1 /* 2 * e2image.c --- Program which writes an image file backing up 3 * critical metadata for the filesystem. 4 * 5 * Copyright 2000, 2001 by Theodore Ts'o. 6 * 7 * %Begin-Header% 8 * This file may be redistributed under the terms of the GNU Public 9 * License. 10 * %End-Header% 11 */ 12 13 #define _LARGEFILE_SOURCE 14 #define _LARGEFILE64_SOURCE 15 16 #include <fcntl.h> 17 #include <grp.h> 18 #ifdef HAVE_GETOPT_H 19 #include <getopt.h> 20 #else 21 extern char *optarg; 22 extern int optind; 23 #endif 24 #include <pwd.h> 25 #include <stdio.h> 26 #ifdef HAVE_STDLIB_H 27 #include <stdlib.h> 28 #endif 29 #include <string.h> 30 #include <time.h> 31 #include <unistd.h> 32 #include <fcntl.h> 33 #include <errno.h> 34 #include <sys/stat.h> 35 #include <sys/types.h> 36 37 #include "ext2fs/ext2_fs.h" 38 #include "ext2fs/ext2fs.h" 39 #include "et/com_err.h" 40 #include "uuid/uuid.h" 41 #include "e2p/e2p.h" 42 #include "ext2fs/e2image.h" 43 44 #include "../version.h" 45 #include "nls-enable.h" 46 47 const char * program_name = "e2image"; 48 char * device_name = NULL; 49 50 static void usage(void) 51 { 52 fprintf(stderr, _("Usage: %s [-rsI] device image_file\n"), 53 program_name); 54 exit (1); 55 } 56 57 static void write_header(int fd, struct ext2_image_hdr *hdr, int blocksize) 58 { 59 char *header_buf; 60 int actual; 61 62 header_buf = malloc(blocksize); 63 if (!header_buf) { 64 fputs(_("Couldn't allocate header buffer\n"), stderr); 65 exit(1); 66 } 67 68 if (lseek(fd, 0, SEEK_SET) < 0) { 69 perror("lseek while writing header"); 70 exit(1); 71 } 72 memset(header_buf, 0, blocksize); 73 74 if (hdr) 75 memcpy(header_buf, hdr, sizeof(struct ext2_image_hdr)); 76 77 actual = write(fd, header_buf, blocksize); 78 if (actual < 0) { 79 perror("write header"); 80 exit(1); 81 } 82 if (actual != blocksize) { 83 fprintf(stderr, _("short write (only %d bytes) for " 84 "writing image header"), actual); 85 exit(1); 86 } 87 free(header_buf); 88 } 89 90 static void write_image_file(ext2_filsys fs, int fd) 91 { 92 struct ext2_image_hdr hdr; 93 struct stat st; 94 errcode_t retval; 95 96 write_header(fd, NULL, fs->blocksize); 97 memset(&hdr, 0, sizeof(struct ext2_image_hdr)); 98 99 hdr.offset_super = lseek(fd, 0, SEEK_CUR); 100 retval = ext2fs_image_super_write(fs, fd, 0); 101 if (retval) { 102 com_err(program_name, retval, _("while writing superblock")); 103 exit(1); 104 } 105 106 hdr.offset_inode = lseek(fd, 0, SEEK_CUR); 107 retval = ext2fs_image_inode_write(fs, fd, 108 (fd != 1) ? IMAGER_FLAG_SPARSEWRITE : 0); 109 if (retval) { 110 com_err(program_name, retval, _("while writing inode table")); 111 exit(1); 112 } 113 114 hdr.offset_blockmap = lseek(fd, 0, SEEK_CUR); 115 retval = ext2fs_image_bitmap_write(fs, fd, 0); 116 if (retval) { 117 com_err(program_name, retval, _("while writing block bitmap")); 118 exit(1); 119 } 120 121 hdr.offset_inodemap = lseek(fd, 0, SEEK_CUR); 122 retval = ext2fs_image_bitmap_write(fs, fd, IMAGER_FLAG_INODEMAP); 123 if (retval) { 124 com_err(program_name, retval, _("while writing inode bitmap")); 125 exit(1); 126 } 127 128 hdr.magic_number = EXT2_ET_MAGIC_E2IMAGE; 129 strcpy(hdr.magic_descriptor, "Ext2 Image 1.0"); 130 gethostname(hdr.fs_hostname, sizeof(hdr.fs_hostname)); 131 strncpy(hdr.fs_device_name, device_name, sizeof(hdr.fs_device_name)-1); 132 hdr.fs_device_name[sizeof(hdr.fs_device_name) - 1] = 0; 133 hdr.fs_blocksize = fs->blocksize; 134 135 if (stat(device_name, &st) == 0) 136 hdr.fs_device = st.st_rdev; 137 138 if (fstat(fd, &st) == 0) { 139 hdr.image_device = st.st_dev; 140 hdr.image_inode = st.st_ino; 141 } 142 memcpy(hdr.fs_uuid, fs->super->s_uuid, sizeof(hdr.fs_uuid)); 143 144 hdr.image_time = time(0); 145 write_header(fd, &hdr, fs->blocksize); 146 } 147 148 /* 149 * These set of functions are used to write a RAW image file. 150 */ 151 ext2fs_block_bitmap meta_block_map; 152 ext2fs_block_bitmap scramble_block_map; /* Directory blocks to be scrambled */ 153 154 struct process_block_struct { 155 ext2_ino_t ino; 156 int is_dir; 157 }; 158 159 /* 160 * These subroutines short circuits ext2fs_get_blocks and 161 * ext2fs_check_directory; we use them since we already have the inode 162 * structure, so there's no point in letting the ext2fs library read 163 * the inode again. 164 */ 165 static ino_t stashed_ino = 0; 166 static struct ext2_inode *stashed_inode; 167 168 static errcode_t meta_get_blocks(ext2_filsys fs EXT2FS_ATTR((unused)), 169 ext2_ino_t ino, 170 blk_t *blocks) 171 { 172 int i; 173 174 if ((ino != stashed_ino) || !stashed_inode) 175 return EXT2_ET_CALLBACK_NOTHANDLED; 176 177 for (i=0; i < EXT2_N_BLOCKS; i++) 178 blocks[i] = stashed_inode->i_block[i]; 179 return 0; 180 } 181 182 static errcode_t meta_check_directory(ext2_filsys fs EXT2FS_ATTR((unused)), 183 ext2_ino_t ino) 184 { 185 if ((ino != stashed_ino) || !stashed_inode) 186 return EXT2_ET_CALLBACK_NOTHANDLED; 187 188 if (!LINUX_S_ISDIR(stashed_inode->i_mode)) 189 return EXT2_ET_NO_DIRECTORY; 190 return 0; 191 } 192 193 static errcode_t meta_read_inode(ext2_filsys fs EXT2FS_ATTR((unused)), 194 ext2_ino_t ino, 195 struct ext2_inode *inode) 196 { 197 if ((ino != stashed_ino) || !stashed_inode) 198 return EXT2_ET_CALLBACK_NOTHANDLED; 199 *inode = *stashed_inode; 200 return 0; 201 } 202 203 static void use_inode_shortcuts(ext2_filsys fs, int bool) 204 { 205 if (bool) { 206 fs->get_blocks = meta_get_blocks; 207 fs->check_directory = meta_check_directory; 208 fs->read_inode = meta_read_inode; 209 stashed_ino = 0; 210 } else { 211 fs->get_blocks = 0; 212 fs->check_directory = 0; 213 fs->read_inode = 0; 214 } 215 } 216 217 static int process_dir_block(ext2_filsys fs EXT2FS_ATTR((unused)), 218 blk_t *block_nr, 219 e2_blkcnt_t blockcnt EXT2FS_ATTR((unused)), 220 blk_t ref_block EXT2FS_ATTR((unused)), 221 int ref_offset EXT2FS_ATTR((unused)), 222 void *priv_data EXT2FS_ATTR((unused))) 223 { 224 struct process_block_struct *p; 225 226 p = (struct process_block_struct *) priv_data; 227 228 ext2fs_mark_block_bitmap(meta_block_map, *block_nr); 229 if (scramble_block_map && p->is_dir && blockcnt >= 0) 230 ext2fs_mark_block_bitmap(scramble_block_map, *block_nr); 231 return 0; 232 } 233 234 static int process_file_block(ext2_filsys fs EXT2FS_ATTR((unused)), 235 blk_t *block_nr, 236 e2_blkcnt_t blockcnt, 237 blk_t ref_block EXT2FS_ATTR((unused)), 238 int ref_offset EXT2FS_ATTR((unused)), 239 void *priv_data EXT2FS_ATTR((unused))) 240 { 241 if (blockcnt < 0) { 242 ext2fs_mark_block_bitmap(meta_block_map, *block_nr); 243 } 244 return 0; 245 } 246 247 static void mark_table_blocks(ext2_filsys fs) 248 { 249 blk_t first_block, b; 250 unsigned int i,j; 251 252 first_block = fs->super->s_first_data_block; 253 /* 254 * Mark primary superblock 255 */ 256 ext2fs_mark_block_bitmap(meta_block_map, first_block); 257 258 /* 259 * Mark the primary superblock descriptors 260 */ 261 for (j = 0; j < fs->desc_blocks; j++) { 262 ext2fs_mark_block_bitmap(meta_block_map, 263 ext2fs_descriptor_block_loc(fs, first_block, j)); 264 } 265 266 for (i = 0; i < fs->group_desc_count; i++) { 267 /* 268 * Mark the blocks used for the inode table 269 */ 270 if (fs->group_desc[i].bg_inode_table) { 271 for (j = 0, b = fs->group_desc[i].bg_inode_table; 272 j < (unsigned) fs->inode_blocks_per_group; 273 j++, b++) 274 ext2fs_mark_block_bitmap(meta_block_map, b); 275 } 276 277 /* 278 * Mark block used for the block bitmap 279 */ 280 if (fs->group_desc[i].bg_block_bitmap) { 281 ext2fs_mark_block_bitmap(meta_block_map, 282 fs->group_desc[i].bg_block_bitmap); 283 } 284 285 /* 286 * Mark block used for the inode bitmap 287 */ 288 if (fs->group_desc[i].bg_inode_bitmap) { 289 ext2fs_mark_block_bitmap(meta_block_map, 290 fs->group_desc[i].bg_inode_bitmap); 291 } 292 } 293 } 294 295 /* 296 * This function returns 1 if the specified block is all zeros 297 */ 298 static int check_zero_block(char *buf, int blocksize) 299 { 300 char *cp = buf; 301 int left = blocksize; 302 303 while (left > 0) { 304 if (*cp++) 305 return 0; 306 left--; 307 } 308 return 1; 309 } 310 311 static void write_block(int fd, char *buf, int sparse_offset, 312 int blocksize, blk_t block) 313 { 314 int count; 315 errcode_t err; 316 317 if (sparse_offset) { 318 #ifdef HAVE_LSEEK64 319 if (lseek64(fd, sparse_offset, SEEK_CUR) < 0) 320 perror("lseek"); 321 #else 322 if (lseek(fd, sparse_offset, SEEK_CUR) < 0) 323 perror("lseek"); 324 #endif 325 } 326 if (blocksize) { 327 count = write(fd, buf, blocksize); 328 if (count != blocksize) { 329 if (count == -1) 330 err = errno; 331 else 332 err = 0; 333 com_err(program_name, err, "error writing block %u", 334 block); 335 exit(1); 336 } 337 } 338 } 339 340 int name_id[256]; 341 342 #define EXT4_MAX_REC_LEN ((1<<16)-1) 343 344 static void scramble_dir_block(ext2_filsys fs, blk_t blk, char *buf) 345 { 346 char *p, *end, *cp; 347 struct ext2_dir_entry_2 *dirent; 348 unsigned int rec_len; 349 int id, len; 350 351 end = buf + fs->blocksize; 352 for (p = buf; p < end-8; p += rec_len) { 353 dirent = (struct ext2_dir_entry_2 *) p; 354 rec_len = dirent->rec_len; 355 #ifdef WORDS_BIGENDIAN 356 rec_len = ext2fs_swab16(rec_len); 357 #endif 358 if (rec_len == EXT4_MAX_REC_LEN || rec_len == 0) 359 rec_len = fs->blocksize; 360 else 361 rec_len = (rec_len & 65532) | ((rec_len & 3) << 16); 362 #if 0 363 printf("rec_len = %d, name_len = %d\n", rec_len, dirent->name_len); 364 #endif 365 if (rec_len < 8 || (rec_len % 4) || 366 (p+rec_len > end)) { 367 printf("Corrupt directory block %lu: " 368 "bad rec_len (%d)\n", (unsigned long) blk, 369 rec_len); 370 rec_len = end - p; 371 (void) ext2fs_set_rec_len(fs, rec_len, 372 (struct ext2_dir_entry *) dirent); 373 #ifdef WORDS_BIGENDIAN 374 dirent->rec_len = ext2fs_swab16(dirent->rec_len); 375 #endif 376 continue; 377 } 378 if (dirent->name_len + 8 > rec_len) { 379 printf("Corrupt directory block %lu: " 380 "bad name_len (%d)\n", (unsigned long) blk, 381 dirent->name_len); 382 dirent->name_len = rec_len - 8; 383 continue; 384 } 385 cp = p+8; 386 len = rec_len - dirent->name_len - 8; 387 if (len > 0) 388 memset(cp+dirent->name_len, 0, len); 389 if (dirent->name_len==1 && cp[0] == '.') 390 continue; 391 if (dirent->name_len==2 && cp[0] == '.' && cp[1] == '.') 392 continue; 393 394 memset(cp, 'A', dirent->name_len); 395 len = dirent->name_len; 396 id = name_id[len]++; 397 while ((len > 0) && (id > 0)) { 398 *cp += id % 26; 399 id = id / 26; 400 cp++; 401 len--; 402 } 403 } 404 } 405 406 static void output_meta_data_blocks(ext2_filsys fs, int fd) 407 { 408 errcode_t retval; 409 blk_t blk; 410 char *buf, *zero_buf; 411 int sparse = 0; 412 413 buf = malloc(fs->blocksize); 414 if (!buf) { 415 com_err(program_name, ENOMEM, "while allocating buffer"); 416 exit(1); 417 } 418 zero_buf = malloc(fs->blocksize); 419 if (!zero_buf) { 420 com_err(program_name, ENOMEM, "while allocating buffer"); 421 exit(1); 422 } 423 memset(zero_buf, 0, fs->blocksize); 424 for (blk = 0; blk < fs->super->s_blocks_count; blk++) { 425 if ((blk >= fs->super->s_first_data_block) && 426 ext2fs_test_block_bitmap(meta_block_map, blk)) { 427 retval = io_channel_read_blk(fs->io, blk, 1, buf); 428 if (retval) { 429 com_err(program_name, retval, 430 "error reading block %u", blk); 431 } 432 if (scramble_block_map && 433 ext2fs_test_block_bitmap(scramble_block_map, blk)) 434 scramble_dir_block(fs, blk, buf); 435 if ((fd != 1) && check_zero_block(buf, fs->blocksize)) 436 goto sparse_write; 437 write_block(fd, buf, sparse, fs->blocksize, blk); 438 sparse = 0; 439 } else { 440 sparse_write: 441 if (fd == 1) { 442 write_block(fd, zero_buf, 0, 443 fs->blocksize, blk); 444 continue; 445 } 446 sparse += fs->blocksize; 447 if (sparse >= 1024*1024) { 448 write_block(fd, 0, sparse, 0, 0); 449 sparse = 0; 450 } 451 } 452 } 453 if (sparse) 454 write_block(fd, zero_buf, sparse-1, 1, -1); 455 free(zero_buf); 456 free(buf); 457 } 458 459 static void write_raw_image_file(ext2_filsys fs, int fd, int scramble_flag) 460 { 461 struct process_block_struct pb; 462 struct ext2_inode inode; 463 ext2_inode_scan scan; 464 ext2_ino_t ino; 465 errcode_t retval; 466 char * block_buf; 467 468 retval = ext2fs_allocate_block_bitmap(fs, "in-use block map", 469 &meta_block_map); 470 if (retval) { 471 com_err(program_name, retval, "while allocating block bitmap"); 472 exit(1); 473 } 474 475 if (scramble_flag) { 476 retval = ext2fs_allocate_block_bitmap(fs, "scramble block map", 477 &scramble_block_map); 478 if (retval) { 479 com_err(program_name, retval, 480 "while allocating scramble block bitmap"); 481 exit(1); 482 } 483 } 484 485 mark_table_blocks(fs); 486 487 retval = ext2fs_open_inode_scan(fs, 0, &scan); 488 if (retval) { 489 com_err(program_name, retval, _("while opening inode scan")); 490 exit(1); 491 } 492 493 block_buf = malloc(fs->blocksize * 3); 494 if (!block_buf) { 495 com_err(program_name, 0, "Can't allocate block buffer"); 496 exit(1); 497 } 498 499 use_inode_shortcuts(fs, 1); 500 stashed_inode = &inode; 501 while (1) { 502 retval = ext2fs_get_next_inode(scan, &ino, &inode); 503 if (retval == EXT2_ET_BAD_BLOCK_IN_INODE_TABLE) 504 continue; 505 if (retval) { 506 com_err(program_name, retval, 507 _("while getting next inode")); 508 exit(1); 509 } 510 if (ino == 0) 511 break; 512 if (!inode.i_links_count) 513 continue; 514 if (inode.i_file_acl) { 515 ext2fs_mark_block_bitmap(meta_block_map, 516 inode.i_file_acl); 517 } 518 if (!ext2fs_inode_has_valid_blocks(&inode)) 519 continue; 520 521 stashed_ino = ino; 522 pb.ino = ino; 523 pb.is_dir = LINUX_S_ISDIR(inode.i_mode); 524 if (LINUX_S_ISDIR(inode.i_mode) || 525 (LINUX_S_ISLNK(inode.i_mode) && 526 ext2fs_inode_has_valid_blocks(&inode)) || 527 ino == fs->super->s_journal_inum) { 528 retval = ext2fs_block_iterate2(fs, ino, 529 BLOCK_FLAG_READ_ONLY, block_buf, 530 process_dir_block, &pb); 531 if (retval) { 532 com_err(program_name, retval, 533 "while iterating over inode %u", 534 ino); 535 exit(1); 536 } 537 } else { 538 if ((inode.i_flags & EXT4_EXTENTS_FL) || 539 inode.i_block[EXT2_IND_BLOCK] || 540 inode.i_block[EXT2_DIND_BLOCK] || 541 inode.i_block[EXT2_TIND_BLOCK]) { 542 retval = ext2fs_block_iterate2(fs, 543 ino, BLOCK_FLAG_READ_ONLY, block_buf, 544 process_file_block, &pb); 545 if (retval) { 546 com_err(program_name, retval, 547 "while iterating over inode %u", ino); 548 exit(1); 549 } 550 } 551 } 552 } 553 use_inode_shortcuts(fs, 0); 554 output_meta_data_blocks(fs, fd); 555 free(block_buf); 556 } 557 558 static void install_image(char *device, char *image_fn, int raw_flag) 559 { 560 errcode_t retval; 561 ext2_filsys fs; 562 int open_flag = EXT2_FLAG_IMAGE_FILE; 563 int fd = 0; 564 io_manager io_ptr; 565 io_channel io, image_io; 566 567 if (raw_flag) { 568 com_err(program_name, 0, "Raw images cannot be installed"); 569 exit(1); 570 } 571 572 #ifdef CONFIG_TESTIO_DEBUG 573 if (getenv("TEST_IO_FLAGS") || getenv("TEST_IO_BLOCK")) { 574 io_ptr = test_io_manager; 575 test_io_backing_manager = unix_io_manager; 576 } else 577 #endif 578 io_ptr = unix_io_manager; 579 580 retval = ext2fs_open (image_fn, open_flag, 0, 0, 581 io_ptr, &fs); 582 if (retval) { 583 com_err (program_name, retval, _("while trying to open %s"), 584 image_fn); 585 exit(1); 586 } 587 588 retval = ext2fs_read_bitmaps (fs); 589 if (retval) { 590 com_err(program_name, retval, "error reading bitmaps"); 591 exit(1); 592 } 593 594 #ifdef HAVE_OPEN64 595 fd = open64(image_fn, O_RDONLY); 596 #else 597 fd = open(image_fn, O_RDONLY); 598 #endif 599 if (fd < 0) { 600 perror(image_fn); 601 exit(1); 602 } 603 604 retval = io_ptr->open(device, IO_FLAG_RW, &io); 605 if (retval) { 606 com_err(device, 0, "while opening device file"); 607 exit(1); 608 } 609 610 image_io = fs->io; 611 612 ext2fs_rewrite_to_io(fs, io); 613 614 if (lseek(fd, fs->image_header->offset_inode, SEEK_SET) < 0) { 615 perror("lseek"); 616 exit(1); 617 } 618 619 retval = ext2fs_image_inode_read(fs, fd, 0); 620 if (retval) { 621 com_err(image_fn, 0, "while restoring the image table"); 622 exit(1); 623 } 624 625 ext2fs_close (fs); 626 exit (0); 627 } 628 629 int main (int argc, char ** argv) 630 { 631 int c; 632 errcode_t retval; 633 ext2_filsys fs; 634 char *image_fn; 635 int open_flag = 0; 636 int raw_flag = 0; 637 int install_flag = 0; 638 int scramble_flag = 0; 639 int fd = 0; 640 641 #ifdef ENABLE_NLS 642 setlocale(LC_MESSAGES, ""); 643 setlocale(LC_CTYPE, ""); 644 bindtextdomain(NLS_CAT_NAME, LOCALEDIR); 645 textdomain(NLS_CAT_NAME); 646 #endif 647 fprintf (stderr, "e2image %s (%s)\n", E2FSPROGS_VERSION, 648 E2FSPROGS_DATE); 649 if (argc && *argv) 650 program_name = *argv; 651 add_error_table(&et_ext2_error_table); 652 while ((c = getopt (argc, argv, "rsI")) != EOF) 653 switch (c) { 654 case 'r': 655 raw_flag++; 656 break; 657 case 's': 658 scramble_flag++; 659 break; 660 case 'I': 661 install_flag++; 662 break; 663 default: 664 usage(); 665 } 666 if (optind != argc - 2 ) 667 usage(); 668 device_name = argv[optind]; 669 image_fn = argv[optind+1]; 670 671 if (install_flag) { 672 install_image(device_name, image_fn, raw_flag); 673 exit (0); 674 } 675 676 retval = ext2fs_open (device_name, open_flag, 0, 0, 677 unix_io_manager, &fs); 678 if (retval) { 679 com_err (program_name, retval, _("while trying to open %s"), 680 device_name); 681 fputs(_("Couldn't find valid filesystem superblock.\n"), stdout); 682 exit(1); 683 } 684 685 if (strcmp(image_fn, "-") == 0) 686 fd = 1; 687 else { 688 #ifdef HAVE_OPEN64 689 fd = open64(image_fn, O_CREAT|O_TRUNC|O_WRONLY, 0600); 690 #else 691 fd = open(image_fn, O_CREAT|O_TRUNC|O_WRONLY, 0600); 692 #endif 693 if (fd < 0) { 694 com_err(program_name, errno, 695 _("while trying to open %s"), argv[optind+1]); 696 exit(1); 697 } 698 } 699 700 if (raw_flag) 701 write_raw_image_file(fs, fd, scramble_flag); 702 else 703 write_image_file(fs, fd); 704 705 ext2fs_close (fs); 706 remove_error_table(&et_ext2_error_table); 707 exit (0); 708 } 709
