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      1 /*	$OpenBSD: engine.c,v 1.15 2005/08/05 13:03:00 espie Exp $	*/
      2 
      3 /*-
      4  * Copyright (c) 1992, 1993, 1994 Henry Spencer.
      5  * Copyright (c) 1992, 1993, 1994
      6  *	The Regents of the University of California.  All rights reserved.
      7  *
      8  * This code is derived from software contributed to Berkeley by
      9  * Henry Spencer.
     10  *
     11  * Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
     12  * modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions
     13  * are met:
     14  * 1. Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
     15  *    notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
     16  * 2. Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above copyright
     17  *    notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer in the
     18  *    documentation and/or other materials provided with the distribution.
     19  * 3. Neither the name of the University nor the names of its contributors
     20  *    may be used to endorse or promote products derived from this software
     21  *    without specific prior written permission.
     22  *
     23  * THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE REGENTS AND CONTRIBUTORS ``AS IS'' AND
     24  * ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THE
     25  * IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE
     26  * ARE DISCLAIMED.  IN NO EVENT SHALL THE REGENTS OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE
     27  * FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL, SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL
     28  * DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS
     29  * OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE, DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION)
     30  * HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT
     31  * LIABILITY, OR TORT (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY
     32  * OUT OF THE USE OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF
     33  * SUCH DAMAGE.
     34  *
     35  *	@(#)engine.c	8.5 (Berkeley) 3/20/94
     36  */
     37 
     38 /*
     39  * The matching engine and friends.  This file is #included by regexec.c
     40  * after suitable #defines of a variety of macros used herein, so that
     41  * different state representations can be used without duplicating masses
     42  * of code.
     43  */
     44 
     45 #ifdef SNAMES
     46 #define	matcher	smatcher
     47 #define	fast	sfast
     48 #define	slow	sslow
     49 #define	dissect	sdissect
     50 #define	backref	sbackref
     51 #define	step	sstep
     52 #define	print	sprint
     53 #define	at	sat
     54 #define	match	smat
     55 #define	nope	snope
     56 #endif
     57 #ifdef LNAMES
     58 #define	matcher	lmatcher
     59 #define	fast	lfast
     60 #define	slow	lslow
     61 #define	dissect	ldissect
     62 #define	backref	lbackref
     63 #define	step	lstep
     64 #define	print	lprint
     65 #define	at	lat
     66 #define	match	lmat
     67 #define	nope	lnope
     68 #endif
     69 
     70 /* another structure passed up and down to avoid zillions of parameters */
     71 struct match {
     72 	struct re_guts *g;
     73 	int eflags;
     74 	regmatch_t *pmatch;	/* [nsub+1] (0 element unused) */
     75 	char *offp;		/* offsets work from here */
     76 	char *beginp;		/* start of string -- virtual NUL precedes */
     77 	char *endp;		/* end of string -- virtual NUL here */
     78 	char *coldp;		/* can be no match starting before here */
     79 	char **lastpos;		/* [nplus+1] */
     80 	STATEVARS;
     81 	states st;		/* current states */
     82 	states fresh;		/* states for a fresh start */
     83 	states tmp;		/* temporary */
     84 	states empty;		/* empty set of states */
     85 };
     86 
     87 static int matcher(struct re_guts *, char *, size_t, regmatch_t[], int);
     88 static char *dissect(struct match *, char *, char *, sopno, sopno);
     89 static char *backref(struct match *, char *, char *, sopno, sopno, sopno, int);
     90 static char *fast(struct match *, char *, char *, sopno, sopno);
     91 static char *slow(struct match *, char *, char *, sopno, sopno);
     92 static states step(struct re_guts *, sopno, sopno, states, int, states);
     93 #define MAX_RECURSION	100
     94 #define	BOL	(OUT+1)
     95 #define	EOL	(BOL+1)
     96 #define	BOLEOL	(BOL+2)
     97 #define	NOTHING	(BOL+3)
     98 #define	BOW	(BOL+4)
     99 #define	EOW	(BOL+5)
    100 #define	CODEMAX	(BOL+5)		/* highest code used */
    101 #define	NONCHAR(c)	((c) > CHAR_MAX)
    102 #define	NNONCHAR	(CODEMAX-CHAR_MAX)
    103 #ifdef REDEBUG
    104 static void print(struct match *, char *, states, int, FILE *);
    105 #endif
    106 #ifdef REDEBUG
    107 static void at(struct match *, char *, char *, char *, sopno, sopno);
    108 #endif
    109 #ifdef REDEBUG
    110 static char *pchar(int);
    111 #endif
    112 
    113 #ifdef REDEBUG
    114 #define	SP(t, s, c)	print(m, t, s, c, stdout)
    115 #define	AT(t, p1, p2, s1, s2)	at(m, t, p1, p2, s1, s2)
    116 #define	NOTE(str)	{ if (m->eflags&REG_TRACE) (void)printf("=%s\n", (str)); }
    117 static int nope = 0;
    118 #else
    119 #define	SP(t, s, c)	/* nothing */
    120 #define	AT(t, p1, p2, s1, s2)	/* nothing */
    121 #define	NOTE(s)	/* nothing */
    122 #endif
    123 
    124 /*
    125  - matcher - the actual matching engine
    126  */
    127 static int			/* 0 success, REG_NOMATCH failure */
    128 matcher(struct re_guts *g, char *string, size_t nmatch, regmatch_t pmatch[],
    129     int eflags)
    130 {
    131 	char *endp;
    132 	int i;
    133 	struct match mv;
    134 	struct match *m = &mv;
    135 	char *dp;
    136 	const sopno gf = g->firststate+1;	/* +1 for OEND */
    137 	const sopno gl = g->laststate;
    138 	char *start;
    139 	char *stop;
    140 
    141 	/* simplify the situation where possible */
    142 	if (g->cflags&REG_NOSUB)
    143 		nmatch = 0;
    144 	if (eflags&REG_STARTEND) {
    145 		start = string + pmatch[0].rm_so;
    146 		stop = string + pmatch[0].rm_eo;
    147 	} else {
    148 		start = string;
    149 		stop = start + strlen(start);
    150 	}
    151 	if (stop < start)
    152 		return(REG_INVARG);
    153 
    154 	/* prescreening; this does wonders for this rather slow code */
    155 	if (g->must != NULL) {
    156 		for (dp = start; dp < stop; dp++)
    157 			if (*dp == g->must[0] && stop - dp >= g->mlen &&
    158 				memcmp(dp, g->must, (size_t)g->mlen) == 0)
    159 				break;
    160 		if (dp == stop)		/* we didn't find g->must */
    161 			return(REG_NOMATCH);
    162 	}
    163 
    164 	/* match struct setup */
    165 	m->g = g;
    166 	m->eflags = eflags;
    167 	m->pmatch = NULL;
    168 	m->lastpos = NULL;
    169 	m->offp = string;
    170 	m->beginp = start;
    171 	m->endp = stop;
    172 	STATESETUP(m, 4);
    173 	SETUP(m->st);
    174 	SETUP(m->fresh);
    175 	SETUP(m->tmp);
    176 	SETUP(m->empty);
    177 	CLEAR(m->empty);
    178 
    179 	/* this loop does only one repetition except for backrefs */
    180 	for (;;) {
    181 		endp = fast(m, start, stop, gf, gl);
    182 		if (endp == NULL) {		/* a miss */
    183 			free(m->pmatch);
    184 			free(m->lastpos);
    185 			STATETEARDOWN(m);
    186 			return(REG_NOMATCH);
    187 		}
    188 		if (nmatch == 0 && !g->backrefs)
    189 			break;		/* no further info needed */
    190 
    191 		/* where? */
    192 		assert(m->coldp != NULL);
    193 		for (;;) {
    194 			NOTE("finding start");
    195 			endp = slow(m, m->coldp, stop, gf, gl);
    196 			if (endp != NULL)
    197 				break;
    198 			assert(m->coldp < m->endp);
    199 			m->coldp++;
    200 		}
    201 		if (nmatch == 1 && !g->backrefs)
    202 			break;		/* no further info needed */
    203 
    204 		/* oh my, he wants the subexpressions... */
    205 		if (m->pmatch == NULL)
    206 			m->pmatch = (regmatch_t *)malloc((m->g->nsub + 1) *
    207 							sizeof(regmatch_t));
    208 		if (m->pmatch == NULL) {
    209 			STATETEARDOWN(m);
    210 			return(REG_ESPACE);
    211 		}
    212 		for (i = 1; i <= (int)m->g->nsub; i++)
    213 			m->pmatch[i].rm_so = m->pmatch[i].rm_eo = -1;
    214 		if (!g->backrefs && !(m->eflags&REG_BACKR)) {
    215 			NOTE("dissecting");
    216 			dp = dissect(m, m->coldp, endp, gf, gl);
    217 		} else {
    218 			if (g->nplus > 0 && m->lastpos == NULL)
    219 				m->lastpos = (char **)malloc((g->nplus+1) *
    220 							sizeof(char *));
    221 			if (g->nplus > 0 && m->lastpos == NULL) {
    222 				free(m->pmatch);
    223 				STATETEARDOWN(m);
    224 				return(REG_ESPACE);
    225 			}
    226 			NOTE("backref dissect");
    227 			dp = backref(m, m->coldp, endp, gf, gl, (sopno)0, 0);
    228 		}
    229 		if (dp != NULL)
    230 			break;
    231 
    232 		/* uh-oh... we couldn't find a subexpression-level match */
    233 		assert(g->backrefs);	/* must be back references doing it */
    234 		assert(g->nplus == 0 || m->lastpos != NULL);
    235 		for (;;) {
    236 			if (dp != NULL || endp <= m->coldp)
    237 				break;		/* defeat */
    238 			NOTE("backoff");
    239 			endp = slow(m, m->coldp, endp-1, gf, gl);
    240 			if (endp == NULL)
    241 				break;		/* defeat */
    242 			/* try it on a shorter possibility */
    243 #ifndef NDEBUG
    244 			for (i = 1; i <= m->g->nsub; i++) {
    245 				assert(m->pmatch[i].rm_so == -1);
    246 				assert(m->pmatch[i].rm_eo == -1);
    247 			}
    248 #endif
    249 			NOTE("backoff dissect");
    250 			dp = backref(m, m->coldp, endp, gf, gl, (sopno)0, 0);
    251 		}
    252 		assert(dp == NULL || dp == endp);
    253 		if (dp != NULL)		/* found a shorter one */
    254 			break;
    255 
    256 		/* despite initial appearances, there is no match here */
    257 		NOTE("false alarm");
    258 		if (m->coldp == stop)
    259 			break;
    260 		start = m->coldp + 1;	/* recycle starting later */
    261 	}
    262 
    263 	/* fill in the details if requested */
    264 	if (nmatch > 0) {
    265 		pmatch[0].rm_so = m->coldp - m->offp;
    266 		pmatch[0].rm_eo = endp - m->offp;
    267 	}
    268 	if (nmatch > 1) {
    269 		assert(m->pmatch != NULL);
    270 		for (i = 1; i < (ssize_t)nmatch; i++)
    271 			if (i <= (int)m->g->nsub)
    272 				pmatch[i] = m->pmatch[i];
    273 			else {
    274 				pmatch[i].rm_so = -1;
    275 				pmatch[i].rm_eo = -1;
    276 			}
    277 	}
    278 
    279 	if (m->pmatch != NULL)
    280 		free((char *)m->pmatch);
    281 	if (m->lastpos != NULL)
    282 		free((char *)m->lastpos);
    283 	STATETEARDOWN(m);
    284 	return(0);
    285 }
    286 
    287 /*
    288  - dissect - figure out what matched what, no back references
    289  */
    290 static char *			/* == stop (success) always */
    291 dissect(struct match *m, char *start, char *stop, sopno startst, sopno stopst)
    292 {
    293 	int i;
    294 	sopno ss;	/* start sop of current subRE */
    295 	sopno es;	/* end sop of current subRE */
    296 	char *sp;	/* start of string matched by it */
    297 	char *stp;	/* string matched by it cannot pass here */
    298 	char *rest;	/* start of rest of string */
    299 	char *tail;	/* string unmatched by rest of RE */
    300 	sopno ssub;	/* start sop of subsubRE */
    301 	sopno esub;	/* end sop of subsubRE */
    302 	char *ssp;	/* start of string matched by subsubRE */
    303 	char *sep;	/* end of string matched by subsubRE */
    304 	char *oldssp;	/* previous ssp */
    305 	char *dp;
    306 
    307 	AT("diss", start, stop, startst, stopst);
    308 	sp = start;
    309 	for (ss = startst; ss < stopst; ss = es) {
    310 		/* identify end of subRE */
    311 		es = ss;
    312 		switch (OP(m->g->strip[es])) {
    313 		case OPLUS_:
    314 		case OQUEST_:
    315 			es += OPND(m->g->strip[es]);
    316 			break;
    317 		case OCH_:
    318 			while (OP(m->g->strip[es]) != O_CH)
    319 				es += OPND(m->g->strip[es]);
    320 			break;
    321 		}
    322 		es++;
    323 
    324 		/* figure out what it matched */
    325 		switch (OP(m->g->strip[ss])) {
    326 		case OEND:
    327 			assert(nope);
    328 			break;
    329 		case OCHAR:
    330 			sp++;
    331 			break;
    332 		case OBOL:
    333 		case OEOL:
    334 		case OBOW:
    335 		case OEOW:
    336 			break;
    337 		case OANY:
    338 		case OANYOF:
    339 			sp++;
    340 			break;
    341 		case OBACK_:
    342 		case O_BACK:
    343 			assert(nope);
    344 			break;
    345 		/* cases where length of match is hard to find */
    346 		case OQUEST_:
    347 			stp = stop;
    348 			for (;;) {
    349 				/* how long could this one be? */
    350 				rest = slow(m, sp, stp, ss, es);
    351 				assert(rest != NULL);	/* it did match */
    352 				/* could the rest match the rest? */
    353 				tail = slow(m, rest, stop, es, stopst);
    354 				if (tail == stop)
    355 					break;		/* yes! */
    356 				/* no -- try a shorter match for this one */
    357 				stp = rest - 1;
    358 				assert(stp >= sp);	/* it did work */
    359 			}
    360 			ssub = ss + 1;
    361 			esub = es - 1;
    362 			/* did innards match? */
    363 			if (slow(m, sp, rest, ssub, esub) != NULL) {
    364 				dp = dissect(m, sp, rest, ssub, esub);
    365 				assert(dp == rest);
    366 			} else		/* no */
    367 				assert(sp == rest);
    368 			sp = rest;
    369 			break;
    370 		case OPLUS_:
    371 			stp = stop;
    372 			for (;;) {
    373 				/* how long could this one be? */
    374 				rest = slow(m, sp, stp, ss, es);
    375 				assert(rest != NULL);	/* it did match */
    376 				/* could the rest match the rest? */
    377 				tail = slow(m, rest, stop, es, stopst);
    378 				if (tail == stop)
    379 					break;		/* yes! */
    380 				/* no -- try a shorter match for this one */
    381 				stp = rest - 1;
    382 				assert(stp >= sp);	/* it did work */
    383 			}
    384 			ssub = ss + 1;
    385 			esub = es - 1;
    386 			ssp = sp;
    387 			oldssp = ssp;
    388 			for (;;) {	/* find last match of innards */
    389 				sep = slow(m, ssp, rest, ssub, esub);
    390 				if (sep == NULL || sep == ssp)
    391 					break;	/* failed or matched null */
    392 				oldssp = ssp;	/* on to next try */
    393 				ssp = sep;
    394 			}
    395 			if (sep == NULL) {
    396 				/* last successful match */
    397 				sep = ssp;
    398 				ssp = oldssp;
    399 			}
    400 			assert(sep == rest);	/* must exhaust substring */
    401 			assert(slow(m, ssp, sep, ssub, esub) == rest);
    402 			dp = dissect(m, ssp, sep, ssub, esub);
    403 			assert(dp == sep);
    404 			sp = rest;
    405 			break;
    406 		case OCH_:
    407 			stp = stop;
    408 			for (;;) {
    409 				/* how long could this one be? */
    410 				rest = slow(m, sp, stp, ss, es);
    411 				assert(rest != NULL);	/* it did match */
    412 				/* could the rest match the rest? */
    413 				tail = slow(m, rest, stop, es, stopst);
    414 				if (tail == stop)
    415 					break;		/* yes! */
    416 				/* no -- try a shorter match for this one */
    417 				stp = rest - 1;
    418 				assert(stp >= sp);	/* it did work */
    419 			}
    420 			ssub = ss + 1;
    421 			esub = ss + OPND(m->g->strip[ss]) - 1;
    422 			assert(OP(m->g->strip[esub]) == OOR1);
    423 			for (;;) {	/* find first matching branch */
    424 				if (slow(m, sp, rest, ssub, esub) == rest)
    425 					break;	/* it matched all of it */
    426 				/* that one missed, try next one */
    427 				assert(OP(m->g->strip[esub]) == OOR1);
    428 				esub++;
    429 				assert(OP(m->g->strip[esub]) == OOR2);
    430 				ssub = esub + 1;
    431 				esub += OPND(m->g->strip[esub]);
    432 				if (OP(m->g->strip[esub]) == OOR2)
    433 					esub--;
    434 				else
    435 					assert(OP(m->g->strip[esub]) == O_CH);
    436 			}
    437 			dp = dissect(m, sp, rest, ssub, esub);
    438 			assert(dp == rest);
    439 			sp = rest;
    440 			break;
    441 		case O_PLUS:
    442 		case O_QUEST:
    443 		case OOR1:
    444 		case OOR2:
    445 		case O_CH:
    446 			assert(nope);
    447 			break;
    448 		case OLPAREN:
    449 			i = OPND(m->g->strip[ss]);
    450 			assert(0 < i && i <= m->g->nsub);
    451 			m->pmatch[i].rm_so = sp - m->offp;
    452 			break;
    453 		case ORPAREN:
    454 			i = OPND(m->g->strip[ss]);
    455 			assert(0 < i && i <= m->g->nsub);
    456 			m->pmatch[i].rm_eo = sp - m->offp;
    457 			break;
    458 		default:		/* uh oh */
    459 			assert(nope);
    460 			break;
    461 		}
    462 	}
    463 
    464 	assert(sp == stop);
    465 	return(sp);
    466 }
    467 
    468 /*
    469  - backref - figure out what matched what, figuring in back references
    470  */
    471 static char *			/* == stop (success) or NULL (failure) */
    472 backref(struct match *m, char *start, char *stop, sopno startst, sopno stopst,
    473     sopno lev, int rec)			/* PLUS nesting level */
    474 {
    475 	int i;
    476 	sopno ss;	/* start sop of current subRE */
    477 	char *sp;	/* start of string matched by it */
    478 	sopno ssub;	/* start sop of subsubRE */
    479 	sopno esub;	/* end sop of subsubRE */
    480 	char *ssp;	/* start of string matched by subsubRE */
    481 	char *dp;
    482 	size_t len;
    483 	int hard;
    484 	sop s;
    485 	regoff_t offsave;
    486 	cset *cs;
    487 
    488 	AT("back", start, stop, startst, stopst);
    489 	sp = start;
    490 
    491 	/* get as far as we can with easy stuff */
    492 	hard = 0;
    493 	for (ss = startst; !hard && ss < stopst; ss++)
    494 		switch (OP(s = m->g->strip[ss])) {
    495 		case OCHAR:
    496 			if (sp == stop || *sp++ != (char)OPND(s))
    497 				return(NULL);
    498 			break;
    499 		case OANY:
    500 			if (sp == stop)
    501 				return(NULL);
    502 			sp++;
    503 			break;
    504 		case OANYOF:
    505 			cs = &m->g->sets[OPND(s)];
    506 			if (sp == stop || !CHIN(cs, *sp++))
    507 				return(NULL);
    508 			break;
    509 		case OBOL:
    510 			if ( (sp == m->beginp && !(m->eflags&REG_NOTBOL)) ||
    511 					(sp < m->endp && *(sp-1) == '\n' &&
    512 						(m->g->cflags&REG_NEWLINE)) )
    513 				{ /* yes */ }
    514 			else
    515 				return(NULL);
    516 			break;
    517 		case OEOL:
    518 			if ( (sp == m->endp && !(m->eflags&REG_NOTEOL)) ||
    519 					(sp < m->endp && *sp == '\n' &&
    520 						(m->g->cflags&REG_NEWLINE)) )
    521 				{ /* yes */ }
    522 			else
    523 				return(NULL);
    524 			break;
    525 		case OBOW:
    526 			if (( (sp == m->beginp && !(m->eflags&REG_NOTBOL)) ||
    527 					(sp < m->endp && *(sp-1) == '\n' &&
    528 						(m->g->cflags&REG_NEWLINE)) ||
    529 					(sp > m->beginp &&
    530 							!ISWORD(*(sp-1))) ) &&
    531 					(sp < m->endp && ISWORD(*sp)) )
    532 				{ /* yes */ }
    533 			else
    534 				return(NULL);
    535 			break;
    536 		case OEOW:
    537 			if (( (sp == m->endp && !(m->eflags&REG_NOTEOL)) ||
    538 					(sp < m->endp && *sp == '\n' &&
    539 						(m->g->cflags&REG_NEWLINE)) ||
    540 					(sp < m->endp && !ISWORD(*sp)) ) &&
    541 					(sp > m->beginp && ISWORD(*(sp-1))) )
    542 				{ /* yes */ }
    543 			else
    544 				return(NULL);
    545 			break;
    546 		case O_QUEST:
    547 			break;
    548 		case OOR1:	/* matches null but needs to skip */
    549 			ss++;
    550 			s = m->g->strip[ss];
    551 			do {
    552 				assert(OP(s) == OOR2);
    553 				ss += OPND(s);
    554 			} while (OP(s = m->g->strip[ss]) != O_CH);
    555 			/* note that the ss++ gets us past the O_CH */
    556 			break;
    557 		default:	/* have to make a choice */
    558 			hard = 1;
    559 			break;
    560 		}
    561 	if (!hard) {		/* that was it! */
    562 		if (sp != stop)
    563 			return(NULL);
    564 		return(sp);
    565 	}
    566 	ss--;			/* adjust for the for's final increment */
    567 
    568 	/* the hard stuff */
    569 	AT("hard", sp, stop, ss, stopst);
    570 	s = m->g->strip[ss];
    571 	switch (OP(s)) {
    572 	case OBACK_:		/* the vilest depths */
    573 		i = OPND(s);
    574 		assert(0 < i && i <= m->g->nsub);
    575 		if (m->pmatch[i].rm_eo == -1)
    576 			return(NULL);
    577 		assert(m->pmatch[i].rm_so != -1);
    578 		len = m->pmatch[i].rm_eo - m->pmatch[i].rm_so;
    579 		if (len == 0 && rec++ > MAX_RECURSION)
    580 			return(NULL);
    581 		assert(stop - m->beginp >= len);
    582 		if (sp > stop - len)
    583 			return(NULL);	/* not enough left to match */
    584 		ssp = m->offp + m->pmatch[i].rm_so;
    585 		if (memcmp(sp, ssp, len) != 0)
    586 			return(NULL);
    587 		while (m->g->strip[ss] != SOP(O_BACK, i))
    588 			ss++;
    589 		return(backref(m, sp+len, stop, ss+1, stopst, lev, rec));
    590 		break;
    591 	case OQUEST_:		/* to null or not */
    592 		dp = backref(m, sp, stop, ss+1, stopst, lev, rec);
    593 		if (dp != NULL)
    594 			return(dp);	/* not */
    595 		return(backref(m, sp, stop, ss+OPND(s)+1, stopst, lev, rec));
    596 		break;
    597 	case OPLUS_:
    598 		assert(m->lastpos != NULL);
    599 		assert(lev+1 <= m->g->nplus);
    600 		m->lastpos[lev+1] = sp;
    601 		return(backref(m, sp, stop, ss+1, stopst, lev+1, rec));
    602 		break;
    603 	case O_PLUS:
    604 		if (sp == m->lastpos[lev])	/* last pass matched null */
    605 			return(backref(m, sp, stop, ss+1, stopst, lev-1, rec));
    606 		/* try another pass */
    607 		m->lastpos[lev] = sp;
    608 		dp = backref(m, sp, stop, ss-OPND(s)+1, stopst, lev, rec);
    609 		if (dp == NULL)
    610 			return(backref(m, sp, stop, ss+1, stopst, lev-1, rec));
    611 		else
    612 			return(dp);
    613 		break;
    614 	case OCH_:		/* find the right one, if any */
    615 		ssub = ss + 1;
    616 		esub = ss + OPND(s) - 1;
    617 		assert(OP(m->g->strip[esub]) == OOR1);
    618 		for (;;) {	/* find first matching branch */
    619 			dp = backref(m, sp, stop, ssub, esub, lev, rec);
    620 			if (dp != NULL)
    621 				return(dp);
    622 			/* that one missed, try next one */
    623 			if (OP(m->g->strip[esub]) == O_CH)
    624 				return(NULL);	/* there is none */
    625 			esub++;
    626 			assert(OP(m->g->strip[esub]) == OOR2);
    627 			ssub = esub + 1;
    628 			esub += OPND(m->g->strip[esub]);
    629 			if (OP(m->g->strip[esub]) == OOR2)
    630 				esub--;
    631 			else
    632 				assert(OP(m->g->strip[esub]) == O_CH);
    633 		}
    634 		break;
    635 	case OLPAREN:		/* must undo assignment if rest fails */
    636 		i = OPND(s);
    637 		assert(0 < i && i <= m->g->nsub);
    638 		offsave = m->pmatch[i].rm_so;
    639 		m->pmatch[i].rm_so = sp - m->offp;
    640 		dp = backref(m, sp, stop, ss+1, stopst, lev, rec);
    641 		if (dp != NULL)
    642 			return(dp);
    643 		m->pmatch[i].rm_so = offsave;
    644 		return(NULL);
    645 		break;
    646 	case ORPAREN:		/* must undo assignment if rest fails */
    647 		i = OPND(s);
    648 		assert(0 < i && i <= m->g->nsub);
    649 		offsave = m->pmatch[i].rm_eo;
    650 		m->pmatch[i].rm_eo = sp - m->offp;
    651 		dp = backref(m, sp, stop, ss+1, stopst, lev, rec);
    652 		if (dp != NULL)
    653 			return(dp);
    654 		m->pmatch[i].rm_eo = offsave;
    655 		return(NULL);
    656 		break;
    657 	default:		/* uh oh */
    658 		assert(nope);
    659 		break;
    660 	}
    661 
    662 	/* "can't happen" */
    663 	assert(nope);
    664 	/* NOTREACHED */
    665 	return 0;
    666 }
    667 
    668 /*
    669  - fast - step through the string at top speed
    670  */
    671 static char *			/* where tentative match ended, or NULL */
    672 fast(struct match *m, char *start, char *stop, sopno startst, sopno stopst)
    673 {
    674 	states st = m->st;
    675 	states fresh = m->fresh;
    676 	states tmp = m->tmp;
    677 	char *p = start;
    678 	int c = (start == m->beginp) ? OUT : *(start-1);
    679 	int lastc;	/* previous c */
    680 	int flagch;
    681 	int i;
    682 	char *coldp;	/* last p after which no match was underway */
    683 
    684 	CLEAR(st);
    685 	SET1(st, startst);
    686 	st = step(m->g, startst, stopst, st, NOTHING, st);
    687 	ASSIGN(fresh, st);
    688 	SP("start", st, *p);
    689 	coldp = NULL;
    690 	for (;;) {
    691 		/* next character */
    692 		lastc = c;
    693 		c = (p == m->endp) ? OUT : *p;
    694 		if (EQ(st, fresh))
    695 			coldp = p;
    696 
    697 		/* is there an EOL and/or BOL between lastc and c? */
    698 		flagch = '\0';
    699 		i = 0;
    700 		if ( (lastc == '\n' && m->g->cflags&REG_NEWLINE) ||
    701 				(lastc == OUT && !(m->eflags&REG_NOTBOL)) ) {
    702 			flagch = BOL;
    703 			i = m->g->nbol;
    704 		}
    705 		if ( (c == '\n' && m->g->cflags&REG_NEWLINE) ||
    706 				(c == OUT && !(m->eflags&REG_NOTEOL)) ) {
    707 			flagch = (flagch == BOL) ? BOLEOL : EOL;
    708 			i += m->g->neol;
    709 		}
    710 		if (i != 0) {
    711 			for (; i > 0; i--)
    712 				st = step(m->g, startst, stopst, st, flagch, st);
    713 			SP("boleol", st, c);
    714 		}
    715 
    716 		/* how about a word boundary? */
    717 		if ( (flagch == BOL || (lastc != OUT && !ISWORD(lastc))) &&
    718 					(c != OUT && ISWORD(c)) ) {
    719 			flagch = BOW;
    720 		}
    721 		if ( (lastc != OUT && ISWORD(lastc)) &&
    722 				(flagch == EOL || (c != OUT && !ISWORD(c))) ) {
    723 			flagch = EOW;
    724 		}
    725 		if (flagch == BOW || flagch == EOW) {
    726 			st = step(m->g, startst, stopst, st, flagch, st);
    727 			SP("boweow", st, c);
    728 		}
    729 
    730 		/* are we done? */
    731 		if (ISSET(st, stopst) || p == stop)
    732 			break;		/* NOTE BREAK OUT */
    733 
    734 		/* no, we must deal with this character */
    735 		ASSIGN(tmp, st);
    736 		ASSIGN(st, fresh);
    737 		assert(c != OUT);
    738 		st = step(m->g, startst, stopst, tmp, c, st);
    739 		SP("aft", st, c);
    740 		assert(EQ(step(m->g, startst, stopst, st, NOTHING, st), st));
    741 		p++;
    742 	}
    743 
    744 	assert(coldp != NULL);
    745 	m->coldp = coldp;
    746 	if (ISSET(st, stopst))
    747 		return(p+1);
    748 	else
    749 		return(NULL);
    750 }
    751 
    752 /*
    753  - slow - step through the string more deliberately
    754  */
    755 static char *			/* where it ended */
    756 slow(struct match *m, char *start, char *stop, sopno startst, sopno stopst)
    757 {
    758 	states st = m->st;
    759 	states empty = m->empty;
    760 	states tmp = m->tmp;
    761 	char *p = start;
    762 	int c = (start == m->beginp) ? OUT : *(start-1);
    763 	int lastc;	/* previous c */
    764 	int flagch;
    765 	int i;
    766 	char *matchp;	/* last p at which a match ended */
    767 
    768 	AT("slow", start, stop, startst, stopst);
    769 	CLEAR(st);
    770 	SET1(st, startst);
    771 	SP("sstart", st, *p);
    772 	st = step(m->g, startst, stopst, st, NOTHING, st);
    773 	matchp = NULL;
    774 	for (;;) {
    775 		/* next character */
    776 		lastc = c;
    777 		c = (p == m->endp) ? OUT : *p;
    778 
    779 		/* is there an EOL and/or BOL between lastc and c? */
    780 		flagch = '\0';
    781 		i = 0;
    782 		if ( (lastc == '\n' && m->g->cflags&REG_NEWLINE) ||
    783 				(lastc == OUT && !(m->eflags&REG_NOTBOL)) ) {
    784 			flagch = BOL;
    785 			i = m->g->nbol;
    786 		}
    787 		if ( (c == '\n' && m->g->cflags&REG_NEWLINE) ||
    788 				(c == OUT && !(m->eflags&REG_NOTEOL)) ) {
    789 			flagch = (flagch == BOL) ? BOLEOL : EOL;
    790 			i += m->g->neol;
    791 		}
    792 		if (i != 0) {
    793 			for (; i > 0; i--)
    794 				st = step(m->g, startst, stopst, st, flagch, st);
    795 			SP("sboleol", st, c);
    796 		}
    797 
    798 		/* how about a word boundary? */
    799 		if ( (flagch == BOL || (lastc != OUT && !ISWORD(lastc))) &&
    800 					(c != OUT && ISWORD(c)) ) {
    801 			flagch = BOW;
    802 		}
    803 		if ( (lastc != OUT && ISWORD(lastc)) &&
    804 				(flagch == EOL || (c != OUT && !ISWORD(c))) ) {
    805 			flagch = EOW;
    806 		}
    807 		if (flagch == BOW || flagch == EOW) {
    808 			st = step(m->g, startst, stopst, st, flagch, st);
    809 			SP("sboweow", st, c);
    810 		}
    811 
    812 		/* are we done? */
    813 		if (ISSET(st, stopst))
    814 			matchp = p;
    815 		if (EQ(st, empty) || p == stop)
    816 			break;		/* NOTE BREAK OUT */
    817 
    818 		/* no, we must deal with this character */
    819 		ASSIGN(tmp, st);
    820 		ASSIGN(st, empty);
    821 		assert(c != OUT);
    822 		st = step(m->g, startst, stopst, tmp, c, st);
    823 		SP("saft", st, c);
    824 		assert(EQ(step(m->g, startst, stopst, st, NOTHING, st), st));
    825 		p++;
    826 	}
    827 
    828 	return(matchp);
    829 }
    830 
    831 
    832 /*
    833  - step - map set of states reachable before char to set reachable after
    834  */
    835 static states
    836 step(struct re_guts *g,
    837     sopno start,		/* start state within strip */
    838     sopno stop,			/* state after stop state within strip */
    839     states bef,			/* states reachable before */
    840     int ch,			/* character or NONCHAR code */
    841     states aft)			/* states already known reachable after */
    842 {
    843 	cset *cs;
    844 	sop s;
    845 	sopno pc;
    846 	onestate here;		/* note, macros know this name */
    847 	sopno look;
    848 	int i;
    849 
    850 	for (pc = start, INIT(here, pc); pc != stop; pc++, INC(here)) {
    851 		s = g->strip[pc];
    852 		switch (OP(s)) {
    853 		case OEND:
    854 			assert(pc == stop-1);
    855 			break;
    856 		case OCHAR:
    857 			/* only characters can match */
    858 			assert(!NONCHAR(ch) || ch != (char)OPND(s));
    859 			if (ch == (char)OPND(s))
    860 				FWD(aft, bef, 1);
    861 			break;
    862 		case OBOL:
    863 			if (ch == BOL || ch == BOLEOL)
    864 				FWD(aft, bef, 1);
    865 			break;
    866 		case OEOL:
    867 			if (ch == EOL || ch == BOLEOL)
    868 				FWD(aft, bef, 1);
    869 			break;
    870 		case OBOW:
    871 			if (ch == BOW)
    872 				FWD(aft, bef, 1);
    873 			break;
    874 		case OEOW:
    875 			if (ch == EOW)
    876 				FWD(aft, bef, 1);
    877 			break;
    878 		case OANY:
    879 			if (!NONCHAR(ch))
    880 				FWD(aft, bef, 1);
    881 			break;
    882 		case OANYOF:
    883 			cs = &g->sets[OPND(s)];
    884 			if (!NONCHAR(ch) && CHIN(cs, ch))
    885 				FWD(aft, bef, 1);
    886 			break;
    887 		case OBACK_:		/* ignored here */
    888 		case O_BACK:
    889 			FWD(aft, aft, 1);
    890 			break;
    891 		case OPLUS_:		/* forward, this is just an empty */
    892 			FWD(aft, aft, 1);
    893 			break;
    894 		case O_PLUS:		/* both forward and back */
    895 			FWD(aft, aft, 1);
    896 			i = ISSETBACK(aft, OPND(s));
    897 			BACK(aft, aft, OPND(s));
    898 			if (!i && ISSETBACK(aft, OPND(s))) {
    899 				/* oho, must reconsider loop body */
    900 				pc -= OPND(s) + 1;
    901 				INIT(here, pc);
    902 			}
    903 			break;
    904 		case OQUEST_:		/* two branches, both forward */
    905 			FWD(aft, aft, 1);
    906 			FWD(aft, aft, OPND(s));
    907 			break;
    908 		case O_QUEST:		/* just an empty */
    909 			FWD(aft, aft, 1);
    910 			break;
    911 		case OLPAREN:		/* not significant here */
    912 		case ORPAREN:
    913 			FWD(aft, aft, 1);
    914 			break;
    915 		case OCH_:		/* mark the first two branches */
    916 			FWD(aft, aft, 1);
    917 			assert(OP(g->strip[pc+OPND(s)]) == OOR2);
    918 			FWD(aft, aft, OPND(s));
    919 			break;
    920 		case OOR1:		/* done a branch, find the O_CH */
    921 			if (ISSTATEIN(aft, here)) {
    922 				for (look = 1;
    923 						OP(s = g->strip[pc+look]) != O_CH;
    924 						look += OPND(s))
    925 					assert(OP(s) == OOR2);
    926 				FWD(aft, aft, look);
    927 			}
    928 			break;
    929 		case OOR2:		/* propagate OCH_'s marking */
    930 			FWD(aft, aft, 1);
    931 			if (OP(g->strip[pc+OPND(s)]) != O_CH) {
    932 				assert(OP(g->strip[pc+OPND(s)]) == OOR2);
    933 				FWD(aft, aft, OPND(s));
    934 			}
    935 			break;
    936 		case O_CH:		/* just empty */
    937 			FWD(aft, aft, 1);
    938 			break;
    939 		default:		/* ooooops... */
    940 			assert(nope);
    941 			break;
    942 		}
    943 	}
    944 
    945 	return(aft);
    946 }
    947 
    948 #ifdef REDEBUG
    949 /*
    950  - print - print a set of states
    951  */
    952 static void
    953 print(struct match *m, char *caption, states st, int ch, FILE *d)
    954 {
    955 	struct re_guts *g = m->g;
    956 	int i;
    957 	int first = 1;
    958 
    959 	if (!(m->eflags&REG_TRACE))
    960 		return;
    961 
    962 	(void)fprintf(d, "%s", caption);
    963 	if (ch != '\0')
    964 		(void)fprintf(d, " %s", pchar(ch));
    965 	for (i = 0; i < g->nstates; i++)
    966 		if (ISSET(st, i)) {
    967 			(void)fprintf(d, "%s%d", (first) ? "\t" : ", ", i);
    968 			first = 0;
    969 		}
    970 	(void)fprintf(d, "\n");
    971 }
    972 
    973 /*
    974  - at - print current situation
    975  */
    976 static void
    977 at(struct match *m, char *title, char *start, char *stop, sopno startst,
    978     sopno stopst)
    979 {
    980 	if (!(m->eflags&REG_TRACE))
    981 		return;
    982 
    983 	(void)printf("%s %s-", title, pchar(*start));
    984 	(void)printf("%s ", pchar(*stop));
    985 	(void)printf("%ld-%ld\n", (long)startst, (long)stopst);
    986 }
    987 
    988 #ifndef PCHARDONE
    989 #define	PCHARDONE	/* never again */
    990 /*
    991  - pchar - make a character printable
    992  *
    993  * Is this identical to regchar() over in debug.c?  Well, yes.  But a
    994  * duplicate here avoids having a debugging-capable regexec.o tied to
    995  * a matching debug.o, and this is convenient.  It all disappears in
    996  * the non-debug compilation anyway, so it doesn't matter much.
    997  */
    998 static char *			/* -> representation */
    999 pchar(int ch)
   1000 {
   1001 	static char pbuf[10];
   1002 
   1003 	if (isprint(ch) || ch == ' ')
   1004 		(void)snprintf(pbuf, sizeof pbuf, "%c", ch);
   1005 	else
   1006 		(void)snprintf(pbuf, sizeof pbuf, "\\%o", ch);
   1007 	return(pbuf);
   1008 }
   1009 #endif
   1010 #endif
   1011 
   1012 #undef	matcher
   1013 #undef	fast
   1014 #undef	slow
   1015 #undef	dissect
   1016 #undef	backref
   1017 #undef	step
   1018 #undef	print
   1019 #undef	at
   1020 #undef	match
   1021 #undef	nope
   1022