1 /* 2 * Copyright (C) 2009 The Android Open Source Project 3 * 4 * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License"); 5 * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License. 6 * You may obtain a copy of the License at 7 * 8 * http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0 9 * 10 * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software 11 * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS, 12 * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied. 13 * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and 14 * limitations under the License. 15 */ 16 17 package com.example.android.apis.graphics; 18 19 import java.io.IOException; 20 import java.io.InputStream; 21 import java.nio.ByteBuffer; 22 import java.nio.ByteOrder; 23 import java.nio.CharBuffer; 24 import java.nio.FloatBuffer; 25 26 import javax.microedition.khronos.egl.EGLConfig; 27 import javax.microedition.khronos.opengles.GL; 28 import javax.microedition.khronos.opengles.GL10; 29 import javax.microedition.khronos.opengles.GL11; 30 import javax.microedition.khronos.opengles.GL11Ext; 31 32 import android.content.Context; 33 import android.graphics.Bitmap; 34 import android.graphics.BitmapFactory; 35 import android.opengl.GLSurfaceView; 36 import android.opengl.GLU; 37 import android.opengl.GLUtils; 38 import android.os.SystemClock; 39 40 import com.example.android.apis.R; 41 42 public class MatrixPaletteRenderer implements GLSurfaceView.Renderer{ 43 private Context mContext; 44 private Grid mGrid; 45 private int mTextureID; 46 47 /** A grid is a topologically rectangular array of vertices. 48 * 49 * This grid class is customized for the vertex data required for this 50 * example. 51 * 52 * The vertex and index data are held in VBO objects because on most 53 * GPUs VBO objects are the fastest way of rendering static vertex 54 * and index data. 55 * 56 */ 57 58 private static class Grid { 59 // Size of vertex data elements in bytes: 60 final static int FLOAT_SIZE = 4; 61 final static int CHAR_SIZE = 2; 62 63 // Vertex structure: 64 // float x, y, z; 65 // float u, v; 66 // float weight0, weight1; 67 // byte palette0, palette1, pad0, pad1; 68 69 final static int VERTEX_SIZE = 8 * FLOAT_SIZE; 70 final static int VERTEX_TEXTURE_BUFFER_INDEX_OFFSET = 3; 71 final static int VERTEX_WEIGHT_BUFFER_INDEX_OFFSET = 5; 72 final static int VERTEX_PALETTE_INDEX_OFFSET = 7 * FLOAT_SIZE; 73 74 private int mVertexBufferObjectId; 75 private int mElementBufferObjectId; 76 77 // These buffers are used to hold the vertex and index data while 78 // constructing the grid. Once createBufferObjects() is called 79 // the buffers are nulled out to save memory. 80 81 private ByteBuffer mVertexByteBuffer; 82 private FloatBuffer mVertexBuffer; 83 private CharBuffer mIndexBuffer; 84 85 private int mW; 86 private int mH; 87 private int mIndexCount; 88 89 public Grid(int w, int h) { 90 if (w < 0 || w >= 65536) { 91 throw new IllegalArgumentException("w"); 92 } 93 if (h < 0 || h >= 65536) { 94 throw new IllegalArgumentException("h"); 95 } 96 if (w * h >= 65536) { 97 throw new IllegalArgumentException("w * h >= 65536"); 98 } 99 100 mW = w; 101 mH = h; 102 int size = w * h; 103 104 mVertexByteBuffer = ByteBuffer.allocateDirect(VERTEX_SIZE * size) 105 .order(ByteOrder.nativeOrder()); 106 mVertexBuffer = mVertexByteBuffer.asFloatBuffer(); 107 108 int quadW = mW - 1; 109 int quadH = mH - 1; 110 int quadCount = quadW * quadH; 111 int indexCount = quadCount * 6; 112 mIndexCount = indexCount; 113 mIndexBuffer = ByteBuffer.allocateDirect(CHAR_SIZE * indexCount) 114 .order(ByteOrder.nativeOrder()).asCharBuffer(); 115 116 /* 117 * Initialize triangle list mesh. 118 * 119 * [0]-----[ 1] ... 120 * | / | 121 * | / | 122 * | / | 123 * [w]-----[w+1] ... 124 * | | 125 * 126 */ 127 128 { 129 int i = 0; 130 for (int y = 0; y < quadH; y++) { 131 for (int x = 0; x < quadW; x++) { 132 char a = (char) (y * mW + x); 133 char b = (char) (y * mW + x + 1); 134 char c = (char) ((y + 1) * mW + x); 135 char d = (char) ((y + 1) * mW + x + 1); 136 137 mIndexBuffer.put(i++, a); 138 mIndexBuffer.put(i++, c); 139 mIndexBuffer.put(i++, b); 140 141 mIndexBuffer.put(i++, b); 142 mIndexBuffer.put(i++, c); 143 mIndexBuffer.put(i++, d); 144 } 145 } 146 } 147 148 } 149 150 public void set(int i, int j, float x, float y, float z, 151 float u, float v, 152 float w0, float w1, 153 int p0, int p1) { 154 if (i < 0 || i >= mW) { 155 throw new IllegalArgumentException("i"); 156 } 157 if (j < 0 || j >= mH) { 158 throw new IllegalArgumentException("j"); 159 } 160 161 if (w0 + w1 != 1.0f) { 162 throw new IllegalArgumentException("Weights must add up to 1.0f"); 163 } 164 165 int index = mW * j + i; 166 167 mVertexBuffer.position(index * VERTEX_SIZE / FLOAT_SIZE); 168 mVertexBuffer.put(x); 169 mVertexBuffer.put(y); 170 mVertexBuffer.put(z); 171 mVertexBuffer.put(u); 172 mVertexBuffer.put(v); 173 mVertexBuffer.put(w0); 174 mVertexBuffer.put(w1); 175 176 mVertexByteBuffer.position(index * VERTEX_SIZE + VERTEX_PALETTE_INDEX_OFFSET); 177 mVertexByteBuffer.put((byte) p0); 178 mVertexByteBuffer.put((byte) p1); 179 } 180 181 public void createBufferObjects(GL gl) { 182 // Generate a the vertex and element buffer IDs 183 int[] vboIds = new int[2]; 184 GL11 gl11 = (GL11) gl; 185 gl11.glGenBuffers(2, vboIds, 0); 186 mVertexBufferObjectId = vboIds[0]; 187 mElementBufferObjectId = vboIds[1]; 188 189 // Upload the vertex data 190 gl11.glBindBuffer(GL11.GL_ARRAY_BUFFER, mVertexBufferObjectId); 191 mVertexByteBuffer.position(0); 192 gl11.glBufferData(GL11.GL_ARRAY_BUFFER, mVertexByteBuffer.capacity(), mVertexByteBuffer, GL11.GL_STATIC_DRAW); 193 194 gl11.glBindBuffer(GL11.GL_ELEMENT_ARRAY_BUFFER, mElementBufferObjectId); 195 mIndexBuffer.position(0); 196 gl11.glBufferData(GL11.GL_ELEMENT_ARRAY_BUFFER, mIndexBuffer.capacity() * CHAR_SIZE, mIndexBuffer, GL11.GL_STATIC_DRAW); 197 198 // We don't need the in-memory data any more 199 mVertexBuffer = null; 200 mVertexByteBuffer = null; 201 mIndexBuffer = null; 202 } 203 204 public void draw(GL10 gl) { 205 GL11 gl11 = (GL11) gl; 206 GL11Ext gl11Ext = (GL11Ext) gl; 207 208 gl.glEnableClientState(GL10.GL_VERTEX_ARRAY); 209 210 gl11.glBindBuffer(GL11.GL_ARRAY_BUFFER, mVertexBufferObjectId); 211 gl11.glVertexPointer(3, GL10.GL_FLOAT, VERTEX_SIZE, 0); 212 gl11.glTexCoordPointer(2, GL10.GL_FLOAT, VERTEX_SIZE, VERTEX_TEXTURE_BUFFER_INDEX_OFFSET * FLOAT_SIZE); 213 214 gl.glEnableClientState(GL11Ext.GL_MATRIX_INDEX_ARRAY_OES); 215 gl.glEnableClientState(GL11Ext.GL_WEIGHT_ARRAY_OES); 216 217 gl11Ext.glWeightPointerOES(2, GL10.GL_FLOAT, VERTEX_SIZE, VERTEX_WEIGHT_BUFFER_INDEX_OFFSET * FLOAT_SIZE); 218 gl11Ext.glMatrixIndexPointerOES(2, GL10.GL_UNSIGNED_BYTE, VERTEX_SIZE, VERTEX_PALETTE_INDEX_OFFSET ); 219 220 gl11.glBindBuffer(GL11.GL_ELEMENT_ARRAY_BUFFER, mElementBufferObjectId); 221 gl11.glDrawElements(GL10.GL_TRIANGLES, mIndexCount, GL10.GL_UNSIGNED_SHORT, 0); 222 gl.glDisableClientState(GL10.GL_VERTEX_ARRAY); 223 gl.glDisableClientState(GL11Ext.GL_MATRIX_INDEX_ARRAY_OES); 224 gl.glDisableClientState(GL11Ext.GL_WEIGHT_ARRAY_OES); 225 gl11.glBindBuffer(GL11.GL_ARRAY_BUFFER, 0); 226 gl11.glBindBuffer(GL11.GL_ELEMENT_ARRAY_BUFFER, 0); 227 } 228 } 229 230 public MatrixPaletteRenderer(Context context) { 231 mContext = context; 232 } 233 234 public void onSurfaceCreated(GL10 gl, EGLConfig config) { 235 /* 236 * By default, OpenGL enables features that improve quality 237 * but reduce performance. One might want to tweak that 238 * especially on software renderer. 239 */ 240 gl.glDisable(GL10.GL_DITHER); 241 242 /* 243 * Some one-time OpenGL initialization can be made here 244 * probably based on features of this particular context 245 */ 246 gl.glHint(GL10.GL_PERSPECTIVE_CORRECTION_HINT, 247 GL10.GL_FASTEST); 248 249 gl.glClearColor(.5f, .5f, .5f, 1); 250 gl.glShadeModel(GL10.GL_SMOOTH); 251 gl.glEnable(GL10.GL_DEPTH_TEST); 252 gl.glEnable(GL10.GL_TEXTURE_2D); 253 254 /* 255 * Create our texture. This has to be done each time the 256 * surface is created. 257 */ 258 259 int[] textures = new int[1]; 260 gl.glGenTextures(1, textures, 0); 261 262 mTextureID = textures[0]; 263 gl.glBindTexture(GL10.GL_TEXTURE_2D, mTextureID); 264 265 gl.glTexParameterf(GL10.GL_TEXTURE_2D, GL10.GL_TEXTURE_MIN_FILTER, 266 GL10.GL_NEAREST); 267 gl.glTexParameterf(GL10.GL_TEXTURE_2D, 268 GL10.GL_TEXTURE_MAG_FILTER, 269 GL10.GL_LINEAR); 270 271 gl.glTexParameterf(GL10.GL_TEXTURE_2D, GL10.GL_TEXTURE_WRAP_S, 272 GL10.GL_CLAMP_TO_EDGE); 273 gl.glTexParameterf(GL10.GL_TEXTURE_2D, GL10.GL_TEXTURE_WRAP_T, 274 GL10.GL_CLAMP_TO_EDGE); 275 276 gl.glTexEnvf(GL10.GL_TEXTURE_ENV, GL10.GL_TEXTURE_ENV_MODE, 277 GL10.GL_REPLACE); 278 279 InputStream is = mContext.getResources() 280 .openRawResource(R.raw.robot); 281 Bitmap bitmap; 282 try { 283 bitmap = BitmapFactory.decodeStream(is); 284 } finally { 285 try { 286 is.close(); 287 } catch(IOException e) { 288 // Ignore. 289 } 290 } 291 292 GLUtils.texImage2D(GL10.GL_TEXTURE_2D, 0, bitmap, 0); 293 bitmap.recycle(); 294 295 mGrid = generateWeightedGrid(gl); 296 } 297 298 public void onDrawFrame(GL10 gl) { 299 /* 300 * By default, OpenGL enables features that improve quality 301 * but reduce performance. One might want to tweak that 302 * especially on software renderer. 303 */ 304 gl.glDisable(GL10.GL_DITHER); 305 306 gl.glTexEnvx(GL10.GL_TEXTURE_ENV, GL10.GL_TEXTURE_ENV_MODE, 307 GL10.GL_MODULATE); 308 309 /* 310 * Usually, the first thing one might want to do is to clear 311 * the screen. The most efficient way of doing this is to use 312 * glClear(). 313 */ 314 315 gl.glClear(GL10.GL_COLOR_BUFFER_BIT | GL10.GL_DEPTH_BUFFER_BIT); 316 317 gl.glEnable(GL10.GL_DEPTH_TEST); 318 319 gl.glEnable(GL10.GL_CULL_FACE); 320 321 /* 322 * Now we're ready to draw some 3D objects 323 */ 324 325 gl.glMatrixMode(GL10.GL_MODELVIEW); 326 gl.glLoadIdentity(); 327 328 GLU.gluLookAt(gl, 0, 0, -5, 0f, 0f, 0f, 0f, 1.0f, 0.0f); 329 330 gl.glEnableClientState(GL10.GL_VERTEX_ARRAY); 331 gl.glEnableClientState(GL10.GL_TEXTURE_COORD_ARRAY); 332 333 gl.glActiveTexture(GL10.GL_TEXTURE0); 334 gl.glBindTexture(GL10.GL_TEXTURE_2D, mTextureID); 335 gl.glTexParameterx(GL10.GL_TEXTURE_2D, GL10.GL_TEXTURE_WRAP_S, 336 GL10.GL_REPEAT); 337 gl.glTexParameterx(GL10.GL_TEXTURE_2D, GL10.GL_TEXTURE_WRAP_T, 338 GL10.GL_REPEAT); 339 340 long time = SystemClock.uptimeMillis() % 4000L; 341 342 // Rock back and forth 343 double animationUnit = ((double) time) / 4000; 344 float unitAngle = (float) Math.cos(animationUnit * 2 * Math.PI); 345 float angle = unitAngle * 135f; 346 347 gl.glEnable(GL11Ext.GL_MATRIX_PALETTE_OES); 348 gl.glMatrixMode(GL11Ext.GL_MATRIX_PALETTE_OES); 349 350 GL11Ext gl11Ext = (GL11Ext) gl; 351 352 // matrix 0: no transformation 353 gl11Ext.glCurrentPaletteMatrixOES(0); 354 gl11Ext.glLoadPaletteFromModelViewMatrixOES(); 355 356 357 // matrix 1: rotate by "angle" 358 gl.glRotatef(angle, 0, 0, 1.0f); 359 360 gl11Ext.glCurrentPaletteMatrixOES(1); 361 gl11Ext.glLoadPaletteFromModelViewMatrixOES(); 362 363 mGrid.draw(gl); 364 365 gl.glDisable(GL11Ext.GL_MATRIX_PALETTE_OES); 366 } 367 368 public void onSurfaceChanged(GL10 gl, int w, int h) { 369 gl.glViewport(0, 0, w, h); 370 371 /* 372 * Set our projection matrix. This doesn't have to be done 373 * each time we draw, but usually a new projection needs to 374 * be set when the viewport is resized. 375 */ 376 377 float ratio = (float) w / h; 378 gl.glMatrixMode(GL10.GL_PROJECTION); 379 gl.glLoadIdentity(); 380 gl.glFrustumf(-ratio, ratio, -1, 1, 3, 7); 381 } 382 383 private Grid generateWeightedGrid(GL gl) { 384 final int uSteps = 20; 385 final int vSteps = 20; 386 387 float radius = 0.25f; 388 float height = 2.0f; 389 Grid grid = new Grid(uSteps + 1, vSteps + 1); 390 391 for (int j = 0; j <= vSteps; j++) { 392 for (int i = 0; i <= uSteps; i++) { 393 double angle = Math.PI * 2 * i / uSteps; 394 float x = radius * (float) Math.cos(angle); 395 float y = height * ((float) j / vSteps - 0.5f); 396 float z = radius * (float) Math.sin(angle); 397 float u = -4.0f * (float) i / uSteps; 398 float v = -4.0f * (float) j / vSteps; 399 float w0 = (float) j / vSteps; 400 float w1 = 1.0f - w0; 401 grid.set(i, j, x, y, z, u, v, w0, w1, 0, 1); 402 } 403 } 404 405 grid.createBufferObjects(gl); 406 return grid; 407 } 408 } 409
