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      6 <div id="qv-wrapper">
      7     <div id="qv">
      8         <h2>In this document</h2>
      9             <ol>
     10                 <li>
     11                     <a href="#CreateTestProjectCommand">Working with Test Projects</a>
     12                     <ol>
     13                         <li>
     14                             <a href="#CreateTestProject">Creating a test project</a>
     15                         </li>
     16                         <li>
     17                             <a href="#UpdateTestProject">Updating a test project</a>
     18                         </li>
     19                     </ol>
     20                 </li>
     21                 <li>
     22                     <a href="#CreateTestApp">Creating a Test Package</a>
     23                 </li>
     24                 <li>
     25                     <a href="#RunTestsCommand">Running Tests</a>
     26                     <ol>
     27                         <li>
     28                             <a href="#RunTestsAnt">Quick build and run with Ant</a>
     29                         </li>
     30                         <li>
     31                             <a href="#RunTestsDevice">Running tests on a device or emulator</a>
     32                         </li>
     33                     </ol>
     34                 </li>
     35                 <li>
     36                     <a href="#AMSyntax">Using the Instrument Command</a>
     37                     <ol>
     38                         <li>
     39                             <a href="#AMOptionsSyntax">Instrument options</a>
     40                         </li>
     41                         <li>
     42                             <a href="#RunTestExamples">Instrument examples</a>
     43                         </li>
     44                     </ol>
     45                 </li>
     46             </ol>
     47         <h2>See Also</h2>
     48             <ol>
     49                 <li>
     50                     <a href="{@docRoot}guide/topics/testing/testing_android.html">
     51                         Testing Fundamentals</a>
     52                 </li>
     53                 <li>
     54                     <a href="{@docRoot}guide/developing/tools/adb.html">Android Debug Bridge</a>
     55                 </li>
     56             </ol>
     57     </div>
     58 </div>
     59 <p>
     60     This document describes how to create and run tests directly from the command line.
     61     You can use the techniques described here if you are developing in an IDE other than Eclipse
     62     or if you prefer to work from the command line. This document assumes that you already know how
     63     to create a Android application in your programming environment. Before you start this
     64     document, you should read the topic
     65     <a href="{@docRoot}guide/topics/testing/testing_android.html">Testing Fundamentals</a>,
     66     which provides an overview of Android testing.
     67 </p>
     68 <p>
     69     If you are developing in Eclipse with ADT, you can set up and run your tests
     70     directly in Eclipse. For more information, please read
     71     <a href="{@docRoot}guide/developing/testing/testing_eclipse.html">
     72     Testing from Eclipse with ADT</a>.
     73 </p>
     74 <h2 id="CreateTestProjectCommand">Working with Test Projects</h2>
     75 <p>
     76     You use the <code>android</code> tool to create test projects.
     77     You also use <code>android</code> to convert existing test code into an Android test project,
     78     or to add the <code>run-tests</code> Ant target to an existing Android test project.
     79     These operations are described in more detail in the section <a href="#UpdateTestProject">
     80     Updating a test project</a>. The <code>run-tests</code> target is described in
     81     <a href="#RunTestsAnt">Quick build and run with Ant</a>.
     82 </p>
     83 <h3 id="CreateTestProject">Creating a test project</h3>
     84 <p>
     85     To create a test project with the <code>android</code> tool, enter:
     86 </p>
     87 <pre>
     88 android create test-project -m &lt;main_path&gt; -n &lt;project_name&gt; -p &lt;test_path&gt;
     89 </pre>
     90 <p>
     91     You must supply all the flags. The following table explains them in detail:
     92 </p>
     93 <table>
     94     <tr>
     95         <th>Flag</th>
     96         <th>Value</th>
     97         <th>Description</th>
     98     </tr>
     99     <tr>
    100         <td><code>-m, --main</code></td>
    101         <td>
    102             Path to the project of the application under test, relative to the test package
    103             directory.
    104         </td>
    105         <td>
    106             For example, if the application under test is in <code>source/HelloAndroid</code>, and
    107             you want to create the test project in <code>source/HelloAndroidTest</code>, then the
    108             value of <code>--main</code> should be <code>../HelloAndroid</code>.
    109         <p>
    110             To learn more about choosing the location of test projects, please read
    111             <a href="{@docRoot}guide/topics/testing/testing_android.html#TestProjects">
    112             Testing Fundamentals</a>.
    113         </p>
    114         </td>
    115     </tr>
    116     <tr>
    117         <td><code>-n, --name</code></td>
    118         <td>Name that you want to give the test project.</td>
    119         <td>&nbsp;</td>
    120     </tr>
    121     <tr>
    122         <td><code>-p, --path</code></td>
    123         <td>Directory in which you want to create the new test project.</td>
    124         <td>
    125             The <code>android</code> tool creates the test project files and directory structure
    126             in this directory. If the directory does not exist, <code>android</code> creates it.
    127         </td>
    128     </tr>
    129 </table>
    130 <p>
    131     If the operation is successful, <code>android</code> lists to STDOUT the names of the files
    132     and directories it has created.
    133 </p>
    134 <p>
    135     This creates a new test project with the appropriate directories and build files. The directory
    136     structure and build file contents are identical to those in a regular Android application
    137     project. They are described in detail in the topic
    138     <a href="{@docRoot}guide/developing/projects/index.html">Managing Projects</a>.
    139 </p>
    140 <p>
    141     The operation also creates an <code>AndroidManifest.xml</code> file with instrumentation
    142     information. When you run the test, Android uses this information to load the application you
    143     are testing and control it with instrumentation.
    144 </p>
    145 <p>
    146     For example, suppose you create the <a href="{@docRoot}resources/tutorials/hello-world.html">
    147     Hello, World</a> tutorial application in the directory <code>~/source/HelloAndroid</code>.
    148     In the tutorial, this application uses the package name <code>com.example.helloandroid</code>
    149     and the activity name <code>HelloAndroid</code>. You can to create the test for this in
    150     <code>~/source/HelloAndroidTest</code>. To do so, you enter:
    151 </p>
    152 <pre>
    153 $ cd ~/source
    154 $ android create test-project -m ../HelloAndroid -n HelloAndroidTest -p HelloAndroidTest
    155 </pre>
    156 <p>
    157     This creates a directory called <code>~/src/HelloAndroidTest</code>. In the new directory you
    158     see the file <code>AndroidManifest.xml</code>. This file contains the following
    159     instrumentation-related elements and attributes:
    160 </p>
    161 <ul>
    162     <li>
    163         <code>&lt;application&gt;</code>: to contain the
    164         <code>&lt;uses-library&gt;</code> element.
    165     </li>
    166     <li>
    167         <code>&lt;uses-library android:name=&quot;android.test.runner&quot;</code>:
    168         specifies this testing application uses the <code>android.test.runner</code> library.
    169     </li>
    170     <li>
    171         <code>&lt;instrumentation&gt;</code>: contains attributes that control Android
    172         instrumentation. The attributes are:
    173         <ul>
    174             <li>
    175                 <code>android:name=&quot;android.test.InstrumentationTestRunner&quot;</code>:
    176                 {@link android.test.InstrumentationTestRunner} runs test cases. It extends both
    177                 JUnit test case runner classes and Android instrumentation classes.
    178             </li>
    179             <li>
    180                 <code>android:targetPackage=&quot;com.example.helloandroid&quot;</code>: specifies
    181                 that the tests in HelloAndroidTest should be run against the application with the
    182                 <em>Android</em> package name <code>com.example.helloandroid</code>. This is the
    183                 package name of the <a
    184                 href="{@docRoot}resources/tutorials/hello-world.html">Hello, World</a>
    185                 tutorial application.
    186             </li>
    187             <li>
    188                 <code>android:label=&quot;Tests for .HelloAndroid&quot;</code>: specifies a
    189                 user-readable label for the instrumentation class. By default,
    190                 the <code>android</code> tool gives it the value &quot;Tests for &quot; plus
    191                 the name of the main Activity of the application under test.
    192             </li>
    193         </ul>
    194     </li>
    195 </ul>
    196 <h3 id="UpdateTestProject">Updating a test project</h3>
    197 <p>
    198     You use the <code>android</code> tool when you need to change the path to the
    199     project of the application under test. If you are changing an existing test project created in
    200     Eclipse with ADT so that you can also build and run it from the command line, you must use the
    201     "create" operation. See the section <a href="#CreateTestProject">Creating a test project</a>.
    202 </p>
    203 <p class="note">
    204     <strong>Note:</strong> If you change the Android package name of the application under test,
    205     you must <em>manually</em> change the value of the <code>&lt;android:targetPackage&gt;</code>
    206     attribute within the <code>AndroidManifest.xml</code> file of the test package.
    207     Running <code>android update test-project</code> does not do this.
    208 </p>
    209 <p>
    210   To update a test project with the <code>android</code> tool, enter:
    211 </p>
    212 <pre>android update-test-project -m &lt;main_path&gt; -p &lt;test_path&gt;</pre>
    213 
    214 <table>
    215     <tr>
    216         <th>Flag</th>
    217         <th>Value</th>
    218         <th>Description</th>
    219     </tr>
    220     <tr>
    221         <td><code>-m, --main</code></td>
    222         <td>The path to the project of the application under test, relative to the test project</td>
    223         <td>
    224             For example, if the application under test is in <code>source/HelloAndroid</code>, and
    225             the test project is in <code>source/HelloAndroidTest</code>, then the value for
    226             <code>--main</code> is <code>../HelloAndroid</code>.
    227         </td>
    228     </tr>
    229     <tr>
    230         <td><code>-p, --path</code></td>
    231         <td>The of the test project.</td>
    232         <td>
    233             For example, if the test project is in <code>source/HelloAndroidTest</code>, then the
    234             value for <code>--path</code> is <code>HelloAndroidTest</code>.
    235         </td>
    236     </tr>
    237 </table>
    238 <p>
    239     If the operation is successful, <code>android</code> lists to STDOUT the names of the files
    240     and directories it has created.
    241 </p>
    242 <h2 id="CreateTestApp">Creating a Test Package</h2>
    243 <p>
    244     Once you have created a test project, you populate it with a test package.
    245     The application does not require an {@link android.app.Activity Activity},
    246     although you can define one if you wish. Although your test package can
    247     combine Activities, Android test class extensions, JUnit extensions, or
    248     ordinary classes, you should extend one of the Android test classes or JUnit classes,
    249     because these provide the best testing features.
    250 </p>
    251 <p>
    252     If you run your tests with {@link android.test.InstrumentationTestRunner}
    253     (or a related test runner), then it will run all the methods in each class. You can modify
    254     this behavior by using the {@link junit.framework.TestSuite TestSuite} class.
    255 </p>
    256 
    257 <p>
    258     To create a test package, start with one of Android's test classes in the Java package
    259     {@link android.test android.test}. These extend the JUnit
    260     {@link junit.framework.TestCase TestCase} class. With a few exceptions, the Android test
    261     classes also provide instrumentation for testing.
    262 </p>
    263 <p>
    264     For test classes that extend {@link junit.framework.TestCase TestCase}, you probably want to
    265     override the <code>setUp()</code> and <code>tearDown()</code> methods:
    266 </p>
    267 <ul>
    268     <li>
    269         <code>setUp()</code>: This method is invoked before any of the test methods in the class.
    270         Use it to set up the environment for the test. You can use <code>setUp()</code>
    271         to instantiate a new <code>Intent</code> object with the action <code>ACTION_MAIN</code>.
    272         You can then use this intent to start the Activity under test.
    273         <p class="note">
    274             <strong>Note:</strong> If you override this method, call
    275             <code>super.setUp()</code> as the first statement in your code.
    276         </p>
    277     </li>
    278     <li>
    279         <code>tearDown()</code>: This method is invoked after all the test methods in the class. Use
    280         it to do garbage collection and re-setting before moving on to the next set of tests.
    281         <p class="note"><strong>Note:</strong> If you override this method, you must call
    282         <code>super.tearDown()</code> as the <em>last</em> statement in your code.</p>
    283     </li>
    284 </ul>
    285 <p>
    286     Another useful convention is to add the method <code>testPreConditions()</code> to your test
    287     class. Use this method to test that the application under test is initialized correctly. If this
    288     test fails, you know that that the initial conditions were in error. When this happens, further
    289     test results are suspect, regardless of whether or not the tests succeeded.
    290 </p>
    291 <p>
    292     To learn more about creating test packages, see the topic <a
    293     href="{@docRoot}guide/topics/testing/testing_android.html">Testing Fundamentals</a>,
    294     which provides an overview of Android testing. If you prefer to follow a tutorial,
    295     try the <a href="{@docRoot}resources/tutorials/testing/activity_test.html">Activity Testing</a>
    296     tutorial, which leads you through the creation of tests for an actual Android application.
    297 </p>
    298 <h2 id="RunTestsCommand">Running Tests</h2>
    299 <p>
    300     You run tests from the command line, either with Ant or with an
    301     <a href="{@docRoot}guide/developing/tools/adb.html">
    302     Android Debug Bridge (adb)</a> shell.
    303 </p>
    304 <h3 id="RunTestsAnt">Quick build and run with Ant</h3>
    305 <p>
    306     You can use Ant to run all the tests in your test project, using the target
    307     <code>run-tests</code>, which is created automatically when you create a test project with
    308     the <code>android</code> tool.
    309 </p>
    310 <p>
    311     This target re-builds your main project and test project if necessary, installs the test
    312     application to the current AVD or device, and then runs all the test classes in the test
    313     application. The results are directed to <code>STDOUT</code>.
    314 </p>
    315 <p>
    316     You can update an existing test project to use this feature. To do this, use the
    317     <code>android</code> tool with the <code>update test-project</code> option. This is described
    318     in the section <a href="#UpdateTestProject">Updating a test project</a>.
    319 </p>
    320 <h3 id="RunTestsDevice">Running tests on a device or emulator</h3>
    321 <p>
    322     When you run tests from the command line with
    323     <a href="{@docRoot}guide/developing/tools/adb.html">
    324     Android Debug Bridge (adb)</a>, you get more options for choosing the tests
    325     to run than with any other method. You can select individual test methods, filter tests
    326     according to their annotation, or specify testing options. Since the test run is controlled
    327     entirely from a command line, you can customize your testing with shell scripts in various ways.
    328 </p>
    329 <p>
    330     To run a test from the command line, you run <code>adb shell</code> to start a command-line
    331     shell on your device or emulator, and then in the shell run the <code>am instrument</code>
    332     command. You control <code>am</code> and your tests with command-line flags.
    333 </p>
    334 <p>
    335     As a shortcut, you can start an <code>adb</code> shell, call <code>am instrument</code>, and
    336     specify command-line flags all on one input line. The shell opens on the device or emulator,
    337     runs your tests, produces output, and then returns to the command line on your computer.
    338 </p>
    339 <p>
    340     To run a test with <code>am instrument</code>:
    341 </p>
    342 <ol>
    343     <li>
    344         If necessary, rebuild your main application and test package.
    345     </li>
    346     <li>
    347         Install your test package and main application Android package files
    348         (<code>.apk</code> files) to your current Android device or emulator</li>
    349     <li>
    350         At the command line, enter:
    351 <pre>
    352 $ adb shell am instrument -w &lt;test_package_name&gt;/&lt;runner_class&gt;
    353 </pre>
    354         <p>
    355             where <code>&lt;test_package_name&gt;</code> is the Android package name of your test
    356             application, and <code>&lt;runner_class&gt;</code> is the name of the Android test
    357             runner class you are using. The Android package name is the value of the
    358             <code>package</code> attribute of the <code>manifest</code> element in the manifest file
    359             (<code>AndroidManifest.xml</code>) of your test package. The Android test runner
    360             class is usually {@link android.test.InstrumentationTestRunner}.
    361         </p>
    362         <p>
    363             Your test results appear in <code>STDOUT</code>.
    364         </p>
    365     </li>
    366 </ol>
    367 <p>
    368     This operation starts an <code>adb</code> shell, then runs <code>am instrument</code>
    369     with the specified parameters. This particular form of the command will run all of the tests
    370     in your test package. You can control this behavior with flags that you pass to
    371     <code>am instrument</code>. These flags are described in the next section.
    372 </p>
    373 <h2 id="AMSyntax">Using the am instrument Command</h2>
    374 <p>
    375     The general syntax of the <code>am instrument</code> command is:
    376 </p>
    377 <pre>
    378     am instrument [flags] &lt;test_package&gt;/&lt;runner_class&gt;
    379 </pre>
    380 <p>
    381     The main input parameters to <code>am instrument</code> are described in the following table:
    382 </p>
    383 <table>
    384     <tr>
    385         <th>
    386             Parameter
    387         </th>
    388         <th>
    389             Value
    390         </th>
    391         <th>
    392             Description
    393         </th>
    394     </tr>
    395     <tr>
    396         <td>
    397             <code>&lt;test_package&gt;</code>
    398         </td>
    399         <td>
    400             The Android package name of the test package.
    401         </td>
    402         <td>
    403             The value of the <code>package</code> attribute of the <code>manifest</code>
    404             element in the test package's manifest file.
    405         </td>
    406     </tr>
    407     <tr>
    408         <td>
    409             <code>&lt;runner_class&gt;</code>
    410         </td>
    411         <td>
    412             The class name of the instrumented test runner you are using.
    413         </td>
    414         <td>
    415             This is usually {@link android.test.InstrumentationTestRunner}.
    416         </td>
    417     </tr>
    418 </table>
    419 <p>
    420     The flags for <code>am instrument</code> are described in the following table:
    421 </p>
    422 <table>
    423     <tr>
    424         <th>
    425             Flag
    426         </th>
    427         <th>
    428             Value
    429         </th>
    430         <th>
    431             Description
    432         </th>
    433     </tr>
    434     <tr>
    435         <td>
    436             <code>-w</code>
    437         </td>
    438         <td>
    439             (none)
    440         </td>
    441         <td>
    442             Forces <code>am instrument</code> to wait until the instrumentation terminates
    443             before terminating itself. The net effect is to keep the shell open until the tests
    444             have finished. This flag is not required, but if you do not use it, you will not
    445             see the results of your tests.
    446         </td>
    447     </tr>
    448     <tr>
    449         <td>
    450             <code>-r</code>
    451         </td>
    452         <td>
    453             (none)
    454         </td>
    455         <td>
    456             Outputs results in raw format. Use this flag when you want to collect
    457             performance measurements, so that they are not formatted as test results. This flag is
    458             designed for use with the flag <code>-e perf true</code> (documented in the section
    459             <a href="#AMOptionsSyntax">Instrument options</a>).
    460         </td>
    461     </tr>
    462     <tr>
    463         <td>
    464             <code>-e</code>
    465         </td>
    466         <td>
    467              &lt;test_options&gt;
    468         </td>
    469         <td>
    470             Provides testing options as key-value pairs. The
    471             <code>am instrument</code> tool passes these to the specified instrumentation class
    472             via its <code>onCreate()</code> method. You can specify multiple occurrences of
    473             <code>-e &lt;test_options&gt;</code>. The keys and values are described in the
    474             section <a href="#AMOptionsSyntax">am instrument options</a>.
    475             <p>
    476                 The only instrumentation class that uses these key-value pairs is
    477                 {@link android.test.InstrumentationTestRunner} (or a subclass). Using them with
    478                 any other class has no effect.
    479             </p>
    480         </td>
    481     </tr>
    482 </table>
    483 
    484 <h3 id="AMOptionsSyntax">am instrument options</h3>
    485 <p>
    486     The <code>am instrument</code> tool passes testing options to
    487     <code>InstrumentationTestRunner</code> or a subclass in the form of key-value pairs,
    488     using the <code>-e</code> flag, with this syntax:
    489 </p>
    490 <pre>
    491     -e &lt;key&gt; &lt;value&gt;
    492 </pre>
    493 <p>
    494     Some keys accept multiple values. You specify multiple values in a comma-separated list.
    495     For example, this invocation of <code>InstrumentationTestRunner</code> provides multiple
    496     values for the <code>package</code> key:
    497 </p>
    498 <pre>
    499 $ adb shell am instrument -w -e package com.android.test.package1,com.android.test.package2 \
    500 &gt; com.android.test/android.test.InstrumentationTestRunner
    501 </pre>
    502 <p>
    503     The following table describes the key-value pairs and their result. Please review the
    504     <strong>Usage Notes</strong> following the table.
    505 </p>
    506 <table>
    507     <tr>
    508         <th>Key</th>
    509         <th>Value</th>
    510         <th>Description</th>
    511     </tr>
    512     <tr>
    513         <td>
    514             <code>package</code>
    515         </td>
    516         <td>
    517             &lt;Java_package_name&gt;
    518         </td>
    519         <td>
    520             The fully-qualified <em>Java</em> package name for one of the packages in the test
    521             application. Any test case class that uses this package name is executed. Notice that
    522             this is not an <em>Android</em> package name; a test package has a single
    523             Android package name but may have several Java packages within it.
    524         </td>
    525     </tr>
    526     <tr>
    527         <td rowspan="2"><code>class</code></td>
    528         <td>&lt;class_name&gt;</td>
    529         <td>
    530             The fully-qualified Java class name for one of the test case classes. Only this test
    531             case class is executed.
    532         </td>
    533     </tr>
    534     <tr>
    535         <td>&lt;class_name&gt;<strong>#</strong>method name</td>
    536         <td>
    537             A fully-qualified test case class name, and one of its methods. Only this method is
    538             executed. Note the hash mark (#) between the class name and the method name.
    539         </td>
    540     </tr>
    541     <tr>
    542         <td><code>func</code></td>
    543         <td><code>true</code></td>
    544         <td>
    545             Runs all test classes that extend {@link android.test.InstrumentationTestCase}.
    546         </td>
    547     </tr>
    548     <tr>
    549         <td><code>unit</code></td>
    550         <td><code>true</code></td>
    551         <td>
    552             Runs all test classes that do <em>not</em> extend either
    553             {@link android.test.InstrumentationTestCase} or
    554             {@link android.test.PerformanceTestCase}.
    555         </td>
    556     </tr>
    557     <tr>
    558         <td><code>size</code></td>
    559         <td>
    560             [<code>small</code> | <code>medium</code> | <code>large</code>]
    561         </td>
    562         <td>
    563             Runs a test method annotated by size. The  annotations are <code>@SmallTest</code>,
    564             <code>@MediumTest</code>, and <code>@LargeTest</code>.
    565         </td>
    566     </tr>
    567     <tr>
    568         <td><code>perf</code></td>
    569         <td><code>true</code></td>
    570         <td>
    571             Runs all test classes that implement {@link android.test.PerformanceTestCase}.
    572             When you use this option, also specify the <code>-r</code> flag for
    573             <code>am instrument</code>, so that the output is kept in raw format and not
    574             re-formatted as test results.
    575         </td>
    576     </tr>
    577     <tr>
    578         <td><code>debug</code></td>
    579         <td><code>true</code></td>
    580         <td>
    581             Runs tests in debug mode.
    582         </td>
    583     </tr>
    584     <tr>
    585         <td><code>log</code></td>
    586         <td><code>true</code></td>
    587         <td>
    588             Loads and logs all specified tests, but does not run them. The test
    589             information appears in <code>STDOUT</code>. Use this to verify combinations of other
    590             filters and test specifications.
    591         </td>
    592     </tr>
    593     <tr>
    594         <td><code>emma</code></td>
    595         <td><code>true</code></td>
    596         <td>
    597             Runs an EMMA code coverage analysis and writes the output to
    598             <code>/data//coverage.ec</code> on the device. To override the file location, use the
    599             <code>coverageFile</code> key that is described in the following entry.
    600             <p class="note">
    601                 <strong>Note:</strong> This option requires an EMMA-instrumented build of the test
    602                 application, which you can generate with the <code>coverage</code> target.
    603             </p>
    604         </td>
    605     </tr>
    606     <tr>
    607         <td><code>coverageFile</code></td>
    608         <td><code>&lt;filename&gt;</code></td>
    609         <td>
    610             Overrides the default location of the EMMA coverage file on the device. Specify this
    611             value as a path and filename in UNIX format. The default filename is described in the
    612             entry for the <code>emma</code> key.
    613         </td>
    614     </tr>
    615 </table>
    616 <strong><code>-e</code> Flag Usage Notes</strong>
    617 <ul>
    618     <li>
    619         <code>am instrument</code> invokes
    620         {@link android.test.InstrumentationTestRunner#onCreate(Bundle)}
    621         with a {@link android.os.Bundle} containing the key-value pairs.
    622     </li>
    623     <li>
    624         The <code>package</code> key takes precedence over the <code>class</code> key. If you
    625         specifiy a package, and then separately specify a class within that package, Android
    626         will run all the tests in the package and ignore the <code>class</code> key.
    627     </li>
    628     <li>
    629         The <code>func</code> key and <code>unit</code> key are mutually exclusive.
    630     </li>
    631 </ul>
    632 <h3 id="RunTestExamples">Usage examples</h3>
    633 <p>
    634 The following sections provide examples of using <code>am instrument</code> to run tests.
    635 They are based on the following structure:</p>
    636 <ul>
    637     <li>
    638         The test package has the Android package name <code>com.android.demo.app.tests</code>
    639     </li>
    640     <li>
    641         There are three test classes:
    642         <ul>
    643             <li>
    644                 <code>UnitTests</code>, which contains the methods
    645                 <code>testPermissions</code> and <code>testSaveState</code>.
    646             </li>
    647             <li>
    648                 <code>FunctionTests</code>, which contains the methods
    649                 <code>testCamera</code>, <code>testXVGA</code>, and <code>testHardKeyboard</code>.
    650             </li>
    651             <li>
    652                 <code>IntegrationTests</code>,
    653                 which contains the method <code>testActivityProvider</code>.
    654             </li>
    655         </ul>
    656     </li>
    657     <li>
    658         The test runner is {@link android.test.InstrumentationTestRunner}.
    659     </li>
    660 </ul>
    661 <h4>Running the entire test package</h4>
    662 <p>
    663     To run all of the test classes in the test package, enter:
    664 </p>
    665 <pre>
    666 $ adb shell am instrument -w com.android.demo.app.tests/android.test.InstrumentationTestRunner
    667 </pre>
    668 <h4>Running all tests in a test case class</h4>
    669 <p>
    670     To run all of the tests in the class <code>UnitTests</code>, enter:
    671 </p>
    672 <pre>
    673 $ adb shell am instrument -w  \
    674 &gt; -e class com.android.demo.app.tests.UnitTests \
    675 &gt; com.android.demo.app.tests/android.test.InstrumentationTestRunner
    676 </pre>
    677 <p>
    678   <code>am instrument</code> gets the value of the <code>-e</code> flag, detects the
    679   <code>class</code> keyword, and runs all the methods in the <code>UnitTests</code> class.
    680 </p>
    681 <h4>Selecting a subset of tests</h4>
    682 <p>
    683     To run all of the tests in <code>UnitTests</code>, and the <code>testCamera</code> method in
    684     <code>FunctionTests</code>, enter:
    685 </p>
    686 <pre>
    687 $ adb shell am instrument -w \
    688 &gt; -e class com.android.demo.app.tests.UnitTests,com.android.demo.app.tests.FunctionTests#testCamera \
    689 &gt; com.android.demo.app.tests/android.test.InstrumentationTestRunner
    690 </pre>
    691 <p>
    692     You can find more examples of the command in the documentation for
    693     {@link android.test.InstrumentationTestRunner}.
    694 </p>
    695