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      1 /* Copyright (C) 1998, 1999, 2000, 2001, 2002, 2004 Red Hat, Inc.
      2    Written by Ulrich Drepper <drepper (at) redhat.com>, 1998.
      3 
      4    This program is Open Source software; you can redistribute it and/or
      5    modify it under the terms of the Open Software License version 1.0 as
      6    published by the Open Source Initiative.
      7 
      8    You should have received a copy of the Open Software License along
      9    with this program; if not, you may obtain a copy of the Open Software
     10    License version 1.0 from http://www.opensource.org/licenses/osl.php or
     11    by writing the Open Source Initiative c/o Lawrence Rosen, Esq.,
     12    3001 King Ranch Road, Ukiah, CA 95482.   */
     13 
     14 #include <config.h>
     15 
     16 #include <dwarf.h>
     17 #include <inttypes.h>
     18 #include <libelf.h>
     19 #include <libdw.h>
     20 #include <fcntl.h>
     21 #include <stdio.h>
     22 #include <string.h>
     23 #include <unistd.h>
     24 
     25 
     26 static const char *tagnames[] =
     27 {
     28   [DW_TAG_array_type] = "DW_TAG_array_type",
     29   [DW_TAG_class_type] = "DW_TAG_class_type",
     30   [DW_TAG_entry_point] = "DW_TAG_entry_point",
     31   [DW_TAG_enumeration_type] = "DW_TAG_enumeration_type",
     32   [DW_TAG_formal_parameter] = "DW_TAG_formal_parameter",
     33   [DW_TAG_imported_declaration] = "DW_TAG_imported_declaration",
     34   [DW_TAG_label] = "DW_TAG_label",
     35   [DW_TAG_lexical_block] = "DW_TAG_lexical_block",
     36   [DW_TAG_member] = "DW_TAG_member",
     37   [DW_TAG_pointer_type] = "DW_TAG_pointer_type",
     38   [DW_TAG_reference_type] = "DW_TAG_reference_type",
     39   [DW_TAG_compile_unit] = "DW_TAG_compile_unit",
     40   [DW_TAG_string_type] = "DW_TAG_string_type",
     41   [DW_TAG_structure_type] = "DW_TAG_structure_type",
     42   [DW_TAG_subroutine_type] = "DW_TAG_subroutine_type",
     43   [DW_TAG_typedef] = "DW_TAG_typedef",
     44   [DW_TAG_union_type] = "DW_TAG_union_type",
     45   [DW_TAG_unspecified_parameters] = "DW_TAG_unspecified_parameters",
     46   [DW_TAG_variant] = "DW_TAG_variant",
     47   [DW_TAG_common_block] = "DW_TAG_common_block",
     48   [DW_TAG_common_inclusion] = "DW_TAG_common_inclusion",
     49   [DW_TAG_inheritance] = "DW_TAG_inheritance",
     50   [DW_TAG_inlined_subroutine] = "DW_TAG_inlined_subroutine",
     51   [DW_TAG_module] = "DW_TAG_module",
     52   [DW_TAG_ptr_to_member_type] = "DW_TAG_ptr_to_member_type",
     53   [DW_TAG_set_type] = "DW_TAG_set_type",
     54   [DW_TAG_subrange_type] = "DW_TAG_subrange_type",
     55   [DW_TAG_with_stmt] = "DW_TAG_with_stmt",
     56   [DW_TAG_access_declaration] = "DW_TAG_access_declaration",
     57   [DW_TAG_base_type] = "DW_TAG_base_type",
     58   [DW_TAG_catch_block] = "DW_TAG_catch_block",
     59   [DW_TAG_const_type] = "DW_TAG_const_type",
     60   [DW_TAG_constant] = "DW_TAG_constant",
     61   [DW_TAG_enumerator] = "DW_TAG_enumerator",
     62   [DW_TAG_file_type] = "DW_TAG_file_type",
     63   [DW_TAG_friend] = "DW_TAG_friend",
     64   [DW_TAG_namelist] = "DW_TAG_namelist",
     65   [DW_TAG_namelist_item] = "DW_TAG_namelist_item",
     66   [DW_TAG_packed_type] = "DW_TAG_packed_type",
     67   [DW_TAG_subprogram] = "DW_TAG_subprogram",
     68   [DW_TAG_template_type_param] = "DW_TAG_template_type_param",
     69   [DW_TAG_template_value_param] = "DW_TAG_template_value_param",
     70   [DW_TAG_thrown_type] = "DW_TAG_thrown_type",
     71   [DW_TAG_try_block] = "DW_TAG_try_block",
     72   [DW_TAG_variant_part] = "DW_TAG_variant_part",
     73   [DW_TAG_variable] = "DW_TAG_variable",
     74   [DW_TAG_volatile_type] = "DW_TAG_volatile_type"
     75 };
     76 #define ntagnames (sizeof (tagnames) / sizeof (tagnames[0]))
     77 
     78 
     79 const struct
     80 {
     81   int code;
     82   const char *name;
     83 } attrs[] =
     84 {
     85   { DW_AT_sibling, "sibling" },
     86   { DW_AT_location, "location" },
     87   { DW_AT_name, "name" },
     88   { DW_AT_ordering, "ordering" },
     89   { DW_AT_subscr_data, "subscr_data" },
     90   { DW_AT_byte_size, "byte_size" },
     91   { DW_AT_bit_offset, "bit_offset" },
     92   { DW_AT_bit_size, "bit_size" },
     93   { DW_AT_element_list, "element_list" },
     94   { DW_AT_stmt_list, "stmt_list" },
     95   { DW_AT_low_pc, "low_pc" },
     96   { DW_AT_high_pc, "high_pc" },
     97   { DW_AT_language, "language" },
     98   { DW_AT_member, "member" },
     99   { DW_AT_discr, "discr" },
    100   { DW_AT_discr_value, "discr_value" },
    101   { DW_AT_visibility, "visibility" },
    102   { DW_AT_import, "import" },
    103   { DW_AT_string_length, "string_length" },
    104   { DW_AT_common_reference, "common_reference" },
    105   { DW_AT_comp_dir, "comp_dir" },
    106   { DW_AT_const_value, "const_value" },
    107   { DW_AT_containing_type, "containing_type" },
    108   { DW_AT_default_value, "default_value" },
    109   { DW_AT_inline, "inline" },
    110   { DW_AT_is_optional, "is_optional" },
    111   { DW_AT_lower_bound, "lower_bound" },
    112   { DW_AT_producer, "producer" },
    113   { DW_AT_prototyped, "prototyped" },
    114   { DW_AT_return_addr, "return_addr" },
    115   { DW_AT_start_scope, "start_scope" },
    116   { DW_AT_stride_size, "stride_size" },
    117   { DW_AT_upper_bound, "upper_bound" },
    118   { DW_AT_abstract_origin, "abstract_origin" },
    119   { DW_AT_accessibility, "accessibility" },
    120   { DW_AT_address_class, "address_class" },
    121   { DW_AT_artificial, "artificial" },
    122   { DW_AT_base_types, "base_types" },
    123   { DW_AT_calling_convention, "calling_convention" },
    124   { DW_AT_count, "count" },
    125   { DW_AT_data_member_location, "data_member_location" },
    126   { DW_AT_decl_column, "decl_column" },
    127   { DW_AT_decl_file, "decl_file" },
    128   { DW_AT_decl_line, "decl_line" },
    129   { DW_AT_declaration, "declaration" },
    130   { DW_AT_discr_list, "discr_list" },
    131   { DW_AT_encoding, "encoding" },
    132   { DW_AT_external, "external" },
    133   { DW_AT_frame_base, "frame_base" },
    134   { DW_AT_friend, "friend" },
    135   { DW_AT_identifier_case, "identifier_case" },
    136   { DW_AT_macro_info, "macro_info" },
    137   { DW_AT_namelist_items, "namelist_items" },
    138   { DW_AT_priority, "priority" },
    139   { DW_AT_segment, "segment" },
    140   { DW_AT_specification, "specification" },
    141   { DW_AT_static_link, "static_link" },
    142   { DW_AT_type, "type" },
    143   { DW_AT_use_location, "use_location" },
    144   { DW_AT_variable_parameter, "variable_parameter" },
    145   { DW_AT_virtuality, "virtuality" },
    146   { DW_AT_vtable_elem_location, "vtable_elem_location" },
    147   { DW_AT_MIPS_fde, "MIPS_fde" },
    148   { DW_AT_MIPS_loop_begin, "MIPS_loop_begin" },
    149   { DW_AT_MIPS_tail_loop_begin, "MIPS_tail_loop_begin" },
    150   { DW_AT_MIPS_epilog_begin, "MIPS_epilog_begin" },
    151   { DW_AT_MIPS_loop_unroll_factor, "MIPS_loop_unroll_factor" },
    152   { DW_AT_MIPS_software_pipeline_depth, "MIPS_software_pipeline_depth" },
    153   { DW_AT_MIPS_linkage_name, "MIPS_linkage_name" },
    154   { DW_AT_MIPS_stride, "MIPS_stride" },
    155   { DW_AT_MIPS_abstract_name, "MIPS_abstract_name" },
    156   { DW_AT_MIPS_clone_origin, "MIPS_clone_origin" },
    157   { DW_AT_MIPS_has_inlines, "MIPS_has_inlines" },
    158   { DW_AT_MIPS_stride_byte, "MIPS_stride_byte" },
    159   { DW_AT_MIPS_stride_elem, "MIPS_stride_elem" },
    160   { DW_AT_MIPS_ptr_dopetype, "MIPS_ptr_dopetype" },
    161   { DW_AT_MIPS_allocatable_dopetype, "MIPS_allocatable_dopetype" },
    162   { DW_AT_MIPS_assumed_shape_dopetype, "MIPS_assumed_shape_dopetype" },
    163   { DW_AT_MIPS_assumed_size, "MIPS_assumed_size" },
    164   { DW_AT_sf_names, "sf_names" },
    165   { DW_AT_src_info, "src_info" },
    166   { DW_AT_mac_info, "mac_info" },
    167   { DW_AT_src_coords, "src_coords" },
    168   { DW_AT_body_begin, "body_begin" },
    169   { DW_AT_body_end, "body_end" }
    170 };
    171 #define nattrs (sizeof (attrs) / sizeof (attrs[0]))
    172 
    173 
    174 void
    175 handle (Dwarf *dbg, Dwarf_Die *die, int n)
    176 {
    177   Dwarf_Die child;
    178   unsigned int tag;
    179   const char *str;
    180   char buf[30];
    181   const char *name;
    182   Dwarf_Off off;
    183   Dwarf_Off cuoff;
    184   size_t cnt;
    185   Dwarf_Addr addr;
    186   int i;
    187 
    188   tag = dwarf_tag (die);
    189   if (tag != DW_TAG_invalid)
    190     {
    191       if (tag < ntagnames)
    192 	str = tagnames[tag];
    193       else
    194 	{
    195 	  snprintf (buf, sizeof buf, "%#x", tag);
    196 	  str = buf;
    197 	}
    198     }
    199   else
    200     str = "* NO TAG *";
    201 
    202   name = dwarf_diename (die);
    203   if (name == 0)
    204     name = "* NO NAME *";
    205 
    206   off = dwarf_dieoffset (die);
    207   cuoff = dwarf_cuoffset (die);
    208 
    209   printf ("%*s%s\n", n * 5, "", str);
    210   printf ("%*s Name      : %s\n", n * 5, "", name);
    211   printf ("%*s Offset    : %lld\n", n * 5, "", (long long int) off);
    212   printf ("%*s CU offset : %lld\n", n * 5, "", (long long int) cuoff);
    213 
    214   printf ("%*s Attrs     :", n * 5, "");
    215   for (cnt = 0; cnt < nattrs; ++cnt)
    216     if (dwarf_hasattr (die, attrs[cnt].code))
    217       printf (" %s", attrs[cnt].name);
    218   puts ("");
    219 
    220   if (dwarf_hasattr (die, DW_AT_low_pc) && dwarf_lowpc (die, &addr) == 0)
    221     {
    222       Dwarf_Attribute attr;
    223       Dwarf_Addr addr2;
    224       printf ("%*s low PC    : %#llx\n",
    225 	      n * 5, "", (unsigned long long int) addr);
    226 
    227       if (dwarf_attr (die, DW_AT_low_pc, &attr) == NULL
    228 	  || dwarf_formaddr (&attr, &addr2) != 0
    229 	  || addr != addr2)
    230 	puts ("************* DW_AT_low_pc verify failed ************");
    231       else if (! dwarf_hasform (&attr, DW_FORM_addr))
    232 	puts ("************* DW_AT_low_pc form failed ************");
    233       else if (dwarf_whatform (&attr) != DW_FORM_addr)
    234 	puts ("************* DW_AT_low_pc form (2) failed ************");
    235       else if (dwarf_whatattr (&attr) != DW_AT_low_pc)
    236 	puts ("************* DW_AT_low_pc attr failed ************");
    237     }
    238   if (dwarf_hasattr (die, DW_AT_high_pc) && dwarf_highpc (die, &addr) == 0)
    239     {
    240       Dwarf_Attribute attr;
    241       Dwarf_Addr addr2;
    242       printf ("%*s high PC   : %#llx\n",
    243 	      n * 5, "", (unsigned long long int) addr);
    244       if (dwarf_attr (die, DW_AT_high_pc, &attr) == NULL
    245 	  || dwarf_formaddr (&attr, &addr2) != 0
    246 	  || addr != addr2)
    247 	puts ("************* DW_AT_high_pc verify failed ************");
    248       else if (! dwarf_hasform (&attr, DW_FORM_addr))
    249 	puts ("************* DW_AT_high_pc form failed ************");
    250       else if (dwarf_whatform (&attr) != DW_FORM_addr)
    251 	puts ("************* DW_AT_high_pc form (2) failed ************");
    252       else if (dwarf_whatattr (&attr) != DW_AT_high_pc)
    253 	puts ("************* DW_AT_high_pc attr failed ************");
    254     }
    255 
    256   if (dwarf_hasattr (die, DW_AT_byte_size) && (i = dwarf_bytesize (die)) != -1)
    257     {
    258       Dwarf_Attribute attr;
    259       Dwarf_Word u2;
    260       unsigned int u;
    261       printf ("%*s byte size : %d\n", n * 5, "", i);
    262       if (dwarf_attr (die, DW_AT_byte_size, &attr) == NULL
    263 	  || dwarf_formudata (&attr, &u2) != 0
    264 	  || i != (int) u2)
    265 	puts ("************* DW_AT_byte_size verify failed ************");
    266       else if (! dwarf_hasform (&attr, DW_FORM_data1)
    267 	       && ! dwarf_hasform (&attr, DW_FORM_data2)
    268 	       && ! dwarf_hasform (&attr, DW_FORM_data4)
    269 	       && ! dwarf_hasform (&attr, DW_FORM_data8)
    270 	       && ! dwarf_hasform (&attr, DW_FORM_sdata)
    271 	       && ! dwarf_hasform (&attr, DW_FORM_udata))
    272 	puts ("************* DW_AT_byte_size form failed ************");
    273       else if ((u = dwarf_whatform (&attr)) == 0
    274 	       || (u != DW_FORM_data1
    275 		   && u != DW_FORM_data2
    276 		   && u != DW_FORM_data4
    277 		   && u != DW_FORM_data8
    278 		   && u != DW_FORM_sdata
    279 		   && u != DW_FORM_udata))
    280 	puts ("************* DW_AT_byte_size form (2) failed ************");
    281       else if (dwarf_whatattr (&attr) != DW_AT_byte_size)
    282 	puts ("************* DW_AT_byte_size attr failed ************");
    283     }
    284   if (dwarf_hasattr (die, DW_AT_bit_size) && (i = dwarf_bitsize (die)) != -1)
    285     {
    286       Dwarf_Attribute attr;
    287       Dwarf_Word u2;
    288       unsigned int u;
    289       printf ("%*s bit size  : %d\n", n * 5, "", i);
    290       if (dwarf_attr (die, DW_AT_bit_size, &attr) == NULL
    291 	  || dwarf_formudata (&attr, &u2) != 0
    292 	  || i != (int) u2)
    293 	puts ("************* DW_AT_bit_size test failed ************");
    294       else if (! dwarf_hasform (&attr, DW_FORM_data1)
    295 	       && ! dwarf_hasform (&attr, DW_FORM_data2)
    296 	       && ! dwarf_hasform (&attr, DW_FORM_data4)
    297 	       && ! dwarf_hasform (&attr, DW_FORM_data8)
    298 	       && ! dwarf_hasform (&attr, DW_FORM_sdata)
    299 	       && ! dwarf_hasform (&attr, DW_FORM_udata))
    300 	puts ("************* DW_AT_bit_size form failed ************");
    301       else if ((u = dwarf_whatform (&attr)) == 0
    302 	       || (u != DW_FORM_data1
    303 		   && u != DW_FORM_data2
    304 		   && u != DW_FORM_data4
    305 		   && u != DW_FORM_data8
    306 		   && u != DW_FORM_sdata
    307 		   && u != DW_FORM_udata))
    308 	puts ("************* DW_AT_bit_size form (2) failed ************");
    309       else if (dwarf_whatattr (&attr) != DW_AT_bit_size)
    310 	puts ("************* DW_AT_bit_size attr failed ************");
    311     }
    312   if (dwarf_hasattr (die, DW_AT_bit_offset)
    313       && (i = dwarf_bitoffset (die)) != -1)
    314     {
    315       Dwarf_Attribute attr;
    316       Dwarf_Word u2;
    317       unsigned int u;
    318       printf ("%*s bit offset: %d\n", n * 5, "", i);
    319       if (dwarf_attr (die, DW_AT_bit_offset, &attr) == NULL
    320 	  || dwarf_formudata (&attr, &u2) != 0
    321 	  || i != (int) u2)
    322 	puts ("************* DW_AT_bit_offset test failed ************");
    323       else if (! dwarf_hasform (&attr, DW_FORM_data1)
    324 	       && ! dwarf_hasform (&attr, DW_FORM_data2)
    325 	       && ! dwarf_hasform (&attr, DW_FORM_data4)
    326 	       && ! dwarf_hasform (&attr, DW_FORM_data8)
    327 	       && ! dwarf_hasform (&attr, DW_FORM_sdata)
    328 	       && ! dwarf_hasform (&attr, DW_FORM_udata))
    329 	puts ("************* DW_AT_bit_offset form failed ************");
    330       else if ((u = dwarf_whatform (&attr)) == 0
    331 	       || (u != DW_FORM_data1
    332 		   && u != DW_FORM_data2
    333 		   && u != DW_FORM_data4
    334 		   && u != DW_FORM_data8
    335 		   && u != DW_FORM_sdata
    336 		   && u != DW_FORM_udata))
    337 	puts ("************* DW_AT_bit_offset form (2) failed ************");
    338       else if (dwarf_whatattr (&attr) != DW_AT_bit_offset)
    339 	puts ("************* DW_AT_bit_offset attr failed ************");
    340     }
    341 
    342   if (dwarf_hasattr (die, DW_AT_language) && (i = dwarf_srclang (die)) != -1)
    343     {
    344       Dwarf_Attribute attr;
    345       Dwarf_Word u2;
    346       unsigned int u;
    347       printf ("%*s language  : %d\n", n * 5, "", i);
    348       if (dwarf_attr (die, DW_AT_language, &attr) == NULL
    349 	  || dwarf_formudata (&attr, &u2) != 0
    350 	  || i != (int) u2)
    351 	puts ("************* DW_AT_language test failed ************");
    352       else if (! dwarf_hasform (&attr, DW_FORM_data1)
    353 	       && ! dwarf_hasform (&attr, DW_FORM_data2)
    354 	       && ! dwarf_hasform (&attr, DW_FORM_data4)
    355 	       && ! dwarf_hasform (&attr, DW_FORM_data8)
    356 	       && ! dwarf_hasform (&attr, DW_FORM_sdata)
    357 	       && ! dwarf_hasform (&attr, DW_FORM_udata))
    358 	puts ("************* DW_AT_language form failed ************");
    359       else if ((u = dwarf_whatform (&attr)) == 0
    360 	       || (u != DW_FORM_data1
    361 		   && u != DW_FORM_data2
    362 		   && u != DW_FORM_data4
    363 		   && u != DW_FORM_data8
    364 		   && u != DW_FORM_sdata
    365 		   && u != DW_FORM_udata))
    366 	puts ("************* DW_AT_language form (2) failed ************");
    367       else if (dwarf_whatattr (&attr) != DW_AT_language)
    368 	puts ("************* DW_AT_language attr failed ************");
    369     }
    370 
    371   if (dwarf_hasattr (die, DW_AT_ordering)
    372       && (i = dwarf_arrayorder (die)) != -1)
    373     {
    374       Dwarf_Attribute attr;
    375       Dwarf_Word u2;
    376       unsigned int u;
    377       printf ("%*s ordering  : %d\n", n * 5, "", i);
    378       if (dwarf_attr (die, DW_AT_ordering, &attr) == NULL
    379 	  || dwarf_formudata (&attr, &u2) != 0
    380 	  || i != (int) u2)
    381 	puts ("************* DW_AT_ordering test failed ************");
    382       else if (! dwarf_hasform (&attr, DW_FORM_data1)
    383 	       && ! dwarf_hasform (&attr, DW_FORM_data2)
    384 	       && ! dwarf_hasform (&attr, DW_FORM_data4)
    385 	       && ! dwarf_hasform (&attr, DW_FORM_data8)
    386 	       && ! dwarf_hasform (&attr, DW_FORM_sdata)
    387 	       && ! dwarf_hasform (&attr, DW_FORM_udata))
    388 	puts ("************* DW_AT_ordering failed ************");
    389       else if ((u = dwarf_whatform (&attr)) == 0
    390 	       || (u != DW_FORM_data1
    391 		   && u != DW_FORM_data2
    392 		   && u != DW_FORM_data4
    393 		   && u != DW_FORM_data8
    394 		   && u != DW_FORM_sdata
    395 		   && u != DW_FORM_udata))
    396 	puts ("************* DW_AT_ordering form (2) failed ************");
    397       else if (dwarf_whatattr (&attr) != DW_AT_ordering)
    398 	puts ("************* DW_AT_ordering attr failed ************");
    399     }
    400 
    401   if (dwarf_hasattr (die, DW_AT_comp_dir))
    402     {
    403       Dwarf_Attribute attr;
    404       if (dwarf_attr (die, DW_AT_comp_dir, &attr) == NULL
    405 	  || (name = dwarf_formstring (&attr)) == NULL)
    406 	puts ("************* DW_AT_comp_dir attr failed ************");
    407       else
    408 	printf ("%*s directory : %s\n", n * 5, "", name);
    409     }
    410 
    411   if (dwarf_hasattr (die, DW_AT_producer))
    412     {
    413       Dwarf_Attribute attr;
    414       if (dwarf_attr (die, DW_AT_producer, &attr) == NULL
    415 	  || (name = dwarf_formstring (&attr)) == NULL)
    416 	puts ("************* DW_AT_comp_dir attr failed ************");
    417       else
    418 	printf ("%*s producer  : %s\n", n * 5, "", name);
    419     }
    420 
    421   if (dwarf_haschildren (die) != 0 && dwarf_child (die, &child) == 0)
    422     handle (dbg, &child, n + 1);
    423   if (dwarf_siblingof (die, die) == 0)
    424     handle (dbg, die, n);
    425 }
    426 
    427 
    428 int
    429 main (int argc, char *argv[])
    430 {
    431  int cnt;
    432 
    433   for (cnt = 1; cnt < argc; ++cnt)
    434     {
    435       int fd = open (argv[cnt], O_RDONLY);
    436       Dwarf *dbg;
    437 
    438       printf ("file: %s\n", basename (argv[cnt]));
    439 
    440       dbg = dwarf_begin (fd, DWARF_C_READ);
    441       if (dbg == NULL)
    442 	{
    443 	  printf ("%s not usable\n", argv[cnt]);
    444 	  close (fd);
    445 	  continue;
    446 	}
    447 
    448       Dwarf_Off off = 0;
    449       Dwarf_Off old_off = 0;
    450       size_t hsize;
    451       Dwarf_Off abbrev;
    452       uint8_t addresssize;
    453       uint8_t offsetsize;
    454       while (dwarf_nextcu (dbg, off, &off, &hsize, &abbrev, &addresssize,
    455 			   &offsetsize) == 0)
    456 	{
    457 	  printf ("New CU: off = %llu, hsize = %zu, ab = %llu, as = %" PRIu8
    458 		  ", os = %" PRIu8 "\n",
    459 		  (unsigned long long int) old_off, hsize,
    460 		  (unsigned long long int) abbrev, addresssize,
    461 		  offsetsize);
    462 
    463 	  Dwarf_Die die;
    464 	  if (dwarf_offdie (dbg, old_off + hsize, &die) != NULL)
    465 	    handle (dbg, &die, 1);
    466 
    467 	  old_off = off;
    468 	}
    469 
    470       dwarf_end (dbg);
    471       close (fd);
    472     }
    473 
    474   return 0;
    475 }
    476