1 2 @node GNU Free Documentation License 3 @appendixsec GNU Free Documentation License 4 5 @cindex FDL, GNU Free Documentation License 6 @center Version 1.2, November 2002 7 8 @display 9 Copyright @copyright{} 2000,2001,2002 Free Software Foundation, Inc. 10 51 Franklin St, Fifth Floor, Boston, MA 02110-1301, USA 11 12 Everyone is permitted to copy and distribute verbatim copies 13 of this license document, but changing it is not allowed. 14 @end display 15 16 @enumerate 0 17 @item 18 PREAMBLE 19 20 The purpose of this License is to make a manual, textbook, or other 21 functional and useful document @dfn{free} in the sense of freedom: to 22 assure everyone the effective freedom to copy and redistribute it, 23 with or without modifying it, either commercially or noncommercially. 24 Secondarily, this License preserves for the author and publisher a way 25 to get credit for their work, while not being considered responsible 26 for modifications made by others. 27 28 This License is a kind of ``copyleft'', which means that derivative 29 works of the document must themselves be free in the same sense. It 30 complements the GNU General Public License, which is a copyleft 31 license designed for free software. 32 33 We have designed this License in order to use it for manuals for free 34 software, because free software needs free documentation: a free 35 program should come with manuals providing the same freedoms that the 36 software does. But this License is not limited to software manuals; 37 it can be used for any textual work, regardless of subject matter or 38 whether it is published as a printed book. We recommend this License 39 principally for works whose purpose is instruction or reference. 40 41 @item 42 APPLICABILITY AND DEFINITIONS 43 44 This License applies to any manual or other work, in any medium, that 45 contains a notice placed by the copyright holder saying it can be 46 distributed under the terms of this License. Such a notice grants a 47 world-wide, royalty-free license, unlimited in duration, to use that 48 work under the conditions stated herein. The ``Document'', below, 49 refers to any such manual or work. Any member of the public is a 50 licensee, and is addressed as ``you''. You accept the license if you 51 copy, modify or distribute the work in a way requiring permission 52 under copyright law. 53 54 A ``Modified Version'' of the Document means any work containing the 55 Document or a portion of it, either copied verbatim, or with 56 modifications and/or translated into another language. 57 58 A ``Secondary Section'' is a named appendix or a front-matter section 59 of the Document that deals exclusively with the relationship of the 60 publishers or authors of the Document to the Document's overall 61 subject (or to related matters) and contains nothing that could fall 62 directly within that overall subject. (Thus, if the Document is in 63 part a textbook of mathematics, a Secondary Section may not explain 64 any mathematics.) The relationship could be a matter of historical 65 connection with the subject or with related matters, or of legal, 66 commercial, philosophical, ethical or political position regarding 67 them. 68 69 The ``Invariant Sections'' are certain Secondary Sections whose titles 70 are designated, as being those of Invariant Sections, in the notice 71 that says that the Document is released under this License. If a 72 section does not fit the above definition of Secondary then it is not 73 allowed to be designated as Invariant. The Document may contain zero 74 Invariant Sections. If the Document does not identify any Invariant 75 Sections then there are none. 76 77 The ``Cover Texts'' are certain short passages of text that are listed, 78 as Front-Cover Texts or Back-Cover Texts, in the notice that says that 79 the Document is released under this License. A Front-Cover Text may 80 be at most 5 words, and a Back-Cover Text may be at most 25 words. 81 82 A ``Transparent'' copy of the Document means a machine-readable copy, 83 represented in a format whose specification is available to the 84 general public, that is suitable for revising the document 85 straightforwardly with generic text editors or (for images composed of 86 pixels) generic paint programs or (for drawings) some widely available 87 drawing editor, and that is suitable for input to text formatters or 88 for automatic translation to a variety of formats suitable for input 89 to text formatters. A copy made in an otherwise Transparent file 90 format whose markup, or absence of markup, has been arranged to thwart 91 or discourage subsequent modification by readers is not Transparent. 92 An image format is not Transparent if used for any substantial amount 93 of text. A copy that is not ``Transparent'' is called ``Opaque''. 94 95 Examples of suitable formats for Transparent copies include plain 96 @sc{ascii} without markup, Texinfo input format, La@TeX{} input 97 format, @acronym{SGML} or @acronym{XML} using a publicly available 98 @acronym{DTD}, and standard-conforming simple @acronym{HTML}, 99 PostScript or @acronym{PDF} designed for human modification. Examples 100 of transparent image formats include @acronym{PNG}, @acronym{XCF} and 101 @acronym{JPG}. Opaque formats include proprietary formats that can be 102 read and edited only by proprietary word processors, @acronym{SGML} or 103 @acronym{XML} for which the @acronym{DTD} and/or processing tools are 104 not generally available, and the machine-generated @acronym{HTML}, 105 PostScript or @acronym{PDF} produced by some word processors for 106 output purposes only. 107 108 The ``Title Page'' means, for a printed book, the title page itself, 109 plus such following pages as are needed to hold, legibly, the material 110 this License requires to appear in the title page. For works in 111 formats which do not have any title page as such, ``Title Page'' means 112 the text near the most prominent appearance of the work's title, 113 preceding the beginning of the body of the text. 114 115 A section ``Entitled XYZ'' means a named subunit of the Document whose 116 title either is precisely XYZ or contains XYZ in parentheses following 117 text that translates XYZ in another language. (Here XYZ stands for a 118 specific section name mentioned below, such as ``Acknowledgements'', 119 ``Dedications'', ``Endorsements'', or ``History''.) To ``Preserve the Title'' 120 of such a section when you modify the Document means that it remains a 121 section ``Entitled XYZ'' according to this definition. 122 123 The Document may include Warranty Disclaimers next to the notice which 124 states that this License applies to the Document. These Warranty 125 Disclaimers are considered to be included by reference in this 126 License, but only as regards disclaiming warranties: any other 127 implication that these Warranty Disclaimers may have is void and has 128 no effect on the meaning of this License. 129 130 @item 131 VERBATIM COPYING 132 133 You may copy and distribute the Document in any medium, either 134 commercially or noncommercially, provided that this License, the 135 copyright notices, and the license notice saying this License applies 136 to the Document are reproduced in all copies, and that you add no other 137 conditions whatsoever to those of this License. You may not use 138 technical measures to obstruct or control the reading or further 139 copying of the copies you make or distribute. However, you may accept 140 compensation in exchange for copies. If you distribute a large enough 141 number of copies you must also follow the conditions in section 3. 142 143 You may also lend copies, under the same conditions stated above, and 144 you may publicly display copies. 145 146 @item 147 COPYING IN QUANTITY 148 149 If you publish printed copies (or copies in media that commonly have 150 printed covers) of the Document, numbering more than 100, and the 151 Document's license notice requires Cover Texts, you must enclose the 152 copies in covers that carry, clearly and legibly, all these Cover 153 Texts: Front-Cover Texts on the front cover, and Back-Cover Texts on 154 the back cover. Both covers must also clearly and legibly identify 155 you as the publisher of these copies. The front cover must present 156 the full title with all words of the title equally prominent and 157 visible. You may add other material on the covers in addition. 158 Copying with changes limited to the covers, as long as they preserve 159 the title of the Document and satisfy these conditions, can be treated 160 as verbatim copying in other respects. 161 162 If the required texts for either cover are too voluminous to fit 163 legibly, you should put the first ones listed (as many as fit 164 reasonably) on the actual cover, and continue the rest onto adjacent 165 pages. 166 167 If you publish or distribute Opaque copies of the Document numbering 168 more than 100, you must either include a machine-readable Transparent 169 copy along with each Opaque copy, or state in or with each Opaque copy 170 a computer-network location from which the general network-using 171 public has access to download using public-standard network protocols 172 a complete Transparent copy of the Document, free of added material. 173 If you use the latter option, you must take reasonably prudent steps, 174 when you begin distribution of Opaque copies in quantity, to ensure 175 that this Transparent copy will remain thus accessible at the stated 176 location until at least one year after the last time you distribute an 177 Opaque copy (directly or through your agents or retailers) of that 178 edition to the public. 179 180 It is requested, but not required, that you contact the authors of the 181 Document well before redistributing any large number of copies, to give 182 them a chance to provide you with an updated version of the Document. 183 184 @item 185 MODIFICATIONS 186 187 You may copy and distribute a Modified Version of the Document under 188 the conditions of sections 2 and 3 above, provided that you release 189 the Modified Version under precisely this License, with the Modified 190 Version filling the role of the Document, thus licensing distribution 191 and modification of the Modified Version to whoever possesses a copy 192 of it. In addition, you must do these things in the Modified Version: 193 194 @enumerate A 195 @item 196 Use in the Title Page (and on the covers, if any) a title distinct 197 from that of the Document, and from those of previous versions 198 (which should, if there were any, be listed in the History section 199 of the Document). You may use the same title as a previous version 200 if the original publisher of that version gives permission. 201 202 @item 203 List on the Title Page, as authors, one or more persons or entities 204 responsible for authorship of the modifications in the Modified 205 Version, together with at least five of the principal authors of the 206 Document (all of its principal authors, if it has fewer than five), 207 unless they release you from this requirement. 208 209 @item 210 State on the Title page the name of the publisher of the 211 Modified Version, as the publisher. 212 213 @item 214 Preserve all the copyright notices of the Document. 215 216 @item 217 Add an appropriate copyright notice for your modifications 218 adjacent to the other copyright notices. 219 220 @item 221 Include, immediately after the copyright notices, a license notice 222 giving the public permission to use the Modified Version under the 223 terms of this License, in the form shown in the Addendum below. 224 225 @item 226 Preserve in that license notice the full lists of Invariant Sections 227 and required Cover Texts given in the Document's license notice. 228 229 @item 230 Include an unaltered copy of this License. 231 232 @item 233 Preserve the section Entitled ``History'', Preserve its Title, and add 234 to it an item stating at least the title, year, new authors, and 235 publisher of the Modified Version as given on the Title Page. If 236 there is no section Entitled ``History'' in the Document, create one 237 stating the title, year, authors, and publisher of the Document as 238 given on its Title Page, then add an item describing the Modified 239 Version as stated in the previous sentence. 240 241 @item 242 Preserve the network location, if any, given in the Document for 243 public access to a Transparent copy of the Document, and likewise 244 the network locations given in the Document for previous versions 245 it was based on. These may be placed in the ``History'' section. 246 You may omit a network location for a work that was published at 247 least four years before the Document itself, or if the original 248 publisher of the version it refers to gives permission. 249 250 @item 251 For any section Entitled ``Acknowledgements'' or ``Dedications'', Preserve 252 the Title of the section, and preserve in the section all the 253 substance and tone of each of the contributor acknowledgements and/or 254 dedications given therein. 255 256 @item 257 Preserve all the Invariant Sections of the Document, 258 unaltered in their text and in their titles. Section numbers 259 or the equivalent are not considered part of the section titles. 260 261 @item 262 Delete any section Entitled ``Endorsements''. Such a section 263 may not be included in the Modified Version. 264 265 @item 266 Do not retitle any existing section to be Entitled ``Endorsements'' or 267 to conflict in title with any Invariant Section. 268 269 @item 270 Preserve any Warranty Disclaimers. 271 @end enumerate 272 273 If the Modified Version includes new front-matter sections or 274 appendices that qualify as Secondary Sections and contain no material 275 copied from the Document, you may at your option designate some or all 276 of these sections as invariant. To do this, add their titles to the 277 list of Invariant Sections in the Modified Version's license notice. 278 These titles must be distinct from any other section titles. 279 280 You may add a section Entitled ``Endorsements'', provided it contains 281 nothing but endorsements of your Modified Version by various 282 parties---for example, statements of peer review or that the text has 283 been approved by an organization as the authoritative definition of a 284 standard. 285 286 You may add a passage of up to five words as a Front-Cover Text, and a 287 passage of up to 25 words as a Back-Cover Text, to the end of the list 288 of Cover Texts in the Modified Version. Only one passage of 289 Front-Cover Text and one of Back-Cover Text may be added by (or 290 through arrangements made by) any one entity. If the Document already 291 includes a cover text for the same cover, previously added by you or 292 by arrangement made by the same entity you are acting on behalf of, 293 you may not add another; but you may replace the old one, on explicit 294 permission from the previous publisher that added the old one. 295 296 The author(s) and publisher(s) of the Document do not by this License 297 give permission to use their names for publicity for or to assert or 298 imply endorsement of any Modified Version. 299 300 @item 301 COMBINING DOCUMENTS 302 303 You may combine the Document with other documents released under this 304 License, under the terms defined in section 4 above for modified 305 versions, provided that you include in the combination all of the 306 Invariant Sections of all of the original documents, unmodified, and 307 list them all as Invariant Sections of your combined work in its 308 license notice, and that you preserve all their Warranty Disclaimers. 309 310 The combined work need only contain one copy of this License, and 311 multiple identical Invariant Sections may be replaced with a single 312 copy. If there are multiple Invariant Sections with the same name but 313 different contents, make the title of each such section unique by 314 adding at the end of it, in parentheses, the name of the original 315 author or publisher of that section if known, or else a unique number. 316 Make the same adjustment to the section titles in the list of 317 Invariant Sections in the license notice of the combined work. 318 319 In the combination, you must combine any sections Entitled ``History'' 320 in the various original documents, forming one section Entitled 321 ``History''; likewise combine any sections Entitled ``Acknowledgements'', 322 and any sections Entitled ``Dedications''. You must delete all 323 sections Entitled ``Endorsements.'' 324 325 @item 326 COLLECTIONS OF DOCUMENTS 327 328 You may make a collection consisting of the Document and other documents 329 released under this License, and replace the individual copies of this 330 License in the various documents with a single copy that is included in 331 the collection, provided that you follow the rules of this License for 332 verbatim copying of each of the documents in all other respects. 333 334 You may extract a single document from such a collection, and distribute 335 it individually under this License, provided you insert a copy of this 336 License into the extracted document, and follow this License in all 337 other respects regarding verbatim copying of that document. 338 339 @item 340 AGGREGATION WITH INDEPENDENT WORKS 341 342 A compilation of the Document or its derivatives with other separate 343 and independent documents or works, in or on a volume of a storage or 344 distribution medium, is called an ``aggregate'' if the copyright 345 resulting from the compilation is not used to limit the legal rights 346 of the compilation's users beyond what the individual works permit. 347 When the Document is included in an aggregate, this License does not 348 apply to the other works in the aggregate which are not themselves 349 derivative works of the Document. 350 351 If the Cover Text requirement of section 3 is applicable to these 352 copies of the Document, then if the Document is less than one half of 353 the entire aggregate, the Document's Cover Texts may be placed on 354 covers that bracket the Document within the aggregate, or the 355 electronic equivalent of covers if the Document is in electronic form. 356 Otherwise they must appear on printed covers that bracket the whole 357 aggregate. 358 359 @item 360 TRANSLATION 361 362 Translation is considered a kind of modification, so you may 363 distribute translations of the Document under the terms of section 4. 364 Replacing Invariant Sections with translations requires special 365 permission from their copyright holders, but you may include 366 translations of some or all Invariant Sections in addition to the 367 original versions of these Invariant Sections. You may include a 368 translation of this License, and all the license notices in the 369 Document, and any Warranty Disclaimers, provided that you also include 370 the original English version of this License and the original versions 371 of those notices and disclaimers. In case of a disagreement between 372 the translation and the original version of this License or a notice 373 or disclaimer, the original version will prevail. 374 375 If a section in the Document is Entitled ``Acknowledgements'', 376 ``Dedications'', or ``History'', the requirement (section 4) to Preserve 377 its Title (section 1) will typically require changing the actual 378 title. 379 380 @item 381 TERMINATION 382 383 You may not copy, modify, sublicense, or distribute the Document except 384 as expressly provided for under this License. Any other attempt to 385 copy, modify, sublicense or distribute the Document is void, and will 386 automatically terminate your rights under this License. However, 387 parties who have received copies, or rights, from you under this 388 License will not have their licenses terminated so long as such 389 parties remain in full compliance. 390 391 @item 392 FUTURE REVISIONS OF THIS LICENSE 393 394 The Free Software Foundation may publish new, revised versions 395 of the GNU Free Documentation License from time to time. Such new 396 versions will be similar in spirit to the present version, but may 397 differ in detail to address new problems or concerns. See 398 @uref{http://www.gnu.org/copyleft/}. 399 400 Each version of the License is given a distinguishing version number. 401 If the Document specifies that a particular numbered version of this 402 License ``or any later version'' applies to it, you have the option of 403 following the terms and conditions either of that specified version or 404 of any later version that has been published (not as a draft) by the 405 Free Software Foundation. If the Document does not specify a version 406 number of this License, you may choose any version ever published (not 407 as a draft) by the Free Software Foundation. 408 @end enumerate 409 410 @page 411 @appendixsubsec ADDENDUM: How to use this License for your documents 412 413 To use this License in a document you have written, include a copy of 414 the License in the document and put the following copyright and 415 license notices just after the title page: 416 417 @smallexample 418 @group 419 Copyright (C) @var{year} @var{your name}. 420 Permission is granted to copy, distribute and/or modify this document 421 under the terms of the GNU Free Documentation License, Version 1.2 422 or any later version published by the Free Software Foundation; 423 with no Invariant Sections, no Front-Cover Texts, and no Back-Cover 424 Texts. A copy of the license is included in the section entitled ``GNU 425 Free Documentation License''. 426 @end group 427 @end smallexample 428 429 If you have Invariant Sections, Front-Cover Texts and Back-Cover Texts, 430 replace the ``with...Texts.'' line with this: 431 432 @smallexample 433 @group 434 with the Invariant Sections being @var{list their titles}, with 435 the Front-Cover Texts being @var{list}, and with the Back-Cover Texts 436 being @var{list}. 437 @end group 438 @end smallexample 439 440 If you have Invariant Sections without Cover Texts, or some other 441 combination of the three, merge those two alternatives to suit the 442 situation. 443 444 If your document contains nontrivial examples of program code, we 445 recommend releasing these examples in parallel under your choice of 446 free software license, such as the GNU General Public License, 447 to permit their use in free software. 448 449 @c Local Variables: 450 @c ispell-local-pdict: "ispell-dict" 451 @c End: 452 453
