called by country and not capital cities, 877 # I ruled out JST. As Israel is in Asia Minor and not Eastern Europe, 878 # EEST was equally unacceptable. Since "zonal" was not compatible with 879 # any other timezone abbreviation, I felt that 'IST' was the way to go 880 # and, indeed, it has received almost universal acceptance in timezone 881 # settings in Israeli computers. 882 # 883 # In any case, I am happy to share timezone abbreviations with India, 884 # high on my favorite-country list (and not only because my wife's 885 # family is from India). 886 887 # From Shanks & Pottenger: 888 # Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 889 Rule Zion 1940 only - Jun 1 0:00 1:00 D 890 Rule Zion 1942 1944 - Nov 1 0:00 0 S 891 Rule Zion 1943 only - Apr 1 2:00 1:00 D 892 Rule Zion 1944 only - Apr 1 0:00 1:00 D 893 Rule Zion 1945 only - Apr 16 0:00 1:00 D 894 Rule Zion 1945 only - Nov 1 2:00 0 S 895 Rule Zion 1946 only - Apr 16 2:00 1:00 D 896 Rule Zion 1946 only - Nov 1 0:00 0 S 897 Rule Zion 1948 only - May 23 0:00 2:00 DD 898 Rule Zion 1948 only - Sep 1 0:00 1:00 D 899 Rule Zion 1948 1949 - Nov 1 2:00 0 S 900 Rule Zion 1949 only - May 1 0:00 1:00 D 901 Rule Zion 1950 only - Apr 16 0:00 1:00 D 902 Rule Zion 1950 only - Sep 15 3:00 0 S 903 Rule Zion 1951 only - Apr 1 0:00 1:00 D 904 Rule Zion 1951 only - Nov 11 3:00 0 S 905 Rule Zion 1952 only - Apr 20 2:00 1:00 D 906 Rule Zion 1952 only - Oct 19 3:00 0 S 907 Rule Zion 1953 only - Apr 12 2:00 1:00 D 908 Rule Zion 1953 only - Sep 13 3:00 0 S 909 Rule Zion 1954 only - Jun 13 0:00 1:00 D 910 Rule Zion 1954 only - Sep 12 0:00 0 S 911 Rule Zion 1955 only - Jun 11 2:00 1:00 D 912 Rule Zion 1955 only - Sep 11 0:00 0 S 913 Rule Zion 1956 only - Jun 3 0:00 1:00 D 914 Rule Zion 1956 only - Sep 30 3:00 0 S 915 Rule Zion 1957 only - Apr 29 2:00 1:00 D 916 Rule Zion 1957 only - Sep 22 0:00 0 S 917 Rule Zion 1974 only - Jul 7 0:00 1:00 D 918 Rule Zion 1974 only - Oct 13 0:00 0 S 919 Rule Zion 1975 only - Apr 20 0:00 1:00 D 920 Rule Zion 1975 only - Aug 31 0:00 0 S 921 Rule Zion 1985 only - Apr 14 0:00 1:00 D 922 Rule Zion 1985 only - Sep 15 0:00 0 S 923 Rule Zion 1986 only - May 18 0:00 1:00 D 924 Rule Zion 1986 only - Sep 7 0:00 0 S 925 Rule Zion 1987 only - Apr 15 0:00 1:00 D 926 Rule Zion 1987 only - Sep 13 0:00 0 S 927 Rule Zion 1988 only - Apr 9 0:00 1:00 D 928 Rule Zion 1988 only - Sep 3 0:00 0 S 929 930 # From Ephraim Silverberg 931 # (1997-03-04, 1998-03-16, 1998-12-28, 2000-01-17, 2000-07-25, 2004-12-22, 932 # and 2005-02-17): 933 934 # According to the Office of the Secretary General of the Ministry of 935 # Interior, there is NO set rule for Daylight-Savings/Standard time changes. 936 # One thing is entrenched in law, however: that there must be at least 150 937 # days of daylight savings time annually. From 1993-1998, the change to 938 # daylight savings time was on a Friday morning from midnight IST to 939 # 1 a.m IDT; up until 1998, the change back to standard time was on a 940 # Saturday night from midnight daylight savings time to 11 p.m. standard 941 # time. 1996 is an exception to this rule where the change back to standard 942 # time took place on Sunday night instead of Saturday night to avoid 943 # conflicts with the Jewish New Year. In 1999, the change to 944 # daylight savings time was still on a Friday morning but from 945 # 2 a.m. IST to 3 a.m. IDT; furthermore, the change back to standard time 946 # was also on a Friday morning from 2 a.m. IDT to 1 a.m. IST for 947 # 1999 only. In the year 2000, the change to daylight savings time was 948 # similar to 1999, but although the change back will be on a Friday, it 949 # will take place from 1 a.m. IDT to midnight IST. Starting in 2001, all 950 # changes to/from will take place at 1 a.m. old time, but now there is no 951 # rule as to what day of the week it will take place in as the start date 952 # (except in 2003) is the night after the Passover Seder (i.e. the eve 953 # of the 16th of Nisan in the lunar Hebrew calendar) and the end date 954 # (except in 2002) is three nights before Yom Kippur [Day of Atonement] 955 # (the eve of the 7th of Tishrei in the lunar Hebrew calendar). 956 957 # Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 958 Rule Zion 1989 only - Apr 30 0:00 1:00 D 959 Rule Zion 1989 only - Sep 3 0:00 0 S 960 Rule Zion 1990 only - Mar 25 0:00 1:00 D 961 Rule Zion 1990 only - Aug 26 0:00 0 S 962 Rule Zion 1991 only - Mar 24 0:00 1:00 D 963 Rule Zion 1991 only - Sep 1 0:00 0 S 964 Rule Zion 1992 only - Mar 29 0:00 1:00 D 965 Rule Zion 1992 only - Sep 6 0:00 0 S 966 Rule Zion 1993 only - Apr 2 0:00 1:00 D 967 Rule Zion 1993 only - Sep 5 0:00 0 S 968 969 # The dates for 1994-1995 were obtained from Office of the Spokeswoman for the 970 # Ministry of Interior, Jerusalem, Israel. The spokeswoman can be reached by 971 # calling the office directly at 972-2-6701447 or 972-2-6701448. 972 973 # Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 974 Rule Zion 1994 only - Apr 1 0:00 1:00 D 975 Rule Zion 1994 only - Aug 28 0:00 0 S 976 Rule Zion 1995 only - Mar 31 0:00 1:00 D 977 Rule Zion 1995 only - Sep 3 0:00 0 S 978 979 # The dates for 1996 were determined by the Minister of Interior of the 980 # time, Haim Ramon. The official announcement regarding 1996-1998 981 # (with the dates for 1997-1998 no longer being relevant) can be viewed at: 982 # 983 # ftp://ftp.cs.huji.ac.il/pub/tz/announcements/1996-1998.ramon.ps.gz 984 # 985 # The dates for 1997-1998 were altered by his successor, Rabbi Eli Suissa. 986 # 987 # The official announcements for the years 1997-1999 can be viewed at: 988 # 989 # ftp://ftp.cs.huji.ac.il/pub/tz/announcements/YYYY.ps.gz 990 # 991 # where YYYY is the relevant year. 992 993 # Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 994 Rule Zion 1996 only - Mar 15 0:00 1:00 D 995 Rule Zion 1996 only - Sep 16 0:00 0 S 996 Rule Zion 1997 only - Mar 21 0:00 1:00 D 997 Rule Zion 1997 only - Sep 14 0:00 0 S 998 Rule Zion 1998 only - Mar 20 0:00 1:00 D 999 Rule Zion 1998 only - Sep 6 0:00 0 S 1000 Rule Zion 1999 only - Apr 2 2:00 1:00 D 1001 Rule Zion 1999 only - Sep 3 2:00 0 S 1002 1003 # The Knesset Interior Committee has changed the dates for 2000 for 1004 # the third time in just over a year and have set new dates for the 1005 # years 2001-2004 as well. 1006 # 1007 # The official announcement for the start date of 2000 can be viewed at: 1008 # 1009 # ftp://ftp.cs.huji.ac.il/pub/tz/announcements/2000-start.ps.gz 1010 # 1011 # The official announcement for the end date of 2000 and the dates 1012 # for the years 2001-2004 can be viewed at: 1013 # 1014 # ftp://ftp.cs.huji.ac.il/pub/tz/announcements/2000-2004.ps.gz 1015 1016 # Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 1017 Rule Zion 2000 only - Apr 14 2:00 1:00 D 1018 Rule Zion 2000 only - Oct 6 1:00 0 S 1019 Rule Zion 2001 only - Apr 9 1:00 1:00 D 1020 Rule Zion 2001 only - Sep 24 1:00 0 S 1021 Rule Zion 2002 only - Mar 29 1:00 1:00 D 1022 Rule Zion 2002 only - Oct 7 1:00 0 S 1023 Rule Zion 2003 only - Mar 28 1:00 1:00 D 1024 Rule Zion 2003 only - Oct 3 1:00 0 S 1025 Rule Zion 2004 only - Apr 7 1:00 1:00 D 1026 Rule Zion 2004 only - Sep 22 1:00 0 S 1027 1028 # The proposed law agreed upon by the Knesset Interior Committee on 1029 # 2005-02-14 is that, for 2005 and beyond, DST starts at 02:00 the 1030 # last Friday before April 2nd (i.e. the last Friday in March or April 1031 # 1st itself if it falls on a Friday) and ends at 02:00 on the Saturday 1032 # night _before_ the fast of Yom Kippur. 1033 # 1034 # Those who can read Hebrew can view the announcement at: 1035 # 1036 # ftp://ftp.cs.huji.ac.il/pub/tz/announcements/2005+beyond.ps 1037 1038 # From Paul Eggert (2005-02-22): 1039 # I used Ephraim Silverberg's dst-israel.el program 1040 # <ftp://ftp.cs.huji.ac.il/pub/tz/software/dst-israel.el> (2005-02-20) 1041 # along with Ed Reingold's cal-hebrew in GNU Emacs 21.4, 1042 # to generate the transitions in this list. 1043 # (I replaced "lastFri" with "Fri>=26" by hand.) 1044 # The spring transitions below all correspond to the following Rule: 1045 # 1046 # Rule Zion 2005 max - Mar Fri>=26 2:00 1:00 D 1047 # 1048 # but older zic implementations (e.g., Solaris 8) do not support 1049 # "Fri>=26" to mean April 1 in years like 2005, so for now we list the 1050 # springtime transitions explicitly. 1051 1052 # Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 1053 Rule Zion 2005 only - Apr 1 2:00 1:00 D 1054 Rule Zion 2005 only - Oct 9 2:00 0 S 1055 Rule Zion 2006 2010 - Mar Fri>=26 2:00 1:00 D 1056 Rule Zion 2006 only - Oct 1 2:00 0 S 1057 Rule Zion 2007 only - Sep 16 2:00 0 S 1058 Rule Zion 2008 only - Oct 5 2:00 0 S 1059 Rule Zion 2009 only - Sep 27 2:00 0 S 1060 Rule Zion 2010 only - Sep 12 2:00 0 S 1061 Rule Zion 2011 only - Apr 1 2:00 1:00 D 1062 Rule Zion 2011 only - Oct 2 2:00 0 S 1063 Rule Zion 2012 2015 - Mar Fri>=26 2:00 1:00 D 1064 Rule Zion 2012 only - Sep 23 2:00 0 S 1065 Rule Zion 2013 only - Sep 8 2:00 0 S 1066 Rule Zion 2014 only - Sep 28 2:00 0 S 1067 Rule Zion 2015 only - Sep 20 2:00 0 S 1068 Rule Zion 2016 only - Apr 1 2:00 1:00 D 1069 Rule Zion 2016 only - Oct 9 2:00 0 S 1070 Rule Zion 2017 2021 - Mar Fri>=26 2:00 1:00 D 1071 Rule Zion 2017 only - Sep 24 2:00 0 S 1072 Rule Zion 2018 only - Sep 16 2:00 0 S 1073 Rule Zion 2019 only - Oct 6 2:00 0 S 1074 Rule Zion 2020 only - Sep 27 2:00 0 S 1075 Rule Zion 2021 only - Sep 12 2:00 0 S 1076 Rule Zion 2022 only - Apr 1 2:00 1:00 D 1077 Rule Zion 2022 only - Oct 2 2:00 0 S 1078 Rule Zion 2023 2032 - Mar Fri>=26 2:00 1:00 D 1079 Rule Zion 2023 only - Sep 24 2:00 0 S 1080 Rule Zion 2024 only - Oct 6 2:00 0 S 1081 Rule Zion 2025 only - Sep 28 2:00 0 S 1082 Rule Zion 2026 only - Sep 20 2:00 0 S 1083 Rule Zion 2027 only - Oct 10 2:00 0 S 1084 Rule Zion 2028 only - Sep 24 2:00 0 S 1085 Rule Zion 2029 only - Sep 16 2:00 0 S 1086 Rule Zion 2030 only - Oct 6 2:00 0 S 1087 Rule Zion 2031 only - Sep 21 2:00 0 S 1088 Rule Zion 2032 only - Sep 12 2:00 0 S 1089 Rule Zion 2033 only - Apr 1 2:00 1:00 D 1090 Rule Zion 2033 only - Oct 2 2:00 0 S 1091 Rule Zion 2034 2037 - Mar Fri>=26 2:00 1:00 D 1092 Rule Zion 2034 only - Sep 17 2:00 0 S 1093 Rule Zion 2035 only - Oct 7 2:00 0 S 1094 Rule Zion 2036 only - Sep 28 2:00 0 S 1095 Rule Zion 2037 only - Sep 13 2:00 0 S 1096 1097 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 1098 Zone Asia/Jerusalem 2:20:56 - LMT 1880 1099 2:20:40 - JMT 1918 # Jerusalem Mean Time? 1100 2:00 Zion I%sT 1101 1102 1103 1104 ############################################################################### 1105 1106 # Japan 1107 1108 # `9:00' and `JST' is from Guy Harris. 1109 1110 # From Paul Eggert (1995-03-06): 1111 # Today's _Asahi Evening News_ (page 4) reports that Japan had 1112 # daylight saving between 1948 and 1951, but ``the system was discontinued 1113 # because the public believed it would lead to longer working hours.'' 1114 1115 # From Mayumi Negishi in the 2005-08-10 Japan Times 1116 # <http://www.japantimes.co.jp/cgi-bin/getarticle.pl5?nn20050810f2.htm>: 1117 # Occupation authorities imposed daylight-saving time on Japan on 1118 # [1948-05-01].... But lack of prior debate and the execution of 1119 # daylight-saving time just three days after the bill was passed generated 1120 # deep hatred of the concept.... The Diet unceremoniously passed a bill to 1121 # dump the unpopular system in October 1951, less than a month after the San 1122 # Francisco Peace Treaty was signed. (A government poll in 1951 showed 53% 1123 # of the Japanese wanted to scrap daylight-saving time, as opposed to 30% who 1124 # wanted to keep it.) 1125 1126 # From Paul Eggert (2006-03-22): 1127 # Shanks & Pottenger write that DST in Japan during those years was as follows: 1128 # Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 1129 Rule Japan 1948 only - May Sun>=1 2:00 1:00 D 1130 Rule Japan 1948 1951 - Sep Sat>=8 2:00 0 S 1131 Rule Japan 1949 only - Apr Sun>=1 2:00 1:00 D 1132 Rule Japan 1950 1951 - May Sun>=1 2:00 1:00 D 1133 # but the only locations using it (for birth certificates, presumably, since 1134 # their audience is astrologers) were US military bases. For now, assume 1135 # that for most purposes daylight-saving time was observed; otherwise, what 1136 # would have been the point of the 1951 poll? 1137 1138 # From Hideyuki Suzuki (1998-11-09): 1139 # 'Tokyo' usually stands for the former location of Tokyo Astronomical 1140 # Observatory: E 139 44' 40".90 (9h 18m 58s.727), N 35 39' 16".0. 1141 # This data is from 'Rika Nenpyou (Chronological Scientific Tables) 1996' 1142 # edited by National Astronomical Observatory of Japan.... 1143 # JST (Japan Standard Time) has been used since 1888-01-01 00:00 (JST). 1144 # The law is enacted on 1886-07-07. 1145 1146 # From Hideyuki Suzuki (1998-11-16): 1147 # The ordinance No. 51 (1886) established "standard time" in Japan, 1148 # which stands for the time on E 135 degree. 1149 # In the ordinance No. 167 (1895), "standard time" was renamed to "central 1150 # standard time". And the same ordinance also established "western standard 1151 # time", which stands for the time on E 120 degree.... But "western standard 1152 # time" was abolished in the ordinance No. 529 (1937). In the ordinance No. 1153 # 167, there is no mention regarding for what place western standard time is 1154 # standard.... 1155 # 1156 # I wrote "ordinance" above, but I don't know how to translate. 1157 # In Japanese it's "chokurei", which means ordinance from emperor. 1158 1159 # Shanks & Pottenger claim JST in use since 1896, and that a few 1160 # places (e.g. Ishigaki) use +0800; go with Suzuki. Guess that all 1161 # ordinances took effect on Jan 1. 1162 1163 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 1164 Zone Asia/Tokyo 9:18:59 - LMT 1887 Dec 31 15:00u 1165 9:00 - JST 1896 1166 9:00 - CJT 1938 1167 9:00 Japan J%sT 1168 # Since 1938, all Japanese possessions have been like Asia/Tokyo. 1169 1170 # Jordan 1171 # 1172 # From <a href="http://star.arabia.com/990701/JO9.html"> 1173 # Jordan Week (1999-07-01) </a> via Steffen Thorsen (1999-09-09): 1174 # Clocks in Jordan were forwarded one hour on Wednesday at midnight, 1175 # in accordance with the government's decision to implement summer time 1176 # all year round. 1177 # 1178 # From <a href="http://star.arabia.com/990930/JO9.html"> 1179 # Jordan Week (1999-09-30) </a> via Steffen Thorsen (1999-11-09): 1180 # Winter time starts today Thursday, 30 September. Clocks will be turned back 1181 # by one hour. This is the latest government decision and it's final! 1182 # The decision was taken because of the increase in working hours in 1183 # government's departments from six to seven hours. 1184 # 1185 # From Paul Eggert (2005-11-22): 1186 # Starting 2003 transitions are from Steffen Thorsen's web site timeanddate.com. 1187 # 1188 # From Steffen Thorsen (2005-11-23): 1189 # For Jordan I have received multiple independent user reports every year 1190 # about DST end dates, as the end-rule is different every year. 1191 # 1192 # From Steffen Thorsen (2006-10-01), after a heads-up from Hilal Malawi: 1193 # http://www.petranews.gov.jo/nepras/2006/Sep/05/4000.htm 1194 # "Jordan will switch to winter time on Friday, October 27". 1195 # 1196 1197 # From Phil Pizzey (2009-04-02): 1198 # ...I think I may have spotted an error in the timezone data for 1199 # Jordan. 1200 # The current (2009d) asia file shows Jordan going to daylight 1201 # saving 1202 # time on the last Thursday in March. 1203 # 1204 # Rule Jordan 2000 max - Mar lastThu 0:00s 1:00 S 1205 # 1206 # However timeanddate.com, which I usually find reliable, shows Jordan 1207 # going to daylight saving time on the last Friday in March since 2002. 1208 # Please see 1209 # <a href="http://www.timeanddate.com/worldclock/timezone.html?n=11"> 1210 # http://www.timeanddate.com/worldclock/timezone.html?n=11 1211 # </a> 1212 1213 # From Steffen Thorsen (2009-04-02): 1214 # This single one might be good enough, (2009-03-24, Arabic): 1215 # <a href="http://petra.gov.jo/Artical.aspx?Lng=2&Section=8&Artical=95279"> 1216 # http://petra.gov.jo/Artical.aspx?Lng=2&Section=8&Artical=95279 1217 # </a> 1218 # 1219 # Google's translation: 1220 # 1221 # > The Council of Ministers decided in 2002 to adopt the principle of timely 1222 # > submission of the summer at 60 minutes as of midnight on the last Thursday 1223 # > of the month of March of each year. 1224 # 1225 # So - this means the midnight between Thursday and Friday since 2002. 1226 1227 # From Arthur David Olson (2009-04-06): 1228 # We still have Jordan switching to DST on Thursdays in 2000 and 2001. 1229 1230 # Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 1231 Rule Jordan 1973 only - Jun 6 0:00 1:00 S 1232 Rule Jordan 1973 1975 - Oct 1 0:00 0 - 1233 Rule Jordan 1974 1977 - May 1 0:00 1:00 S 1234 Rule Jordan 1976 only - Nov 1 0:00 0 - 1235 Rule Jordan 1977 only - Oct 1 0:00 0 - 1236 Rule Jordan 1978 only - Apr 30 0:00 1:00 S 1237 Rule Jordan 1978 only - Sep 30 0:00 0 - 1238 Rule Jordan 1985 only - Apr 1 0:00 1:00 S 1239 Rule Jordan 1985 only - Oct 1 0:00 0 - 1240 Rule Jordan 1986 1988 - Apr Fri>=1 0:00 1:00 S 1241 Rule Jordan 1986 1990 - Oct Fri>=1 0:00 0 - 1242 Rule Jordan 1989 only - May 8 0:00 1:00 S 1243 Rule Jordan 1990 only - Apr 27 0:00 1:00 S 1244 Rule Jordan 1991 only - Apr 17 0:00 1:00 S 1245 Rule Jordan 1991 only - Sep 27 0:00 0 - 1246 Rule Jordan 1992 only - Apr 10 0:00 1:00 S 1247 Rule Jordan 1992 1993 - Oct Fri>=1 0:00 0 - 1248 Rule Jordan 1993 1998 - Apr Fri>=1 0:00 1:00 S 1249 Rule Jordan 1994 only - Sep Fri>=15 0:00 0 - 1250 Rule Jordan 1995 1998 - Sep Fri>=15 0:00s 0 - 1251 Rule Jordan 1999 only - Jul 1 0:00s 1:00 S 1252 Rule Jordan 1999 2002 - Sep lastFri 0:00s 0 - 1253 Rule Jordan 2000 2001 - Mar lastThu 0:00s 1:00 S 1254 Rule Jordan 2002 max - Mar lastThu 24:00 1:00 S 1255 Rule Jordan 2003 only - Oct 24 0:00s 0 - 1256 Rule Jordan 2004 only - Oct 15 0:00s 0 - 1257 Rule Jordan 2005 only - Sep lastFri 0:00s 0 - 1258 Rule Jordan 2006 max - Oct lastFri 0:00s 0 - 1259 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 1260 Zone Asia/Amman 2:23:44 - LMT 1931 1261 2:00 Jordan EE%sT 1262 1263 1264 # Kazakhstan 1265 1266 # From Paul Eggert (1996-11-22): 1267 # Andrew Evtichov (1996-04-13) writes that Kazakhstan 1268 # stayed in sync with Moscow after 1990, and that Aqtobe (formerly Aktyubinsk) 1269 # and Aqtau (formerly Shevchenko) are the largest cities in their zones. 1270 # Guess that Aqtau and Aqtobe diverged in 1995, since that's the first time 1271 # IATA SSIM mentions a third time zone in Kazakhstan. 1272 1273 # From Paul Eggert (2006-03-22): 1274 # German Iofis, ELSI, Almaty (2001-10-09) reports that Kazakhstan uses 1275 # RussiaAsia rules, instead of switching at 00:00 as the IATA has it. 1276 # Go with Shanks & Pottenger, who have them always using RussiaAsia rules. 1277 # Also go with the following claims of Shanks & Pottenger: 1278 # 1279 # - Kazakhstan did not observe DST in 1991. 1280 # - Qyzylorda switched from +5:00 to +6:00 on 1992-01-19 02:00. 1281 # - Oral switched from +5:00 to +4:00 in spring 1989. 1282 1283 # <a href="http://www.kazsociety.org.uk/news/2005/03/30.htm"> 1284 # From Kazakhstan Embassy's News Bulletin #11 (2005-03-21): 1285 # </a> 1286 # The Government of Kazakhstan passed a resolution March 15 abolishing 1287 # daylight saving time citing lack of economic benefits and health 1288 # complications coupled with a decrease in productivity. 1289 # 1290 # From Branislav Kojic (in Astana) via Gwillim Law (2005-06-28): 1291 # ... what happened was that the former Kazakhstan Eastern time zone 1292 # was "blended" with the Central zone. Therefore, Kazakhstan now has 1293 # two time zones, and difference between them is one hour. The zone 1294 # closer to UTC is the former Western zone (probably still called the 1295 # same), encompassing four provinces in the west: Aqtobe, Atyrau, 1296 # Mangghystau, and West Kazakhstan. The other zone encompasses 1297 # everything else.... I guess that would make Kazakhstan time zones 1298 # de jure UTC+5 and UTC+6 respectively. 1299 1300 # 1301 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 1302 # 1303 # Almaty (formerly Alma-Ata), representing most locations in Kazakhstan 1304 Zone Asia/Almaty 5:07:48 - LMT 1924 May 2 # or Alma-Ata 1305 5:00 - ALMT 1930 Jun 21 # Alma-Ata Time 1306 6:00 RussiaAsia ALM%sT 1991 1307 6:00 - ALMT 1992 1308 6:00 RussiaAsia ALM%sT 2005 Mar 15 1309 6:00 - ALMT 1310 # Qyzylorda (aka Kyzylorda, Kizilorda, Kzyl-Orda, etc.) 1311 Zone Asia/Qyzylorda 4:21:52 - LMT 1924 May 2 1312 4:00 - KIZT 1930 Jun 21 # Kizilorda Time 1313 5:00 - KIZT 1981 Apr 1 1314 5:00 1:00 KIZST 1981 Oct 1 1315 6:00 - KIZT 1982 Apr 1 1316 5:00 RussiaAsia KIZ%sT 1991 1317 5:00 - KIZT 1991 Dec 16 # independence 1318 5:00 - QYZT 1992 Jan 19 2:00 1319 6:00 RussiaAsia QYZ%sT 2005 Mar 15 1320 6:00 - QYZT 1321 # Aqtobe (aka Aktobe, formerly Akt'ubinsk) 1322 Zone Asia/Aqtobe 3:48:40 - LMT 1924 May 2 1323 4:00 - AKTT 1930 Jun 21 # Aktyubinsk Time 1324 5:00 - AKTT 1981 Apr 1 1325 5:00 1:00 AKTST 1981 Oct 1 1326 6:00 - AKTT 1982 Apr 1 1327 5:00 RussiaAsia AKT%sT 1991 1328 5:00 - AKTT 1991 Dec 16 # independence 1329 5:00 RussiaAsia AQT%sT 2005 Mar 15 # Aqtobe Time 1330 5:00 - AQTT 1331 # Mangghystau 1332 # Aqtau was not founded until 1963, but it represents an inhabited region, 1333 # so include time stamps before 1963. 1334 Zone Asia/Aqtau 3:21:04 - LMT 1924 May 2 1335 4:00 - FORT 1930 Jun 21 # Fort Shevchenko T 1336 5:00 - FORT 1963 1337 5:00 - SHET 1981 Oct 1 # Shevchenko Time 1338 6:00 - SHET 1982 Apr 1 1339 5:00 RussiaAsia SHE%sT 1991 1340 5:00 - SHET 1991 Dec 16 # independence 1341 5:00 RussiaAsia AQT%sT 1995 Mar lastSun 2:00 # Aqtau Time 1342 4:00 RussiaAsia AQT%sT 2005 Mar 15 1343 5:00 - AQTT 1344 # West Kazakhstan 1345 Zone Asia/Oral 3:25:24 - LMT 1924 May 2 # or Ural'sk 1346 4:00 - URAT 1930 Jun 21 # Ural'sk time 1347 5:00 - URAT 1981 Apr 1 1348 5:00 1:00 URAST 1981 Oct 1 1349 6:00 - URAT 1982 Apr 1 1350 5:00 RussiaAsia URA%sT 1989 Mar 26 2:00 1351 4:00 RussiaAsia URA%sT 1991 1352 4:00 - URAT 1991 Dec 16 # independence 1353 4:00 RussiaAsia ORA%sT 2005 Mar 15 # Oral Time 1354 5:00 - ORAT 1355 1356 # Kyrgyzstan (Kirgizstan) 1357 # Transitions through 1991 are from Shanks & Pottenger. 1358 1359 # From Paul Eggert (2005-08-15): 1360 # According to an article dated today in the Kyrgyzstan Development Gateway 1361 # <http://eng.gateway.kg/cgi-bin/page.pl?id=1&story_name=doc9979.shtml> 1362 # Kyrgyzstan is canceling the daylight saving time system. I take the article 1363 # to mean that they will leave their clocks at 6 hours ahead of UTC. 1364 # From Malik Abdugaliev (2005-09-21): 1365 # Our government cancels daylight saving time 6th of August 2005. 1366 # From 2005-08-12 our GMT-offset is +6, w/o any daylight saving. 1367 1368 # Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 1369 Rule Kyrgyz 1992 1996 - Apr Sun>=7 0:00s 1:00 S 1370 Rule Kyrgyz 1992 1996 - Sep lastSun 0:00 0 - 1371 Rule Kyrgyz 1997 2005 - Mar lastSun 2:30 1:00 S 1372 Rule Kyrgyz 1997 2004 - Oct lastSun 2:30 0 - 1373 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 1374 Zone Asia/Bishkek 4:58:24 - LMT 1924 May 2 1375 5:00 - FRUT 1930 Jun 21 # Frunze Time 1376 6:00 RussiaAsia FRU%sT 1991 Mar 31 2:00s 1377 5:00 1:00 FRUST 1991 Aug 31 2:00 # independence 1378 5:00 Kyrgyz KG%sT 2005 Aug 12 # Kyrgyzstan Time 1379 6:00 - KGT 1380 1381 ############################################################################### 1382 1383 # Korea (North and South) 1384 1385 # From Annie I. Bang (2006-07-10) in 1386 # <http://www.koreaherald.co.kr/SITE/data/html_dir/2006/07/10/200607100012.asp>: 1387 # The Ministry of Commerce, Industry and Energy has already 1388 # commissioned a research project [to reintroduce DST] and has said 1389 # the system may begin as early as 2008.... Korea ran a daylight 1390 # saving program from 1949-61 but stopped it during the 1950-53 Korean War. 1391 1392 # From Shanks & Pottenger: 1393 # Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 1394 Rule ROK 1960 only - May 15 0:00 1:00 D 1395 Rule ROK 1960 only - Sep 13 0:00 0 S 1396 Rule ROK 1987 1988 - May Sun>=8 0:00 1:00 D 1397 Rule ROK 1987 1988 - Oct Sun>=8 0:00 0 S 1398 1399 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 1400 Zone Asia/Seoul 8:27:52 - LMT 1890 1401 8:30 - KST 1904 Dec 1402 9:00 - KST 1928 1403 8:30 - KST 1932 1404 9:00 - KST 1954 Mar 21 1405 8:00 ROK K%sT 1961 Aug 10 1406 8:30 - KST 1968 Oct 1407 9:00 ROK K%sT 1408 Zone Asia/Pyongyang 8:23:00 - LMT 1890 1409 8:30 - KST 1904 Dec 1410 9:00 - KST 1928 1411 8:30 - KST 1932 1412 9:00 - KST 1954 Mar 21 1413 8:00 - KST 1961 Aug 10 1414 9:00 - KST 1415 1416 ############################################################################### 1417 1418 # Kuwait 1419 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 1420 # From the Arab Times (2007-03-14): 1421 # The Civil Service Commission (CSC) has approved a proposal forwarded 1422 # by MP Ahmad Baqer on implementing the daylight saving time (DST) in 1423 # Kuwait starting from April until the end of Sept this year, reports Al-Anba. 1424 # <http://www.arabtimesonline.com/arabtimes/kuwait/Viewdet.asp?ID=9950>. 1425 # From Paul Eggert (2007-03-29): 1426 # We don't know the details, or whether the approval means it'll happen, 1427 # so for now we assume no DST. 1428 Zone Asia/Kuwait 3:11:56 - LMT 1950 1429 3:00 - AST 1430 1431 # Laos 1432 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 1433 Zone Asia/Vientiane 6:50:24 - LMT 1906 Jun 9 # or Viangchan 1434 7:06:20 - SMT 1911 Mar 11 0:01 # Saigon MT? 1435 7:00 - ICT 1912 May 1436 8:00 - ICT 1931 May 1437 7:00 - ICT 1438 1439 # Lebanon 1440 # Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 1441 Rule Lebanon 1920 only - Mar 28 0:00 1:00 S 1442 Rule Lebanon 1920 only - Oct 25 0:00 0 - 1443 Rule Lebanon 1921 only - Apr 3 0:00 1:00 S 1444 Rule Lebanon 1921 only - Oct 3 0:00 0 - 1445 Rule Lebanon 1922 only - Mar 26 0:00 1:00 S 1446 Rule Lebanon 1922 only - Oct 8 0:00 0 - 1447 Rule Lebanon 1923 only - Apr 22 0:00 1:00 S 1448 Rule Lebanon 1923 only - Sep 16 0:00 0 - 1449 Rule Lebanon 1957 1961 - May 1 0:00 1:00 S 1450 Rule Lebanon 1957 1961 - Oct 1 0:00 0 - 1451 Rule Lebanon 1972 only - Jun 22 0:00 1:00 S 1452 Rule Lebanon 1972 1977 - Oct 1 0:00 0 - 1453 Rule Lebanon 1973 1977 - May 1 0:00 1:00 S 1454 Rule Lebanon 1978 only - Apr 30 0:00 1:00 S 1455 Rule Lebanon 1978 only - Sep 30 0:00 0 - 1456 Rule Lebanon 1984 1987 - May 1 0:00 1:00 S 1457 Rule Lebanon 1984 1991 - Oct 16 0:00 0 - 1458 Rule Lebanon 1988 only - Jun 1 0:00 1:00 S 1459 Rule Lebanon 1989 only - May 10 0:00 1:00 S 1460 Rule Lebanon 1990 1992 - May 1 0:00 1:00 S 1461 Rule Lebanon 1992 only - Oct 4 0:00 0 - 1462 Rule Lebanon 1993 max - Mar lastSun 0:00 1:00 S 1463 Rule Lebanon 1993 1998 - Sep lastSun 0:00 0 - 1464 Rule Lebanon 1999 max - Oct lastSun 0:00 0 - 1465 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 1466 Zone Asia/Beirut 2:22:00 - LMT 1880 1467 2:00 Lebanon EE%sT 1468 1469 # Malaysia 1470 # Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 1471 Rule NBorneo 1935 1941 - Sep 14 0:00 0:20 TS # one-Third Summer 1472 Rule NBorneo 1935 1941 - Dec 14 0:00 0 - 1473 # 1474 # peninsular Malaysia 1475 # The data here are taken from Mok Ly Yng (2003-10-30) 1476 # <http://www.math.nus.edu.sg/aslaksen/teaching/timezone.html>. 1477 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 1478 Zone Asia/Kuala_Lumpur 6:46:46 - LMT 1901 Jan 1 1479 6:55:25 - SMT 1905 Jun 1 # Singapore M.T. 1480 7:00 - MALT 1933 Jan 1 # Malaya Time 1481 7:00 0:20 MALST 1936 Jan 1 1482 7:20 - MALT 1941 Sep 1 1483 7:30 - MALT 1942 Feb 16 1484 9:00 - JST 1945 Sep 12 1485 7:30 - MALT 1982 Jan 1 1486 8:00 - MYT # Malaysia Time 1487 # Sabah & Sarawak 1488 # From Paul Eggert (2006-03-22): 1489 # The data here are mostly from Shanks & Pottenger, but the 1942, 1945 and 1982 1490 # transition dates are from Mok Ly Yng. 1491 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 1492 Zone Asia/Kuching 7:21:20 - LMT 1926 Mar 1493 7:30 - BORT 1933 # Borneo Time 1494 8:00 NBorneo BOR%sT 1942 Feb 16 1495 9:00 - JST 1945 Sep 12 1496 8:00 - BORT 1982 Jan 1 1497 8:00 - MYT 1498 1499 # Maldives 1500 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 1501 Zone Indian/Maldives 4:54:00 - LMT 1880 # Male 1502 4:54:00 - MMT 1960 # Male Mean Time 1503 5:00 - MVT # Maldives Time 1504 1505 # Mongolia 1506 1507 # Shanks & Pottenger say that Mongolia has three time zones, but 1508 # usno1995 and the CIA map Standard Time Zones of the World (2005-03) 1509 # both say that it has just one. 1510 1511 # From Oscar van Vlijmen (1999-12-11): 1512 # <a href="http://www.mongoliatourism.gov.mn/general.htm"> 1513 # General Information Mongolia 1514 # </a> (1999-09) 1515 # "Time: Mongolia has two time zones. Three westernmost provinces of 1516 # Bayan-Ulgii, Uvs, and Hovd are one hour earlier than the capital city, and 1517 # the rest of the country follows the Ulaanbaatar time, which is UTC/GMT plus 1518 # eight hours." 1519 1520 # From Rives McDow (1999-12-13): 1521 # Mongolia discontinued the use of daylight savings time in 1999; 1998 1522 # being the last year it was implemented. The dates of implementation I am 1523 # unsure of, but most probably it was similar to Russia, except for the time 1524 # of implementation may have been different.... 1525 # Some maps in the past have indicated that there was an additional time 1526 # zone in the eastern part of Mongolia, including the provinces of Dornod, 1527 # Suhbaatar, and possibly Khentij. 1528 1529 # From Paul Eggert (1999-12-15): 1530 # Naming and spelling is tricky in Mongolia. 1531 # We'll use Hovd (also spelled Chovd and Khovd) to represent the west zone; 1532 # the capital of the Hovd province is sometimes called Hovd, sometimes Dund-Us, 1533 # and sometimes Jirgalanta (with variant spellings), but the name Hovd 1534 # is good enough for our purposes. 1535 1536 # From Rives McDow (2001-05-13): 1537 # In addition to Mongolia starting daylight savings as reported earlier 1538 # (adopted DST on 2001-04-27 02:00 local time, ending 2001-09-28), 1539 # there are three time zones. 1540 # 1541 # Provinces [at 7:00]: Bayan-ulgii, Uvs, Khovd, Zavkhan, Govi-Altai 1542 # Provinces [at 8:00]: Khovsgol, Bulgan, Arkhangai, Khentii, Tov, 1543 # Bayankhongor, Ovorkhangai, Dundgovi, Dornogovi, Omnogovi 1544 # Provinces [at 9:00]: Dornod, Sukhbaatar 1545 # 1546 # [The province of Selenge is omitted from the above lists.] 1547 1548 # From Ganbold Ts., Ulaanbaatar (2004-04-17): 1549 # Daylight saving occurs at 02:00 local time last Saturday of March. 1550 # It will change back to normal at 02:00 local time last Saturday of 1551 # September.... As I remember this rule was changed in 2001. 1552 # 1553 # From Paul Eggert (2004-04-17): 1554 # For now, assume Rives McDow's informant got confused about Friday vs 1555 # Saturday, and that his 2001 dates should have 1 added to them. 1556 1557 # From Paul Eggert (2005-07-26): 1558 # We have wildly conflicting information about Mongolia's time zones. 1559 # Bill Bonnet (2005-05-19) reports that the US Embassy in Ulaanbaatar says 1560 # there is only one time zone and that DST is observed, citing Microsoft 1561 # Windows XP as the source. Risto Nykanen (2005-05-16) reports that 1562 # travelmongolia.org says there are two time zones (UTC+7, UTC+8) with no DST. 1563 # Oscar van Vlijmen (2005-05-20) reports that the Mongolian Embassy in 1564 # Washington, DC says there are two time zones, with DST observed. 1565 # He also found 1566 # <http://ubpost.mongolnews.mn/index.php?subaction=showcomments&id=1111634894&archive=&start_from=&ucat=1&> 1567 # which also says that there is DST, and which has a comment by "Toddius" 1568 # (2005-03-31 06:05 +0700) saying "Mongolia actually has 3.5 time zones. 1569 # The West (OLGII) is +7 GMT, most of the country is ULAT is +8 GMT 1570 # and some Eastern provinces are +9 GMT but Sukhbaatar Aimag is SUHK +8.5 GMT. 1571 # The SUKH timezone is new this year, it is one of the few things the 1572 # parliament passed during the tumultuous winter session." 1573 # For now, let's ignore this information, until we have more confirmation. 1574 1575 # From Ganbold Ts. (2007-02-26): 1576 # Parliament of Mongolia has just changed the daylight-saving rule in February. 1577 # They decided not to adopt daylight-saving time.... 1578 # http://www.mongolnews.mn/index.php?module=unuudur&sec=view&id=15742 1579 1580 # From Deborah Goldsmith (2008-03-30): 1581 # We received a bug report claiming that the tz database UTC offset for 1582 # Asia/Choibalsan (GMT+09:00) is incorrect, and that it should be GMT 1583 # +08:00 instead. Different sources appear to disagree with the tz 1584 # database on this, e.g.: 1585 # 1586 # <a href="http://www.timeanddate.com/worldclock/city.html?n=1026"> 1587 # http://www.timeanddate.com/worldclock/city.html?n=1026 1588 # </a> 1589 # <a href="http://www.worldtimeserver.com/current_time_in_MN.aspx"> 1590 # http://www.worldtimeserver.com/current_time_in_MN.aspx 1591 # </a> 1592 # 1593 # both say GMT+08:00. 1594 1595 # From Steffen Thorsen (2008-03-31): 1596 # eznis airways, which operates several domestic flights, has a flight 1597 # schedule here: 1598 # <a href="http://www.eznis.com/Container.jsp?id=112"> 1599 # http://www.eznis.com/Container.jsp?id=112 1600 # </a> 1601 # (click the English flag for English) 1602 # 1603 # There it appears that flights between Choibalsan and Ulaanbatar arrive 1604 # about 1:35 - 1:50 hours later in local clock time, no matter the 1605 # direction, while Ulaanbaatar-Khvod takes 2 hours in the Eastern 1606 # direction and 3:35 back, which indicates that Ulaanbatar and Khvod are 1607 # in different time zones (like we know about), while Choibalsan and 1608 # Ulaanbatar are in the same time zone (correction needed). 1609 1610 # From Arthur David Olson (2008-05-19): 1611 # Assume that Choibalsan is indeed offset by 8:00. 1612 # XXX--in the absence of better information, assume that transition 1613 # was at the start of 2008-03-31 (the day of Steffen Thorsen's report); 1614 # this is almost surely wrong. 1615 1616 # Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 1617 Rule Mongol 1983 1984 - Apr 1 0:00 1:00 S 1618 Rule Mongol 1983 only - Oct 1 0:00 0 - 1619 # Shanks & Pottenger and IATA SSIM say 1990s switches occurred at 00:00, 1620 # but McDow says the 2001 switches occurred at 02:00. Also, IATA SSIM 1621 # (1996-09) says 1996-10-25. Go with Shanks & Pottenger through 1998. 1622 # 1623 # Shanks & Pottenger say that the Sept. 1984 through Sept. 1990 switches 1624 # in Choibalsan (more precisely, in Dornod and Sukhbaatar) took place 1625 # at 02:00 standard time, not at 00:00 local time as in the rest of 1626 # the country. That would be odd, and possibly is a result of their 1627 # correction of 02:00 (in the previous edition) not being done correctly 1628 # in the latest edition; so ignore it for now. 1629 1630 Rule Mongol 1985 1998 - Mar lastSun 0:00 1:00 S 1631 Rule Mongol 1984 1998 - Sep lastSun 0:00 0 - 1632 # IATA SSIM (1999-09) says Mongolia no longer observes DST. 1633 Rule Mongol 2001 only - Apr lastSat 2:00 1:00 S 1634 Rule Mongol 2001 2006 - Sep lastSat 2:00 0 - 1635 Rule Mongol 2002 2006 - Mar lastSat 2:00 1:00 S 1636 1637 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 1638 # Hovd, a.k.a. Chovd, Dund-Us, Dzhargalant, Khovd, Jirgalanta 1639 Zone Asia/Hovd 6:06:36 - LMT 1905 Aug 1640 6:00 - HOVT 1978 # Hovd Time 1641 7:00 Mongol HOV%sT 1642 # Ulaanbaatar, a.k.a. Ulan Bataar, Ulan Bator, Urga 1643 Zone Asia/Ulaanbaatar 7:07:32 - LMT 1905 Aug 1644 7:00 - ULAT 1978 # Ulaanbaatar Time 1645 8:00 Mongol ULA%sT 1646 # Choibalsan, a.k.a. Bajan Tuemen, Bajan Tumen, Chojbalsan, 1647 # Choybalsan, Sanbejse, Tchoibalsan 1648 Zone Asia/Choibalsan 7:38:00 - LMT 1905 Aug 1649 7:00 - ULAT 1978 1650 8:00 - ULAT 1983 Apr 1651 9:00 Mongol CHO%sT 2008 Mar 31 # Choibalsan Time 1652 8:00 Mongol CHO%sT 1653 1654 # Nepal 1655 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 1656 Zone Asia/Kathmandu 5:41:16 - LMT 1920 1657 5:30 - IST 1986 1658 5:45 - NPT # Nepal Time 1659 1660 # Oman 1661 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 1662 Zone Asia/Muscat 3:54:20 - LMT 1920 1663 4:00 - GST 1664 1665 # Pakistan 1666 1667 # From Rives McDow (2002-03-13): 1668 # I have been advised that Pakistan has decided to adopt dst on a 1669 # TRIAL basis for one year, starting 00:01 local time on April 7, 2002 1670 # and ending at 00:01 local time October 6, 2002. This is what I was 1671 # told, but I believe that the actual time of change may be 00:00; the 1672 # 00:01 was to make it clear which day it was on. 1673 1674 # From Paul Eggert (2002-03-15): 1675 # Jesper Norgaard found this URL: 1676 # http://www.pak.gov.pk/public/news/app/app06_dec.htm 1677 # (dated 2001-12-06) which says that the Cabinet adopted a scheme "to 1678 # advance the clocks by one hour on the night between the first 1679 # Saturday and Sunday of April and revert to the original position on 1680 # 15th October each year". This agrees with McDow's 04-07 at 00:00, 1681 # but disagrees about the October transition, and makes it sound like 1682 # it's not on a trial basis. Also, the "between the first Saturday 1683 # and Sunday of April" phrase, if taken literally, means that the 1684 # transition takes place at 00:00 on the first Sunday on or after 04-02. 1685 1686 # From Paul Eggert (2003-02-09): 1687 # DAWN <http://www.dawn.com/2002/10/06/top13.htm> reported on 2002-10-05 1688 # that 2002 DST ended that day at midnight. Go with McDow for now. 1689 1690 # From Steffen Thorsen (2003-03-14): 1691 # According to http://www.dawn.com/2003/03/07/top15.htm 1692 # there will be no DST in Pakistan this year: 1693 # 1694 # ISLAMABAD, March 6: Information and Media Development Minister Sheikh 1695 # Rashid Ahmed on Thursday said the cabinet had reversed a previous 1696 # decision to advance clocks by one hour in summer and put them back by 1697 # one hour in winter with the aim of saving light hours and energy. 1698 # 1699 # The minister told a news conference that the experiment had rather 1700 # shown 8 per cent higher consumption of electricity. 1701 1702 # From Alex Krivenyshev (2008-05-15): 1703 # 1704 # Here is an article that Pakistan plan to introduce Daylight Saving Time 1705 # on June 1, 2008 for 3 months. 1706 # 1707 # "... The federal cabinet on Wednesday announced a new conservation plan to help 1708 # reduce load shedding by approving the closure of commercial centres at 9pm and 1709 # moving clocks forward by one hour for the next three months. 1710 # ...." 1711 # 1712 # <a href="http://www.worldtimezone.net/dst_news/dst_news_pakistan01.html"> 1713 # http://www.worldtimezone.net/dst_news/dst_news_pakistan01.html 1714 # </a> 1715 # OR 1716 # <a href="http://www.dailytimes.com.pk/default.asp?page=2008%5C05%5C15%5Cstory_15-5-2008_pg1_4"> 1717 # http://www.dailytimes.com.pk/default.asp?page=2008%5C05%5C15%5Cstory_15-5-2008_pg1_4 1718 # </a> 1719 1720 # From Arthur David Olson (2008-05-19): 1721 # XXX--midnight transitions is a guess; 2008 only is a guess. 1722 1723 # From Alexander Krivenyshev (2008-08-28): 1724 # Pakistan government has decided to keep the watches one-hour advanced 1725 # for another 2 months--plan to return to Standard Time on October 31 1726 # instead of August 31. 1727 # 1728 # <a href="http://www.worldtimezone.com/dst_news/dst_news_pakistan02.html"> 1729 # http://www.worldtimezone.com/dst_news/dst_news_pakistan02.html 1730 # </a> 1731 # OR 1732 # <a href="http://dailymailnews.com/200808/28/news/dmbrn03.html"> 1733 # http://dailymailnews.com/200808/28/news/dmbrn03.html 1734 # </a> 1735 1736 # From Alexander Krivenyshev (2009-04-08): 1737 # Based on previous media reports that "... proposed plan to 1738 # advance clocks by one hour from May 1 will cause disturbance 1739 # to the working schedules rather than bringing discipline in 1740 # official working." 1741 # <a href="http://www.thenews.com.pk/daily_detail.asp?id=171280"> 1742 # http://www.thenews.com.pk/daily_detail.asp?id=171280 1743 # </a> 1744 # 1745 # recent news that instead of May 2009 - Pakistan plan to 1746 # introduce DST from April 15, 2009 1747 # 1748 # FYI: Associated Press Of Pakistan 1749 # April 08, 2009 1750 # Cabinet okays proposal to advance clocks by one hour from April 15 1751 # <a href="http://www.app.com.pk/en_/index.php?option=com_content&task=view&id=73043&Itemid=1"> 1752 # http://www.app.com.pk/en_/index.php?option=com_content&task=view&id=73043&Itemid=1 1753 # </a> 1754 # 1755 # or 1756 # 1757 # <a href="http://www.worldtimezone.com/dst_news/dst_news_pakistan05.html"> 1758 # http://www.worldtimezone.com/dst_news/dst_news_pakistan05.html 1759 # </a> 1760 # 1761 # .... 1762 # The Federal Cabinet on Wednesday approved the proposal to 1763 # advance clocks in the country by one hour from April 15 to 1764 # conserve energy" 1765 1766 # From Steffen Thorsen (2009-09-17): 1767 # "The News International," Pakistan reports that: "The Federal 1768 # Government has decided to restore the previous time by moving the 1769 # clocks backward by one hour from October 1. A formal announcement to 1770 # this effect will be made after the Prime Minister grants approval in 1771 # this regard." 1772 # <a href="http://www.thenews.com.pk/updates.asp?id=87168"> 1773 # http://www.thenews.com.pk/updates.asp?id=87168 1774 # </a> 1775 1776 # From Alexander Krivenyshev (2009-09-28): 1777 # According to Associated Press Of Pakistan, it is confirmed that 1778 # Pakistan clocks across the country would be turned back by an hour from October 1779 # 1, 2009. 1780 # 1781 # "Clocks to go back one hour from 1 Oct" 1782 # <a href="http://www.app.com.pk/en_/index.php?option=com_content&task=view&id=86715&Itemid=2"> 1783 # http://www.app.com.pk/en_/index.php?option=com_content&task=view&id=86715&Itemid=2 1784 # </a> 1785 # or 1786 # <a href="http://www.worldtimezone.com/dst_news/dst_news_pakistan07.htm"> 1787 # http://www.worldtimezone.com/dst_news/dst_news_pakistan07.htm 1788 # </a> 1789 1790 # From Steffen Thorsen (2009-09-29): 1791 # Alexander Krivenyshev wrote: 1792 # > According to Associated Press Of Pakistan, it is confirmed that 1793 # > Pakistan clocks across the country would be turned back by an hour from October 1794 # > 1, 2009. 1795 # 1796 # Now they seem to have changed their mind, November 1 is the new date: 1797 # <a href="http://www.thenews.com.pk/top_story_detail.asp?Id=24742"> 1798 # http://www.thenews.com.pk/top_story_detail.asp?Id=24742 1799 # </a> 1800 # "The country's clocks will be reversed by one hour on November 1. 1801 # Officials of Federal Ministry for Interior told this to Geo News on 1802 # Monday." 1803 # 1804 # And more importantly, it seems that these dates will be kept every year: 1805 # "It has now been decided that clocks will be wound forward by one hour 1806 # on April 15 and reversed by an hour on November 1 every year without 1807 # obtaining prior approval, the officials added." 1808 # 1809 # We have confirmed this year's end date with both with the Ministry of 1810 # Water and Power and the Pakistan Electric Power Company: 1811 # <a href="http://www.timeanddate.com/news/time/pakistan-ends-dst09.html"> 1812 # http://www.timeanddate.com/news/time/pakistan-ends-dst09.html 1813 # </a> 1814 1815 # From Christoph Goehre (2009-10-01): 1816 # [T]he German Consulate General in Karachi reported me today that Pakistan 1817 # will go back to standard time on 1st of November. 1818 1819 # Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 1820 Rule Pakistan 2002 only - Apr Sun>=2 0:01 1:00 S 1821 Rule Pakistan 2002 only - Oct Sun>=2 0:01 0 - 1822 Rule Pakistan 2008 only - Jun 1 0:00 1:00 S 1823 Rule Pakistan 2008 only - Nov 1 0:00 0 - 1824 Rule Pakistan 2009 max - Apr 15 0:00 1:00 S 1825 Rule Pakistan 2009 max - Nov 1 0:00 0 - 1826 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 1827 Zone Asia/Karachi 4:28:12 - LMT 1907 1828 5:30 - IST 1942 Sep 1829 5:30 1:00 IST 1945 Oct 15 1830 5:30 - IST 1951 Sep 30 1831 5:00 - KART 1971 Mar 26 # Karachi Time 1832 5:00 Pakistan PK%sT # Pakistan Time 1833 1834 # Palestine 1835 1836 # From Amos Shapir (1998-02-15): 1837 # 1838 # From 1917 until 1948-05-15, all of Palestine, including the parts now 1839 # known as the Gaza Strip and the West Bank, was under British rule. 1840 # Therefore the rules given for Israel for that period, apply there too... 1841 # 1842 # The Gaza Strip was under Egyptian rule between 1948-05-15 until 1967-06-05 1843 # (except a short occupation by Israel from 1956-11 till 1957-03, but no 1844 # time zone was affected then). It was never formally annexed to Egypt, 1845 # though. 1846 # 1847 # The rest of Palestine was under Jordanian rule at that time, formally 1848 # annexed in 1950 as the West Bank (and the word "Trans" was dropped from 1849 # the country's previous name of "the Hashemite Kingdom of the 1850 # Trans-Jordan"). So the rules for Jordan for that time apply. Major 1851 # towns in that area are Nablus (Shchem), El-Halil (Hebron), Ramallah, and 1852 # East Jerusalem. 1853 # 1854 # Both areas were occupied by Israel in June 1967, but not annexed (except 1855 # for East Jerusalem). They were on Israel time since then; there might 1856 # have been a Military Governor's order about time zones, but I'm not aware 1857 # of any (such orders may have been issued semi-annually whenever summer 1858 # time was in effect, but maybe the legal aspect of time was just neglected). 1859 # 1860 # The Palestinian Authority was established in 1993, and got hold of most 1861 # towns in the West Bank and Gaza by 1995. I know that in order to 1862 # demonstrate...independence, they have been switching to 1863 # summer time and back on a different schedule than Israel's, but I don't 1864 # know when this was started, or what algorithm is used (most likely the 1865 # Jordanian one). 1866 # 1867 # To summarize, the table should probably look something like that: 1868 # 1869 # Area \ when | 1918-1947 | 1948-1967 | 1967-1995 | 1996- 1870 # ------------+-----------+-----------+-----------+----------- 1871 # Israel | Zion | Zion | Zion | Zion 1872 # West bank | Zion | Jordan | Zion | Jordan 1873 # Gaza | Zion | Egypt | Zion | Jordan 1874 # 1875 # I guess more info may be available from the PA's web page (if/when they 1876 # have one). 1877 1878 # From Paul Eggert (2006-03-22): 1879 # Shanks & Pottenger write that Gaza did not observe DST until 1957, but go 1880 # with Shapir and assume that it observed DST from 1940 through 1947, 1881 # and that it used Jordanian rules starting in 1996. 1882 # We don't yet need a separate entry for the West Bank, since 1883 # the only differences between it and Gaza that we know about 1884 # occurred before our cutoff date of 1970. 1885 # However, as we get more information, we may need to add entries 1886 # for parts of the West Bank as they transitioned from Israel's rules 1887 # to Palestine's rules. If you have more info about this, please 1888 # send it to tz (a] elsie.nci.nih.gov for incorporation into future editions. 1889 1890 # From IINS News Service - Israel - 1998-03-23 10:38:07 Israel time, 1891 # forwarded by Ephraim Silverberg: 1892 # 1893 # Despite the fact that Israel changed over to daylight savings time 1894 # last week, the PLO Authority (PA) has decided not to turn its clocks 1895 # one-hour forward at this time. As a sign of independence from Israeli rule, 1896 # the PA has decided to implement DST in April. 1897 1898 # From Paul Eggert (1999-09-20): 1899 # Daoud Kuttab writes in 1900 # <a href="http://www.jpost.com/com/Archive/22.Apr.1999/Opinion/Article-2.html"> 1901 # Holiday havoc 1902 # </a> (Jerusalem Post, 1999-04-22) that 1903 # the Palestinian National Authority changed to DST on 1999-04-15. 1904 # I vaguely recall that they switch back in October (sorry, forgot the source). 1905 # For now, let's assume that the spring switch was at 24:00, 1906 # and that they switch at 0:00 on the 3rd Fridays of April and October. 1907 1908 # From Paul Eggert (2005-11-22): 1909 # Starting 2004 transitions are from Steffen Thorsen's web site timeanddate.com. 1910 1911 # From Steffen Thorsen (2005-11-23): 1912 # A user from Gaza reported that Gaza made the change early because of 1913 # the Ramadan. Next year Ramadan will be even earlier, so I think 1914 # there is a good chance next year's end date will be around two weeks 1915 # earlier--the same goes for Jordan. 1916 1917 # From Steffen Thorsen (2006-08-17): 1918 # I was informed by a user in Bethlehem that in Bethlehem it started the 1919 # same day as Israel, and after checking with other users in the area, I 1920 # was informed that they started DST one day after Israel. I was not 1921 # able to find any authoritative sources at the time, nor details if 1922 # Gaza changed as well, but presumed Gaza to follow the same rules as 1923 # the West Bank. 1924 1925 # From Steffen Thorsen (2006-09-26): 1926 # according to the Palestine News Network (2006-09-19): 1927 # http://english.pnn.ps/index.php?option=com_content&task=view&id=596&Itemid=5 1928 # > The Council of Ministers announced that this year its winter schedule 1929 # > will begin early, as of midnight Thursday. It is also time to turn 1930 # > back the clocks for winter. Friday will begin an hour late this week. 1931 # I guess it is likely that next year's date will be moved as well, 1932 # because of the Ramadan. 1933 1934 # From Jesper Norgaard Welen (2007-09-18): 1935 # According to Steffen Thorsen's web site the Gaza Strip and the rest of the 1936 # Palestinian territories left DST early on 13.th. of September at 2:00. 1937 1938 # From Paul Eggert (2007-09-20): 1939 # My understanding is that Gaza and the West Bank disagree even over when 1940 # the weekend is (Thursday+Friday versus Friday+Saturday), so I'd be a bit 1941 # surprised if they agreed about DST. But for now, assume they agree. 1942 # For lack of better information, predict that future changes will be 1943 # the 2nd Thursday of September at 02:00. 1944 1945 # From Alexander Krivenyshev (2008-08-28): 1946 # Here is an article, that Mideast running on different clocks at Ramadan. 1947 # 1948 # Gaza Strip (as Egypt) ended DST at midnight Thursday (Aug 28, 2008), while 1949 # the West Bank will end Daylight Saving Time at midnight Sunday (Aug 31, 2008). 1950 # 1951 # <a href="http://www.guardian.co.uk/world/feedarticle/7759001"> 1952 # http://www.guardian.co.uk/world/feedarticle/7759001 1953 # </a> 1954 # <a href="http://www.abcnews.go.com/International/wireStory?id=5676087"> 1955 # http://www.abcnews.go.com/International/wireStory?id=5676087 1956 # </a> 1957 # or 1958 # <a href="http://www.worldtimezone.com/dst_news/dst_news_gazastrip01.html"> 1959 # http://www.worldtimezone.com/dst_news/dst_news_gazastrip01.html 1960 # </a> 1961 1962 # From Alexander Krivenyshev (2009-03-26): 1963 # According to the Palestine News Network (arabic.pnn.ps), Palestinian 1964 # government decided to start Daylight Time on Thursday night March 1965 # 26 and continue until the night of 27 September 2009. 1966 # 1967 # (in Arabic) 1968 # <a href="http://arabic.pnn.ps/index.php?option=com_content&task=view&id=50850"> 1969 # http://arabic.pnn.ps/index.php?option=com_content&task=view&id=50850 1970 # </a> 1971 # 1972 # or 1973 # (English translation) 1974 # <a href="http://www.worldtimezone.com/dst_news/dst_news_westbank01.html"> 1975 # http://www.worldtimezone.com/dst_news/dst_news_westbank01.html 1976 # </a> 1977 1978 # From Steffen Thorsen (2009-08-31): 1979 # Palestine's Council of Ministers announced that they will revert back to 1980 # winter time on Friday, 2009-09-04. 1981 # 1982 # One news source: 1983 # <a href="http://www.safa.ps/ara/?action=showdetail&seid=4158"> 1984 # http://www.safa.ps/ara/?action=showdetail&seid=4158 1985 # </a> 1986 # (Palestinian press agency, Arabic), 1987 # Google translate: "Decided that the Palestinian government in Ramallah 1988 # headed by Salam Fayyad, the start of work in time for the winter of 1989 # 2009, starting on Friday approved the fourth delay Sept. clock sixty 1990 # minutes per hour as of Friday morning." 1991 # 1992 # We are not sure if Gaza will do the same, last year they had a different 1993 # end date, we will keep this page updated: 1994 # <a href="http://www.timeanddate.com/news/time/westbank-gaza-dst-2009.html"> 1995 # http://www.timeanddate.com/news/time/westbank-gaza-dst-2009.html 1996 # </a> 1997 1998 # From Alexander Krivenyshev (2009-09-02): 1999 # Seems that Gaza Strip will go back to Winter Time same date as West Bank. 2000 # 2001 # According to Palestinian Ministry Of Interior, West Bank and Gaza Strip plan 2002 # to change time back to Standard time on September 4, 2009. 2003 # 2004 # "Winter time unite the West Bank and Gaza" 2005 # (from Palestinian National Authority): 2006 # <a href="http://www.moi.gov.ps/en/?page=633167343250594025&nid=11505 2007 # http://www.moi.gov.ps/en/?page=633167343250594025&nid=11505 2008 # </a> 2009 # or 2010 # <a href="http://www.worldtimezone.com/dst_news/dst_news_gazastrip02.html> 2011 # http://www.worldtimezone.com/dst_news/dst_news_gazastrip02.html 2012 # </a> 2013 2014 # The rules for Egypt are stolen from the `africa' file. 2015 # Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 2016 Rule EgyptAsia 1957 only - May 10 0:00 1:00 S 2017 Rule EgyptAsia 1957 1958 - Oct 1 0:00 0 - 2018 Rule EgyptAsia 1958 only - May 1 0:00 1:00 S 2019 Rule EgyptAsia 1959 1967 - May 1 1:00 1:00 S 2020 Rule EgyptAsia 1959 1965 - Sep 30 3:00 0 - 2021 Rule EgyptAsia 1966 only - Oct 1 3:00 0 - 2022 2023 Rule Palestine 1999 2005 - Apr Fri>=15 0:00 1:00 S 2024 Rule Palestine 1999 2003 - Oct Fri>=15 0:00 0 - 2025 Rule Palestine 2004 only - Oct 1 1:00 0 - 2026 Rule Palestine 2005 only - Oct 4 2:00 0 - 2027 Rule Palestine 2006 2008 - Apr 1 0:00 1:00 S 2028 Rule Palestine 2006 only - Sep 22 0:00 0 - 2029 Rule Palestine 2007 only - Sep Thu>=8 2:00 0 - 2030 Rule Palestine 2008 only - Aug lastFri 2:00 0 - 2031 Rule Palestine 2009 max - Mar lastFri 0:00 1:00 S 2032 Rule Palestine 2009 max - Sep Fri>=1 2:00 0 - 2033 2034 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 2035 Zone Asia/Gaza 2:17:52 - LMT 1900 Oct 2036 2:00 Zion EET 1948 May 15 2037 2:00 EgyptAsia EE%sT 1967 Jun 5 2038 2:00 Zion I%sT 1996 2039 2:00 Jordan EE%sT 1999 2040 2:00 Palestine EE%sT 2041 2042 # Paracel Is 2043 # no information 2044 2045 # Philippines 2046 # On 1844-08-16, Narciso Claveria, governor-general of the 2047 # Philippines, issued a proclamation announcing that 1844-12-30 was to 2048 # be immediately followed by 1845-01-01. Robert H. van Gent has a 2049 # transcript of the decree in <http://www.phys.uu.nl/~vgent/idl/idl.htm>. 2050 # The rest of the data are from Shanks & Pottenger. 2051 2052 # From Paul Eggert (2006-04-25): 2053 # Tomorrow's Manila Standard reports that the Philippines Department of 2054 # Trade and Industry is considering adopting DST this June when the 2055 # rainy season begins. See 2056 # <http://www.manilastandardtoday.com/?page=politics02_april26_2006>. 2057 # For now, we'll ignore this, since it's not definite and we lack details. 2058 # 2059 # From Jesper Norgaard Welen (2006-04-26): 2060 # ... claims that Philippines had DST last time in 1990: 2061 # http://story.philippinetimes.com/p.x/ct/9/id/145be20cc6b121c0/cid/3e5bbccc730d258c/ 2062 # [a story dated 2006-04-25 by Cris Larano of Dow Jones Newswires, 2063 # but no details] 2064 2065 # Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 2066 Rule Phil 1936 only - Nov 1 0:00 1:00 S 2067 Rule Phil 1937 only - Feb 1 0:00 0 - 2068 Rule Phil 1954 only - Apr 12 0:00 1:00 S 2069 Rule Phil 1954 only - Jul 1 0:00 0 - 2070 Rule Phil 1978 only - Mar 22 0:00 1:00 S 2071 Rule Phil 1978 only - Sep 21 0:00 0 - 2072 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 2073 Zone Asia/Manila -15:56:00 - LMT 1844 Dec 31 2074 8:04:00 - LMT 1899 May 11 2075 8:00 Phil PH%sT 1942 May 2076 9:00 - JST 1944 Nov 2077 8:00 Phil PH%sT 2078 2079 # Qatar 2080 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 2081 Zone Asia/Qatar 3:26:08 - LMT 1920 # Al Dawhah / Doha 2082 4:00 - GST 1972 Jun 2083 3:00 - AST 2084 2085 # Saudi Arabia 2086 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 2087 Zone Asia/Riyadh 3:06:52 - LMT 1950 2088 3:00 - AST 2089 2090 # Singapore 2091 # The data here are taken from Mok Ly Yng (2003-10-30) 2092 # <http://www.math.nus.edu.sg/aslaksen/teaching/timezone.html>. 2093 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 2094 Zone Asia/Singapore 6:55:25 - LMT 1901 Jan 1 2095 6:55:25 - SMT 1905 Jun 1 # Singapore M.T. 2096 7:00 - MALT 1933 Jan 1 # Malaya Time 2097 7:00 0:20 MALST 1936 Jan 1 2098 7:20 - MALT 1941 Sep 1 2099 7:30 - MALT 1942 Feb 16 2100 9:00 - JST 1945 Sep 12 2101 7:30 - MALT 1965 Aug 9 # independence 2102 7:30 - SGT 1982 Jan 1 # Singapore Time 2103 8:00 - SGT 2104 2105 # Spratly Is 2106 # no information 2107 2108 # Sri Lanka 2109 # From Paul Eggert (1996-09-03): 2110 # "Sri Lanka advances clock by an hour to avoid blackout" 2111 # (www.virtual-pc.com/lankaweb/news/items/240596-2.html, 1996-05-24, 2112 # no longer available as of 1999-08-17) 2113 # reported ``the country's standard time will be put forward by one hour at 2114 # midnight Friday (1830 GMT) `in the light of the present power crisis'.'' 2115 # 2116 # From Dharmasiri Senanayake, Sri Lanka Media Minister (1996-10-24), as quoted 2117 # by Shamindra in 2118 # <a href="news:54rka5$m5h (a] mtinsc01-mgt.ops.worldnet.att.net"> 2119 # Daily News - Hot News Section (1996-10-26) 2120 # </a>: 2121 # With effect from 12.30 a.m. on 26th October 1996 2122 # Sri Lanka will be six (06) hours ahead of GMT. 2123 2124 # From Jesper Norgaard Welen (2006-04-14), quoting Sri Lanka News Online 2125 # <http://news.sinhalaya.com/wmview.php?ArtID=11002> (2006-04-13): 2126 # 0030 hrs on April 15, 2006 (midnight of April 14, 2006 +30 minutes) 2127 # at present, become 2400 hours of April 14, 2006 (midnight of April 14, 2006). 2128 2129 # From Peter Apps and Ranga Sirila of Reuters (2006-04-12) in: 2130 # <http://today.reuters.co.uk/news/newsArticle.aspx?type=scienceNews&storyID=2006-04-12T172228Z_01_COL295762_RTRIDST_0_SCIENCE-SRILANKA-TIME-DC.XML> 2131 # [The Tamil Tigers] never accepted the original 1996 time change and simply 2132 # kept their clocks set five and a half hours ahead of Greenwich Mean 2133 # Time (GMT), in line with neighbor India. 2134 # From Paul Eggert (2006-04-18): 2135 # People who live in regions under Tamil control can use [TZ='Asia/Kolkata'], 2136 # as that zone has agreed with the Tamil areas since our cutoff date of 1970. 2137 2138 # From K Sethu (2006-04-25): 2139 # I think the abbreviation LKT originated from the world of computers at 2140 # the time of or subsequent to the time zone changes by SL Government 2141 # twice in 1996 and probably SL Government or its standardization 2142 # agencies never declared an abbreviation as a national standard. 2143 # 2144 # I recollect before the recent change the government annoucemments 2145 # mentioning it as simply changing Sri Lanka Standard Time or Sri Lanka 2146 # Time and no mention was made about the abbreviation. 2147 # 2148 # If we look at Sri Lanka Department of Government's "Official News 2149 # Website of Sri Lanka" ... http://www.news.lk/ we can see that they 2150 # use SLT as abbreviation in time stamp at the beginning of each news 2151 # item.... 2152 # 2153 # Within Sri Lanka I think LKT is well known among computer users and 2154 # adminsitrators. In my opinion SLT may not be a good choice because the 2155 # nation's largest telcom / internet operator Sri Lanka Telcom is well 2156 # known by that abbreviation - simply as SLT (there IP domains are 2157 # slt.lk and sltnet.lk). 2158 # 2159 # But if indeed our government has adopted SLT as standard abbreviation 2160 # (that we have not known so far) then it is better that it be used for 2161 # all computers. 2162 2163 # From Paul Eggert (2006-04-25): 2164 # One possibility is that we wait for a bit for the dust to settle down 2165 # and then see what people actually say in practice. 2166 2167 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 2168 Zone Asia/Colombo 5:19:24 - LMT 1880 2169 5:19:32 - MMT 1906 # Moratuwa Mean Time 2170 5:30 - IST 1942 Jan 5 2171 5:30 0:30 IHST 1942 Sep 2172 5:30 1:00 IST 1945 Oct 16 2:00 2173 5:30 - IST 1996 May 25 0:00 2174 6:30 - LKT 1996 Oct 26 0:30 2175 6:00 - LKT 2006 Apr 15 0:30 2176 5:30 - IST 2177 2178 # Syria 2179 # Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 2180 Rule Syria 1920 1923 - Apr Sun>=15 2:00 1:00 S 2181 Rule Syria 1920 1923 - Oct Sun>=1 2:00 0 - 2182 Rule Syria 1962 only - Apr 29 2:00 1:00 S 2183 Rule Syria 1962 only - Oct 1 2:00 0 - 2184 Rule Syria 1963 1965 - May 1 2:00 1:00 S 2185 Rule Syria 1963 only - Sep 30 2:00 0 - 2186 Rule Syria 1964 only - Oct 1 2:00 0 - 2187 Rule Syria 1965 only - Sep 30 2:00 0 - 2188 Rule Syria 1966 only - Apr 24 2:00 1:00 S 2189 Rule Syria 1966 1976 - Oct 1 2:00 0 - 2190 Rule Syria 1967 1978 - May 1 2:00 1:00 S 2191 Rule Syria 1977 1978 - Sep 1 2:00 0 - 2192 Rule Syria 1983 1984 - Apr 9 2:00 1:00 S 2193 Rule Syria 1983 1984 - Oct 1 2:00 0 - 2194 Rule Syria 1986 only - Feb 16 2:00 1:00 S 2195 Rule Syria 1986 only - Oct 9 2:00 0 - 2196 Rule Syria 1987 only - Mar 1 2:00 1:00 S 2197 Rule Syria 1987 1988 - Oct 31 2:00 0 - 2198 Rule Syria 1988 only - Mar 15 2:00 1:00 S 2199 Rule Syria 1989 only - Mar 31 2:00 1:00 S 2200 Rule Syria 1989 only - Oct 1 2:00 0 - 2201 Rule Syria 1990 only - Apr 1 2:00 1:00 S 2202 Rule Syria 1990 only - Sep 30 2:00 0 - 2203 Rule Syria 1991 only - Apr 1 0:00 1:00 S 2204 Rule Syria 1991 1992 - Oct 1 0:00 0 - 2205 Rule Syria 1992 only - Apr 8 0:00 1:00 S 2206 Rule Syria 1993 only - Mar 26 0:00 1:00 S 2207 Rule Syria 1993 only - Sep 25 0:00 0 - 2208 # IATA SSIM (1998-02) says 1998-04-02; 2209 # (1998-09) says 1999-03-29 and 1999-09-29; (1999-02) says 1999-04-02, 2210 # 2000-04-02, and 2001-04-02; (1999-09) says 2000-03-31 and 2001-03-31; 2211 # (2006) says 2006-03-31 and 2006-09-22; 2212 # for now ignore all these claims and go with Shanks & Pottenger, 2213 # except for the 2006-09-22 claim (which seems right for Ramadan). 2214 Rule Syria 1994 1996 - Apr 1 0:00 1:00 S 2215 Rule Syria 1994 2005 - Oct 1 0:00 0 - 2216 Rule Syria 1997 1998 - Mar lastMon 0:00 1:00 S 2217 Rule Syria 1999 2006 - Apr 1 0:00 1:00 S 2218 # From Stephen Colebourne (2006-09-18): 2219 # According to IATA data, Syria will change DST on 21st September [21:00 UTC] 2220 # this year [only].... This is probably related to Ramadan, like Egypt. 2221 Rule Syria 2006 only - Sep 22 0:00 0 - 2222 # From Paul Eggert (2007-03-29): 2223 # Today the AP reported "Syria will switch to summertime at midnight Thursday." 2224 # http://www.iht.com/articles/ap/2007/03/29/africa/ME-GEN-Syria-Time-Change.php 2225 Rule Syria 2007 only - Mar lastFri 0:00 1:00 S 2226 # From Jesper Norgard (2007-10-27): 2227 # The sister center ICARDA of my work CIMMYT is confirming that Syria DST will 2228 # not take place 1.st November at 0:00 o'clock but 1.st November at 24:00 or 2229 # rather Midnight between Thursday and Friday. This does make more sence than 2230 # having it between Wednesday and Thursday (two workdays in Syria) since the 2231 # weekend in Syria is not Saturday and Sunday, but Friday and Saturday. So now 2232 # it is implemented at midnight of the last workday before weekend... 2233 # 2234 # From Steffen Thorsen (2007-10-27): 2235 # Jesper Norgaard Welen wrote: 2236 # 2237 # > "Winter local time in Syria will be observed at midnight of Thursday 1 2238 # > November 2007, and the clock will be put back 1 hour." 2239 # 2240 # I found confirmation on this in this gov.sy-article (Arabic): 2241 # http://wehda.alwehda.gov.sy/_print_veiw.asp?FileName=12521710520070926111247 2242 # 2243 # which using Google's translate tools says: 2244 # Council of Ministers also approved the commencement of work on 2245 # identifying the winter time as of Friday, 2/11/2007 where the 60th 2246 # minute delay at midnight Thursday 1/11/2007. 2247 Rule Syria 2007 only - Nov Fri>=1 0:00 0 - 2248 2249 # From Stephen Colebourne (2008-03-17): 2250 # For everyone's info, I saw an IATA time zone change for [Syria] for 2251 # this month (March 2008) in the last day or so...This is the data IATA 2252 # are now using: 2253 # Country Time Standard --- DST Start --- --- DST End --- DST 2254 # Name Zone Variation Time Date Time Date 2255 # Variation 2256 # Syrian Arab 2257 # Republic SY +0200 2200 03APR08 2100 30SEP08 +0300 2258 # 2200 02APR09 2100 30SEP09 +0300 2259 # 2200 01APR10 2100 30SEP10 +0300 2260 2261 # From Arthur David Olson (2008-03-17): 2262 # Here's a link to English-language coverage by the Syrian Arab News 2263 # Agency (SANA)... 2264 # <a href="http://www.sana.sy/eng/21/2008/03/11/165173.htm"> 2265 # http://www.sana.sy/eng/21/2008/03/11/165173.htm 2266 # </a>...which reads (in part) "The Cabinet approved the suggestion of the 2267 # Ministry of Electricity to begin daylight savings time on Friday April 2268 # 4th, advancing clocks one hour ahead on midnight of Thursday April 3rd." 2269 # Since Syria is two hours east of UTC, the 2200 and 2100 transition times 2270 # shown above match up with midnight in Syria. 2271 2272 # From Arthur David Olson (2008-03-18): 2273 # My buest guess at a Syrian rule is "the Friday nearest April 1"; 2274 # coding that involves either using a "Mar Fri>=29" construct that old time zone 2275 # compilers can't handle or having multiple Rules (a la Israel). 2276 # For now, use "Apr Fri>=1", and go with IATA on a uniform Sep 30 end. 2277 2278 # From Steffen Thorsen (2008-10-07): 2279 # Syria has now officially decided to end DST on 2008-11-01 this year, 2280 # according to the following article in the Syrian Arab News Agency (SANA). 2281 # 2282 # The article is in Arabic, and seems to tell that they will go back to 2283 # winter time on 2008-11-01 at 00:00 local daylight time (delaying/setting 2284 # clocks back 60 minutes). 2285 # 2286 # <a href="http://sana.sy/ara/2/2008/10/07/195459.htm"> 2287 # http://sana.sy/ara/2/2008/10/07/195459.htm 2288 # </a> 2289 2290 # From Steffen Thorsen (2009-03-19): 2291 # Syria will start DST on 2009-03-27 00:00 this year according to many sources, 2292 # two examples: 2293 # 2294 # <a href="http://www.sana.sy/eng/21/2009/03/17/217563.htm"> 2295 # http://www.sana.sy/eng/21/2009/03/17/217563.htm 2296 # </a> 2297 # (English, Syrian Arab News # Agency) 2298 # <a href="http://thawra.alwehda.gov.sy/_View_news2.asp?FileName=94459258720090318012209"> 2299 # http://thawra.alwehda.gov.sy/_View_news2.asp?FileName=94459258720090318012209 2300 # </a> 2301 # (Arabic, gov-site) 2302 # 2303 # We have not found any sources saying anything about when DST ends this year. 2304 # 2305 # Our summary 2306 # <a href="http://www.timeanddate.com/news/time/syria-dst-starts-march-27-2009.html"> 2307 # http://www.timeanddate.com/news/time/syria-dst-starts-march-27-2009.html 2308 # </a> 2309 2310 # From Steffen Thorsen (2009-10-27): 2311 # The Syrian Arab News Network on 2009-09-29 reported that Syria will 2312 # revert back to winter (standard) time on midnight between Thursday 2313 # 2009-10-29 and Friday 2009-10-30: 2314 # <a href="http://www.sana.sy/ara/2/2009/09/29/247012.htm"> 2315 # http://www.sana.sy/ara/2/2009/09/29/247012.htm (Arabic) 2316 # </a> 2317 2318 # From Arthur David Olson (2009-10-28): 2319 # We'll see if future DST switching times turn out to be end of the last 2320 # Thursday of the month or the start of the last Friday of the month or 2321 # something else. For now, use the start of the last Friday. 2322 2323 Rule Syria 2008 only - Apr Fri>=1 0:00 1:00 S 2324 Rule Syria 2008 only - Nov 1 0:00 0 - 2325 Rule Syria 2009 max - Mar lastFri 0:00 1:00 S 2326 Rule Syria 2009 max - Oct lastFri 0:00 0 - 2327 2328 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 2329 Zone Asia/Damascus 2:25:12 - LMT 1920 # Dimashq 2330 2:00 Syria EE%sT 2331 2332 # Tajikistan 2333 # From Shanks & Pottenger. 2334 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 2335 Zone Asia/Dushanbe 4:35:12 - LMT 1924 May 2 2336 5:00 - DUST 1930 Jun 21 # Dushanbe Time 2337 6:00 RussiaAsia DUS%sT 1991 Mar 31 2:00s 2338 5:00 1:00 DUSST 1991 Sep 9 2:00s 2339 5:00 - TJT # Tajikistan Time 2340 2341 # Thailand 2342 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 2343 Zone Asia/Bangkok 6:42:04 - LMT 1880 2344 6:42:04 - BMT 1920 Apr # Bangkok Mean Time 2345 7:00 - ICT 2346 2347 # Turkmenistan 2348 # From Shanks & Pottenger. 2349 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 2350 Zone Asia/Ashgabat 3:53:32 - LMT 1924 May 2 # or Ashkhabad 2351 4:00 - ASHT 1930 Jun 21 # Ashkhabad Time 2352 5:00 RussiaAsia ASH%sT 1991 Mar 31 2:00 2353 4:00 RussiaAsia ASH%sT 1991 Oct 27 # independence 2354 4:00 RussiaAsia TM%sT 1992 Jan 19 2:00 2355 5:00 - TMT 2356 2357 # United Arab Emirates 2358 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 2359 Zone Asia/Dubai 3:41:12 - LMT 1920 2360 4:00 - GST 2361 2362 # Uzbekistan 2363 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 2364 Zone Asia/Samarkand 4:27:12 - LMT 1924 May 2 2365 4:00 - SAMT 1930 Jun 21 # Samarkand Time 2366 5:00 - SAMT 1981 Apr 1 2367 5:00 1:00 SAMST 1981 Oct 1 2368 6:00 - TAST 1982 Apr 1 # Tashkent Time 2369 5:00 RussiaAsia SAM%sT 1991 Sep 1 # independence 2370 5:00 RussiaAsia UZ%sT 1992 2371 5:00 - UZT 2372 Zone Asia/Tashkent 4:37:12 - LMT 1924 May 2 2373 5:00 - TAST 1930 Jun 21 # Tashkent Time 2374 6:00 RussiaAsia TAS%sT 1991 Mar 31 2:00 2375 5:00 RussiaAsia TAS%sT 1991 Sep 1 # independence 2376 5:00 RussiaAsia UZ%sT 1992 2377 5:00 - UZT 2378 2379 # Vietnam 2380 2381 # From Arthur David Olson (2008-03-18): 2382 # The English-language name of Vietnam's most populous city is "Ho Chi Min City"; 2383 # we use Ho_Chi_Minh below to avoid a name of more than 14 characters. 2384 2385 # From Shanks & Pottenger: 2386 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 2387 Zone Asia/Ho_Chi_Minh 7:06:40 - LMT 1906 Jun 9 2388 7:06:20 - SMT 1911 Mar 11 0:01 # Saigon MT? 2389 7:00 - ICT 1912 May 2390 8:00 - ICT 1931 May 2391 7:00 - ICT 2392 2393 # Yemen 2394 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 2395 Zone Asia/Aden 3:00:48 - LMT 1950 2396 3:00 - AST 2397
