resources/articles/glsurfaceview.jd

page.title=Introducing GLSurfaceView
parent.title=Articles
parent.link=../browser.html?tag=article
@jd:body


<p>The {@link android android.opengl.GLSurfaceView} class makes it
easier for you to use OpenGL ES rendering in your applications by:</p>

<ul>
<li>Providing the glue code to connect OpenGL ES to the {@link
android.view.View} system.</li>
<li>Providing the glue code to make OpenGL ES work with the {@link
android.app.Activity} life-cycle.</li>
<li>Making it easy to choose an appropriate frame buffer pixel format.</li>
<li>Creating and managing a separate rendering thread, to enable smooth
animation.</li>
<li>Providing easy-to-use debugging tools for tracing OpenGL ES API calls and
checking for errors.</li>
</ul>

<p>GLSurfaceView is a good base for building an application that uses OpenGL ES
for part or all of its rendering. A 2D or 3D action game would be a good
candidate, as would a 2D or 3D data visualization application such as <a
href="http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=4PRfVKzuUJ4&fmt=18" title="Google Maps
StreetView">Google Maps StreetView</a>.</p>

<h3>A simple GLSurfaceView application</h3>

<p>Here's the source code to the simplest possible OpenGL ES application:</p>

<pre>package com.example.android.apis.graphics;

import javax.microedition.khronos.egl.EGLConfig;
import javax.microedition.khronos.opengles.GL10;

import android.app.Activity;
import android.opengl.GLSurfaceView;
import android.os.Bundle;

public class ClearActivity extends Activity {
    &#64;Override
    protected void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) {
        super.onCreate(savedInstanceState);
        mGLView = new GLSurfaceView(this);
        mGLView.setRenderer(new ClearRenderer());
        setContentView(mGLView);
    }

    &#64;Override
    protected void onPause() {
        super.onPause();
        mGLView.onPause();
    }

    &#64;Override
    protected void onResume() {
        super.onResume();
        mGLView.onResume();
    }

    private GLSurfaceView mGLView;
}

class ClearRenderer implements GLSurfaceView.Renderer {
    public void onSurfaceCreated(GL10 gl, EGLConfig config) {
        // Do nothing special.
    }

    public void onSurfaceChanged(GL10 gl, int w, int h) {
        gl.glViewport(0, 0, w, h);
    }

    public void onDrawFrame(GL10 gl) {
        gl.glClear(GL10.GL_COLOR_BUFFER_BIT | GL10.GL_DEPTH_BUFFER_BIT);
    }
}</pre>

<p>This program doesn't do much: it clears the screen to black on every frame.
But it is a complete OpenGL application that correctly implements the
Android activity life-cycle. It pauses rendering when the activity is
paused, and resumes it when the activity is resumed. You could use this
application as the basis for non-interactive demonstration programs.
Just add more OpenGL calls to the <code>ClearRenderer.onDrawFrame()</code> method.
Notice that you don't even need to subclass the <code>GLSurfaceView</code> view.</p>

<p>The {@link android.opengl.GLSurfaceView.Renderer} interface has three methods:</p>

<ul>
<li>The
<code>onSurfaceCreated()</code> method is called at the start of rendering, and
whenever the OpenGL ES drawing context has to be recreated. (The
drawing context is typically lost and recreated when the activity is
paused and resumed.) <code>OnSurfaceCreated()</code> is a good place to create
long-lived OpenGL resources such as textures.</li>
<li>The <code>onSurfaceChanged()</code>
method is called when the surface changes size. It's a good place to
set your OpenGL viewport. You may also want to set your camera here, if
it's a fixed camera that doesn't move around the scene.</li>
<li>The <code>onDrawFrame()</code> method is called every frame, and is
responsible for drawing the scene. You would typically start by calling
<code>glClear</code> to clear the framebuffer, followed by other OpenGL ES calls
to draw the current scene.</li>
</ul>

<h3>How about user input?</h3>

<p>If you want an interactive application (such as a game), you will typically
subclass <code>GLSurfaceView</code>, because that's an easy way of obtaining
input events. Here's a slightly longer example showing how to do that:</p>

<pre>package com.google.android.ClearTest;

import javax.microedition.khronos.egl.EGLConfig;
import javax.microedition.khronos.opengles.GL10;

import android.app.Activity;
import android.content.Context;
import android.opengl.GLSurfaceView;
import android.os.Bundle;
import android.view.MotionEvent;

public class ClearActivity extends Activity {
    &#64;Override
    protected void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) {
        super.onCreate(savedInstanceState);
        mGLView = new ClearGLSurfaceView(this);
        setContentView(mGLView);
    }

    &#64;Override
    protected void onPause() {
        super.onPause();
        mGLView.onPause();
    }

    &#64;Override
    protected void onResume() {
        super.onResume();
        mGLView.onResume();
    }

    private GLSurfaceView mGLView;
}

class ClearGLSurfaceView extends GLSurfaceView {
    public ClearGLSurfaceView(Context context) {
        super(context);
        mRenderer = new ClearRenderer();
        setRenderer(mRenderer);
    }

    public boolean onTouchEvent(final MotionEvent event) {
        queueEvent(new Runnable(){
            public void run() {
                mRenderer.setColor(event.getX() / getWidth(),
                        event.getY() / getHeight(), 1.0f);
            }});
            return true;
        }

        ClearRenderer mRenderer;
}

class ClearRenderer implements GLSurfaceView.Renderer {
    public void onSurfaceCreated(GL10 gl, EGLConfig config) {
        // Do nothing special.
    }

    public void onSurfaceChanged(GL10 gl, int w, int h) {
        gl.glViewport(0, 0, w, h);
    }

    public void onDrawFrame(GL10 gl) {
        gl.glClearColor(mRed, mGreen, mBlue, 1.0f);
        gl.glClear(GL10.GL_COLOR_BUFFER_BIT | GL10.GL_DEPTH_BUFFER_BIT);
    }

    public void setColor(float r, float g, float b) {
        mRed = r;
        mGreen = g;
        mBlue = b;
    }

    private float mRed;
    private float mGreen;
    private float mBlue;
}</pre>

<p>This application clears the screen for every frame. When you tap on the
screen, it sets the clear color based on the (x,y) coordinates of your touch
event. Note the use of <code>queueEvent()</code> in
<code>ClearGLSurfaceView.onTouchEvent()</code>. The <code>queueEvent()</code>
method is used to safely communicate between the UI thread and the rendering
thread. If you prefer, you can use some other Java cross-thread communication
technique, such as synchronized methods on the <code>Renderer</code> class
itself. However, queueing events is often the simplest way of dealing with
cross-thread communication.</p>

<h3>Other GLSurfaceView samples</h3>

<p>Tired
of just clearing the screen? You can find more interesting samples in
the API Demos sample included in the Android SDK. All the OpenGL ES samples have been
converted to use the <code>GLSurfaceView</code> view:</p>

<ul>
<li>GLSurfaceView - a spinning triangle</li>
<li>Kube - a cube puzzle demo</li>
<li>Translucent GLSurfaceView - shows how to display 3D graphics on a translucent background</li>
<li>Textured Triangle - shows how to draw a textured 3D triangle</li>
<li>Sprite Text - shows how to draw text into a texture and then composite it into a 3D scene</li>
<li>Touch Rotate - shows how to rotate a 3D object in response to user input.</li>
</ul>

<h3>Choosing a surface</h3>

<p><code>GLSurfaceView</code>
helps you choose the type of surface to render to. Different Android
devices support different types of surfaces, with no common subset.
This makes it tricky problem to choose the best available surface on
each device. </p>

<p>By default, <code>GLSurfaceView</code> tries to find a surface that's as
close as possible to a 16-bit RGB frame buffer with a 16-bit depth
buffer. Depending upon your application's needs you may want to change
this behavior. For example, the Translucent GLSurfaceView sample needs
an Alpha channel in order to render translucent data. <code>GLSurfaceView</code>
provides an overloaded <code>setEGLSurfaceChooser()</code> method to give
you control over which surface type is chosen:</p>

<dl>
<dt><code>setEGLConfigChooser(boolean needDepth)</code></dt>
<dd>Choose a config that's closest to R5G6B5 with or without a 16-bit framebuffer</dd>
<dt><code>setEGLConfigChooser(int redSize, int greenSize,int blueSize,
int alphaSize,int depthSize, int stencilSize)</code></dt>
<dd>Choose the config with the fewest number of bits per pixel that has at least
as many bits-per-channel as specified in the constructor.</dd>
<dt><code>setEGLConfigChooser(EGLConfigChooser configChooser)</code></dt>
<dd>Allow total control over choosing a configuration. You pass in your own
implementation of <code>EGLConfigChooser</code>, which gets to inspect the
device's capabilities and choose a configuration.</dd>
</dl>

<h3>Continuous rendering versus render-when-dirty</h3>

<p>Most 3D applications, such as games or simulations, are continuously
animated. But some 3D applications are more reactive: they wait passively until
the user does something, and then react to it. For those types of applications,
the default <code>GLSurfaceView</code> behavior of continuously redrawing the
screen is a waste of time. If you are developing a reactive application, you can
call <code>GLSurfaceView.setRenderMode(RENDERMODE_WHEN_DIRTY)</code>, which
turns off the continuous animation. Then you call
<code>GLSurfaceView.requestRender()</code> whenever you want to re-render.</p>

<h3>Help With debugging</h3>

<p><code>GLSurfaceView</code> has a handy built-in feature for debugging OpenGL ES
applications: the <code>GLSurfaceView.setDebugFlags()</code> method can be used
to enable logging and/or error checking your OpenGL ES calls. Call this method
in your <code>GLSurfaceView</code>'s constructor, before calling
<code>setRenderer()</code>:</p>

<pre>public ClearGLSurfaceView(Context context) {
    super(context);
    // Turn on error-checking and logging
    setDebugFlags(DEBUG_CHECK_GL_ERROR | DEBUG_LOG_GL_CALLS);
    mRenderer = new ClearRenderer();
    setRenderer(mRenderer);
}</pre>