1 A. HISTORY OF THE SOFTWARE 2 ========================== 3 4 Python was created in the early 1990s by Guido van Rossum at Stichting 5 Mathematisch Centrum (CWI, see http://www.cwi.nl) in the Netherlands 6 as a successor of a language called ABC. Guido remains Python's 7 principal author, although it includes many contributions from others. 8 9 In 1995, Guido continued his work on Python at the Corporation for 10 National Research Initiatives (CNRI, see http://www.cnri.reston.va.us) 11 in Reston, Virginia where he released several versions of the 12 software. 13 14 In May 2000, Guido and the Python core development team moved to 15 BeOpen.com to form the BeOpen PythonLabs team. In October of the same 16 year, the PythonLabs team moved to Digital Creations (now Zope 17 Corporation, see http://www.zope.com). In 2001, the Python Software 18 Foundation (PSF, see http://www.python.org/psf/) was formed, a 19 non-profit organization created specifically to own Python-related 20 Intellectual Property. Zope Corporation is a sponsoring member of 21 the PSF. 22 23 All Python releases are Open Source (see http://www.opensource.org for 24 the Open Source Definition). Historically, most, but not all, Python 25 releases have also been GPL-compatible; the table below summarizes 26 the various releases. 27 28 Release Derived Year Owner GPL- 29 from compatible? (1) 30 31 0.9.0 thru 1.2 1991-1995 CWI yes 32 1.3 thru 1.5.2 1.2 1995-1999 CNRI yes 33 1.6 1.5.2 2000 CNRI no 34 2.0 1.6 2000 BeOpen.com no 35 1.6.1 1.6 2001 CNRI yes (2) 36 2.1 2.0+1.6.1 2001 PSF no 37 2.0.1 2.0+1.6.1 2001 PSF yes 38 2.1.1 2.1+2.0.1 2001 PSF yes 39 2.2 2.1.1 2001 PSF yes 40 2.1.2 2.1.1 2002 PSF yes 41 2.1.3 2.1.2 2002 PSF yes 42 2.2.1 2.2 2002 PSF yes 43 2.2.2 2.2.1 2002 PSF yes 44 2.2.3 2.2.2 2003 PSF yes 45 2.3 2.2.2 2002-2003 PSF yes 46 2.3.1 2.3 2002-2003 PSF yes 47 2.3.2 2.3.1 2002-2003 PSF yes 48 2.3.3 2.3.2 2002-2003 PSF yes 49 2.3.4 2.3.3 2004 PSF yes 50 2.3.5 2.3.4 2005 PSF yes 51 2.4 2.3 2004 PSF yes 52 2.4.1 2.4 2005 PSF yes 53 2.4.2 2.4.1 2005 PSF yes 54 2.4.3 2.4.2 2006 PSF yes 55 2.4.4 2.4.3 2006 PSF yes 56 2.5 2.4 2006 PSF yes 57 2.5.1 2.5 2007 PSF yes 58 2.5.2 2.5.2 2008 PSF yes 59 60 Footnotes: 61 62 (1) GPL-compatible doesn't mean that we're distributing Python under 63 the GPL. All Python licenses, unlike the GPL, let you distribute 64 a modified version without making your changes open source. The 65 GPL-compatible licenses make it possible to combine Python with 66 other software that is released under the GPL; the others don't. 67 68 (2) According to Richard Stallman, 1.6.1 is not GPL-compatible, 69 because its license has a choice of law clause. According to 70 CNRI, however, Stallman's lawyer has told CNRI's lawyer that 1.6.1 71 is "not incompatible" with the GPL. 72 73 Thanks to the many outside volunteers who have worked under Guido's 74 direction to make these releases possible. 75 76 77 B. TERMS AND CONDITIONS FOR ACCESSING OR OTHERWISE USING PYTHON 78 =============================================================== 79 80 PYTHON SOFTWARE FOUNDATION LICENSE VERSION 2 81 -------------------------------------------- 82 83 1. This LICENSE AGREEMENT is between the Python Software Foundation 84 ("PSF"), and the Individual or Organization ("Licensee") accessing and 85 otherwise using this software ("Python") in source or binary form and 86 its associated documentation. 87 88 2. Subject to the terms and conditions of this License Agreement, PSF 89 hereby grants Licensee a nonexclusive, royalty-free, world-wide 90 license to reproduce, analyze, test, perform and/or display publicly, 91 prepare derivative works, distribute, and otherwise use Python 92 alone or in any derivative version, provided, however, that PSF's 93 License Agreement and PSF's notice of copyright, i.e., "Copyright (c) 94 2001, 2002, 2003, 2004, 2005, 2006, 2007, 2008 Python Software Foundation; 95 All Rights Reserved" are retained in Python alone or in any derivative 96 version prepared by Licensee. 97 98 3. In the event Licensee prepares a derivative work that is based on 99 or incorporates Python or any part thereof, and wants to make 100 the derivative work available to others as provided herein, then 101 Licensee hereby agrees to include in any such work a brief summary of 102 the changes made to Python. 103 104 4. PSF is making Python available to Licensee on an "AS IS" 105 basis. PSF MAKES NO REPRESENTATIONS OR WARRANTIES, EXPRESS OR 106 IMPLIED. BY WAY OF EXAMPLE, BUT NOT LIMITATION, PSF MAKES NO AND 107 DISCLAIMS ANY REPRESENTATION OR WARRANTY OF MERCHANTABILITY OR FITNESS 108 FOR ANY PARTICULAR PURPOSE OR THAT THE USE OF PYTHON WILL NOT 109 INFRINGE ANY THIRD PARTY RIGHTS. 110 111 5. PSF SHALL NOT BE LIABLE TO LICENSEE OR ANY OTHER USERS OF PYTHON 112 FOR ANY INCIDENTAL, SPECIAL, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES OR LOSS AS 113 A RESULT OF MODIFYING, DISTRIBUTING, OR OTHERWISE USING PYTHON, 114 OR ANY DERIVATIVE THEREOF, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY THEREOF. 115 116 6. This License Agreement will automatically terminate upon a material 117 breach of its terms and conditions. 118 119 7. Nothing in this License Agreement shall be deemed to create any 120 relationship of agency, partnership, or joint venture between PSF and 121 Licensee. This License Agreement does not grant permission to use PSF 122 trademarks or trade name in a trademark sense to endorse or promote 123 products or services of Licensee, or any third party. 124 125 8. By copying, installing or otherwise using Python, Licensee 126 agrees to be bound by the terms and conditions of this License 127 Agreement. 128 129 130 BEOPEN.COM LICENSE AGREEMENT FOR PYTHON 2.0 131 ------------------------------------------- 132 133 BEOPEN PYTHON OPEN SOURCE LICENSE AGREEMENT VERSION 1 134 135 1. This LICENSE AGREEMENT is between BeOpen.com ("BeOpen"), having an 136 office at 160 Saratoga Avenue, Santa Clara, CA 95051, and the 137 Individual or Organization ("Licensee") accessing and otherwise using 138 this software in source or binary form and its associated 139 documentation ("the Software"). 140 141 2. Subject to the terms and conditions of this BeOpen Python License 142 Agreement, BeOpen hereby grants Licensee a non-exclusive, 143 royalty-free, world-wide license to reproduce, analyze, test, perform 144 and/or display publicly, prepare derivative works, distribute, and 145 otherwise use the Software alone or in any derivative version, 146 provided, however, that the BeOpen Python License is retained in the 147 Software, alone or in any derivative version prepared by Licensee. 148 149 3. BeOpen is making the Software available to Licensee on an "AS IS" 150 basis. BEOPEN MAKES NO REPRESENTATIONS OR WARRANTIES, EXPRESS OR 151 IMPLIED. BY WAY OF EXAMPLE, BUT NOT LIMITATION, BEOPEN MAKES NO AND 152 DISCLAIMS ANY REPRESENTATION OR WARRANTY OF MERCHANTABILITY OR FITNESS 153 FOR ANY PARTICULAR PURPOSE OR THAT THE USE OF THE SOFTWARE WILL NOT 154 INFRINGE ANY THIRD PARTY RIGHTS. 155 156 4. BEOPEN SHALL NOT BE LIABLE TO LICENSEE OR ANY OTHER USERS OF THE 157 SOFTWARE FOR ANY INCIDENTAL, SPECIAL, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES OR LOSS 158 AS A RESULT OF USING, MODIFYING OR DISTRIBUTING THE SOFTWARE, OR ANY 159 DERIVATIVE THEREOF, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY THEREOF. 160 161 5. This License Agreement will automatically terminate upon a material 162 breach of its terms and conditions. 163 164 6. This License Agreement shall be governed by and interpreted in all 165 respects by the law of the State of California, excluding conflict of 166 law provisions. Nothing in this License Agreement shall be deemed to 167 create any relationship of agency, partnership, or joint venture 168 between BeOpen and Licensee. This License Agreement does not grant 169 permission to use BeOpen trademarks or trade names in a trademark 170 sense to endorse or promote products or services of Licensee, or any 171 third party. As an exception, the "BeOpen Python" logos available at 172 http://www.pythonlabs.com/logos.html may be used according to the 173 permissions granted on that web page. 174 175 7. By copying, installing or otherwise using the software, Licensee 176 agrees to be bound by the terms and conditions of this License 177 Agreement. 178 179 180 CNRI LICENSE AGREEMENT FOR PYTHON 1.6.1 181 --------------------------------------- 182 183 1. This LICENSE AGREEMENT is between the Corporation for National 184 Research Initiatives, having an office at 1895 Preston White Drive, 185 Reston, VA 20191 ("CNRI"), and the Individual or Organization 186 ("Licensee") accessing and otherwise using Python 1.6.1 software in 187 source or binary form and its associated documentation. 188 189 2. Subject to the terms and conditions of this License Agreement, CNRI 190 hereby grants Licensee a nonexclusive, royalty-free, world-wide 191 license to reproduce, analyze, test, perform and/or display publicly, 192 prepare derivative works, distribute, and otherwise use Python 1.6.1 193 alone or in any derivative version, provided, however, that CNRI's 194 License Agreement and CNRI's notice of copyright, i.e., "Copyright (c) 195 1995-2001 Corporation for National Research Initiatives; All Rights 196 Reserved" are retained in Python 1.6.1 alone or in any derivative 197 version prepared by Licensee. Alternately, in lieu of CNRI's License 198 Agreement, Licensee may substitute the following text (omitting the 199 quotes): "Python 1.6.1 is made available subject to the terms and 200 conditions in CNRI's License Agreement. This Agreement together with 201 Python 1.6.1 may be located on the Internet using the following 202 unique, persistent identifier (known as a handle): 1895.22/1013. This 203 Agreement may also be obtained from a proxy server on the Internet 204 using the following URL: http://hdl.handle.net/1895.22/1013". 205 206 3. In the event Licensee prepares a derivative work that is based on 207 or incorporates Python 1.6.1 or any part thereof, and wants to make 208 the derivative work available to others as provided herein, then 209 Licensee hereby agrees to include in any such work a brief summary of 210 the changes made to Python 1.6.1. 211 212 4. CNRI is making Python 1.6.1 available to Licensee on an "AS IS" 213 basis. CNRI MAKES NO REPRESENTATIONS OR WARRANTIES, EXPRESS OR 214 IMPLIED. BY WAY OF EXAMPLE, BUT NOT LIMITATION, CNRI MAKES NO AND 215 DISCLAIMS ANY REPRESENTATION OR WARRANTY OF MERCHANTABILITY OR FITNESS 216 FOR ANY PARTICULAR PURPOSE OR THAT THE USE OF PYTHON 1.6.1 WILL NOT 217 INFRINGE ANY THIRD PARTY RIGHTS. 218 219 5. CNRI SHALL NOT BE LIABLE TO LICENSEE OR ANY OTHER USERS OF PYTHON 220 1.6.1 FOR ANY INCIDENTAL, SPECIAL, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES OR LOSS AS 221 A RESULT OF MODIFYING, DISTRIBUTING, OR OTHERWISE USING PYTHON 1.6.1, 222 OR ANY DERIVATIVE THEREOF, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY THEREOF. 223 224 6. This License Agreement will automatically terminate upon a material 225 breach of its terms and conditions. 226 227 7. This License Agreement shall be governed by the federal 228 intellectual property law of the United States, including without 229 limitation the federal copyright law, and, to the extent such 230 U.S. federal law does not apply, by the law of the Commonwealth of 231 Virginia, excluding Virginia's conflict of law provisions. 232 Notwithstanding the foregoing, with regard to derivative works based 233 on Python 1.6.1 that incorporate non-separable material that was 234 previously distributed under the GNU General Public License (GPL), the 235 law of the Commonwealth of Virginia shall govern this License 236 Agreement only as to issues arising under or with respect to 237 Paragraphs 4, 5, and 7 of this License Agreement. Nothing in this 238 License Agreement shall be deemed to create any relationship of 239 agency, partnership, or joint venture between CNRI and Licensee. This 240 License Agreement does not grant permission to use CNRI trademarks or 241 trade name in a trademark sense to endorse or promote products or 242 services of Licensee, or any third party. 243 244 8. By clicking on the "ACCEPT" button where indicated, or by copying, 245 installing or otherwise using Python 1.6.1, Licensee agrees to be 246 bound by the terms and conditions of this License Agreement. 247 248 ACCEPT 249 250 251 CWI LICENSE AGREEMENT FOR PYTHON 0.9.0 THROUGH 1.2 252 -------------------------------------------------- 253 254 Copyright (c) 1991 - 1995, Stichting Mathematisch Centrum Amsterdam, 255 The Netherlands. All rights reserved. 256 257 Permission to use, copy, modify, and distribute this software and its 258 documentation for any purpose and without fee is hereby granted, 259 provided that the above copyright notice appear in all copies and that 260 both that copyright notice and this permission notice appear in 261 supporting documentation, and that the name of Stichting Mathematisch 262 Centrum or CWI not be used in advertising or publicity pertaining to 263 distribution of the software without specific, written prior 264 permission. 265 266 STICHTING MATHEMATISCH CENTRUM DISCLAIMS ALL WARRANTIES WITH REGARD TO 267 THIS SOFTWARE, INCLUDING ALL IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND 268 FITNESS, IN NO EVENT SHALL STICHTING MATHEMATISCH CENTRUM BE LIABLE 269 FOR ANY SPECIAL, INDIRECT OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES OR ANY DAMAGES 270 WHATSOEVER RESULTING FROM LOSS OF USE, DATA OR PROFITS, WHETHER IN AN 271 ACTION OF CONTRACT, NEGLIGENCE OR OTHER TORTIOUS ACTION, ARISING OUT 272 OF OR IN CONNECTION WITH THE USE OR PERFORMANCE OF THIS SOFTWARE. 273
