1 # <pre> 2 # @(#)australasia 8.15 3 # This file is in the public domain, so clarified as of 4 # 2009-05-17 by Arthur David Olson. 5 6 # This file also includes Pacific islands. 7 8 # Notes are at the end of this file 9 10 ############################################################################### 11 12 # Australia 13 14 # Please see the notes below for the controversy about "EST" versus "AEST" etc. 15 16 # Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 17 Rule Aus 1917 only - Jan 1 0:01 1:00 - 18 Rule Aus 1917 only - Mar 25 2:00 0 - 19 Rule Aus 1942 only - Jan 1 2:00 1:00 - 20 Rule Aus 1942 only - Mar 29 2:00 0 - 21 Rule Aus 1942 only - Sep 27 2:00 1:00 - 22 Rule Aus 1943 1944 - Mar lastSun 2:00 0 - 23 Rule Aus 1943 only - Oct 3 2:00 1:00 - 24 # Go with Whitman and the Australian National Standards Commission, which 25 # says W Australia didn't use DST in 1943/1944. Ignore Whitman's claim that 26 # 1944/1945 was just like 1943/1944. 27 28 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 29 # Northern Territory 30 Zone Australia/Darwin 8:43:20 - LMT 1895 Feb 31 9:00 - CST 1899 May 32 9:30 Aus CST 33 # Western Australia 34 # 35 # Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 36 Rule AW 1974 only - Oct lastSun 2:00s 1:00 - 37 Rule AW 1975 only - Mar Sun>=1 2:00s 0 - 38 Rule AW 1983 only - Oct lastSun 2:00s 1:00 - 39 Rule AW 1984 only - Mar Sun>=1 2:00s 0 - 40 Rule AW 1991 only - Nov 17 2:00s 1:00 - 41 Rule AW 1992 only - Mar Sun>=1 2:00s 0 - 42 Rule AW 2006 only - Dec 3 2:00s 1:00 - 43 Rule AW 2007 2009 - Mar lastSun 2:00s 0 - 44 Rule AW 2007 2008 - Oct lastSun 2:00s 1:00 - 45 Zone Australia/Perth 7:43:24 - LMT 1895 Dec 46 8:00 Aus WST 1943 Jul 47 8:00 AW WST 48 Zone Australia/Eucla 8:35:28 - LMT 1895 Dec 49 8:45 Aus CWST 1943 Jul 50 8:45 AW CWST 51 52 # Queensland 53 # 54 # From Alex Livingston (1996-11-01): 55 # I have heard or read more than once that some resort islands off the coast 56 # of Queensland chose to keep observing daylight-saving time even after 57 # Queensland ceased to. 58 # 59 # From Paul Eggert (1996-11-22): 60 # IATA SSIM (1993-02/1994-09) say that the Holiday Islands (Hayman, Lindeman, 61 # Hamilton) observed DST for two years after the rest of Queensland stopped. 62 # Hamilton is the largest, but there is also a Hamilton in Victoria, 63 # so use Lindeman. 64 # 65 # Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 66 Rule AQ 1971 only - Oct lastSun 2:00s 1:00 - 67 Rule AQ 1972 only - Feb lastSun 2:00s 0 - 68 Rule AQ 1989 1991 - Oct lastSun 2:00s 1:00 - 69 Rule AQ 1990 1992 - Mar Sun>=1 2:00s 0 - 70 Rule Holiday 1992 1993 - Oct lastSun 2:00s 1:00 - 71 Rule Holiday 1993 1994 - Mar Sun>=1 2:00s 0 - 72 Zone Australia/Brisbane 10:12:08 - LMT 1895 73 10:00 Aus EST 1971 74 10:00 AQ EST 75 Zone Australia/Lindeman 9:55:56 - LMT 1895 76 10:00 Aus EST 1971 77 10:00 AQ EST 1992 Jul 78 10:00 Holiday EST 79 80 # South Australia 81 # Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 82 Rule AS 1971 1985 - Oct lastSun 2:00s 1:00 - 83 Rule AS 1986 only - Oct 19 2:00s 1:00 - 84 Rule AS 1987 2007 - Oct lastSun 2:00s 1:00 - 85 Rule AS 1972 only - Feb 27 2:00s 0 - 86 Rule AS 1973 1985 - Mar Sun>=1 2:00s 0 - 87 Rule AS 1986 1989 - Mar Sun>=15 2:00s 0 - 88 Rule AS 1990 only - Mar Sun>=18 2:00s 0 - 89 Rule AS 1991 only - Mar Sun>=1 2:00s 0 - 90 Rule AS 1992 only - Mar Sun>=18 2:00s 0 - 91 Rule AS 1993 only - Mar Sun>=1 2:00s 0 - 92 Rule AS 1994 only - Mar Sun>=18 2:00s 0 - 93 Rule AS 1995 2005 - Mar lastSun 2:00s 0 - 94 Rule AS 2006 only - Apr Sun>=1 2:00s 0 - 95 Rule AS 2007 only - Mar lastSun 2:00s 0 - 96 Rule AS 2008 max - Apr Sun>=1 2:00s 0 - 97 Rule AS 2008 max - Oct Sun>=1 2:00s 1:00 - 98 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 99 Zone Australia/Adelaide 9:14:20 - LMT 1895 Feb 100 9:00 - CST 1899 May 101 9:30 Aus CST 1971 102 9:30 AS CST 103 104 # Tasmania 105 # 106 # From Paul Eggert (2005-08-16): 107 # <http://www.bom.gov.au/climate/averages/tables/dst_times.shtml> 108 # says King Island didn't observe DST from WWII until late 1971. 109 # 110 # Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 111 Rule AT 1967 only - Oct Sun>=1 2:00s 1:00 - 112 Rule AT 1968 only - Mar lastSun 2:00s 0 - 113 Rule AT 1968 1985 - Oct lastSun 2:00s 1:00 - 114 Rule AT 1969 1971 - Mar Sun>=8 2:00s 0 - 115 Rule AT 1972 only - Feb lastSun 2:00s 0 - 116 Rule AT 1973 1981 - Mar Sun>=1 2:00s 0 - 117 Rule AT 1982 1983 - Mar lastSun 2:00s 0 - 118 Rule AT 1984 1986 - Mar Sun>=1 2:00s 0 - 119 Rule AT 1986 only - Oct Sun>=15 2:00s 1:00 - 120 Rule AT 1987 1990 - Mar Sun>=15 2:00s 0 - 121 Rule AT 1987 only - Oct Sun>=22 2:00s 1:00 - 122 Rule AT 1988 1990 - Oct lastSun 2:00s 1:00 - 123 Rule AT 1991 1999 - Oct Sun>=1 2:00s 1:00 - 124 Rule AT 1991 2005 - Mar lastSun 2:00s 0 - 125 Rule AT 2000 only - Aug lastSun 2:00s 1:00 - 126 Rule AT 2001 max - Oct Sun>=1 2:00s 1:00 - 127 Rule AT 2006 only - Apr Sun>=1 2:00s 0 - 128 Rule AT 2007 only - Mar lastSun 2:00s 0 - 129 Rule AT 2008 max - Apr Sun>=1 2:00s 0 - 130 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 131 Zone Australia/Hobart 9:49:16 - LMT 1895 Sep 132 10:00 - EST 1916 Oct 1 2:00 133 10:00 1:00 EST 1917 Feb 134 10:00 Aus EST 1967 135 10:00 AT EST 136 Zone Australia/Currie 9:35:28 - LMT 1895 Sep 137 10:00 - EST 1916 Oct 1 2:00 138 10:00 1:00 EST 1917 Feb 139 10:00 Aus EST 1971 Jul 140 10:00 AT EST 141 142 # Victoria 143 # Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 144 Rule AV 1971 1985 - Oct lastSun 2:00s 1:00 - 145 Rule AV 1972 only - Feb lastSun 2:00s 0 - 146 Rule AV 1973 1985 - Mar Sun>=1 2:00s 0 - 147 Rule AV 1986 1990 - Mar Sun>=15 2:00s 0 - 148 Rule AV 1986 1987 - Oct Sun>=15 2:00s 1:00 - 149 Rule AV 1988 1999 - Oct lastSun 2:00s 1:00 - 150 Rule AV 1991 1994 - Mar Sun>=1 2:00s 0 - 151 Rule AV 1995 2005 - Mar lastSun 2:00s 0 - 152 Rule AV 2000 only - Aug lastSun 2:00s 1:00 - 153 Rule AV 2001 2007 - Oct lastSun 2:00s 1:00 - 154 Rule AV 2006 only - Apr Sun>=1 2:00s 0 - 155 Rule AV 2007 only - Mar lastSun 2:00s 0 - 156 Rule AV 2008 max - Apr Sun>=1 2:00s 0 - 157 Rule AV 2008 max - Oct Sun>=1 2:00s 1:00 - 158 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 159 Zone Australia/Melbourne 9:39:52 - LMT 1895 Feb 160 10:00 Aus EST 1971 161 10:00 AV EST 162 163 # New South Wales 164 # Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 165 Rule AN 1971 1985 - Oct lastSun 2:00s 1:00 - 166 Rule AN 1972 only - Feb 27 2:00s 0 - 167 Rule AN 1973 1981 - Mar Sun>=1 2:00s 0 - 168 Rule AN 1982 only - Apr Sun>=1 2:00s 0 - 169 Rule AN 1983 1985 - Mar Sun>=1 2:00s 0 - 170 Rule AN 1986 1989 - Mar Sun>=15 2:00s 0 - 171 Rule AN 1986 only - Oct 19 2:00s 1:00 - 172 Rule AN 1987 1999 - Oct lastSun 2:00s 1:00 - 173 Rule AN 1990 1995 - Mar Sun>=1 2:00s 0 - 174 Rule AN 1996 2005 - Mar lastSun 2:00s 0 - 175 Rule AN 2000 only - Aug lastSun 2:00s 1:00 - 176 Rule AN 2001 2007 - Oct lastSun 2:00s 1:00 - 177 Rule AN 2006 only - Apr Sun>=1 2:00s 0 - 178 Rule AN 2007 only - Mar lastSun 2:00s 0 - 179 Rule AN 2008 max - Apr Sun>=1 2:00s 0 - 180 Rule AN 2008 max - Oct Sun>=1 2:00s 1:00 - 181 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 182 Zone Australia/Sydney 10:04:52 - LMT 1895 Feb 183 10:00 Aus EST 1971 184 10:00 AN EST 185 Zone Australia/Broken_Hill 9:25:48 - LMT 1895 Feb 186 10:00 - EST 1896 Aug 23 187 9:00 - CST 1899 May 188 9:30 Aus CST 1971 189 9:30 AN CST 2000 190 9:30 AS CST 191 192 # Lord Howe Island 193 # Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 194 Rule LH 1981 1984 - Oct lastSun 2:00 1:00 - 195 Rule LH 1982 1985 - Mar Sun>=1 2:00 0 - 196 Rule LH 1985 only - Oct lastSun 2:00 0:30 - 197 Rule LH 1986 1989 - Mar Sun>=15 2:00 0 - 198 Rule LH 1986 only - Oct 19 2:00 0:30 - 199 Rule LH 1987 1999 - Oct lastSun 2:00 0:30 - 200 Rule LH 1990 1995 - Mar Sun>=1 2:00 0 - 201 Rule LH 1996 2005 - Mar lastSun 2:00 0 - 202 Rule LH 2000 only - Aug lastSun 2:00 0:30 - 203 Rule LH 2001 2007 - Oct lastSun 2:00 0:30 - 204 Rule LH 2006 only - Apr Sun>=1 2:00 0 - 205 Rule LH 2007 only - Mar lastSun 2:00 0 - 206 Rule LH 2008 max - Apr Sun>=1 2:00 0 - 207 Rule LH 2008 max - Oct Sun>=1 2:00 0:30 - 208 Zone Australia/Lord_Howe 10:36:20 - LMT 1895 Feb 209 10:00 - EST 1981 Mar 210 10:30 LH LHST 211 212 # Australian miscellany 213 # 214 # Ashmore Is, Cartier 215 # no indigenous inhabitants; only seasonal caretakers 216 # no times are set 217 # 218 # Coral Sea Is 219 # no indigenous inhabitants; only meteorologists 220 # no times are set 221 # 222 # Macquarie 223 # permanent occupation (scientific station) since 1948; 224 # sealing and penguin oil station operated 1888/1917 225 # like Australia/Hobart 226 227 # Christmas 228 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 229 Zone Indian/Christmas 7:02:52 - LMT 1895 Feb 230 7:00 - CXT # Christmas Island Time 231 232 # Cook Is 233 # From Shanks & Pottenger: 234 # Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 235 Rule Cook 1978 only - Nov 12 0:00 0:30 HS 236 Rule Cook 1979 1991 - Mar Sun>=1 0:00 0 - 237 Rule Cook 1979 1990 - Oct lastSun 0:00 0:30 HS 238 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 239 Zone Pacific/Rarotonga -10:39:04 - LMT 1901 # Avarua 240 -10:30 - CKT 1978 Nov 12 # Cook Is Time 241 -10:00 Cook CK%sT 242 243 # Cocos 244 # These islands were ruled by the Ross family from about 1830 to 1978. 245 # We don't know when standard time was introduced; for now, we guess 1900. 246 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 247 Zone Indian/Cocos 6:27:40 - LMT 1900 248 6:30 - CCT # Cocos Islands Time 249 250 # Fiji 251 # From Alexander Krivenyshev (2009-11-10): 252 # According to Fiji Broadcasting Corporation, Fiji plans to re-introduce DST 253 # from November 29th 2009 to April 25th 2010. 254 # 255 # "Daylight savings to commence this month" 256 # <a href="http://www.radiofiji.com.fj/fullstory.php?id=23719"> 257 # http://www.radiofiji.com.fj/fullstory.php?id=23719 258 # </a> 259 # or 260 # <a href="http://www.worldtimezone.com/dst_news/dst_news_fiji01.html"> 261 # http://www.worldtimezone.com/dst_news/dst_news_fiji01.html 262 # </a> 263 264 # From Steffen Thorsen (2009-11-10): 265 # The Fiji Government has posted some more details about the approved 266 # amendments: 267 # <a href="http://www.fiji.gov.fj/publish/page_16198.shtml"> 268 # http://www.fiji.gov.fj/publish/page_16198.shtml 269 # </a> 270 # Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 271 Rule Fiji 1998 1999 - Nov Sun>=1 2:00 1:00 S 272 Rule Fiji 1999 2000 - Feb lastSun 3:00 0 - 273 Rule Fiji 2009 only - Nov 29 2:00 1:00 S 274 Rule Fiji 2010 only - Apr 25 3:00 0 - 275 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 276 Zone Pacific/Fiji 11:53:40 - LMT 1915 Oct 26 # Suva 277 12:00 Fiji FJ%sT # Fiji Time 278 279 # French Polynesia 280 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 281 Zone Pacific/Gambier -8:59:48 - LMT 1912 Oct # Rikitea 282 -9:00 - GAMT # Gambier Time 283 Zone Pacific/Marquesas -9:18:00 - LMT 1912 Oct 284 -9:30 - MART # Marquesas Time 285 Zone Pacific/Tahiti -9:58:16 - LMT 1912 Oct # Papeete 286 -10:00 - TAHT # Tahiti Time 287 # Clipperton (near North America) is administered from French Polynesia; 288 # it is uninhabited. 289 290 # Guam 291 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 292 Zone Pacific/Guam -14:21:00 - LMT 1844 Dec 31 293 9:39:00 - LMT 1901 # Agana 294 10:00 - GST 2000 Dec 23 # Guam 295 10:00 - ChST # Chamorro Standard Time 296 297 # Kiribati 298 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 299 Zone Pacific/Tarawa 11:32:04 - LMT 1901 # Bairiki 300 12:00 - GILT # Gilbert Is Time 301 Zone Pacific/Enderbury -11:24:20 - LMT 1901 302 -12:00 - PHOT 1979 Oct # Phoenix Is Time 303 -11:00 - PHOT 1995 304 13:00 - PHOT 305 Zone Pacific/Kiritimati -10:29:20 - LMT 1901 306 -10:40 - LINT 1979 Oct # Line Is Time 307 -10:00 - LINT 1995 308 14:00 - LINT 309 310 # N Mariana Is 311 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 312 Zone Pacific/Saipan -14:17:00 - LMT 1844 Dec 31 313 9:43:00 - LMT 1901 314 9:00 - MPT 1969 Oct # N Mariana Is Time 315 10:00 - MPT 2000 Dec 23 316 10:00 - ChST # Chamorro Standard Time 317 318 # Marshall Is 319 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 320 Zone Pacific/Majuro 11:24:48 - LMT 1901 321 11:00 - MHT 1969 Oct # Marshall Islands Time 322 12:00 - MHT 323 Zone Pacific/Kwajalein 11:09:20 - LMT 1901 324 11:00 - MHT 1969 Oct 325 -12:00 - KWAT 1993 Aug 20 # Kwajalein Time 326 12:00 - MHT 327 328 # Micronesia 329 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 330 Zone Pacific/Truk 10:07:08 - LMT 1901 331 10:00 - TRUT # Truk Time 332 Zone Pacific/Ponape 10:32:52 - LMT 1901 # Kolonia 333 11:00 - PONT # Ponape Time 334 Zone Pacific/Kosrae 10:51:56 - LMT 1901 335 11:00 - KOST 1969 Oct # Kosrae Time 336 12:00 - KOST 1999 337 11:00 - KOST 338 339 # Nauru 340 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 341 Zone Pacific/Nauru 11:07:40 - LMT 1921 Jan 15 # Uaobe 342 11:30 - NRT 1942 Mar 15 # Nauru Time 343 9:00 - JST 1944 Aug 15 344 11:30 - NRT 1979 May 345 12:00 - NRT 346 347 # New Caledonia 348 # Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 349 Rule NC 1977 1978 - Dec Sun>=1 0:00 1:00 S 350 Rule NC 1978 1979 - Feb 27 0:00 0 - 351 Rule NC 1996 only - Dec 1 2:00s 1:00 S 352 # Shanks & Pottenger say the following was at 2:00; go with IATA. 353 Rule NC 1997 only - Mar 2 2:00s 0 - 354 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 355 Zone Pacific/Noumea 11:05:48 - LMT 1912 Jan 13 356 11:00 NC NC%sT 357 358 359 ############################################################################### 360 361 # New Zealand 362 363 # Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 364 Rule NZ 1927 only - Nov 6 2:00 1:00 S 365 Rule NZ 1928 only - Mar 4 2:00 0 M 366 Rule NZ 1928 1933 - Oct Sun>=8 2:00 0:30 S 367 Rule NZ 1929 1933 - Mar Sun>=15 2:00 0 M 368 Rule NZ 1934 1940 - Apr lastSun 2:00 0 M 369 Rule NZ 1934 1940 - Sep lastSun 2:00 0:30 S 370 Rule NZ 1946 only - Jan 1 0:00 0 S 371 # Since 1957 Chatham has been 45 minutes ahead of NZ, but there's no 372 # convenient notation for this so we must duplicate the Rule lines. 373 Rule NZ 1974 only - Nov Sun>=1 2:00s 1:00 D 374 Rule Chatham 1974 only - Nov Sun>=1 2:45s 1:00 D 375 Rule NZ 1975 only - Feb lastSun 2:00s 0 S 376 Rule Chatham 1975 only - Feb lastSun 2:45s 0 S 377 Rule NZ 1975 1988 - Oct lastSun 2:00s 1:00 D 378 Rule Chatham 1975 1988 - Oct lastSun 2:45s 1:00 D 379 Rule NZ 1976 1989 - Mar Sun>=1 2:00s 0 S 380 Rule Chatham 1976 1989 - Mar Sun>=1 2:45s 0 S 381 Rule NZ 1989 only - Oct Sun>=8 2:00s 1:00 D 382 Rule Chatham 1989 only - Oct Sun>=8 2:45s 1:00 D 383 Rule NZ 1990 2006 - Oct Sun>=1 2:00s 1:00 D 384 Rule Chatham 1990 2006 - Oct Sun>=1 2:45s 1:00 D 385 Rule NZ 1990 2007 - Mar Sun>=15 2:00s 0 S 386 Rule Chatham 1990 2007 - Mar Sun>=15 2:45s 0 S 387 Rule NZ 2007 max - Sep lastSun 2:00s 1:00 D 388 Rule Chatham 2007 max - Sep lastSun 2:45s 1:00 D 389 Rule NZ 2008 max - Apr Sun>=1 2:00s 0 S 390 Rule Chatham 2008 max - Apr Sun>=1 2:45s 0 S 391 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 392 Zone Pacific/Auckland 11:39:04 - LMT 1868 Nov 2 393 11:30 NZ NZ%sT 1946 Jan 1 394 12:00 NZ NZ%sT 395 Zone Pacific/Chatham 12:13:48 - LMT 1957 Jan 1 396 12:45 Chatham CHA%sT 397 398 399 # Auckland Is 400 # uninhabited; Maori and Moriori, colonial settlers, pastoralists, sealers, 401 # and scientific personnel have wintered 402 403 # Campbell I 404 # minor whaling stations operated 1909/1914 405 # scientific station operated 1941/1995; 406 # previously whalers, sealers, pastoralists, and scientific personnel wintered 407 # was probably like Pacific/Auckland 408 409 ############################################################################### 410 411 412 # Niue 413 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 414 Zone Pacific/Niue -11:19:40 - LMT 1901 # Alofi 415 -11:20 - NUT 1951 # Niue Time 416 -11:30 - NUT 1978 Oct 1 417 -11:00 - NUT 418 419 # Norfolk 420 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 421 Zone Pacific/Norfolk 11:11:52 - LMT 1901 # Kingston 422 11:12 - NMT 1951 # Norfolk Mean Time 423 11:30 - NFT # Norfolk Time 424 425 # Palau (Belau) 426 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 427 Zone Pacific/Palau 8:57:56 - LMT 1901 # Koror 428 9:00 - PWT # Palau Time 429 430 # Papua New Guinea 431 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 432 Zone Pacific/Port_Moresby 9:48:40 - LMT 1880 433 9:48:32 - PMMT 1895 # Port Moresby Mean Time 434 10:00 - PGT # Papua New Guinea Time 435 436 # Pitcairn 437 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 438 Zone Pacific/Pitcairn -8:40:20 - LMT 1901 # Adamstown 439 -8:30 - PNT 1998 Apr 27 00:00 440 -8:00 - PST # Pitcairn Standard Time 441 442 # American Samoa 443 Zone Pacific/Pago_Pago 12:37:12 - LMT 1879 Jul 5 444 -11:22:48 - LMT 1911 445 -11:30 - SAMT 1950 # Samoa Time 446 -11:00 - NST 1967 Apr # N=Nome 447 -11:00 - BST 1983 Nov 30 # B=Bering 448 -11:00 - SST # S=Samoa 449 450 # Samoa 451 452 # From Alexander Krivenyshev (2008-12-06): 453 # The Samoa government (Western Samoa) may implement DST on the first Sunday of 454 # October 2009 (October 4, 2009) until the last Sunday of March 2010 (March 28, 455 # 2010). 456 # 457 # "Selected Committee reports to Cabinet on Daylight Saving Time", 458 # Government of Samoa: 459 # <a href="http://www.govt.ws/pr_article.cfm?pr_id=560"> 460 # http://www.govt.ws/pr_article.cfm?pr_id=560 461 # </a> 462 # or 463 # <a href="http://www.worldtimezone.com/dst_news/dst_news_samoa01.html"> 464 # http://www.worldtimezone.com/dst_news/dst_news_samoa01.html 465 # </a> 466 467 # From Steffen Thorsen (2009-08-27): 468 # Samoa's parliament passed the Daylight Saving Bill 2009, and will start 469 # daylight saving time on the first Sunday of October 2009 and end on the 470 # last Sunday of March 2010. We hope that the full text will be published 471 # soon, but we believe that the bill is only valid for 2009-2010. Samoa's 472 # Daylight Saving Act 2009 will be enforced as soon as the Head of State 473 # executes a proclamation publicizing this Act. 474 # 475 # Some background information here, which will be updated once we have 476 # more details: 477 # <a href="http://www.timeanddate.com/news/time/samoa-dst-plan-2009.html"> 478 # http://www.timeanddate.com/news/time/samoa-dst-plan-2009.html 479 # </a> 480 481 # From Alexander Krivenyshev (2009-10-03): 482 # First, my deepest condolences to people of Samoa islands and all families and 483 # loved ones around the world who lost their lives in the earthquake and tsunami. 484 # 485 # Considering the recent devastation on Samoa by earthquake and tsunami and that 486 # many government offices/ ministers are closed- not sure if "Daylight Saving 487 # Bill 2009" will be implemented in next few days- on October 4, 2009. 488 # 489 # Here is reply from Consulate-General of Samoa in New Zealand 490 # --------------------------- 491 # Consul General 492 # consulgeneral (a] samoaconsulate.org.nz 493 # 494 # Talofa Alexander, 495 # 496 # Thank you for your sympathy for our country but at this time we have not 497 # been informed about the Daylight Savings Time Change. Most Ministries in 498 # Apia are closed or relocating due to weather concerns. 499 # 500 # When we do find out if they are still proceeding with the time change we 501 # will advise you soonest. 502 # 503 # Kind Regards, 504 # Lana 505 # for: Consul General 506 507 # From Steffen Thorsen (2009-10-05): 508 # We have called a hotel in Samoa and asked about local time there - they 509 # are still on standard time. 510 511 Zone Pacific/Apia 12:33:04 - LMT 1879 Jul 5 512 -11:26:56 - LMT 1911 513 -11:30 - SAMT 1950 # Samoa Time 514 -11:00 - WST 2009 Oct 4 515 -11:00 1:00 WSDT 2010 Mar 28 516 -11:00 - WST 517 518 # Solomon Is 519 # excludes Bougainville, for which see Papua New Guinea 520 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 521 Zone Pacific/Guadalcanal 10:39:48 - LMT 1912 Oct # Honiara 522 11:00 - SBT # Solomon Is Time 523 524 # Tokelau Is 525 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 526 Zone Pacific/Fakaofo -11:24:56 - LMT 1901 527 -10:00 - TKT # Tokelau Time 528 529 # Tonga 530 # Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 531 Rule Tonga 1999 only - Oct 7 2:00s 1:00 S 532 Rule Tonga 2000 only - Mar 19 2:00s 0 - 533 Rule Tonga 2000 2001 - Nov Sun>=1 2:00 1:00 S 534 Rule Tonga 2001 2002 - Jan lastSun 2:00 0 - 535 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 536 Zone Pacific/Tongatapu 12:19:20 - LMT 1901 537 12:20 - TOT 1941 # Tonga Time 538 13:00 - TOT 1999 539 13:00 Tonga TO%sT 540 541 # Tuvalu 542 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 543 Zone Pacific/Funafuti 11:56:52 - LMT 1901 544 12:00 - TVT # Tuvalu Time 545 546 547 # US minor outlying islands 548 549 # Howland, Baker 550 # Howland was mined for guano by American companies 1857-1878 and British 551 # 1886-1891; Baker was similar but exact dates are not known. 552 # Inhabited by civilians 1935-1942; U.S. military bases 1943-1944; 553 # uninhabited thereafter. 554 # Howland observed Hawaii Standard Time (UTC-10:30) in 1937; 555 # see page 206 of Elgen M. Long and Marie K. Long, 556 # Amelia Earhart: the Mystery Solved, Simon & Schuster (2000). 557 # So most likely Howland and Baker observed Hawaii Time from 1935 558 # until they were abandoned after the war. 559 560 # Jarvis 561 # Mined for guano by American companies 1857-1879 and British 1883?-1891?. 562 # Inhabited by civilians 1935-1942; IGY scientific base 1957-1958; 563 # uninhabited thereafter. 564 # no information; was probably like Pacific/Kiritimati 565 566 # Johnston 567 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 568 Zone Pacific/Johnston -10:00 - HST 569 570 # Kingman 571 # uninhabited 572 573 # Midway 574 # 575 # From Mark Brader (2005-01-23): 576 # [Fallacies and Fantasies of Air Transport History, by R.E.G. Davies, 577 # published 1994 by Paladwr Press, McLean, VA, USA; ISBN 0-9626483-5-3] 578 # reproduced a Pan American Airways timeables from 1936, for their weekly 579 # "Orient Express" flights between San Francisco and Manila, and connecting 580 # flights to Chicago and the US East Coast. As it uses some time zone 581 # designations that I've never seen before:.... 582 # Fri. 6:30A Lv. HONOLOLU (Pearl Harbor), H.I. H.L.T. Ar. 5:30P Sun. 583 # " 3:00P Ar. MIDWAY ISLAND . . . . . . . . . M.L.T. Lv. 6:00A " 584 # 585 Zone Pacific/Midway -11:49:28 - LMT 1901 586 -11:00 - NST 1956 Jun 3 587 -11:00 1:00 NDT 1956 Sep 2 588 -11:00 - NST 1967 Apr # N=Nome 589 -11:00 - BST 1983 Nov 30 # B=Bering 590 -11:00 - SST # S=Samoa 591 592 # Palmyra 593 # uninhabited since World War II; was probably like Pacific/Kiritimati 594 595 # Wake 596 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 597 Zone Pacific/Wake 11:06:28 - LMT 1901 598 12:00 - WAKT # Wake Time 599 600 601 # Vanuatu 602 # Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 603 Rule Vanuatu 1983 only - Sep 25 0:00 1:00 S 604 Rule Vanuatu 1984 1991 - Mar Sun>=23 0:00 0 - 605 Rule Vanuatu 1984 only - Oct 23 0:00 1:00 S 606 Rule Vanuatu 1985 1991 - Sep Sun>=23 0:00 1:00 S 607 Rule Vanuatu 1992 1993 - Jan Sun>=23 0:00 0 - 608 Rule Vanuatu 1992 only - Oct Sun>=23 0:00 1:00 S 609 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 610 Zone Pacific/Efate 11:13:16 - LMT 1912 Jan 13 # Vila 611 11:00 Vanuatu VU%sT # Vanuatu Time 612 613 # Wallis and Futuna 614 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 615 Zone Pacific/Wallis 12:15:20 - LMT 1901 616 12:00 - WFT # Wallis & Futuna Time 617 618 ############################################################################### 619 620 # NOTES 621 622 # This data is by no means authoritative; if you think you know better, 623 # go ahead and edit the file (and please send any changes to 624 # tz (a] elsie.nci.nih.gov for general use in the future). 625 626 # From Paul Eggert (2006-03-22): 627 # A good source for time zone historical data outside the U.S. is 628 # Thomas G. Shanks and Rique Pottenger, The International Atlas (6th edition), 629 # San Diego: ACS Publications, Inc. (2003). 630 # 631 # Gwillim Law writes that a good source 632 # for recent time zone data is the International Air Transport 633 # Association's Standard Schedules Information Manual (IATA SSIM), 634 # published semiannually. Law sent in several helpful summaries 635 # of the IATA's data after 1990. 636 # 637 # Except where otherwise noted, Shanks & Pottenger is the source for 638 # entries through 1990, and IATA SSIM is the source for entries afterwards. 639 # 640 # Another source occasionally used is Edward W. Whitman, World Time Differences, 641 # Whitman Publishing Co, 2 Niagara Av, Ealing, London (undated), which 642 # I found in the UCLA library. 643 # 644 # A reliable and entertaining source about time zones is 645 # Derek Howse, Greenwich time and longitude, Philip Wilson Publishers (1997). 646 # 647 # I invented the abbreviations marked `*' in the following table; 648 # the rest are from earlier versions of this file, or from other sources. 649 # Corrections are welcome! 650 # std dst 651 # LMT Local Mean Time 652 # 8:00 WST WST Western Australia 653 # 8:45 CWST CWST Central Western Australia* 654 # 9:00 JST Japan 655 # 9:30 CST CST Central Australia 656 # 10:00 EST EST Eastern Australia 657 # 10:00 ChST Chamorro 658 # 10:30 LHST LHST Lord Howe* 659 # 11:30 NZMT NZST New Zealand through 1945 660 # 12:00 NZST NZDT New Zealand 1946-present 661 # 12:45 CHAST CHADT Chatham* 662 # -11:00 SST Samoa 663 # -10:00 HST Hawaii 664 # - 8:00 PST Pitcairn* 665 # 666 # See the `northamerica' file for Hawaii. 667 # See the `southamerica' file for Easter I and the Galapagos Is. 668 669 ############################################################################### 670 671 # Australia 672 673 # From Paul Eggert (2005-12-08): 674 # <a href="http://www.bom.gov.au/climate/averages/tables/dst_times.shtml"> 675 # Implementation Dates of Daylight Saving Time within Australia 676 # </a> summarizes daylight saving issues in Australia. 677 678 # From Arthur David Olson (2005-12-12): 679 # <a href="http://www.lawlink.nsw.gov.au/lawlink/Corporate/ll_agdinfo.nsf/pages/community_relations_daylight_saving"> 680 # Lawlink NSW:Daylight Saving in New South Wales 681 # </a> covers New South Wales in particular. 682 683 # From John Mackin (1991-03-06): 684 # We in Australia have _never_ referred to DST as `daylight' time. 685 # It is called `summer' time. Now by a happy coincidence, `summer' 686 # and `standard' happen to start with the same letter; hence, the 687 # abbreviation does _not_ change... 688 # The legislation does not actually define abbreviations, at least 689 # in this State, but the abbreviation is just commonly taken to be the 690 # initials of the phrase, and the legislation here uniformly uses 691 # the phrase `summer time' and does not use the phrase `daylight 692 # time'. 693 # Announcers on the Commonwealth radio network, the ABC (for Australian 694 # Broadcasting Commission), use the phrases `Eastern Standard Time' 695 # or `Eastern Summer Time'. (Note, though, that as I say in the 696 # current australasia file, there is really no such thing.) Announcers 697 # on its overseas service, Radio Australia, use the same phrases 698 # prefixed by the word `Australian' when referring to local times; 699 # time announcements on that service, naturally enough, are made in UTC. 700 701 # From Arthur David Olson (1992-03-08): 702 # Given the above, what's chosen for year-round use is: 703 # CST for any place operating at a GMTOFF of 9:30 704 # WST for any place operating at a GMTOFF of 8:00 705 # EST for any place operating at a GMTOFF of 10:00 706 707 # From Chuck Soper (2006-06-01): 708 # I recently found this Australian government web page on time zones: 709 # <http://www.australia.gov.au/about-australia-13time> 710 # And this government web page lists time zone names and abbreviations: 711 # <http://www.bom.gov.au/climate/averages/tables/daysavtm.shtml> 712 713 # From Paul Eggert (2001-04-05), summarizing a long discussion about "EST" 714 # versus "AEST" etc.: 715 # 716 # I see the following points of dispute: 717 # 718 # * How important are unique time zone abbreviations? 719 # 720 # Here I tend to agree with the point (most recently made by Chris 721 # Newman) that unique abbreviations should not be essential for proper 722 # operation of software. We have other instances of ambiguity 723 # (e.g. "IST" denoting both "Israel Standard Time" and "Indian 724 # Standard Time"), and they are not likely to go away any time soon. 725 # In the old days, some software mistakenly relied on unique 726 # abbreviations, but this is becoming less true with time, and I don't 727 # think it's that important to cater to such software these days. 728 # 729 # On the other hand, there is another motivation for unambiguous 730 # abbreviations: it cuts down on human confusion. This is 731 # particularly true for Australia, where "EST" can mean one thing for 732 # time T and a different thing for time T plus 1 second. 733 # 734 # * Does the relevant legislation indicate which abbreviations should be used? 735 # 736 # Here I tend to think that things are a mess, just as they are in 737 # many other countries. We Americans are currently disagreeing about 738 # which abbreviation to use for the newly legislated Chamorro Standard 739 # Time, for example. 740 # 741 # Personally, I would prefer to use common practice; I would like to 742 # refer to legislation only for examples of common practice, or as a 743 # tiebreaker. 744 # 745 # * Do Australians more often use "Eastern Daylight Time" or "Eastern 746 # Summer Time"? Do they typically prefix the time zone names with 747 # the word "Australian"? 748 # 749 # My own impression is that both "Daylight Time" and "Summer Time" are 750 # common and are widely understood, but that "Summer Time" is more 751 # popular; and that the leading "A" is also common but is omitted more 752 # often than not. I just used AltaVista advanced search and got the 753 # following count of page hits: 754 # 755 # 1,103 "Eastern Summer Time" AND domain:au 756 # 971 "Australian Eastern Summer Time" AND domain:au 757 # 613 "Eastern Daylight Time" AND domain:au 758 # 127 "Australian Eastern Daylight Time" AND domain:au 759 # 760 # Here "Summer" seems quite a bit more popular than "Daylight", 761 # particularly when we know the time zone is Australian and not US, 762 # say. The "Australian" prefix seems to be popular for Eastern Summer 763 # Time, but unpopular for Eastern Daylight Time. 764 # 765 # For abbreviations, tools like AltaVista are less useful because of 766 # ambiguity. Many hits are not really time zones, unfortunately, and 767 # many hits denote US time zones and not Australian ones. But here 768 # are the hit counts anyway: 769 # 770 # 161,304 "EST" and domain:au 771 # 25,156 "EDT" and domain:au 772 # 18,263 "AEST" and domain:au 773 # 10,416 "AEDT" and domain:au 774 # 775 # 14,538 "CST" and domain:au 776 # 5,728 "CDT" and domain:au 777 # 176 "ACST" and domain:au 778 # 29 "ACDT" and domain:au 779 # 780 # 7,539 "WST" and domain:au 781 # 68 "AWST" and domain:au 782 # 783 # This data suggest that Australians tend to omit the "A" prefix in 784 # practice. The situation for "ST" versus "DT" is less clear, given 785 # the ambiguities involved. 786 # 787 # * How do Australians feel about the abbreviations in the tz database? 788 # 789 # If you just count Australians on this list, I count 2 in favor and 3 790 # against. One of the "against" votes (David Keegel) counseled delay, 791 # saying that both AEST/AEDT and EST/EST are widely used and 792 # understood in Australia. 793 794 # From Paul Eggert (1995-12-19): 795 # Shanks & Pottenger report 2:00 for all autumn changes in Australia and NZ. 796 # Mark Prior writes that his newspaper 797 # reports that NSW's fall 1995 change will occur at 2:00, 798 # but Robert Elz says it's been 3:00 in Victoria since 1970 799 # and perhaps the newspaper's `2:00' is referring to standard time. 800 # For now we'll continue to assume 2:00s for changes since 1960. 801 802 # From Eric Ulevik (1998-01-05): 803 # 804 # Here are some URLs to Australian time legislation. These URLs are stable, 805 # and should probably be included in the data file. There are probably more 806 # relevant entries in this database. 807 # 808 # NSW (including LHI and Broken Hill): 809 # <a href="http://www.austlii.edu.au/au/legis/nsw/consol_act/sta1987137/index.html"> 810 # Standard Time Act 1987 (updated 1995-04-04) 811 # </a> 812 # ACT 813 # <a href="http://www.austlii.edu.au/au/legis/act/consol_act/stasta1972279/index.html"> 814 # Standard Time and Summer Time Act 1972 815 # </a> 816 # SA 817 # <a href="http://www.austlii.edu.au/au/legis/sa/consol_act/sta1898137/index.html"> 818 # Standard Time Act, 1898 819 # </a> 820 821 # From David Grosz (2005-06-13): 822 # It was announced last week that Daylight Saving would be extended by 823 # one week next year to allow for the 2006 Commonwealth Games. 824 # Daylight Saving is now to end for next year only on the first Sunday 825 # in April instead of the last Sunday in March. 826 # 827 # From Gwillim Law (2005-06-14): 828 # I did some Googling and found that all of those states (and territory) plan 829 # to extend DST together in 2006. 830 # ACT: http://www.cmd.act.gov.au/mediareleases/fileread.cfm?file=86.txt 831 # New South Wales: http://www.thecouriermail.news.com.au/common/story_page/0,5936,15538869%255E1702,00.html 832 # South Australia: http://www.news.com.au/story/0,10117,15555031-1246,00.html 833 # Tasmania: http://www.media.tas.gov.au/release.php?id=14772 834 # Victoria: I wasn't able to find anything separate, but the other articles 835 # allude to it. 836 # But not Queensland 837 # http://www.news.com.au/story/0,10117,15564030-1248,00.html. 838 839 # Northern Territory 840 841 # From George Shepherd via Simon Woodhead via Robert Elz (1991-03-06): 842 # # The NORTHERN TERRITORY.. [ Courtesy N.T. Dept of the Chief Minister ] 843 # # [ Nov 1990 ] 844 # # N.T. have never utilised any DST due to sub-tropical/tropical location. 845 # ... 846 # Zone Australia/North 9:30 - CST 847 848 # From Bradley White (1991-03-04): 849 # A recent excerpt from an Australian newspaper... 850 # the Northern Territory do[es] not have daylight saving. 851 852 # Western Australia 853 854 # From George Shepherd via Simon Woodhead via Robert Elz (1991-03-06): 855 # # The state of WESTERN AUSTRALIA.. [ Courtesy W.A. dept Premier+Cabinet ] 856 # # [ Nov 1990 ] 857 # # W.A. suffers from a great deal of public and political opposition to 858 # # DST in principle. A bill is brought before parliament in most years, but 859 # # usually defeated either in the upper house, or in party caucus 860 # # before reaching parliament. 861 # ... 862 # Zone Australia/West 8:00 AW %sST 863 # ... 864 # Rule AW 1974 only - Oct lastSun 2:00 1:00 D 865 # Rule AW 1975 only - Mar Sun>=1 3:00 0 W 866 # Rule AW 1983 only - Oct lastSun 2:00 1:00 D 867 # Rule AW 1984 only - Mar Sun>=1 3:00 0 W 868 869 # From Bradley White (1991-03-04): 870 # A recent excerpt from an Australian newspaper... 871 # Western Australia...do[es] not have daylight saving. 872 873 # From John D. Newman via Bradley White (1991-11-02): 874 # Western Australia is still on "winter time". Some DH in Sydney 875 # rang me at home a few days ago at 6.00am. (He had just arrived at 876 # work at 9.00am.) 877 # W.A. is switching to Summer Time on Nov 17th just to confuse 878 # everybody again. 879 880 # From Arthur David Olson (1992-03-08): 881 # The 1992 ending date used in the rules is a best guess; 882 # it matches what was used in the past. 883 884 # <a href="http://www.bom.gov.au/faq/faqgen.htm"> 885 # The Australian Bureau of Meteorology FAQ 886 # </a> (1999-09-27) writes that Giles Meteorological Station uses 887 # South Australian time even though it's located in Western Australia. 888 889 # Queensland 890 # From George Shepherd via Simon Woodhead via Robert Elz (1991-03-06): 891 # # The state of QUEENSLAND.. [ Courtesy Qld. Dept Premier Econ&Trade Devel ] 892 # # [ Dec 1990 ] 893 # ... 894 # Zone Australia/Queensland 10:00 AQ %sST 895 # ... 896 # Rule AQ 1971 only - Oct lastSun 2:00 1:00 D 897 # Rule AQ 1972 only - Feb lastSun 3:00 0 E 898 # Rule AQ 1989 max - Oct lastSun 2:00 1:00 D 899 # Rule AQ 1990 max - Mar Sun>=1 3:00 0 E 900 901 # From Bradley White (1989-12-24): 902 # "Australia/Queensland" now observes daylight time (i.e. from 903 # October 1989). 904 905 # From Bradley White (1991-03-04): 906 # A recent excerpt from an Australian newspaper... 907 # ...Queensland...[has] agreed to end daylight saving 908 # at 3am tomorrow (March 3)... 909 910 # From John Mackin (1991-03-06): 911 # I can certainly confirm for my part that Daylight Saving in NSW did in fact 912 # end on Sunday, 3 March. I don't know at what hour, though. (It surprised 913 # me.) 914 915 # From Bradley White (1992-03-08): 916 # ...there was recently a referendum in Queensland which resulted 917 # in the experimental daylight saving system being abandoned. So, ... 918 # ... 919 # Rule QLD 1989 1991 - Oct lastSun 2:00 1:00 D 920 # Rule QLD 1990 1992 - Mar Sun>=1 3:00 0 S 921 # ... 922 923 # From Arthur David Olson (1992-03-08): 924 # The chosen rules the union of the 1971/1972 change and the 1989-1992 changes. 925 926 # From Christopher Hunt (2006-11-21), after an advance warning 927 # from Jesper Norgaard Welen (2006-11-01): 928 # WA are trialing DST for three years. 929 # <http://www.parliament.wa.gov.au/parliament/bills.nsf/9A1B183144403DA54825721200088DF1/$File/Bill175-1B.pdf> 930 931 # From Rives McDow (2002-04-09): 932 # The most interesting region I have found consists of three towns on the 933 # southern coast.... South Australia observes daylight saving time; Western 934 # Australia does not. The two states are one and a half hours apart. The 935 # residents decided to forget about this nonsense of changing the clock so 936 # much and set the local time 20 hours and 45 minutes from the 937 # international date line, or right in the middle of the time of South 938 # Australia and Western Australia.... 939 # 940 # From Paul Eggert (2002-04-09): 941 # This is confirmed by the section entitled 942 # "What's the deal with time zones???" in 943 # <http://www.earthsci.unimelb.edu.au/~awatkins/null.html>. 944 # 945 # From Alex Livingston (2006-12-07): 946 # ... it was just on four years ago that I drove along the Eyre Highway, 947 # which passes through eastern Western Australia close to the southern 948 # coast of the continent. 949 # 950 # I paid particular attention to the time kept there. There can be no 951 # dispute that UTC+08:45 was considered "the time" from the border 952 # village just inside the border with South Australia to as far west 953 # as just east of Caiguna. There can also be no dispute that Eucla is 954 # the largest population centre in this zone.... 955 # 956 # Now that Western Australia is observing daylight saving, the 957 # question arose whether this part of the state would follow suit. I 958 # just called the border village and confirmed that indeed they have, 959 # meaning that they are now observing UTC+09:45. 960 # 961 # (2006-12-09): 962 # I personally doubt that either experimentation with daylight saving 963 # in WA or its introduction in SA had anything to do with the genesis 964 # of this time zone. My hunch is that it's been around since well 965 # before 1975. I remember seeing it noted on road maps decades ago. 966 967 # From Paul Eggert (2006-12-15): 968 # For lack of better info, assume the tradition dates back to the 969 # introduction of standard time in 1895. 970 971 972 # southeast Australia 973 # 974 # From Paul Eggert (2007-07-23): 975 # Starting autumn 2008 Victoria, NSW, South Australia, Tasmania and the ACT 976 # end DST the first Sunday in April and start DST the first Sunday in October. 977 # http://www.theage.com.au/news/national/daylight-savings-to-span-six-months/2007/06/27/1182623966703.html 978 979 980 # South Australia 981 982 # From Bradley White (1991-03-04): 983 # A recent excerpt from an Australian newspaper... 984 # ...South Australia...[has] agreed to end daylight saving 985 # at 3am tomorrow (March 3)... 986 987 # From George Shepherd via Simon Woodhead via Robert Elz (1991-03-06): 988 # # The state of SOUTH AUSTRALIA....[ Courtesy of S.A. Dept of Labour ] 989 # # [ Nov 1990 ] 990 # ... 991 # Zone Australia/South 9:30 AS %sST 992 # ... 993 # Rule AS 1971 max - Oct lastSun 2:00 1:00 D 994 # Rule AS 1972 1985 - Mar Sun>=1 3:00 0 C 995 # Rule AS 1986 1990 - Mar Sun>=15 3:00 0 C 996 # Rule AS 1991 max - Mar Sun>=1 3:00 0 C 997 998 # From Bradley White (1992-03-11): 999 # Recent correspondence with a friend in Adelaide 1000 # contained the following exchange: "Due to the Adelaide Festival, 1001 # South Australia delays setting back our clocks for a few weeks." 1002 1003 # From Robert Elz (1992-03-13): 1004 # I heard that apparently (or at least, it appears that) 1005 # South Aus will have an extra 3 weeks daylight saving every even 1006 # numbered year (from 1990). That's when the Adelaide Festival 1007 # is on... 1008 1009 # From Robert Elz (1992-03-16, 00:57:07 +1000): 1010 # DST didn't end in Adelaide today (yesterday).... 1011 # But whether it's "4th Sunday" or "2nd last Sunday" I have no idea whatever... 1012 # (it's just as likely to be "the Sunday we pick for this year"...). 1013 1014 # From Bradley White (1994-04-11): 1015 # If Sun, 15 March, 1992 was at +1030 as kre asserts, but yet Sun, 20 March, 1016 # 1994 was at +0930 as John Connolly's customer seems to assert, then I can 1017 # only conclude that the actual rule is more complicated.... 1018 1019 # From John Warburton (1994-10-07): 1020 # The new Daylight Savings dates for South Australia ... 1021 # was gazetted in the Government Hansard on Sep 26 1994.... 1022 # start on last Sunday in October and end in last sunday in March. 1023 1024 # From Paul Eggert (2007-07-23): 1025 # See "southeast Australia" above for 2008 and later. 1026 1027 # Tasmania 1028 1029 # The rules for 1967 through 1991 were reported by George Shepherd 1030 # via Simon Woodhead via Robert Elz (1991-03-06): 1031 # # The state of TASMANIA.. [Courtesy Tasmanian Dept of Premier + Cabinet ] 1032 # # [ Nov 1990 ] 1033 1034 # From Bill Hart via Guy Harris (1991-10-10): 1035 # Oh yes, the new daylight savings rules are uniquely tasmanian, we have 1036 # 6 weeks a year now when we are out of sync with the rest of Australia 1037 # (but nothing new about that). 1038 1039 # From Alex Livingston (1999-10-04): 1040 # I heard on the ABC (Australian Broadcasting Corporation) radio news on the 1041 # (long) weekend that Tasmania, which usually goes its own way in this regard, 1042 # has decided to join with most of NSW, the ACT, and most of Victoria 1043 # (Australia) and start daylight saving on the last Sunday in August in 2000 1044 # instead of the first Sunday in October. 1045 1046 # Sim Alam (2000-07-03) reported a legal citation for the 2000/2001 rules: 1047 # http://www.thelaw.tas.gov.au/fragview/42++1968+GS3A@EN+2000070300 1048 1049 # From Paul Eggert (2007-07-23): 1050 # See "southeast Australia" above for 2008 and later. 1051 1052 # Victoria 1053 1054 # The rules for 1971 through 1991 were reported by George Shepherd 1055 # via Simon Woodhead via Robert Elz (1991-03-06): 1056 # # The state of VICTORIA.. [ Courtesy of Vic. Dept of Premier + Cabinet ] 1057 # # [ Nov 1990 ] 1058 1059 # From Scott Harrington (2001-08-29): 1060 # On KQED's "City Arts and Lectures" program last night I heard an 1061 # interesting story about daylight savings time. Dr. John Heilbron was 1062 # discussing his book "The Sun in the Church: Cathedrals as Solar 1063 # Observatories"[1], and in particular the Shrine of Remembrance[2] located 1064 # in Melbourne, Australia. 1065 # 1066 # Apparently the shrine's main purpose is a beam of sunlight which 1067 # illuminates a special spot on the floor at the 11th hour of the 11th day 1068 # of the 11th month (Remembrance Day) every year in memory of Australia's 1069 # fallen WWI soldiers. And if you go there on Nov. 11, at 11am local time, 1070 # you will indeed see the sunbeam illuminate the special spot at the 1071 # expected time. 1072 # 1073 # However, that is only because of some special mirror contraption that had 1074 # to be employed, since due to daylight savings time, the true solar time of 1075 # the remembrance moment occurs one hour later (or earlier?). Perhaps 1076 # someone with more information on this jury-rig can tell us more. 1077 # 1078 # [1] http://www.hup.harvard.edu/catalog/HEISUN.html 1079 # [2] http://www.shrine.org.au 1080 1081 # From Paul Eggert (2007-07-23): 1082 # See "southeast Australia" above for 2008 and later. 1083 1084 # New South Wales 1085 1086 # From Arthur David Olson: 1087 # New South Wales and subjurisdictions have their own ideas of a fun time. 1088 # Based on law library research by John Mackin, 1089 # who notes: 1090 # In Australia, time is not legislated federally, but rather by the 1091 # individual states. Thus, while such terms as ``Eastern Standard Time'' 1092 # [I mean, of course, Australian EST, not any other kind] are in common 1093 # use, _they have NO REAL MEANING_, as they are not defined in the 1094 # legislation. This is very important to understand. 1095 # I have researched New South Wales time only... 1096 1097 # From Eric Ulevik (1999-05-26): 1098 # DST will start in NSW on the last Sunday of August, rather than the usual 1099 # October in 2000. [See: Matthew Moore, 1100 # <a href="http://www.smh.com.au/news/9905/26/pageone/pageone4.html"> 1101 # Two months more daylight saving 1102 # </a> 1103 # Sydney Morning Herald (1999-05-26).] 1104 1105 # From Paul Eggert (1999-09-27): 1106 # See the following official NSW source: 1107 # <a href="http://dir.gis.nsw.gov.au/cgi-bin/genobject/document/other/daylightsaving/tigGmZ"> 1108 # Daylight Saving in New South Wales. 1109 # </a> 1110 # 1111 # Narrabri Shire (NSW) council has announced it will ignore the extension of 1112 # daylight saving next year. See: 1113 # <a href="http://abc.net.au/news/regionals/neweng/monthly/regeng-22jul1999-1.htm"> 1114 # Narrabri Council to ignore daylight saving 1115 # </a> (1999-07-22). For now, we'll wait to see if this really happens. 1116 # 1117 # Victoria will following NSW. See: 1118 # <a href="http://abc.net.au/local/news/olympics/1999/07/item19990728112314_1.htm"> 1119 # Vic to extend daylight saving 1120 # </a> (1999-07-28). 1121 # 1122 # However, South Australia rejected the DST request. See: 1123 # <a href="http://abc.net.au/news/olympics/1999/07/item19990719151754_1.htm"> 1124 # South Australia rejects Olympics daylight savings request 1125 # </a> (1999-07-19). 1126 # 1127 # Queensland also will not observe DST for the Olympics. See: 1128 # <a href="http://abc.net.au/news/olympics/1999/06/item19990601114608_1.htm"> 1129 # Qld says no to daylight savings for Olympics 1130 # </a> (1999-06-01), which quotes Queensland Premier Peter Beattie as saying 1131 # ``Look you've got to remember in my family when this came up last time 1132 # I voted for it, my wife voted against it and she said to me it's all very 1133 # well for you, you don't have to worry about getting the children out of 1134 # bed, getting them to school, getting them to sleep at night. 1135 # I've been through all this argument domestically...my wife rules.'' 1136 # 1137 # Broken Hill will stick with South Australian time in 2000. See: 1138 # <a href="http://abc.net.au/news/regionals/brokenh/monthly/regbrok-21jul1999-6.htm"> 1139 # Broken Hill to be behind the times 1140 # </a> (1999-07-21). 1141 1142 # IATA SSIM (1998-09) says that the spring 2000 change for Australian 1143 # Capital Territory, New South Wales except Lord Howe Island and Broken 1144 # Hill, and Victoria will be August 27, presumably due to the Sydney Olympics. 1145 1146 # From Eric Ulevik, referring to Sydney's Sun Herald (2000-08-13), page 29: 1147 # The Queensland Premier Peter Beattie is encouraging northern NSW 1148 # towns to use Queensland time. 1149 1150 # From Paul Eggert (2007-07-23): 1151 # See "southeast Australia" above for 2008 and later. 1152 1153 # Yancowinna 1154 1155 # From John Mackin (1989-01-04): 1156 # `Broken Hill' means the County of Yancowinna. 1157 1158 # From George Shepherd via Simon Woodhead via Robert Elz (1991-03-06): 1159 # # YANCOWINNA.. [ Confirmation courtesy of Broken Hill Postmaster ] 1160 # # [ Dec 1990 ] 1161 # ... 1162 # # Yancowinna uses Central Standard Time, despite [its] location on the 1163 # # New South Wales side of the S.A. border. Most business and social dealings 1164 # # are with CST zones, therefore CST is legislated by local government 1165 # # although the switch to Summer Time occurs in line with N.S.W. There have 1166 # # been years when this did not apply, but the historical data is not 1167 # # presently available. 1168 # Zone Australia/Yancowinna 9:30 AY %sST 1169 # ... 1170 # Rule AY 1971 1985 - Oct lastSun 2:00 1:00 D 1171 # Rule AY 1972 only - Feb lastSun 3:00 0 C 1172 # [followed by other Rules] 1173 1174 # Lord Howe Island 1175 1176 # From George Shepherd via Simon Woodhead via Robert Elz (1991-03-06): 1177 # LHI... [ Courtesy of Pauline Van Winsen ] 1178 # [ Dec 1990 ] 1179 # Lord Howe Island is located off the New South Wales coast, and is half an 1180 # hour ahead of NSW time. 1181 1182 # From James Lonergan, Secretary, Lord Howe Island Board (2000-01-27): 1183 # Lord Howe Island summer time in 2000/2001 will commence on the same 1184 # date as the rest of NSW (i.e. 2000-08-27). For your information the 1185 # Lord Howe Island Board (controlling authority for the Island) is 1186 # seeking the community's views on various options for summer time 1187 # arrangements on the Island, e.g. advance clocks by 1 full hour 1188 # instead of only 30 minutes. Dependant on the wishes of residents 1189 # the Board may approach the NSW government to change the existing 1190 # arrangements. The starting date for summer time on the Island will 1191 # however always coincide with the rest of NSW. 1192 1193 # From James Lonergan, Secretary, Lord Howe Island Board (2000-10-25): 1194 # Lord Howe Island advances clocks by 30 minutes during DST in NSW and retards 1195 # clocks by 30 minutes when DST finishes. Since DST was most recently 1196 # introduced in NSW, the "changeover" time on the Island has been 02:00 as 1197 # shown on clocks on LHI. I guess this means that for 30 minutes at the start 1198 # of DST, LHI is actually 1 hour ahead of the rest of NSW. 1199 1200 # From Paul Eggert (2006-03-22): 1201 # For Lord Howe dates we use Shanks & Pottenger through 1989, and 1202 # Lonergan thereafter. For times we use Lonergan. 1203 1204 # From Paul Eggert (2007-07-23): 1205 # See "southeast Australia" above for 2008 and later. 1206 1207 # From Steffen Thorsen (2009-04-28): 1208 # According to the official press release, South Australia's extended daylight 1209 # saving period will continue with the same rules as used during the 2008-2009 1210 # summer (southern hemisphere). 1211 # 1212 # From 1213 # <a href="http://www.safework.sa.gov.au/uploaded_files/DaylightDatesSet.pdf"> 1214 # http://www.safework.sa.gov.au/uploaded_files/DaylightDatesSet.pdf 1215 # </a> 1216 # The extended daylight saving period that South Australia has been trialling 1217 # for over the last year is now set to be ongoing. 1218 # Daylight saving will continue to start on the first Sunday in October each 1219 # year and finish on the first Sunday in April the following year. 1220 # Industrial Relations Minister, Paul Caica, says this provides South Australia 1221 # with a consistent half hour time difference with NSW, Victoria, Tasmania and 1222 # the ACT for all 52 weeks of the year... 1223 # 1224 # We have a wrap-up here: 1225 # <a href="http://www.timeanddate.com/news/time/south-australia-extends-dst.html"> 1226 # http://www.timeanddate.com/news/time/south-australia-extends-dst.html 1227 # </a> 1228 ############################################################################### 1229 1230 # New Zealand 1231 1232 # From Mark Davies (1990-10-03): 1233 # the 1989/90 year was a trial of an extended "daylight saving" period. 1234 # This trial was deemed successful and the extended period adopted for 1235 # subsequent years (with the addition of a further week at the start). 1236 # source -- phone call to Ministry of Internal Affairs Head Office. 1237 1238 # From George Shepherd via Simon Woodhead via Robert Elz (1991-03-06): 1239 # # The Country of New Zealand (Australia's east island -) Gee they hate that! 1240 # # or is Australia the west island of N.Z. 1241 # # [ courtesy of Geoff Tribble.. Auckland N.Z. ] 1242 # # [ Nov 1990 ] 1243 # ... 1244 # Rule NZ 1974 1988 - Oct lastSun 2:00 1:00 D 1245 # Rule NZ 1989 max - Oct Sun>=1 2:00 1:00 D 1246 # Rule NZ 1975 1989 - Mar Sun>=1 3:00 0 S 1247 # Rule NZ 1990 max - Mar lastSun 3:00 0 S 1248 # ... 1249 # Zone NZ 12:00 NZ NZ%sT # New Zealand 1250 # Zone NZ-CHAT 12:45 - NZ-CHAT # Chatham Island 1251 1252 # From Arthur David Olson (1992-03-08): 1253 # The chosen rules use the Davies October 8 values for the start of DST in 1989 1254 # rather than the October 1 value. 1255 1256 # From Paul Eggert (1995-12-19); 1257 # Shank & Pottenger report 2:00 for all autumn changes in Australia and NZ. 1258 # Robert Uzgalis writes that the New Zealand Daylight 1259 # Savings Time Order in Council dated 1990-06-18 specifies 2:00 standard 1260 # time on both the first Sunday in October and the third Sunday in March. 1261 # As with Australia, we'll assume the tradition is 2:00s, not 2:00. 1262 # 1263 # From Paul Eggert (2006-03-22): 1264 # The Department of Internal Affairs (DIA) maintains a brief history, 1265 # as does Carol Squires; see tz-link.htm for the full references. 1266 # Use these sources in preference to Shanks & Pottenger. 1267 # 1268 # For Chatham, IATA SSIM (1991/1999) gives the NZ rules but with 1269 # transitions at 2:45 local standard time; this confirms that Chatham 1270 # is always exactly 45 minutes ahead of Auckland. 1271 1272 # From Colin Sharples (2007-04-30): 1273 # DST will now start on the last Sunday in September, and end on the 1274 # first Sunday in April. The changes take effect this year, meaning 1275 # that DST will begin on 2007-09-30 2008-04-06. 1276 # http://www.dia.govt.nz/diawebsite.nsf/wpg_URL/Services-Daylight-Saving-Daylight-saving-to-be-extended 1277 1278 ############################################################################### 1279 1280 1281 # Fiji 1282 1283 # Howse writes (p 153) that in 1879 the British governor of Fiji 1284 # enacted an ordinance standardizing the islands on Antipodean Time 1285 # instead of the American system (which was one day behind). 1286 1287 # From Rives McDow (1998-10-08): 1288 # Fiji will introduce DST effective 0200 local time, 1998-11-01 1289 # until 0300 local time 1999-02-28. Each year the DST period will 1290 # be from the first Sunday in November until the last Sunday in February. 1291 1292 # From Paul Eggert (2000-01-08): 1293 # IATA SSIM (1999-09) says DST ends 0100 local time. Go with McDow. 1294 1295 # From the BBC World Service (1998-10-31 11:32 UTC): 1296 # The Fijiian government says the main reasons for the time change is to 1297 # improve productivity and reduce road accidents. But correspondents say it 1298 # also hopes the move will boost Fiji's ability to compete with other pacific 1299 # islands in the effort to attract tourists to witness the dawning of the new 1300 # millenium. 1301 1302 # http://www.fiji.gov.fj/press/2000_09/2000_09_13-05.shtml (2000-09-13) 1303 # reports that Fiji has discontinued DST. 1304 1305 # Johnston 1306 1307 # Johnston data is from usno1995. 1308 1309 1310 # Kiribati 1311 1312 # From Paul Eggert (1996-01-22): 1313 # Today's _Wall Street Journal_ (page 1) reports that Kiribati 1314 # ``declared it the same day throught the country as of Jan. 1, 1995'' 1315 # as part of the competition to be first into the 21st century. 1316 1317 1318 # Kwajalein 1319 1320 # In comp.risks 14.87 (26 August 1993), Peter Neumann writes: 1321 # I wonder what happened in Kwajalein, where there was NO Friday, 1322 # 1993-08-20. Thursday night at midnight Kwajalein switched sides with 1323 # respect to the International Date Line, to rejoin its fellow islands, 1324 # going from 11:59 p.m. Thursday to 12:00 m. Saturday in a blink. 1325 1326 1327 # N Mariana Is, Guam 1328 1329 # Howse writes (p 153) ``The Spaniards, on the other hand, reached the 1330 # Philippines and the Ladrones from America,'' and implies that the Ladrones 1331 # (now called the Marianas) kept American date for quite some time. 1332 # For now, we assume the Ladrones switched at the same time as the Philippines; 1333 # see Asia/Manila. 1334 1335 # US Public Law 106-564 (2000-12-23) made UTC+10 the official standard time, 1336 # under the name "Chamorro Standard Time". There is no official abbreviation, 1337 # but Congressman Robert A. Underwood, author of the bill that became law, 1338 # wrote in a press release (2000-12-27) that he will seek the use of "ChST". 1339 1340 1341 # Micronesia 1342 1343 # Alan Eugene Davis writes (1996-03-16), 1344 # ``I am certain, having lived there for the past decade, that "Truk" 1345 # (now properly known as Chuuk) ... is in the time zone GMT+10.'' 1346 # 1347 # Shanks & Pottenger write that Truk switched from UTC+10 to UTC+11 1348 # on 1978-10-01; ignore this for now. 1349 1350 # From Paul Eggert (1999-10-29): 1351 # The Federated States of Micronesia Visitors Board writes in 1352 # <a href="http://www.fsmgov.org/info/clocks.html"> 1353 # The Federated States of Micronesia - Visitor Information 1354 # </a> (1999-01-26) 1355 # that Truk and Yap are UTC+10, and Ponape and Kosrae are UTC+11. 1356 # We don't know when Kosrae switched from UTC+12; assume January 1 for now. 1357 1358 1359 # Midway 1360 1361 # From Charles T O'Connor, KMTH DJ (1956), 1362 # quoted in the KTMH section of the Radio Heritage Collection 1363 # <http://radiodx.com/spdxr/KMTH.htm> (2002-12-31): 1364 # For the past two months we've been on what is known as Daylight 1365 # Saving Time. This time has put us on air at 5am in the morning, 1366 # your time down there in New Zealand. Starting September 2, 1956 1367 # we'll again go back to Standard Time. This'll mean that we'll go to 1368 # air at 6am your time. 1369 # 1370 # From Paul Eggert (2003-03-23): 1371 # We don't know the date of that quote, but we'll guess they 1372 # started DST on June 3. Possibly DST was observed other years 1373 # in Midway, but we have no record of it. 1374 1375 1376 # Pitcairn 1377 1378 # From Rives McDow (1999-11-08): 1379 # A Proclamation was signed by the Governor of Pitcairn on the 27th March 1998 1380 # with regard to Pitcairn Standard Time. The Proclamation is as follows. 1381 # 1382 # The local time for general purposes in the Islands shall be 1383 # Co-ordinated Universal time minus 8 hours and shall be known 1384 # as Pitcairn Standard Time. 1385 # 1386 # ... I have also seen Pitcairn listed as UTC minus 9 hours in several 1387 # references, and can only assume that this was an error in interpretation 1388 # somehow in light of this proclamation. 1389 1390 # From Rives McDow (1999-11-09): 1391 # The Proclamation regarding Pitcairn time came into effect on 27 April 1998 1392 # ... at midnight. 1393 1394 # From Howie Phelps (1999-11-10), who talked to a Pitcairner via shortwave: 1395 # Betty Christian told me yesterday that their local time is the same as 1396 # Pacific Standard Time. They used to be 1/2 hour different from us here in 1397 # Sacramento but it was changed a couple of years ago. 1398 1399 1400 # Samoa 1401 1402 # Howse writes (p 153, citing p 10 of the 1883-11-18 New York Herald) 1403 # that in 1879 the King of Samoa decided to change 1404 # ``the date in his kingdom from the Antipodean to the American system, 1405 # ordaining -- by a masterpiece of diplomatic flattery -- that 1406 # the Fourth of July should be celebrated twice in that year.'' 1407 1408 1409 # Tonga 1410 1411 # From Paul Eggert (1996-01-22): 1412 # Today's _Wall Street Journal_ (p 1) reports that ``Tonga has been plotting 1413 # to sneak ahead of [New Zealanders] by introducing daylight-saving time.'' 1414 # Since Kiribati has moved the Date Line it's not clear what Tonga will do. 1415 1416 # Don Mundell writes in the 1997-02-20 Tonga Chronicle 1417 # <a href="http://www.tongatapu.net.to/tonga/homeland/timebegins.htm"> 1418 # How Tonga became `The Land where Time Begins' 1419 # </a>: 1420 1421 # Until 1941 Tonga maintained a standard time 50 minutes ahead of NZST 1422 # 12 hours and 20 minutes ahead of GMT. When New Zealand adjusted its 1423 # standard time in 1940s, Tonga had the choice of subtracting from its 1424 # local time to come on the same standard time as New Zealand or of 1425 # advancing its time to maintain the differential of 13 degrees 1426 # (approximately 50 minutes ahead of New Zealand time). 1427 # 1428 # Because His Majesty King Taufa'ahau Tupou IV, then Crown Prince 1429 # Tungi, preferred to ensure Tonga's title as the land where time 1430 # begins, the Legislative Assembly approved the latter change. 1431 # 1432 # But some of the older, more conservative members from the outer 1433 # islands objected. "If at midnight on Dec. 31, we move ahead 40 1434 # minutes, as your Royal Highness wishes, what becomes of the 40 1435 # minutes we have lost?" 1436 # 1437 # The Crown Prince, presented an unanswerable argument: "Remember that 1438 # on the World Day of Prayer, you would be the first people on Earth 1439 # to say your prayers in the morning." 1440 1441 # From Paul Eggert (2006-03-22): 1442 # Shanks & Pottenger say the transition was on 1968-10-01; go with Mundell. 1443 1444 # From Eric Ulevik (1999-05-03): 1445 # Tonga's director of tourism, who is also secretary of the National Millenium 1446 # Committee, has a plan to get Tonga back in front. 1447 # He has proposed a one-off move to tropical daylight saving for Tonga from 1448 # October to March, which has won approval in principle from the Tongan 1449 # Government. 1450 1451 # From Steffen Thorsen (1999-09-09): 1452 # * Tonga will introduce DST in November 1453 # 1454 # I was given this link by John Letts: 1455 # <a href="http://news.bbc.co.uk/hi/english/world/asia-pacific/newsid_424000/424764.stm"> 1456 # http://news.bbc.co.uk/hi/english/world/asia-pacific/newsid_424000/424764.stm 1457 # </a> 1458 # 1459 # I have not been able to find exact dates for the transition in November 1460 # yet. By reading this article it seems like Fiji will be 14 hours ahead 1461 # of UTC as well, but as far as I know Fiji will only be 13 hours ahead 1462 # (12 + 1 hour DST). 1463 1464 # From Arthur David Olson (1999-09-20): 1465 # According to <a href="http://www.tongaonline.com/news/sept1799.html"> 1466 # http://www.tongaonline.com/news/sept1799.html 1467 # </a>: 1468 # "Daylight Savings Time will take effect on Oct. 2 through April 15, 2000 1469 # and annually thereafter from the first Saturday in October through the 1470 # third Saturday of April. Under the system approved by Privy Council on 1471 # Sept. 10, clocks must be turned ahead one hour on the opening day and 1472 # set back an hour on the closing date." 1473 # Alas, no indication of the time of day. 1474 1475 # From Rives McDow (1999-10-06): 1476 # Tonga started its Daylight Saving on Saturday morning October 2nd at 0200am. 1477 # Daylight Saving ends on April 16 at 0300am which is Sunday morning. 1478 1479 # From Steffen Thorsen (2000-10-31): 1480 # Back in March I found a notice on the website http://www.tongaonline.com 1481 # that Tonga changed back to standard time one month early, on March 19 1482 # instead of the original reported date April 16. Unfortunately, the article 1483 # is no longer available on the site, and I did not make a copy of the 1484 # text, and I have forgotten to report it here. 1485 # (Original URL was: http://www.tongaonline.com/news/march162000.htm ) 1486 1487 # From Rives McDow (2000-12-01): 1488 # Tonga is observing DST as of 2000-11-04 and will stop on 2001-01-27. 1489 1490 # From Sione Moala-Mafi (2001-09-20) via Rives McDow: 1491 # At 2:00am on the first Sunday of November, the standard time in the Kingdom 1492 # shall be moved forward by one hour to 3:00am. At 2:00am on the last Sunday 1493 # of January the standard time in the Kingdom shall be moved backward by one 1494 # hour to 1:00am. 1495 1496 # From Pulu 'Anau (2002-11-05): 1497 # The law was for 3 years, supposedly to get renewed. It wasn't. 1498 1499 1500 # Wake 1501 1502 # From Vernice Anderson, Personal Secretary to Philip Jessup, 1503 # US Ambassador At Large (oral history interview, 1971-02-02): 1504 # 1505 # Saturday, the 14th [of October, 1950] -- ... The time was all the 1506 # more confusing at that point, because we had crossed the 1507 # International Date Line, thus getting two Sundays. Furthermore, we 1508 # discovered that Wake Island had two hours of daylight saving time 1509 # making calculation of time in Washington difficult if not almost 1510 # impossible. 1511 # 1512 # http://www.trumanlibrary.org/wake/meeting.htm 1513 1514 # From Paul Eggert (2003-03-23): 1515 # We have no other report of DST in Wake Island, so omit this info for now. 1516 1517 ############################################################################### 1518 1519 # The International Date Line 1520 1521 # From Gwillim Law (2000-01-03): 1522 # 1523 # The International Date Line is not defined by any international standard, 1524 # convention, or treaty. Mapmakers are free to draw it as they please. 1525 # Reputable mapmakers will simply ensure that every point of land appears on 1526 # the correct side of the IDL, according to the date legally observed there. 1527 # 1528 # When Kiribati adopted a uniform date in 1995, thereby moving the Phoenix and 1529 # Line Islands to the west side of the IDL (or, if you prefer, moving the IDL 1530 # to the east side of the Phoenix and Line Islands), I suppose that most 1531 # mapmakers redrew the IDL following the boundary of Kiribati. Even that line 1532 # has a rather arbitrary nature. The straight-line boundaries between Pacific 1533 # island nations that are shown on many maps are based on an international 1534 # convention, but are not legally binding national borders.... The date is 1535 # governed by the IDL; therefore, even on the high seas, there may be some 1536 # places as late as fourteen hours later than UTC. And, since the IDL is not 1537 # an international standard, there are some places on the high seas where the 1538 # correct date is ambiguous. 1539 1540 # From Wikipedia <http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Time_zone> (2005-08-31): 1541 # Before 1920, all ships kept local apparent time on the high seas by setting 1542 # their clocks at night or at the morning sight so that, given the ship's 1543 # speed and direction, it would be 12 o'clock when the Sun crossed the ship's 1544 # meridian (12 o'clock = local apparent noon). During 1917, at the 1545 # Anglo-French Conference on Time-keeping at Sea, it was recommended that all 1546 # ships, both military and civilian, should adopt hourly standard time zones 1547 # on the high seas. Whenever a ship was within the territorial waters of any 1548 # nation it would use that nation's standard time. The captain was permitted 1549 # to change his ship's clocks at a time of his choice following his ship's 1550 # entry into another zone time--he often chose midnight. These zones were 1551 # adopted by all major fleets between 1920 and 1925 but not by many 1552 # independent merchant ships until World War II. 1553 1554 # From Paul Eggert, using references suggested by Oscar van Vlijmen 1555 # (2005-03-20): 1556 # 1557 # The American Practical Navigator (2002) 1558 # <http://pollux.nss.nima.mil/pubs/pubs_j_apn_sections.html?rid=187> 1559 # talks only about the 180-degree meridian with respect to ships in 1560 # international waters; it ignores the international date line. 1561
