external/libpng/libpng.3

 LIBPNG 3 "July 9, 2011"
 NAME
libpng - Portable Network Graphics (PNG) Reference Library 1.2.46
 SYNOPSIS


#include <png.h>


png_uint_32 png_access_version_number (void);


int png_check_sig (png_bytep sig, int num);


void png_chunk_error (png_structp png_ptr, png_const_charp error);


void png_chunk_warning (png_structp png_ptr, png_const_charp message);


void png_convert_from_struct_tm (png_timep ptime, struct tm FAR * ttime);


void png_convert_from_time_t (png_timep ptime, time_t ttime);


png_charp png_convert_to_rfc1123 (png_structp png_ptr, png_timep ptime);


png_infop png_create_info_struct (png_structp png_ptr);


png_structp png_create_read_struct (png_const_charp user_png_ver, png_voidp error_ptr, png_error_ptr error_fn, png_error_ptr warn_fn);


png_structp png_create_read_struct_2(png_const_charp user_png_ver, png_voidp error_ptr, png_error_ptr error_fn, png_error_ptr warn_fn, png_voidp mem_ptr, png_malloc_ptr malloc_fn, png_free_ptr free_fn);


png_structp png_create_write_struct (png_const_charp user_png_ver, png_voidp error_ptr, png_error_ptr error_fn, png_error_ptr warn_fn);


png_structp png_create_write_struct_2(png_const_charp user_png_ver, png_voidp error_ptr, png_error_ptr error_fn, png_error_ptr warn_fn, png_voidp mem_ptr, png_malloc_ptr malloc_fn, png_free_ptr free_fn);


int png_debug(int level, png_const_charp message);


int png_debug1(int level, png_const_charp message, p1);


int png_debug2(int level, png_const_charp message, p1, p2);


void png_destroy_info_struct (png_structp png_ptr, png_infopp info_ptr_ptr);


void png_destroy_read_struct (png_structpp png_ptr_ptr, png_infopp info_ptr_ptr, png_infopp end_info_ptr_ptr);


void png_destroy_write_struct (png_structpp png_ptr_ptr, png_infopp info_ptr_ptr);


void png_error (png_structp png_ptr, png_const_charp error);


void png_free (png_structp png_ptr, png_voidp ptr);


void png_free_chunk_list (png_structp png_ptr);


void png_free_default(png_structp png_ptr, png_voidp ptr);


void png_free_data (png_structp png_ptr, png_infop info_ptr, int num);


png_byte png_get_bit_depth (png_structp png_ptr, png_infop info_ptr);


png_uint_32 png_get_bKGD (png_structp png_ptr, png_infop info_ptr, png_color_16p *background);


png_byte png_get_channels (png_structp png_ptr, png_infop info_ptr);


png_uint_32 png_get_cHRM (png_structp png_ptr, png_infop info_ptr, double *white_x, double *white_y, double *red_x, double *red_y, double *green_x, double *green_y, double *blue_x, double *blue_y);


png_uint_32 png_get_cHRM_fixed (png_structp png_ptr, png_infop info_ptr, png_uint_32 *white_x, png_uint_32 *white_y, png_uint_32 *red_x, png_uint_32 *red_y, png_uint_32 *green_x, png_uint_32 *green_y, png_uint_32 *blue_x, png_uint_32 *blue_y);


png_byte png_get_color_type (png_structp png_ptr, png_infop info_ptr);


png_byte png_get_compression_type (png_structp png_ptr, png_infop info_ptr);


png_byte png_get_copyright (png_structp png_ptr);


png_voidp png_get_error_ptr (png_structp png_ptr);


png_byte png_get_filter_type (png_structp png_ptr, png_infop info_ptr);


png_uint_32 png_get_gAMA (png_structp png_ptr, png_infop info_ptr, double *file_gamma);


png_uint_32 png_get_gAMA_fixed (png_structp png_ptr, png_infop info_ptr, png_uint_32 *int_file_gamma);


png_byte png_get_header_ver (png_structp png_ptr);


png_byte png_get_header_version (png_structp png_ptr);


png_uint_32 png_get_hIST (png_structp png_ptr, png_infop info_ptr, png_uint_16p *hist);


png_uint_32 png_get_iCCP (png_structp png_ptr, png_infop info_ptr, png_charpp name, int *compression_type, png_charpp profile, png_uint_32 *proflen);


png_uint_32 png_get_IHDR (png_structp png_ptr, png_infop info_ptr, png_uint_32 *width, png_uint_32 *height, int *bit_depth, int *color_type, int *interlace_type, int *compression_type, int *filter_type);


png_uint_32 png_get_image_height (png_structp png_ptr, png_infop info_ptr);


png_uint_32 png_get_image_width (png_structp png_ptr, png_infop info_ptr);


#if !defined(PNG_1_0_X)

png_int_32 png_get_int_32 (png_bytep buf);

#endif


png_byte png_get_interlace_type (png_structp png_ptr, png_infop info_ptr);


png_voidp png_get_io_ptr (png_structp png_ptr);


png_byte png_get_libpng_ver (png_structp png_ptr);


png_voidp png_get_mem_ptr(png_structp png_ptr);


png_uint_32 png_get_oFFs (png_structp png_ptr, png_infop info_ptr, png_uint_32 *offset_x, png_uint_32 *offset_y, int *unit_type);


png_uint_32 png_get_pCAL (png_structp png_ptr, png_infop info_ptr, png_charp *purpose, png_int_32 *X0, png_int_32 *X1, int *type, int *nparams, png_charp *units, png_charpp *params);


png_uint_32 png_get_pHYs (png_structp png_ptr, png_infop info_ptr, png_uint_32 *res_x, png_uint_32 *res_y, int *unit_type);


float png_get_pixel_aspect_ratio (png_structp png_ptr, png_infop info_ptr);


png_uint_32 png_get_pixels_per_meter (png_structp png_ptr, png_infop info_ptr);


png_voidp png_get_progressive_ptr (png_structp png_ptr);


png_uint_32 png_get_PLTE (png_structp png_ptr, png_infop info_ptr, png_colorp *palette, int *num_palette);


png_byte png_get_rgb_to_gray_status (png_structp png_ptr)

png_uint_32 png_get_rowbytes (png_structp png_ptr, png_infop info_ptr);


png_bytepp png_get_rows (png_structp png_ptr, png_infop info_ptr);


png_uint_32 png_get_sBIT (png_structp png_ptr, png_infop info_ptr, png_color_8p *sig_bit);


png_bytep png_get_signature (png_structp png_ptr, png_infop info_ptr);


png_uint_32 png_get_sPLT (png_structp png_ptr, png_infop info_ptr, png_spalette_p *splt_ptr);


png_uint_32 png_get_sRGB (png_structp png_ptr, png_infop info_ptr, int *intent);


png_uint_32 png_get_text (png_structp png_ptr, png_infop info_ptr, png_textp *text_ptr, int *num_text);


png_uint_32 png_get_tIME (png_structp png_ptr, png_infop info_ptr, png_timep *mod_time);


png_uint_32 png_get_tRNS (png_structp png_ptr, png_infop info_ptr, png_bytep *trans, int *num_trans, png_color_16p *trans_values);


#if !defined(PNG_1_0_X)

png_uint_16 png_get_uint_16 (png_bytep buf);


png_uint_32 png_get_uint_31 (png_bytep buf);


png_uint_32 png_get_uint_32 (png_bytep buf);

#endif


png_uint_32 png_get_unknown_chunks (png_structp png_ptr, png_infop info_ptr, png_unknown_chunkpp unknowns);


png_voidp png_get_user_chunk_ptr (png_structp png_ptr);


png_uint_32 png_get_user_height_max( png_structp png_ptr);


png_voidp png_get_user_transform_ptr (png_structp png_ptr);


png_uint_32 png_get_user_width_max (png_structp png_ptr);


png_uint_32 png_get_valid (png_structp png_ptr, png_infop info_ptr, png_uint_32 flag);


png_int_32 png_get_x_offset_microns (png_structp png_ptr, png_infop info_ptr);


png_int_32 png_get_x_offset_pixels (png_structp png_ptr, png_infop info_ptr);


png_uint_32 png_get_x_pixels_per_meter (png_structp png_ptr, png_infop info_ptr);


png_int_32 png_get_y_offset_microns (png_structp png_ptr, png_infop info_ptr);


png_int_32 png_get_y_offset_pixels (png_structp png_ptr, png_infop info_ptr);


png_uint_32 png_get_y_pixels_per_meter (png_structp png_ptr, png_infop info_ptr);


png_uint_32 png_get_compression_buffer_size (png_structp png_ptr);


int png_handle_as_unknown (png_structp png_ptr, png_bytep chunk_name);


void png_init_io (png_structp png_ptr, FILE *fp);


DEPRECATED: void png_info_init (png_infop info_ptr);


DEPRECATED: void png_info_init_2 (png_infopp ptr_ptr, png_size_t png_info_struct_size);


png_voidp png_malloc (png_structp png_ptr, png_uint_32 size);


png_voidp png_malloc_default(png_structp png_ptr, png_uint_32 size);


voidp png_memcpy (png_voidp s1, png_voidp s2, png_size_t size);


png_voidp png_memcpy_check (png_structp png_ptr, png_voidp s1, png_voidp s2, png_uint_32 size);


voidp png_memset (png_voidp s1, int value, png_size_t size);


png_voidp png_memset_check (png_structp png_ptr, png_voidp s1, int value, png_uint_32 size);


DEPRECATED: void png_permit_empty_plte (png_structp png_ptr, int empty_plte_permitted);


void png_process_data (png_structp png_ptr, png_infop info_ptr, png_bytep buffer, png_size_t buffer_size);


void png_progressive_combine_row (png_structp png_ptr, png_bytep old_row, png_bytep new_row);


void png_read_destroy (png_structp png_ptr, png_infop info_ptr, png_infop end_info_ptr);


void png_read_end (png_structp png_ptr, png_infop info_ptr);


void png_read_image (png_structp png_ptr, png_bytepp image);


DEPRECATED: void png_read_init (png_structp png_ptr);


DEPRECATED: void png_read_init_2 (png_structpp ptr_ptr, png_const_charp user_png_ver, png_size_t png_struct_size, png_size_t png_info_size);


void png_read_info (png_structp png_ptr, png_infop info_ptr);


void png_read_png (png_structp png_ptr, png_infop info_ptr, int transforms, png_voidp params);


void png_read_row (png_structp png_ptr, png_bytep row, png_bytep display_row);


void png_read_rows (png_structp png_ptr, png_bytepp row, png_bytepp display_row, png_uint_32 num_rows);


void png_read_update_info (png_structp png_ptr, png_infop info_ptr);


#if !defined(PNG_1_0_X)

png_save_int_32 (png_bytep buf, png_int_32 i);


void png_save_uint_16 (png_bytep buf, unsigned int i);


void png_save_uint_32 (png_bytep buf, png_uint_32 i);


void png_set_add_alpha (png_structp png_ptr, png_uint_32 filler, int flags);

#endif


void png_set_background (png_structp png_ptr, png_color_16p background_color, int background_gamma_code, int need_expand, double background_gamma);


void png_set_bgr (png_structp png_ptr);


void png_set_bKGD (png_structp png_ptr, png_infop info_ptr, png_color_16p background);


void png_set_cHRM (png_structp png_ptr, png_infop info_ptr, double white_x, double white_y, double red_x, double red_y, double green_x, double green_y, double blue_x, double blue_y);


void png_set_cHRM_fixed (png_structp png_ptr, png_infop info_ptr, png_uint_32 white_x, png_uint_32 white_y, png_uint_32 red_x, png_uint_32 red_y, png_uint_32 green_x, png_uint_32 green_y, png_uint_32 blue_x, png_uint_32 blue_y);


void png_set_compression_level (png_structp png_ptr, int level);


void png_set_compression_mem_level (png_structp png_ptr, int mem_level);


void png_set_compression_method (png_structp png_ptr, int method);


void png_set_compression_strategy (png_structp png_ptr, int strategy);


void png_set_compression_window_bits (png_structp png_ptr, int window_bits);


void png_set_crc_action (png_structp png_ptr, int crit_action, int ancil_action);


void png_set_dither (png_structp png_ptr, png_colorp palette, int num_palette, int maximum_colors, png_uint_16p histogram, int full_dither);


void png_set_error_fn (png_structp png_ptr, png_voidp error_ptr, png_error_ptr error_fn, png_error_ptr warning_fn);


void png_set_expand (png_structp png_ptr);


void png_set_expand_gray_1_2_4_to_8(png_structp png_ptr);


void png_set_filler (png_structp png_ptr, png_uint_32 filler, int flags);


void png_set_filter (png_structp png_ptr, int method, int filters);


void png_set_filter_heuristics (png_structp png_ptr, int heuristic_method, int num_weights, png_doublep filter_weights, png_doublep filter_costs);


void png_set_flush (png_structp png_ptr, int nrows);


void png_set_gamma (png_structp png_ptr, double screen_gamma, double default_file_gamma);


void png_set_gAMA (png_structp png_ptr, png_infop info_ptr, double file_gamma);


void png_set_gAMA_fixed (png_structp png_ptr, png_infop info_ptr, png_uint_32 file_gamma);


void png_set_gray_1_2_4_to_8(png_structp png_ptr);


void png_set_gray_to_rgb (png_structp png_ptr);


void png_set_hIST (png_structp png_ptr, png_infop info_ptr, png_uint_16p hist);


void png_set_iCCP (png_structp png_ptr, png_infop info_ptr, png_charp name, int compression_type, png_charp profile, png_uint_32 proflen);


int png_set_interlace_handling (png_structp png_ptr);


void png_set_invalid (png_structp png_ptr, png_infop info_ptr, int mask);


void png_set_invert_alpha (png_structp png_ptr);


void png_set_invert_mono (png_structp png_ptr);


void png_set_IHDR (png_structp png_ptr, png_infop info_ptr, png_uint_32 width, png_uint_32 height, int bit_depth, int color_type, int interlace_type, int compression_type, int filter_type);


void png_set_keep_unknown_chunks (png_structp png_ptr, int keep, png_bytep chunk_list, int num_chunks);


void png_set_mem_fn(png_structp png_ptr, png_voidp mem_ptr, png_malloc_ptr malloc_fn, png_free_ptr free_fn);


void png_set_oFFs (png_structp png_ptr, png_infop info_ptr, png_uint_32 offset_x, png_uint_32 offset_y, int unit_type);


void png_set_packing (png_structp png_ptr);


void png_set_packswap (png_structp png_ptr);


void png_set_palette_to_rgb(png_structp png_ptr);


void png_set_pCAL (png_structp png_ptr, png_infop info_ptr, png_charp purpose, png_int_32 X0, png_int_32 X1, int type, int nparams, png_charp units, png_charpp params);


void png_set_pHYs (png_structp png_ptr, png_infop info_ptr, png_uint_32 res_x, png_uint_32 res_y, int unit_type);


void png_set_progressive_read_fn (png_structp png_ptr, png_voidp progressive_ptr, png_progressive_info_ptr info_fn, png_progressive_row_ptr row_fn, png_progressive_end_ptr end_fn);


void png_set_PLTE (png_structp png_ptr, png_infop info_ptr, png_colorp palette, int num_palette);


void png_set_read_fn (png_structp png_ptr, png_voidp io_ptr, png_rw_ptr read_data_fn);


void png_set_read_status_fn (png_structp png_ptr, png_read_status_ptr read_row_fn);


void png_set_read_user_transform_fn (png_structp png_ptr, png_user_transform_ptr read_user_transform_fn);


void png_set_rgb_to_gray (png_structp png_ptr, int error_action, double red, double green);


void png_set_rgb_to_gray_fixed (png_structp png_ptr, int error_action png_fixed_point red, png_fixed_point green);


void png_set_rows (png_structp png_ptr, png_infop info_ptr, png_bytepp row_pointers);


void png_set_sBIT (png_structp png_ptr, png_infop info_ptr, png_color_8p sig_bit);


void png_set_sCAL (png_structp png_ptr, png_infop info_ptr, png_charp unit, double width, double height);


void png_set_shift (png_structp png_ptr, png_color_8p true_bits);


void png_set_sig_bytes (png_structp png_ptr, int num_bytes);


void png_set_sPLT (png_structp png_ptr, png_infop info_ptr, png_spalette_p splt_ptr, int num_spalettes);


void png_set_sRGB (png_structp png_ptr, png_infop info_ptr, int intent);


void png_set_sRGB_gAMA_and_cHRM (png_structp png_ptr, png_infop info_ptr, int intent);


void png_set_strip_16 (png_structp png_ptr);


void png_set_strip_alpha (png_structp png_ptr);


void png_set_swap (png_structp png_ptr);


void png_set_swap_alpha (png_structp png_ptr);


void png_set_text (png_structp png_ptr, png_infop info_ptr, png_textp text_ptr, int num_text);


void png_set_tIME (png_structp png_ptr, png_infop info_ptr, png_timep mod_time);


void png_set_tRNS (png_structp png_ptr, png_infop info_ptr, png_bytep trans, int num_trans, png_color_16p trans_values);


void png_set_tRNS_to_alpha(png_structp png_ptr);


png_uint_32 png_set_unknown_chunks (png_structp png_ptr, png_infop info_ptr, png_unknown_chunkp unknowns, int num, int location);


void png_set_unknown_chunk_location(png_structp png_ptr, png_infop info_ptr, int chunk, int location);


void png_set_read_user_chunk_fn (png_structp png_ptr, png_voidp user_chunk_ptr, png_user_chunk_ptr read_user_chunk_fn);


void png_set_user_limits (png_structp png_ptr, png_uint_32 user_width_max, png_uint_32 user_height_max);


void png_set_user_transform_info (png_structp png_ptr, png_voidp user_transform_ptr, int user_transform_depth, int user_transform_channels);


void png_set_write_fn (png_structp png_ptr, png_voidp io_ptr, png_rw_ptr write_data_fn, png_flush_ptr output_flush_fn);


void png_set_write_status_fn (png_structp png_ptr, png_write_status_ptr write_row_fn);


void png_set_write_user_transform_fn (png_structp png_ptr, png_user_transform_ptr write_user_transform_fn);


void png_set_compression_buffer_size(png_structp png_ptr, png_uint_32 size);


int png_sig_cmp (png_bytep sig, png_size_t start, png_size_t num_to_check);


void png_start_read_image (png_structp png_ptr);


void png_warning (png_structp png_ptr, png_const_charp message);


void png_write_chunk (png_structp png_ptr, png_bytep chunk_name, png_bytep data, png_size_t length);


void png_write_chunk_data (png_structp png_ptr, png_bytep data, png_size_t length);


void png_write_chunk_end (png_structp png_ptr);


void png_write_chunk_start (png_structp png_ptr, png_bytep chunk_name, png_uint_32 length);


void png_write_destroy (png_structp png_ptr);


void png_write_end (png_structp png_ptr, png_infop info_ptr);


void png_write_flush (png_structp png_ptr);


void png_write_image (png_structp png_ptr, png_bytepp image);


DEPRECATED: void png_write_init (png_structp png_ptr);


DEPRECATED: void png_write_init_2 (png_structpp ptr_ptr, png_const_charp user_png_ver, png_size_t png_struct_size, png_size_t png_info_size);


void png_write_info (png_structp png_ptr, png_infop info_ptr);


void png_write_info_before_PLTE (png_structp png_ptr, png_infop info_ptr);


void png_write_png (png_structp png_ptr, png_infop info_ptr, int transforms, png_voidp params);


void png_write_row (png_structp png_ptr, png_bytep row);


void png_write_rows (png_structp png_ptr, png_bytepp row, png_uint_32 num_rows);


voidpf png_zalloc (voidpf png_ptr, uInt items, uInt size);


void png_zfree (voidpf png_ptr, voidpf ptr);


 DESCRIPTION
The
 libpng library supports encoding, decoding, and various manipulations of
the Portable Network Graphics (PNG) format image files. It uses the
 zlib(3) compression library.
Following is a copy of the libpng.txt file that accompanies libpng.
 LIBPNG.TXT
libpng.txt - A description on how to use and modify libpng

 libpng version 1.2.46 - July 9, 2011
 Updated and distributed by Glenn Randers-Pehrson
 <glennrp at users.sourceforge.net>
 Copyright (c) 1998-2009 Glenn Randers-Pehrson

 This document is released under the libpng license.
 For conditions of distribution and use, see the disclaimer
 and license in png.h

 Based on:

 libpng versions 0.97, January 1998, through 1.2.46 - July 9, 2011
 Updated and distributed by Glenn Randers-Pehrson
 Copyright (c) 1998-2009 Glenn Randers-Pehrson

 libpng 1.0 beta 6 version 0.96 May 28, 1997
 Updated and distributed by Andreas Dilger
 Copyright (c) 1996, 1997 Andreas Dilger

 libpng 1.0 beta 2 - version 0.88 January 26, 1996
 For conditions of distribution and use, see copyright
 notice in png.h. Copyright (c) 1995, 1996 Guy Eric
 Schalnat, Group 42, Inc.

 Updated/rewritten per request in the libpng FAQ
 Copyright (c) 1995, 1996 Frank J. T. Wojcik
 December 18, 1995 & January 20, 1996

 I. Introduction

This file describes how to use and modify the PNG reference library
(known as libpng) for your own use. There are five sections to this
file: introduction, structures, reading, writing, and modification and
configuration notes for various special platforms. In addition to this
file, example.c is a good starting point for using the library, as
it is heavily commented and should include everything most people
will need. We assume that libpng is already installed; see the
INSTALL file for instructions on how to install libpng.

For examples of libpng usage, see the files "example.c", "pngtest.c",
and the files in the "contrib" directory, all of which are included in
the libpng distribution.

Libpng was written as a companion to the PNG specification, as a way
of reducing the amount of time and effort it takes to support the PNG
file format in application programs.

The PNG specification (second edition), November 2003, is available as
a W3C Recommendation and as an ISO Standard (ISO/IEC 15948:2003 (E)) at
<http://www.w3.org/TR/2003/REC-PNG-20031110/
The W3C and ISO documents have identical technical content.

The PNG-1.2 specification is available at
<http://www.libpng.org/pub/png/documents/>. It is technically equivalent
to the PNG specification (second edition) but has some additional material.

The PNG-1.0 specification is available
as RFC 2083 <http://www.libpng.org/pub/png/documents/> and as a
W3C Recommendation <http://www.w3.org/TR/REC.png.html>.

Some additional chunks are described in the special-purpose public chunks
documents at <http://www.libpng.org/pub/png/documents/>.

Other information
about PNG, and the latest version of libpng, can be found at the PNG home
page, <http://www.libpng.org/pub/png/>.

Most users will not have to modify the library significantly; advanced
users may want to modify it more. All attempts were made to make it as
complete as possible, while keeping the code easy to understand.
Currently, this library only supports C. Support for other languages
is being considered.

Libpng has been designed to handle multiple sessions at one time,
to be easily modifiable, to be portable to the vast majority of
machines (ANSI, K&R, 16-, 32-, and 64-bit) available, and to be easy
to use. The ultimate goal of libpng is to promote the acceptance of
the PNG file format in whatever way possible. While there is still
work to be done (see the TODO file), libpng should cover the
majority of the needs of its users.

Libpng uses zlib for its compression and decompression of PNG files.
Further information about zlib, and the latest version of zlib, can
be found at the zlib home page, <http://www.info-zip.org/pub/infozip/zlib/>.
The zlib compression utility is a general purpose utility that is
useful for more than PNG files, and can be used without libpng.
See the documentation delivered with zlib for more details.
You can usually find the source files for the zlib utility wherever you
find the libpng source files.

Libpng is thread safe, provided the threads are using different
instances of the structures. Each thread should have its own
png_struct and png_info instances, and thus its own image.
Libpng does not protect itself against two threads using the
same instance of a structure.

 II. Structures

There are two main structures that are important to libpng, png_struct
and png_info. The first, png_struct, is an internal structure that
will not, for the most part, be used by a user except as the first
variable passed to every libpng function call.

The png_info structure is designed to provide information about the
PNG file. At one time, the fields of png_info were intended to be
directly accessible to the user. However, this tended to cause problems
with applications using dynamically loaded libraries, and as a result
a set of interface functions for png_info (the png_get_*() and png_set_*()
functions) was developed. The fields of png_info are still available for
older applications, but it is suggested that applications use the new
interfaces if at all possible.

Applications that do make direct access to the members of png_struct (except
for png_ptr->jmpbuf) must be recompiled whenever the library is updated,
and applications that make direct access to the members of png_info must
be recompiled if they were compiled or loaded with libpng version 1.0.6,
in which the members were in a different order. In version 1.0.7, the
members of the png_info structure reverted to the old order, as they were
in versions 0.97c through 1.0.5. Starting with version 2.0.0, both
structures are going to be hidden, and the contents of the structures will
only be accessible through the png_get/png_set functions.

The png.h header file is an invaluable reference for programming with libpng.
And while I'm on the topic, make sure you include the libpng header file:

#include <png.h>

 III. Reading

We'll now walk you through the possible functions to call when reading
in a PNG file sequentially, briefly explaining the syntax and purpose
of each one. See example.c and png.h for more detail. While
progressive reading is covered in the next section, you will still
need some of the functions discussed in this section to read a PNG
file.

 Setup

You will want to do the I/O initialization(*) before you get into libpng,
so if it doesn't work, you don't have much to undo. Of course, you
will also want to insure that you are, in fact, dealing with a PNG
file. Libpng provides a simple check to see if a file is a PNG file.
To use it, pass in the first 1 to 8 bytes of the file to the function
png_sig_cmp(), and it will return 0 (false) if the bytes match the
corresponding bytes of the PNG signature, or nonzero (true) otherwise.
Of course, the more bytes you pass in, the greater the accuracy of the
prediction.

If you are intending to keep the file pointer open for use in libpng,
you must ensure you don't read more than 8 bytes from the beginning
of the file, and you also have to make a call to png_set_sig_bytes_read()
with the number of bytes you read from the beginning. Libpng will
then only check the bytes (if any) that your program didn't read.

(*): If you are not using the standard I/O functions, you will need
to replace them with custom functions. See the discussion under
Customizing libpng.


 FILE *fp = fopen(file_name, "rb");
 if (!fp)
 {
 return (ERROR);
 }
 fread(header, 1, number, fp);
 is_png = !png_sig_cmp(header, 0, number);
 if (!is_png)
 {
 return (NOT_PNG);
 }


Next, png_struct and png_info need to be allocated and initialized. In
order to ensure that the size of these structures is correct even with a
dynamically linked libpng, there are functions to initialize and
allocate the structures. We also pass the library version, optional
pointers to error handling functions, and a pointer to a data struct for
use by the error functions, if necessary (the pointer and functions can
be NULL if the default error handlers are to be used). See the section
on Changes to Libpng below regarding the old initialization functions.
The structure allocation functions quietly return NULL if they fail to
create the structure, so your application should check for that.

 png_structp png_ptr = png_create_read_struct
 (PNG_LIBPNG_VER_STRING, (png_voidp)user_error_ptr,
 user_error_fn, user_warning_fn);
 if (!png_ptr)
 return (ERROR);

 png_infop info_ptr = png_create_info_struct(png_ptr);
 if (!info_ptr)
 {
 png_destroy_read_struct(&png_ptr,
 (png_infopp)NULL, (png_infopp)NULL);
 return (ERROR);
 }

 png_infop end_info = png_create_info_struct(png_ptr);
 if (!end_info)
 {
 png_destroy_read_struct(&png_ptr, &info_ptr,
 (png_infopp)NULL);
 return (ERROR);
 }

If you want to use your own memory allocation routines,
define PNG_USER_MEM_SUPPORTED and use
png_create_read_struct_2() instead of png_create_read_struct():

 png_structp png_ptr = png_create_read_struct_2
 (PNG_LIBPNG_VER_STRING, (png_voidp)user_error_ptr,
 user_error_fn, user_warning_fn, (png_voidp)
 user_mem_ptr, user_malloc_fn, user_free_fn);

The error handling routines passed to png_create_read_struct()
and the memory alloc/free routines passed to png_create_struct_2()
are only necessary if you are not using the libpng supplied error
handling and memory alloc/free functions.

When libpng encounters an error, it expects to longjmp back
to your routine. Therefore, you will need to call setjmp and pass
your png_jmpbuf(png_ptr). If you read the file from different
routines, you will need to update the jmpbuf field every time you enter
a new routine that will call a png_*() function.

See your documentation of setjmp/longjmp for your compiler for more
information on setjmp/longjmp. See the discussion on libpng error
handling in the Customizing Libpng section below for more information
on the libpng error handling. If an error occurs, and libpng longjmp's
back to your setjmp, you will want to call png_destroy_read_struct() to
free any memory.

 if (setjmp(png_jmpbuf(png_ptr)))
 {
 png_destroy_read_struct(&png_ptr, &info_ptr,
 &end_info);
 fclose(fp);
 return (ERROR);
 }

If you would rather avoid the complexity of setjmp/longjmp issues,
you can compile libpng with PNG_SETJMP_NOT_SUPPORTED, in which case
errors will result in a call to PNG_ABORT() which defaults to abort().

Now you need to set up the input code. The default for libpng is to
use the C function fread(). If you use this, you will need to pass a
valid FILE * in the function png_init_io(). Be sure that the file is
opened in binary mode. If you wish to handle reading data in another
way, you need not call the png_init_io() function, but you must then
implement the libpng I/O methods discussed in the Customizing Libpng
section below.

 png_init_io(png_ptr, fp);

If you had previously opened the file and read any of the signature from
the beginning in order to see if this was a PNG file, you need to let
libpng know that there are some bytes missing from the start of the file.

 png_set_sig_bytes(png_ptr, number);

 Setting up callback code

You can set up a callback function to handle any unknown chunks in the
input stream. You must supply the function

 read_chunk_callback(png_ptr ptr,
 png_unknown_chunkp chunk);
 {
 /* The unknown chunk structure contains your
 chunk data, along with similar data for any other
 unknown chunks: */

 png_byte name[5];
 png_byte *data;
 png_size_t size;

 /* Note that libpng has already taken care of
 the CRC handling */

 /* put your code here. Search for your chunk in the
 unknown chunk structure, process it, and return one
 of the following: */

 return (-n); /* chunk had an error */
 return (0); /* did not recognize */
 return (n); /* success */
 }

(You can give your function another name that you like instead of
"read_chunk_callback")

To inform libpng about your function, use

 png_set_read_user_chunk_fn(png_ptr, user_chunk_ptr,
 read_chunk_callback);

This names not only the callback function, but also a user pointer that
you can retrieve with

 png_get_user_chunk_ptr(png_ptr);

If you call the png_set_read_user_chunk_fn() function, then all unknown
chunks will be saved when read, in case your callback function will need
one or more of them. This behavior can be changed with the
png_set_keep_unknown_chunks() function, described below.

At this point, you can set up a callback function that will be
called after each row has been read, which you can use to control
a progress meter or the like. It's demonstrated in pngtest.c.
You must supply a function

 void read_row_callback(png_ptr ptr, png_uint_32 row,
 int pass);
 {
 /* put your code here */
 }

(You can give it another name that you like instead of "read_row_callback")

To inform libpng about your function, use

 png_set_read_status_fn(png_ptr, read_row_callback);

 Unknown-chunk handling

Now you get to set the way the library processes unknown chunks in the
input PNG stream. Both known and unknown chunks will be read. Normal
behavior is that known chunks will be parsed into information in
various info_ptr members while unknown chunks will be discarded. This
behavior can be wasteful if your application will never use some known
chunk types. To change this, you can call:

 png_set_keep_unknown_chunks(png_ptr, keep,
 chunk_list, num_chunks);
 keep - 0: default unknown chunk handling
 1: ignore; do not keep
 2: keep only if safe-to-copy
 3: keep even if unsafe-to-copy
 You can use these definitions:
 PNG_HANDLE_CHUNK_AS_DEFAULT 0
 PNG_HANDLE_CHUNK_NEVER 1
 PNG_HANDLE_CHUNK_IF_SAFE 2
 PNG_HANDLE_CHUNK_ALWAYS 3
 chunk_list - list of chunks affected (a byte string,
 five bytes per chunk, NULL or '\0' if
 num_chunks is 0)
 num_chunks - number of chunks affected; if 0, all
 unknown chunks are affected. If nonzero,
 only the chunks in the list are affected

Unknown chunks declared in this way will be saved as raw data onto a
list of png_unknown_chunk structures. If a chunk that is normally
known to libpng is named in the list, it will be handled as unknown,
according to the "keep" directive. If a chunk is named in successive
instances of png_set_keep_unknown_chunks(), the final instance will
take precedence. The IHDR and IEND chunks should not be named in
chunk_list; if they are, libpng will process them normally anyway.

Here is an example of the usage of png_set_keep_unknown_chunks(),
where the private "vpAg" chunk will later be processed by a user chunk
callback function:

 png_byte vpAg[5]={118, 112, 65, 103, (png_byte) '\0'};

 #if defined(PNG_UNKNOWN_CHUNKS_SUPPORTED)
 png_byte unused_chunks[]=
 {
 104, 73, 83, 84, (png_byte) '\0', /* hIST */
 105, 84, 88, 116, (png_byte) '\0', /* iTXt */
 112, 67, 65, 76, (png_byte) '\0', /* pCAL */
 115, 67, 65, 76, (png_byte) '\0', /* sCAL */
 115, 80, 76, 84, (png_byte) '\0', /* sPLT */
 116, 73, 77, 69, (png_byte) '\0', /* tIME */
 };
 #endif

 ...

 #if defined(PNG_UNKNOWN_CHUNKS_SUPPORTED)
 /* ignore all unknown chunks: */
 png_set_keep_unknown_chunks(read_ptr, 1, NULL, 0);
 /* except for vpAg: */
 png_set_keep_unknown_chunks(read_ptr, 2, vpAg, 1);
 /* also ignore unused known chunks: */
 png_set_keep_unknown_chunks(read_ptr, 1, unused_chunks,
 (int)sizeof(unused_chunks)/5);
 #endif

 User limits

The PNG specification allows the width and height of an image to be as
large as 2^31-1 (0x7fffffff), or about 2.147 billion rows and columns.
Since very few applications really need to process such large images,
we have imposed an arbitrary 1-million limit on rows and columns.
Larger images will be rejected immediately with a png_error() call. If
you wish to override this limit, you can use

 png_set_user_limits(png_ptr, width_max, height_max);

to set your own limits, or use width_max = height_max = 0x7fffffffL
to allow all valid dimensions (libpng may reject some very large images
anyway because of potential buffer overflow conditions).

You should put this statement after you create the PNG structure and
before calling png_read_info(), png_read_png(), or png_process_data().
If you need to retrieve the limits that are being applied, use

 width_max = png_get_user_width_max(png_ptr);
 height_max = png_get_user_height_max(png_ptr);

The PNG specification sets no limit on the number of ancillary chunks
allowed in a PNG datastream. You can impose a limit on the total number
of sPLT, tEXt, iTXt, zTXt, and unknown chunks that will be stored, with

 png_set_chunk_cache_max(png_ptr, user_chunk_cache_max);

where 0x7fffffffL means unlimited. You can retrieve this limit with

 chunk_cache_max = png_get_chunk_cache_max(png_ptr);

This limit also applies to the number of buffers that can be allocated
by png_decompress_chunk() while decompressing iTXt, zTXt, and iCCP chunks.

 The high-level read interface

At this point there are two ways to proceed; through the high-level
read interface, or through a sequence of low-level read operations.
You can use the high-level interface if (a) you are willing to read
the entire image into memory, and (b) the input transformations
you want to do are limited to the following set:

 PNG_TRANSFORM_IDENTITY No transformation
 PNG_TRANSFORM_STRIP_16 Strip 16-bit samples to
 8 bits
 PNG_TRANSFORM_STRIP_ALPHA Discard the alpha channel
 PNG_TRANSFORM_PACKING Expand 1, 2 and 4-bit
 samples to bytes
 PNG_TRANSFORM_PACKSWAP Change order of packed
 pixels to LSB first
 PNG_TRANSFORM_EXPAND Perform set_expand()
 PNG_TRANSFORM_INVERT_MONO Invert monochrome images
 PNG_TRANSFORM_SHIFT Normalize pixels to the
 sBIT depth
 PNG_TRANSFORM_BGR Flip RGB to BGR, RGBA
 to BGRA
 PNG_TRANSFORM_SWAP_ALPHA Flip RGBA to ARGB or GA
 to AG
 PNG_TRANSFORM_INVERT_ALPHA Change alpha from opacity
 to transparency
 PNG_TRANSFORM_SWAP_ENDIAN Byte-swap 16-bit samples
 PNG_TRANSFORM_GRAY_TO_RGB Expand grayscale samples
 to RGB (or GA to RGBA)

(This excludes setting a background color, doing gamma transformation,
dithering, and setting filler.) If this is the case, simply do this:

 png_read_png(png_ptr, info_ptr, png_transforms, NULL)

where png_transforms is an integer containing the bitwise OR of some
set of transformation flags. This call is equivalent to png_read_info(),
followed the set of transformations indicated by the transform mask,
then png_read_image(), and finally png_read_end().

(The final parameter of this call is not yet used. Someday it might point
to transformation parameters required by some future input transform.)

You must use png_transforms and not call any png_set_transform() functions
when you use png_read_png().

After you have called png_read_png(), you can retrieve the image data
with

 row_pointers = png_get_rows(png_ptr, info_ptr);

where row_pointers is an array of pointers to the pixel data for each row:

 png_bytep row_pointers[height];

If you know your image size and pixel size ahead of time, you can allocate
row_pointers prior to calling png_read_png() with

 if (height > PNG_UINT_32_MAX/png_sizeof(png_byte))
 png_error (png_ptr,
 "Image is too tall to process in memory");
 if (width > PNG_UINT_32_MAX/pixel_size)
 png_error (png_ptr,
 "Image is too wide to process in memory");
 row_pointers = png_malloc(png_ptr,
 height*png_sizeof(png_bytep));
 for (int i=0; i<height, i++)
 row_pointers[i]=NULL; /* security precaution */
 for (int i=0; i<height, i++)
 row_pointers[i]=png_malloc(png_ptr,
 width*pixel_size);
 png_set_rows(png_ptr, info_ptr, &row_pointers);

Alternatively you could allocate your image in one big block and define
row_pointers[i] to point into the proper places in your block.

If you use png_set_rows(), the application is responsible for freeing
row_pointers (and row_pointers[i], if they were separately allocated).

If you don't allocate row_pointers ahead of time, png_read_png() will
do it, and it'll be free'ed when you call png_destroy_*().

 The low-level read interface

If you are going the low-level route, you are now ready to read all
the file information up to the actual image data. You do this with a
call to png_read_info().

 png_read_info(png_ptr, info_ptr);

This will process all chunks up to but not including the image data.

 Querying the info structure

Functions are used to get the information from the info_ptr once it
has been read. Note that these fields may not be completely filled
in until png_read_end() has read the chunk data following the image.

 png_get_IHDR(png_ptr, info_ptr, &width, &height,
 &bit_depth, &color_type, &interlace_type,
 &compression_type, &filter_method);

 width - holds the width of the image
 in pixels (up to 2^31).
 height - holds the height of the image
 in pixels (up to 2^31).
 bit_depth - holds the bit depth of one of the
 image channels. (valid values are
 1, 2, 4, 8, 16 and depend also on
 the color_type. See also
 significant bits (sBIT) below).
 color_type - describes which color/alpha channels
 are present.
 PNG_COLOR_TYPE_GRAY
 (bit depths 1, 2, 4, 8, 16)
 PNG_COLOR_TYPE_GRAY_ALPHA
 (bit depths 8, 16)
 PNG_COLOR_TYPE_PALETTE
 (bit depths 1, 2, 4, 8)
 PNG_COLOR_TYPE_RGB
 (bit_depths 8, 16)
 PNG_COLOR_TYPE_RGB_ALPHA
 (bit_depths 8, 16)

 PNG_COLOR_MASK_PALETTE
 PNG_COLOR_MASK_COLOR
 PNG_COLOR_MASK_ALPHA

 filter_method - (must be PNG_FILTER_TYPE_BASE
 for PNG 1.0, and can also be
 PNG_INTRAPIXEL_DIFFERENCING if
 the PNG datastream is embedded in
 a MNG-1.0 datastream)
 compression_type - (must be PNG_COMPRESSION_TYPE_BASE
 for PNG 1.0)
 interlace_type - (PNG_INTERLACE_NONE or
 PNG_INTERLACE_ADAM7)

 Any or all of interlace_type, compression_type, or
 filter_method can be NULL if you are
 not interested in their values.

 Note that png_get_IHDR() returns 32-bit data into
 the application's width and height variables.
 This is an unsafe situation if these are 16-bit
 variables. In such situations, the
 png_get_image_width() and png_get_image_height()
 functions described below are safer.

 width = png_get_image_width(png_ptr,
 info_ptr);
 height = png_get_image_height(png_ptr,
 info_ptr);
 bit_depth = png_get_bit_depth(png_ptr,
 info_ptr);
 color_type = png_get_color_type(png_ptr,
 info_ptr);
 filter_method = png_get_filter_type(png_ptr,
 info_ptr);
 compression_type = png_get_compression_type(png_ptr,
 info_ptr);
 interlace_type = png_get_interlace_type(png_ptr,
 info_ptr);

 channels = png_get_channels(png_ptr, info_ptr);
 channels - number of channels of info for the
 color type (valid values are 1 (GRAY,
 PALETTE), 2 (GRAY_ALPHA), 3 (RGB),
 4 (RGB_ALPHA or RGB + filler byte))
 rowbytes = png_get_rowbytes(png_ptr, info_ptr);
 rowbytes - number of bytes needed to hold a row

 signature = png_get_signature(png_ptr, info_ptr);
 signature - holds the signature read from the
 file (if any). The data is kept in
 the same offset it would be if the
 whole signature were read (i.e. if an
 application had already read in 4
 bytes of signature before starting
 libpng, the remaining 4 bytes would
 be in signature[4] through signature[7]
 (see png_set_sig_bytes())).

These are also important, but their validity depends on whether the chunk
has been read. The png_get_valid(png_ptr, info_ptr, PNG_INFO_<chunk>) and
png_get_<chunk>(png_ptr, info_ptr, ...) functions return non-zero if the
data has been read, or zero if it is missing. The parameters to the
png_get_<chunk> are set directly if they are simple data types, or a
pointer into the info_ptr is returned for any complex types.

 png_get_PLTE(png_ptr, info_ptr, &palette,
 &num_palette);
 palette - the palette for the file
 (array of png_color)
 num_palette - number of entries in the palette

 png_get_gAMA(png_ptr, info_ptr, &gamma);
 gamma - the gamma the file is written
 at (PNG_INFO_gAMA)

 png_get_sRGB(png_ptr, info_ptr, &srgb_intent);
 srgb_intent - the rendering intent (PNG_INFO_sRGB)
 The presence of the sRGB chunk
 means that the pixel data is in the
 sRGB color space. This chunk also
 implies specific values of gAMA and
 cHRM.

 png_get_iCCP(png_ptr, info_ptr, &name,
 &compression_type, &profile, &proflen);
 name - The profile name.
 compression - The compression type; always
 PNG_COMPRESSION_TYPE_BASE for PNG 1.0.
 You may give NULL to this argument to
 ignore it.
 profile - International Color Consortium color
 profile data. May contain NULs.
 proflen - length of profile data in bytes.

 png_get_sBIT(png_ptr, info_ptr, &sig_bit);
 sig_bit - the number of significant bits for
 (PNG_INFO_sBIT) each of the gray,
 red, green, and blue channels,
 whichever are appropriate for the
 given color type (png_color_16)

 png_get_tRNS(png_ptr, info_ptr, &trans, &num_trans,
 &trans_values);
 trans - array of transparent
 entries for palette (PNG_INFO_tRNS)
 trans_values - graylevel or color sample values of
 the single transparent color for
 non-paletted images (PNG_INFO_tRNS)
 num_trans - number of transparent entries
 (PNG_INFO_tRNS)

 png_get_hIST(png_ptr, info_ptr, &hist);
 (PNG_INFO_hIST)
 hist - histogram of palette (array of
 png_uint_16)

 png_get_tIME(png_ptr, info_ptr, &mod_time);
 mod_time - time image was last modified
 (PNG_VALID_tIME)

 png_get_bKGD(png_ptr, info_ptr, &background);
 background - background color (PNG_VALID_bKGD)
 valid 16-bit red, green and blue
 values, regardless of color_type

 num_comments = png_get_text(png_ptr, info_ptr,
 &text_ptr, &num_text);
 num_comments - number of comments
 text_ptr - array of png_text holding image
 comments
 text_ptr[i].compression - type of compression used
 on "text" PNG_TEXT_COMPRESSION_NONE
 PNG_TEXT_COMPRESSION_zTXt
 PNG_ITXT_COMPRESSION_NONE
 PNG_ITXT_COMPRESSION_zTXt
 text_ptr[i].key - keyword for comment. Must contain
 1-79 characters.
 text_ptr[i].text - text comments for current
 keyword. Can be empty.
 text_ptr[i].text_length - length of text string,
 after decompression, 0 for iTXt
 text_ptr[i].itxt_length - length of itxt string,
 after decompression, 0 for tEXt/zTXt
 text_ptr[i].lang - language of comment (empty
 string for unknown).
 text_ptr[i].lang_key - keyword in UTF-8
 (empty string for unknown).
 Note that the itxt_length, lang, and lang_key
 members of the text_ptr structure only exist
 when the library is built with iTXt chunk support.

 num_text - number of comments (same as
 num_comments; you can put NULL here
 to avoid the duplication)
 Note while png_set_text() will accept text, language,
 and translated keywords that can be NULL pointers, the
 structure returned by png_get_text will always contain
 regular zero-terminated C strings. They might be
 empty strings but they will never be NULL pointers.

 num_spalettes = png_get_sPLT(png_ptr, info_ptr,
 &palette_ptr);
 palette_ptr - array of palette structures holding
 contents of one or more sPLT chunks
 read.
 num_spalettes - number of sPLT chunks read.

 png_get_oFFs(png_ptr, info_ptr, &offset_x, &offset_y,
 &unit_type);
 offset_x - positive offset from the left edge
 of the screen
 offset_y - positive offset from the top edge
 of the screen
 unit_type - PNG_OFFSET_PIXEL, PNG_OFFSET_MICROMETER

 png_get_pHYs(png_ptr, info_ptr, &res_x, &res_y,
 &unit_type);
 res_x - pixels/unit physical resolution in
 x direction
 res_y - pixels/unit physical resolution in
 x direction
 unit_type - PNG_RESOLUTION_UNKNOWN,
 PNG_RESOLUTION_METER

 png_get_sCAL(png_ptr, info_ptr, &unit, &width,
 &height)
 unit - physical scale units (an integer)
 width - width of a pixel in physical scale units
 height - height of a pixel in physical scale units
 (width and height are doubles)

 png_get_sCAL_s(png_ptr, info_ptr, &unit, &width,
 &height)
 unit - physical scale units (an integer)
 width - width of a pixel in physical scale units
 height - height of a pixel in physical scale units
 (width and height are strings like "2.54")

 num_unknown_chunks = png_get_unknown_chunks(png_ptr,
 info_ptr, &unknowns)
 unknowns - array of png_unknown_chunk
 structures holding unknown chunks
 unknowns[i].name - name of unknown chunk
 unknowns[i].data - data of unknown chunk
 unknowns[i].size - size of unknown chunk's data
 unknowns[i].location - position of chunk in file

 The value of "i" corresponds to the order in which the
 chunks were read from the PNG file or inserted with the
 png_set_unknown_chunks() function.

The data from the pHYs chunk can be retrieved in several convenient
forms:

 res_x = png_get_x_pixels_per_meter(png_ptr,
 info_ptr)
 res_y = png_get_y_pixels_per_meter(png_ptr,
 info_ptr)
 res_x_and_y = png_get_pixels_per_meter(png_ptr,
 info_ptr)
 res_x = png_get_x_pixels_per_inch(png_ptr,
 info_ptr)
 res_y = png_get_y_pixels_per_inch(png_ptr,
 info_ptr)
 res_x_and_y = png_get_pixels_per_inch(png_ptr,
 info_ptr)
 aspect_ratio = png_get_pixel_aspect_ratio(png_ptr,
 info_ptr)

 (Each of these returns 0 [signifying "unknown"] if
 the data is not present or if res_x is 0;
 res_x_and_y is 0 if res_x != res_y)

The data from the oFFs chunk can be retrieved in several convenient
forms:

 x_offset = png_get_x_offset_microns(png_ptr, info_ptr);
 y_offset = png_get_y_offset_microns(png_ptr, info_ptr);
 x_offset = png_get_x_offset_inches(png_ptr, info_ptr);
 y_offset = png_get_y_offset_inches(png_ptr, info_ptr);

 (Each of these returns 0 [signifying "unknown" if both
 x and y are 0] if the data is not present or if the
 chunk is present but the unit is the pixel)

For more information, see the png_info definition in png.h and the
PNG specification for chunk contents. Be careful with trusting
rowbytes, as some of the transformations could increase the space
needed to hold a row (expand, filler, gray_to_rgb, etc.).
See png_read_update_info(), below.

A quick word about text_ptr and num_text. PNG stores comments in
keyword/text pairs, one pair per chunk, with no limit on the number
of text chunks, and a 2^31 byte limit on their size. While there are
suggested keywords, there is no requirement to restrict the use to these
strings. It is strongly suggested that keywords and text be sensible
to humans (that's the point), so don't use abbreviations. Non-printing
symbols are not allowed. See the PNG specification for more details.
There is also no requirement to have text after the keyword.

Keywords should be limited to 79 Latin-1 characters without leading or
trailing spaces, but non-consecutive spaces are allowed within the
keyword. It is possible to have the same keyword any number of times.
The text_ptr is an array of png_text structures, each holding a
pointer to a language string, a pointer to a keyword and a pointer to
a text string. The text string, language code, and translated
keyword may be empty or NULL pointers. The keyword/text
pairs are put into the array in the order that they are received.
However, some or all of the text chunks may be after the image, so, to
make sure you have read all the text chunks, don't mess with these
until after you read the stuff after the image. This will be
mentioned again below in the discussion that goes with png_read_end().

 Input transformations

After you've read the header information, you can set up the library
to handle any special transformations of the image data. The various
ways to transform the data will be described in the order that they
should occur. This is important, as some of these change the color
type and/or bit depth of the data, and some others only work on
certain color types and bit depths. Even though each transformation
checks to see if it has data that it can do something with, you should
make sure to only enable a transformation if it will be valid for the
data. For example, don't swap red and blue on grayscale data.

The colors used for the background and transparency values should be
supplied in the same format/depth as the current image data. They
are stored in the same format/depth as the image data in a bKGD or tRNS
chunk, so this is what libpng expects for this data. The colors are
transformed to keep in sync with the image data when an application
calls the png_read_update_info() routine (see below).

Data will be decoded into the supplied row buffers packed into bytes
unless the library has been told to transform it into another format.
For example, 4 bit/pixel paletted or grayscale data will be returned
2 pixels/byte with the leftmost pixel in the high-order bits of the
byte, unless png_set_packing() is called. 8-bit RGB data will be stored
in RGB RGB RGB format unless png_set_filler() or png_set_add_alpha()
is called to insert filler bytes, either before or after each RGB triplet.
16-bit RGB data will be returned RRGGBB RRGGBB, with the most significant
byte of the color value first, unless png_set_strip_16() is called to
transform it to regular RGB RGB triplets, or png_set_filler() or
png_set_add alpha() is called to insert filler bytes, either before or
after each RRGGBB triplet. Similarly, 8-bit or 16-bit grayscale data can
be modified with
png_set_filler(), png_set_add_alpha(), or png_set_strip_16().

The following code transforms grayscale images of less than 8 to 8 bits,
changes paletted images to RGB, and adds a full alpha channel if there is
transparency information in a tRNS chunk. This is most useful on
grayscale images with bit depths of 2 or 4 or if there is a multiple-image
viewing application that wishes to treat all images in the same way.

 if (color_type == PNG_COLOR_TYPE_PALETTE)
 png_set_palette_to_rgb(png_ptr);

 if (color_type == PNG_COLOR_TYPE_GRAY &&
 bit_depth < 8) png_set_expand_gray_1_2_4_to_8(png_ptr);

 if (png_get_valid(png_ptr, info_ptr,
 PNG_INFO_tRNS)) png_set_tRNS_to_alpha(png_ptr);

These three functions are actually aliases for png_set_expand(), added
in libpng version 1.0.4, with the function names expanded to improve code
readability. In some future version they may actually do different
things.

As of libpng version 1.2.9, png_set_expand_gray_1_2_4_to_8() was
added. It expands the sample depth without changing tRNS to alpha.

As of libpng version 1.2.46, not all possible expansions are supported.

In the following table, the 01 means grayscale with depth<8, 31 means
indexed with depth<8, other numerals represent the color type, "T" means
the tRNS chunk is present, A means an alpha channel is present, and O
means tRNS or alpha is present but all pixels in the image are opaque.

 FROM 01 31 0 0T 0O 2 2T 2O 3 3T 3O 4A 4O 6A 6O
 TO
 01 -
 31 -
 0 1 -
 0T -
 0O -
 2 GX -
 2T -
 2O -
 3 1 -
 3T -
 3O -
 4A T -
 4O -
 6A GX TX TX -
 6O GX TX -

Within the matrix,
 "-" means the transformation is not supported.
 "X" means the transformation is obtained by png_set_expand().
 "1" means the transformation is obtained by
 png_set_expand_gray_1_2_4_to_8
 "G" means the transformation is obtained by
 png_set_gray_to_rgb().
 "P" means the transformation is obtained by
 png_set_expand_palette_to_rgb().
 "T" means the transformation is obtained by
 png_set_tRNS_to_alpha().

PNG can have files with 16 bits per channel. If you only can handle
8 bits per channel, this will strip the pixels down to 8 bit.

 if (bit_depth == 16)
 png_set_strip_16(png_ptr);

If, for some reason, you don't need the alpha channel on an image,
and you want to remove it rather than combining it with the background
(but the image author certainly had in mind that you *would* combine
it with the background, so that's what you should probably do):

 if (color_type & PNG_COLOR_MASK_ALPHA)
 png_set_strip_alpha(png_ptr);

In PNG files, the alpha channel in an image
is the level of opacity. If you need the alpha channel in an image to
be the level of transparency instead of opacity, you can invert the
alpha channel (or the tRNS chunk data) after it's read, so that 0 is
fully opaque and 255 (in 8-bit or paletted images) or 65535 (in 16-bit
images) is fully transparent, with

 png_set_invert_alpha(png_ptr);

The PNG format only supports pixels with postmultiplied alpha.
If you want to replace the pixels, after reading them, with pixels
that have premultiplied color samples, you can do this with

 png_set_premultiply_alpha(png_ptr);

If you do this, any input with a tRNS chunk will be expanded to
have an alpha channel.

PNG files pack pixels of bit depths 1, 2, and 4 into bytes as small as
they can, resulting in, for example, 8 pixels per byte for 1 bit
files. This code expands to 1 pixel per byte without changing the
values of the pixels:

 if (bit_depth < 8)
 png_set_packing(png_ptr);

PNG files have possible bit depths of 1, 2, 4, 8, and 16. All pixels
stored in a PNG image have been "scaled" or "shifted" up to the next
higher possible bit depth (e.g. from 5 bits/sample in the range [0,31]
to 8 bits/sample in the range [0, 255]). However, it is also possible
to convert the PNG pixel data back to the original bit depth of the
image. This call reduces the pixels back down to the original bit depth:

 png_color_8p sig_bit;

 if (png_get_sBIT(png_ptr, info_ptr, &sig_bit))
 png_set_shift(png_ptr, sig_bit);

PNG files store 3-color pixels in red, green, blue order. This code
changes the storage of the pixels to blue, green, red:

 if (color_type == PNG_COLOR_TYPE_RGB ||
 color_type == PNG_COLOR_TYPE_RGB_ALPHA)
 png_set_bgr(png_ptr);

PNG files store RGB pixels packed into 3 or 6 bytes. This code expands them
into 4 or 8 bytes for windowing systems that need them in this format:

 if (color_type == PNG_COLOR_TYPE_RGB)
 png_set_filler(png_ptr, filler, PNG_FILLER_BEFORE);

where "filler" is the 8 or 16-bit number to fill with, and the location is
either PNG_FILLER_BEFORE or PNG_FILLER_AFTER, depending upon whether
you want the filler before the RGB or after. This transformation
does not affect images that already have full alpha channels. To add an
opaque alpha channel, use filler=0xff or 0xffff and PNG_FILLER_AFTER which
will generate RGBA pixels.

Note that png_set_filler() does not change the color type. If you want
to do that, you can add a true alpha channel with

 if (color_type == PNG_COLOR_TYPE_RGB ||
 color_type == PNG_COLOR_TYPE_GRAY)
 png_set_add_alpha(png_ptr, filler, PNG_FILLER_AFTER);

where "filler" contains the alpha value to assign to each pixel.
This function was added in libpng-1.2.7.

If you are reading an image with an alpha channel, and you need the
data as ARGB instead of the normal PNG format RGBA:

 if (color_type == PNG_COLOR_TYPE_RGB_ALPHA)
 png_set_swap_alpha(png_ptr);

For some uses, you may want a grayscale image to be represented as
RGB. This code will do that conversion:

 if (color_type == PNG_COLOR_TYPE_GRAY ||
 color_type == PNG_COLOR_TYPE_GRAY_ALPHA)
 png_set_gray_to_rgb(png_ptr);

Conversely, you can convert an RGB or RGBA image to grayscale or grayscale
with alpha.

 if (color_type == PNG_COLOR_TYPE_RGB ||
 color_type == PNG_COLOR_TYPE_RGB_ALPHA)
 png_set_rgb_to_gray_fixed(png_ptr, error_action,
 int red_weight, int green_weight);

 error_action = 1: silently do the conversion
 error_action = 2: issue a warning if the original
 image has any pixel where
 red != green or red != blue
 error_action = 3: issue an error and abort the
 conversion if the original
 image has any pixel where
 red != green or red != blue

 red_weight: weight of red component times 100000
 green_weight: weight of green component times 100000
 If either weight is negative, default
 weights (21268, 71514) are used.

If you have set error_action = 1 or 2, you can
later check whether the image really was gray, after processing
the image rows, with the png_get_rgb_to_gray_status(png_ptr) function.
It will return a png_byte that is zero if the image was gray or
1 if there were any non-gray pixels. bKGD and sBIT data
will be silently converted to grayscale, using the green channel
data, regardless of the error_action setting.

With red_weight+green_weight<=100000,
the normalized graylevel is computed:

 int rw = red_weight * 65536;
 int gw = green_weight * 65536;
 int bw = 65536 - (rw + gw);
 gray = (rw*red + gw*green + bw*blue)/65536;

The default values approximate those recommended in the Charles
Poynton's Color FAQ, <http://www.inforamp.net/~poynton/>
Copyright (c) 1998-01-04 Charles Poynton <poynton at inforamp.net>

 Y = 0.212671 * R + 0.715160 * G + 0.072169 * B

Libpng approximates this with

 Y = 0.21268 * R + 0.7151 * G + 0.07217 * B

which can be expressed with integers as

 Y = (6969 * R + 23434 * G + 2365 * B)/32768

The calculation is done in a linear colorspace, if the image gamma
is known.

If you have a grayscale and you are using png_set_expand_depth(),
png_set_expand(), or png_set_gray_to_rgb to change to truecolor or to
a higher bit-depth, you must either supply the background color as a gray
value at the original file bit-depth (need_expand = 1) or else supply the
background color as an RGB triplet at the final, expanded bit depth
(need_expand = 0). Similarly, if you are reading a paletted image, you
must either supply the background color as a palette index (need_expand = 1)
or as an RGB triplet that may or may not be in the palette (need_expand = 0).

 png_color_16 my_background;
 png_color_16p image_background;

 if (png_get_bKGD(png_ptr, info_ptr, &image_background))
 png_set_background(png_ptr, image_background,
 PNG_BACKGROUND_GAMMA_FILE, 1, 1.0);
 else
 png_set_background(png_ptr, &my_background,
 PNG_BACKGROUND_GAMMA_SCREEN, 0, 1.0);

The png_set_background() function tells libpng to composite images
with alpha or simple transparency against the supplied background
color. If the PNG file contains a bKGD chunk (PNG_INFO_bKGD valid),
you may use this color, or supply another color more suitable for
the current display (e.g., the background color from a web page). You
need to tell libpng whether the color is in the gamma space of the
display (PNG_BACKGROUND_GAMMA_SCREEN for colors you supply), the file
(PNG_BACKGROUND_GAMMA_FILE for colors from the bKGD chunk), or one
that is neither of these gammas (PNG_BACKGROUND_GAMMA_UNIQUE - I don't
know why anyone would use this, but it's here).

To properly display PNG images on any kind of system, the application needs
to know what the display gamma is. Ideally, the user will know this, and
the application will allow them to set it. One method of allowing the user
to set the display gamma separately for each system is to check for a
SCREEN_GAMMA or DISPLAY_GAMMA environment variable, which will hopefully be
correctly set.

Note that display_gamma is the overall gamma correction required to produce
pleasing results, which depends on the lighting conditions in the surrounding
environment. In a dim or brightly lit room, no compensation other than
the physical gamma exponent of the monitor is needed, while in a dark room
a slightly smaller exponent is better.

 double gamma, screen_gamma;

 if (/* We have a user-defined screen
 gamma value */)
 {
 screen_gamma = user_defined_screen_gamma;
 }
 /* One way that applications can share the same
 screen gamma value */
 else if ((gamma_str = getenv("SCREEN_GAMMA"))
 != NULL)
 {
 screen_gamma = (double)atof(gamma_str);
 }
 /* If we don't have another value */
 else
 {
 screen_gamma = 2.2; /* A good guess for a
 PC monitor in a bright office or a dim room */
 screen_gamma = 2.0; /* A good guess for a
 PC monitor in a dark room */
 screen_gamma = 1.7 or 1.0; /* A good
 guess for Mac systems */
 }

The png_set_gamma() function handles gamma transformations of the data.
Pass both the file gamma and the current screen_gamma. If the file does
not have a gamma value, you can pass one anyway if you have an idea what
it is (usually 0.45455 is a good guess for GIF images on PCs). Note
that file gammas are inverted from screen gammas. See the discussions
on gamma in the PNG specification for an excellent description of what
gamma is, and why all applications should support it. It is strongly
recommended that PNG viewers support gamma correction.

 if (png_get_gAMA(png_ptr, info_ptr, &gamma))
 png_set_gamma(png_ptr, screen_gamma, gamma);
 else
 png_set_gamma(png_ptr, screen_gamma, 0.45455);

If you need to reduce an RGB file to a paletted file, or if a paletted
file has more entries then will fit on your screen, png_set_dither()
will do that. Note that this is a simple match dither that merely
finds the closest color available. This should work fairly well with
optimized palettes, and fairly badly with linear color cubes. If you
pass a palette that is larger then maximum_colors, the file will
reduce the number of colors in the palette so it will fit into
maximum_colors. If there is a histogram, it will use it to make
more intelligent choices when reducing the palette. If there is no
histogram, it may not do as good a job.

 if (color_type & PNG_COLOR_MASK_COLOR)
 {
 if (png_get_valid(png_ptr, info_ptr,
 PNG_INFO_PLTE))
 {
 png_uint_16p histogram = NULL;

 png_get_hIST(png_ptr, info_ptr,
 &histogram);
 png_set_dither(png_ptr, palette, num_palette,
 max_screen_colors, histogram, 1);
 }
 else
 {
 png_color std_color_cube[MAX_SCREEN_COLORS] =
 { ... colors ... };

 png_set_dither(png_ptr, std_color_cube,
 MAX_SCREEN_COLORS, MAX_SCREEN_COLORS,
 NULL,0);
 }
 }

PNG files describe monochrome as black being zero and white being one.
The following code will reverse this (make black be one and white be
zero):

 if (bit_depth == 1 && color_type == PNG_COLOR_TYPE_GRAY)
 png_set_invert_mono(png_ptr);

This function can also be used to invert grayscale and gray-alpha images:

 if (color_type == PNG_COLOR_TYPE_GRAY ||
 color_type == PNG_COLOR_TYPE_GRAY_ALPHA)
 png_set_invert_mono(png_ptr);

PNG files store 16 bit pixels in network byte order (big-endian,
ie. most significant bits first). This code changes the storage to the
other way (little-endian, i.e. least significant bits first, the
way PCs store them):

 if (bit_depth == 16)
 png_set_swap(png_ptr);

If you are using packed-pixel images (1, 2, or 4 bits/pixel), and you
need to change the order the pixels are packed into bytes, you can use:

 if (bit_depth < 8)
 png_set_packswap(png_ptr);

Finally, you can write your own transformation function if none of
the existing ones meets your needs. This is done by setting a callback
with

 png_set_read_user_transform_fn(png_ptr,
 read_transform_fn);

You must supply the function

 void read_transform_fn(png_ptr ptr, row_info_ptr
 row_info, png_bytep data)

See pngtest.c for a working example. Your function will be called
after all of the other transformations have been processed.

You can also set up a pointer to a user structure for use by your
callback function, and you can inform libpng that your transform
function will change the number of channels or bit depth with the
function

 png_set_user_transform_info(png_ptr, user_ptr,
 user_depth, user_channels);

The user's application, not libpng, is responsible for allocating and
freeing any memory required for the user structure.

You can retrieve the pointer via the function
png_get_user_transform_ptr(). For example:

 voidp read_user_transform_ptr =
 png_get_user_transform_ptr(png_ptr);

The last thing to handle is interlacing; this is covered in detail below,
but you must call the function here if you want libpng to handle expansion
of the interlaced image.

 number_of_passes = png_set_interlace_handling(png_ptr);

After setting the transformations, libpng can update your png_info
structure to reflect any transformations you've requested with this
call. This is most useful to update the info structure's rowbytes
field so you can use it to allocate your image memory. This function
will also update your palette with the correct screen_gamma and
background if these have been given with the calls above.

 png_read_update_info(png_ptr, info_ptr);

After you call png_read_update_info(), you can allocate any
memory you need to hold the image. The row data is simply
raw byte data for all forms of images. As the actual allocation
varies among applications, no example will be given. If you
are allocating one large chunk, you will need to build an
array of pointers to each row, as it will be needed for some
of the functions below.

 Reading image data

After you've allocated memory, you can read the image data.
The simplest way to do this is in one function call. If you are
allocating enough memory to hold the whole image, you can just
call png_read_image() and libpng will read in all the image data
and put it in the memory area supplied. You will need to pass in
an array of pointers to each row.

This function automatically handles interlacing, so you don't need
to call png_set_interlace_handling() or call this function multiple
times, or any of that other stuff necessary with png_read_rows().

 png_read_image(png_ptr, row_pointers);

where row_pointers is:

 png_bytep row_pointers[height];

You can point to void or char or whatever you use for pixels.

If you don't want to read in the whole image at once, you can
use png_read_rows() instead. If there is no interlacing (check
interlace_type == PNG_INTERLACE_NONE), this is simple:

 png_read_rows(png_ptr, row_pointers, NULL,
 number_of_rows);

where row_pointers is the same as in the png_read_image() call.

If you are doing this just one row at a time, you can do this with
a single row_pointer instead of an array of row_pointers:

 png_bytep row_pointer = row;
 png_read_row(png_ptr, row_pointer, NULL);

If the file is interlaced (interlace_type != 0 in the IHDR chunk), things
get somewhat harder. The only current (PNG Specification version 1.2)
interlacing type for PNG is (interlace_type == PNG_INTERLACE_ADAM7)
is a somewhat complicated 2D interlace scheme, known as Adam7, that
breaks down an image into seven smaller images of varying size, based
on an 8x8 grid.

libpng can fill out those images or it can give them to you "as is".
If you want them filled out, there are two ways to do that. The one
mentioned in the PNG specification is to expand each pixel to cover
those pixels that have not been read yet (the "rectangle" method).
This results in a blocky image for the first pass, which gradually
smooths out as more pixels are read. The other method is the "sparkle"
method, where pixels are drawn only in their final locations, with the
rest of the image remaining whatever colors they were initialized to
before the start of the read. The first method usually looks better,
but tends to be slower, as there are more pixels to put in the rows.

If you don't want libpng to handle the interlacing details, just call
png_read_rows() seven times to read in all seven images. Each of the
images is a valid image by itself, or they can all be combined on an
8x8 grid to form a single image (although if you intend to combine them
you would be far better off using the libpng interlace handling).

The first pass will return an image 1/8 as wide as the entire image
(every 8th column starting in column 0) and 1/8 as high as the original
(every 8th row starting in row 0), the second will be 1/8 as wide
(starting in column 4) and 1/8 as high (also starting in row 0). The
third pass will be 1/4 as wide (every 4th pixel starting in column 0) and
1/8 as high (every 8th row starting in row 4), and the fourth pass will
be 1/4 as wide and 1/4 as high (every 4th column starting in column 2,
and every 4th row starting in row 0). The fifth pass will return an
image 1/2 as wide, and 1/4 as high (starting at column 0 and row 2),
while the sixth pass will be 1/2 as wide and 1/2 as high as the original
(starting in column 1 and row 0). The seventh and final pass will be as
wide as the original, and 1/2 as high, containing all of the odd
numbered scanlines. Phew!

If you want libpng to expand the images, call this before calling
png_start_read_image() or png_read_update_info():

 if (interlace_type == PNG_INTERLACE_ADAM7)
 number_of_passes
 = png_set_interlace_handling(png_ptr);

This will return the number of passes needed. Currently, this
is seven, but may change if another interlace type is added.
This function can be called even if the file is not interlaced,
where it will return one pass.

If you are not going to display the image after each pass, but are
going to wait until the entire image is read in, use the sparkle
effect. This effect is faster and the end result of either method
is exactly the same. If you are planning on displaying the image
after each pass, the "rectangle" effect is generally considered the
better looking one.

If you only want the "sparkle" effect, just call png_read_rows() as
normal, with the third parameter NULL. Make sure you make pass over
the image number_of_passes times, and you don't change the data in the
rows between calls. You can change the locations of the data, just
not the data. Each pass only writes the pixels appropriate for that
pass, and assumes the data from previous passes is still valid.

 png_read_rows(png_ptr, row_pointers, NULL,
 number_of_rows);

If you only want the first effect (the rectangles), do the same as
before except pass the row buffer in the third parameter, and leave
the second parameter NULL.

 png_read_rows(png_ptr, NULL, row_pointers,
 number_of_rows);

 Finishing a sequential read

After you are finished reading the image through the
low-level interface, you can finish reading the file. If you are
interested in comments or time, which may be stored either before or
after the image data, you should pass the separate png_info struct if
you want to keep the comments from before and after the image
separate. If you are not interested, you can pass NULL.

 png_read_end(png_ptr, end_info);

When you are done, you can free all memory allocated by libpng like this:

 png_destroy_read_struct(&png_ptr, &info_ptr,
 &end_info);

It is also possible to individually free the info_ptr members that
point to libpng-allocated storage with the following function:

 png_free_data(png_ptr, info_ptr, mask, seq)
 mask - identifies data to be freed, a mask
 containing the bitwise OR of one or
 more of
 PNG_FREE_PLTE, PNG_FREE_TRNS,
 PNG_FREE_HIST, PNG_FREE_ICCP,
 PNG_FREE_PCAL, PNG_FREE_ROWS,
 PNG_FREE_SCAL, PNG_FREE_SPLT,
 PNG_FREE_TEXT, PNG_FREE_UNKN,
 or simply PNG_FREE_ALL
 seq - sequence number of item to be freed
 (-1 for all items)

This function may be safely called when the relevant storage has
already been freed, or has not yet been allocated, or was allocated
by the user and not by libpng, and will in those cases do nothing.
The "seq" parameter is ignored if only one item of the selected data
type, such as PLTE, is allowed. If "seq" is not -1, and multiple items
are allowed for the data type identified in the mask, such as text or
sPLT, only the n'th item in the structure is freed, where n is "seq".

The default behavior is only to free data that was allocated internally
by libpng. This can be changed, so that libpng will not free the data,
or so that it will free data that was allocated by the user with png_malloc()
or png_zalloc() and passed in via a png_set_*() function, with

 png_data_freer(png_ptr, info_ptr, freer, mask)
 mask - which data elements are affected
 same choices as in png_free_data()
 freer - one of
 PNG_DESTROY_WILL_FREE_DATA
 PNG_SET_WILL_FREE_DATA
 PNG_USER_WILL_FREE_DATA

This function only affects data that has already been allocated.
You can call this function after reading the PNG data but before calling
any png_set_*() functions, to control whether the user or the png_set_*()
function is responsible for freeing any existing data that might be present,
and again after the png_set_*() functions to control whether the user
or png_destroy_*() is supposed to free the data. When the user assumes
responsibility for libpng-allocated data, the application must use
png_free() to free it, and when the user transfers responsibility to libpng
for data that the user has allocated, the user must have used png_malloc()
or png_zalloc() to allocate it.

If you allocated your row_pointers in a single block, as suggested above in
the description of the high level read interface, you must not transfer
responsibility for freeing it to the png_set_rows or png_read_destroy function,
because they would also try to free the individual row_pointers[i].

If you allocated text_ptr.text, text_ptr.lang, and text_ptr.translated_keyword
separately, do not transfer responsibility for freeing text_ptr to libpng,
because when libpng fills a png_text structure it combines these members with
the key member, and png_free_data() will free only text_ptr.key. Similarly,
if you transfer responsibility for free'ing text_ptr from libpng to your
application, your application must not separately free those members.

The png_free_data() function will turn off the "valid" flag for anything
it frees. If you need to turn the flag off for a chunk that was freed by
your application instead of by libpng, you can use

 png_set_invalid(png_ptr, info_ptr, mask);
 mask - identifies the chunks to be made invalid,
 containing the bitwise OR of one or
 more of
 PNG_INFO_gAMA, PNG_INFO_sBIT,
 PNG_INFO_cHRM, PNG_INFO_PLTE,
 PNG_INFO_tRNS, PNG_INFO_bKGD,
 PNG_INFO_hIST, PNG_INFO_pHYs,
 PNG_INFO_oFFs, PNG_INFO_tIME,
 PNG_INFO_pCAL, PNG_INFO_sRGB,
 PNG_INFO_iCCP, PNG_INFO_sPLT,
 PNG_INFO_sCAL, PNG_INFO_IDAT

For a more compact example of reading a PNG image, see the file example.c.

 Reading PNG files progressively

The progressive reader is slightly different then the non-progressive
reader. Instead of calling png_read_info(), png_read_rows(), and
png_read_end(), you make one call to png_process_data(), which calls
callbacks when it has the info, a row, or the end of the image. You
set up these callbacks with png_set_progressive_read_fn(). You don't
have to worry about the input/output functions of libpng, as you are
giving the library the data directly in png_process_data(). I will
assume that you have read the section on reading PNG files above,
so I will only highlight the differences (although I will show
all of the code).

png_structp png_ptr;
png_infop info_ptr;

 /* An example code fragment of how you would
 initialize the progressive reader in your
 application. */
 int
 initialize_png_reader()
 {
 png_ptr = png_create_read_struct
 (PNG_LIBPNG_VER_STRING, (png_voidp)user_error_ptr,
 user_error_fn, user_warning_fn);
 if (!png_ptr)
 return (ERROR);
 info_ptr = png_create_info_struct(png_ptr);
 if (!info_ptr)
 {
 png_destroy_read_struct(&png_ptr, (png_infopp)NULL,
 (png_infopp)NULL);
 return (ERROR);
 }

 if (setjmp(png_jmpbuf(png_ptr)))
 {
 png_destroy_read_struct(&png_ptr, &info_ptr,
 (png_infopp)NULL);
 return (ERROR);
 }

 /* This one's new. You can provide functions
 to be called when the header info is valid,
 when each row is completed, and when the image
 is finished. If you aren't using all functions,
 you can specify NULL parameters. Even when all
 three functions are NULL, you need to call
 png_set_progressive_read_fn(). You can use
 any struct as the user_ptr (cast to a void pointer
 for the function call), and retrieve the pointer
 from inside the callbacks using the function

 png_get_progressive_ptr(png_ptr);

 which will return a void pointer, which you have
 to cast appropriately.
 */
 png_set_progressive_read_fn(png_ptr, (void *)user_ptr,
 info_callback, row_callback, end_callback);

 return 0;
 }

 /* A code fragment that you call as you receive blocks
 of data */
 int
 process_data(png_bytep buffer, png_uint_32 length)
 {
 if (setjmp(png_jmpbuf(png_ptr)))
 {
 png_destroy_read_struct(&png_ptr, &info_ptr,
 (png_infopp)NULL);
 return (ERROR);
 }

 /* This one's new also. Simply give it a chunk
 of data from the file stream (in order, of
 course). On machines with segmented memory
 models machines, don't give it any more than
 64K. The library seems to run fine with sizes
 of 4K. Although you can give it much less if
 necessary (I assume you can give it chunks of
 1 byte, I haven't tried less then 256 bytes
 yet). When this function returns, you may
 want to display any rows that were generated
 in the row callback if you don't already do
 so there.
 */
 png_process_data(png_ptr, info_ptr, buffer, length);
 return 0;
 }

 /* This function is called (as set by
 png_set_progressive_read_fn() above) when enough data
 has been supplied so all of the header has been
 read.
 */
 void
 info_callback(png_structp png_ptr, png_infop info)
 {
 /* Do any setup here, including setting any of
 the transformations mentioned in the Reading
 PNG files section. For now, you _must_ call
 either png_start_read_image() or
 png_read_update_info() after all the
 transformations are set (even if you don't set
 any). You may start getting rows before
 png_process_data() returns, so this is your
 last chance to prepare for that.
 */
 }

 /* This function is called when each row of image
 data is complete */
 void
 row_callback(png_structp png_ptr, png_bytep new_row,
 png_uint_32 row_num, int pass)
 {
 /* If the image is interlaced, and you turned
 on the interlace handler, this function will
 be called for every row in every pass. Some
 of these rows will not be changed from the
 previous pass. When the row is not changed,
 the new_row variable will be NULL. The rows
 and passes are called in order, so you don't
 really need the row_num and pass, but I'm
 supplying them because it may make your life
 easier.

 For the non-NULL rows of interlaced images,
 you must call png_progressive_combine_row()
 passing in the row and the old row. You can
 call this function for NULL rows (it will just
 return) and for non-interlaced images (it just
 does the memcpy for you) if it will make the
 code easier. Thus, you can just do this for
 all cases:
 */

 png_progressive_combine_row(png_ptr, old_row,
 new_row);

 /* where old_row is what was displayed for
 previously for the row. Note that the first
 pass (pass == 0, really) will completely cover
 the old row, so the rows do not have to be
 initialized. After the first pass (and only
 for interlaced images), you will have to pass
 the current row, and the function will combine
 the old row and the new row.
 */
 }

 void
 end_callback(png_structp png_ptr, png_infop info)
 {
 /* This function is called after the whole image
 has been read, including any chunks after the
 image (up to and including the IEND). You
 will usually have the same info chunk as you
 had in the header, although some data may have
 been added to the comments and time fields.

 Most people won't do much here, perhaps setting
 a flag that marks the image as finished.
 */
 }


 IV. Writing

Much of this is very similar to reading. However, everything of
importance is repeated here, so you won't have to constantly look
back up in the reading section to understand writing.

 Setup

You will want to do the I/O initialization before you get into libpng,
so if it doesn't work, you don't have anything to undo. If you are not
using the standard I/O functions, you will need to replace them with
custom writing functions. See the discussion under Customizing libpng.

 FILE *fp = fopen(file_name, "wb");
 if (!fp)
 {
 return (ERROR);
 }

Next, png_struct and png_info need to be allocated and initialized.
As these can be both relatively large, you may not want to store these
on the stack, unless you have stack space to spare. Of course, you
will want to check if they return NULL. If you are also reading,
you won't want to name your read structure and your write structure
both "png_ptr"; you can call them anything you like, such as
"read_ptr" and "write_ptr". Look at pngtest.c, for example.

 png_structp png_ptr = png_create_write_struct
 (PNG_LIBPNG_VER_STRING, (png_voidp)user_error_ptr,
 user_error_fn, user_warning_fn);
 if (!png_ptr)
 return (ERROR);

 png_infop info_ptr = png_create_info_struct(png_ptr);
 if (!info_ptr)
 {
 png_destroy_write_struct(&png_ptr,
 (png_infopp)NULL);
 return (ERROR);
 }

If you want to use your own memory allocation routines,
define PNG_USER_MEM_SUPPORTED and use
png_create_write_struct_2() instead of png_create_write_struct():

 png_structp png_ptr = png_create_write_struct_2
 (PNG_LIBPNG_VER_STRING, (png_voidp)user_error_ptr,
 user_error_fn, user_warning_fn, (png_voidp)
 user_mem_ptr, user_malloc_fn, user_free_fn);

After you have these structures, you will need to set up the
error handling. When libpng encounters an error, it expects to
longjmp() back to your routine. Therefore, you will need to call
setjmp() and pass the png_jmpbuf(png_ptr). If you
write the file from different routines, you will need to update
the png_jmpbuf(png_ptr) every time you enter a new routine that will
call a png_*() function. See your documentation of setjmp/longjmp
for your compiler for more information on setjmp/longjmp. See
the discussion on libpng error handling in the Customizing Libpng
section below for more information on the libpng error handling.

 if (setjmp(png_jmpbuf(png_ptr)))
 {
 png_destroy_write_struct(&png_ptr, &info_ptr);
 fclose(fp);
 return (ERROR);
 }
 ...
 return;

If you would rather avoid the complexity of setjmp/longjmp issues,
you can compile libpng with PNG_SETJMP_NOT_SUPPORTED, in which case
errors will result in a call to PNG_ABORT() which defaults to abort().

Now you need to set up the output code. The default for libpng is to
use the C function fwrite(). If you use this, you will need to pass a
valid FILE * in the function png_init_io(). Be sure that the file is
opened in binary mode. Again, if you wish to handle writing data in
another way, see the discussion on libpng I/O handling in the Customizing
Libpng section below.

 png_init_io(png_ptr, fp);

If you are embedding your PNG into a datastream such as MNG, and don't
want libpng to write the 8-byte signature, or if you have already
written the signature in your application, use

 png_set_sig_bytes(png_ptr, 8);

to inform libpng that it should not write a signature.

 Write callbacks

At this point, you can set up a callback function that will be
called after each row has been written, which you can use to control
a progress meter or the like. It's demonstrated in pngtest.c.
You must supply a function

 void write_row_callback(png_ptr, png_uint_32 row,
 int pass);
 {
 /* put your code here */
 }

(You can give it another name that you like instead of "write_row_callback")

To inform libpng about your function, use

 png_set_write_status_fn(png_ptr, write_row_callback);

You now have the option of modifying how the compression library will
run. The following functions are mainly for testing, but may be useful
in some cases, like if you need to write PNG files extremely fast and
are willing to give up some compression, or if you want to get the
maximum possible compression at the expense of slower writing. If you
have no special needs in this area, let the library do what it wants by
not calling this function at all, as it has been tuned to deliver a good
speed/compression ratio. The second parameter to png_set_filter() is
the filter method, for which the only valid values are 0 (as of the
July 1999 PNG specification, version 1.2) or 64 (if you are writing
a PNG datastream that is to be embedded in a MNG datastream). The third
parameter is a flag that indicates which filter type(s) are to be tested
for each scanline. See the PNG specification for details on the specific
filter types.


 /* turn on or off filtering, and/or choose
 specific filters. You can use either a single
 PNG_FILTER_VALUE_NAME or the bitwise OR of one
 or more PNG_FILTER_NAME masks. */
 png_set_filter(png_ptr, 0,
 PNG_FILTER_NONE | PNG_FILTER_VALUE_NONE |
 PNG_FILTER_SUB | PNG_FILTER_VALUE_SUB |
 PNG_FILTER_UP | PNG_FILTER_VALUE_UP |
 PNG_FILTER_AVG | PNG_FILTER_VALUE_AVG |
 PNG_FILTER_PAETH | PNG_FILTER_VALUE_PAETH|
 PNG_ALL_FILTERS);

If an application
wants to start and stop using particular filters during compression,
it should start out with all of the filters (to ensure that the previous
row of pixels will be stored in case it's needed later), and then add
and remove them after the start of compression.

If you are writing a PNG datastream that is to be embedded in a MNG
datastream, the second parameter can be either 0 or 64.

The png_set_compression_*() functions interface to the zlib compression
library, and should mostly be ignored unless you really know what you are
doing. The only generally useful call is png_set_compression_level()
which changes how much time zlib spends on trying to compress the image
data. See the Compression Library (zlib.h and algorithm.txt, distributed
with zlib) for details on the compression levels.

 /* set the zlib compression level */
 png_set_compression_level(png_ptr,
 Z_BEST_COMPRESSION);

 /* set other zlib parameters */
 png_set_compression_mem_level(png_ptr, 8);
 png_set_compression_strategy(png_ptr,
 Z_DEFAULT_STRATEGY);
 png_set_compression_window_bits(png_ptr, 15);
 png_set_compression_method(png_ptr, 8);
 png_set_compression_buffer_size(png_ptr, 8192)

extern PNG_EXPORT(void,png_set_zbuf_size)

 Setting the contents of info for output

You now need to fill in the png_info structure with all the data you
wish to write before the actual image. Note that the only thing you
are allowed to write after the image is the text chunks and the time
chunk (as of PNG Specification 1.2, anyway). See png_write_end() and
the latest PNG specification for more information on that. If you
wish to write them before the image, fill them in now, and flag that
data as being valid. If you want to wait until after the data, don't
fill them until png_write_end(). For all the fields in png_info and
their data types, see png.h. For explanations of what the fields
contain, see the PNG specification.

Some of the more important parts of the png_info are:

 png_set_IHDR(png_ptr, info_ptr, width, height,
 bit_depth, color_type, interlace_type,
 compression_type, filter_method)
 width - holds the width of the image
 in pixels (up to 2^31).
 height - holds the height of the image
 in pixels (up to 2^31).
 bit_depth - holds the bit depth of one of the
 image channels.
 (valid values are 1, 2, 4, 8, 16
 and depend also on the
 color_type. See also significant
 bits (sBIT) below).
 color_type - describes which color/alpha
 channels are present.
 PNG_COLOR_TYPE_GRAY
 (bit depths 1, 2, 4, 8, 16)
 PNG_COLOR_TYPE_GRAY_ALPHA
 (bit depths 8, 16)
 PNG_COLOR_TYPE_PALETTE
 (bit depths 1, 2, 4, 8)
 PNG_COLOR_TYPE_RGB
 (bit_depths 8, 16)
 PNG_COLOR_TYPE_RGB_ALPHA
 (bit_depths 8, 16)

 PNG_COLOR_MASK_PALETTE
 PNG_COLOR_MASK_COLOR
 PNG_COLOR_MASK_ALPHA

 interlace_type - PNG_INTERLACE_NONE or
 PNG_INTERLACE_ADAM7
 compression_type - (must be
 PNG_COMPRESSION_TYPE_DEFAULT)
 filter_method - (must be PNG_FILTER_TYPE_DEFAULT
 or, if you are writing a PNG to
 be embedded in a MNG datastream,
 can also be
 PNG_INTRAPIXEL_DIFFERENCING)

If you call png_set_IHDR(), the call must appear before any of the
other png_set_*() functions, because they might require access to some of
the IHDR settings. The remaining png_set_*() functions can be called
in any order.

If you wish, you can reset the compression_type, interlace_type, or
filter_method later by calling png_set_IHDR() again; if you do this, the
width, height, bit_depth, and color_type must be the same in each call.

 png_set_PLTE(png_ptr, info_ptr, palette,
 num_palette);
 palette - the palette for the file
 (array of png_color)
 num_palette - number of entries in the palette

 png_set_gAMA(png_ptr, info_ptr, gamma);
 gamma - the gamma the image was created
 at (PNG_INFO_gAMA)

 png_set_sRGB(png_ptr, info_ptr, srgb_intent);
 srgb_intent - the rendering intent
 (PNG_INFO_sRGB) The presence of
 the sRGB chunk means that the pixel
 data is in the sRGB color space.
 This chunk also implies specific
 values of gAMA and cHRM. Rendering
 intent is the CSS-1 property that
 has been defined by the International
 Color Consortium
 (http://www.color.org).
 It can be one of
 PNG_sRGB_INTENT_SATURATION,
 PNG_sRGB_INTENT_PERCEPTUAL,
 PNG_sRGB_INTENT_ABSOLUTE, or
 PNG_sRGB_INTENT_RELATIVE.


 png_set_sRGB_gAMA_and_cHRM(png_ptr, info_ptr,
 srgb_intent);
 srgb_intent - the rendering intent
 (PNG_INFO_sRGB) The presence of the
 sRGB chunk means that the pixel
 data is in the sRGB color space.
 This function also causes gAMA and
 cHRM chunks with the specific values
 that are consistent with sRGB to be
 written.

 png_set_iCCP(png_ptr, info_ptr, name, compression_type,
 profile, proflen);
 name - The profile name.
 compression - The compression type; always
 PNG_COMPRESSION_TYPE_BASE for PNG 1.0.
 You may give NULL to this argument to
 ignore it.
 profile - International Color Consortium color
 profile data. May contain NULs.
 proflen - length of profile data in bytes.

 png_set_sBIT(png_ptr, info_ptr, sig_bit);
 sig_bit - the number of significant bits for
 (PNG_INFO_sBIT) each of the gray, red,
 green, and blue channels, whichever are
 appropriate for the given color type
 (png_color_16)

 png_set_tRNS(png_ptr, info_ptr, trans, num_trans,
 trans_values);
 trans - array of transparent
 entries for palette (PNG_INFO_tRNS)
 trans_values - graylevel or color sample values
 (in order red, green, blue) of the
 single transparent color for
 non-paletted images (PNG_INFO_tRNS)
 num_trans - number of transparent entries
 (PNG_INFO_tRNS)

 png_set_hIST(png_ptr, info_ptr, hist);
 (PNG_INFO_hIST)
 hist - histogram of palette (array of
 png_uint_16)

 png_set_tIME(png_ptr, info_ptr, mod_time);
 mod_time - time image was last modified
 (PNG_VALID_tIME)

 png_set_bKGD(png_ptr, info_ptr, background);
 background - background color (PNG_VALID_bKGD)

 png_set_text(png_ptr, info_ptr, text_ptr, num_text);
 text_ptr - array of png_text holding image
 comments
 text_ptr[i].compression - type of compression used
 on "text" PNG_TEXT_COMPRESSION_NONE
 PNG_TEXT_COMPRESSION_zTXt
 PNG_ITXT_COMPRESSION_NONE
 PNG_ITXT_COMPRESSION_zTXt
 text_ptr[i].key - keyword for comment. Must contain
 1-79 characters.
 text_ptr[i].text - text comments for current
 keyword. Can be NULL or empty.
 text_ptr[i].text_length - length of text string,
 after decompression, 0 for iTXt
 text_ptr[i].itxt_length - length of itxt string,
 after decompression, 0 for tEXt/zTXt
 text_ptr[i].lang - language of comment (NULL or
 empty for unknown).
 text_ptr[i].translated_keyword - keyword in UTF-8 (NULL
 or empty for unknown).
 Note that the itxt_length, lang, and lang_key
 members of the text_ptr structure only exist
 when the library is built with iTXt chunk support.

 num_text - number of comments

 png_set_sPLT(png_ptr, info_ptr, &palette_ptr,
 num_spalettes);
 palette_ptr - array of png_sPLT_struct structures
 to be added to the list of palettes
 in the info structure.
 num_spalettes - number of palette structures to be
 added.

 png_set_oFFs(png_ptr, info_ptr, offset_x, offset_y,
 unit_type);
 offset_x - positive offset from the left
 edge of the screen
 offset_y - positive offset from the top
 edge of the screen
 unit_type - PNG_OFFSET_PIXEL, PNG_OFFSET_MICROMETER

 png_set_pHYs(png_ptr, info_ptr, res_x, res_y,
 unit_type);
 res_x - pixels/unit physical resolution
 in x direction
 res_y - pixels/unit physical resolution
 in y direction
 unit_type - PNG_RESOLUTION_UNKNOWN,
 PNG_RESOLUTION_METER

 png_set_sCAL(png_ptr, info_ptr, unit, width, height)
 unit - physical scale units (an integer)
 width - width of a pixel in physical scale units
 height - height of a pixel in physical scale units
 (width and height are doubles)

 png_set_sCAL_s(png_ptr, info_ptr, unit, width, height)
 unit - physical scale units (an integer)
 width - width of a pixel in physical scale units
 height - height of a pixel in physical scale units
 (width and height are strings like "2.54")

 png_set_unknown_chunks(png_ptr, info_ptr, &unknowns,
 num_unknowns)
 unknowns - array of png_unknown_chunk
 structures holding unknown chunks
 unknowns[i].name - name of unknown chunk
 unknowns[i].data - data of unknown chunk
 unknowns[i].size - size of unknown chunk's data
 unknowns[i].location - position to write chunk in file
 0: do not write chunk
 PNG_HAVE_IHDR: before PLTE
 PNG_HAVE_PLTE: before IDAT
 PNG_AFTER_IDAT: after IDAT

The "location" member is set automatically according to
what part of the output file has already been written.
You can change its value after calling png_set_unknown_chunks()
as demonstrated in pngtest.c. Within each of the "locations",
the chunks are sequenced according to their position in the
structure (that is, the value of "i", which is the order in which
the chunk was either read from the input file or defined with
png_set_unknown_chunks).

A quick word about text and num_text. text is an array of png_text
structures. num_text is the number of valid structures in the array.
Each png_text structure holds a language code, a keyword, a text value,
and a compression type.

The compression types have the same valid numbers as the compression
types of the image data. Currently, the only valid number is zero.
However, you can store text either compressed or uncompressed, unlike
images, which always have to be compressed. So if you don't want the
text compressed, set the compression type to PNG_TEXT_COMPRESSION_NONE.
Because tEXt and zTXt chunks don't have a language field, if you
specify PNG_TEXT_COMPRESSION_NONE or PNG_TEXT_COMPRESSION_zTXt
any language code or translated keyword will not be written out.

Until text gets around 1000 bytes, it is not worth compressing it.
After the text has been written out to the file, the compression type
is set to PNG_TEXT_COMPRESSION_NONE_WR or PNG_TEXT_COMPRESSION_zTXt_WR,
so that it isn't written out again at the end (in case you are calling
png_write_end() with the same struct.

The keywords that are given in the PNG Specification are:

 Title Short (one line) title or
 caption for image
 Author Name of image's creator
 Description Description of image (possibly long)
 Copyright Copyright notice
 Creation Time Time of original image creation
 (usually RFC 1123 format, see below)
 Software Software used to create the image
 Disclaimer Legal disclaimer
 Warning Warning of nature of content
 Source Device used to create the image
 Comment Miscellaneous comment; conversion
 from other image format

The keyword-text pairs work like this. Keywords should be short
simple descriptions of what the comment is about. Some typical
keywords are found in the PNG specification, as is some recommendations
on keywords. You can repeat keywords in a file. You can even write
some text before the image and some after. For example, you may want
to put a description of the image before the image, but leave the
disclaimer until after, so viewers working over modem connections
don't have to wait for the disclaimer to go over the modem before
they start seeing the image. Finally, keywords should be full
words, not abbreviations. Keywords and text are in the ISO 8859-1
(Latin-1) character set (a superset of regular ASCII) and can not
contain NUL characters, and should not contain control or other
unprintable characters. To make the comments widely readable, stick
with basic ASCII, and avoid machine specific character set extensions
like the IBM-PC character set. The keyword must be present, but
you can leave off the text string on non-compressed pairs.
Compressed pairs must have a text string, as only the text string
is compressed anyway, so the compression would be meaningless.

PNG supports modification time via the png_time structure. Two
conversion routines are provided, png_convert_from_time_t() for
time_t and png_convert_from_struct_tm() for struct tm. The
time_t routine uses gmtime(). You don't have to use either of
these, but if you wish to fill in the png_time structure directly,
you should provide the time in universal time (GMT) if possible
instead of your local time. Note that the year number is the full
year (e.g. 1998, rather than 98 - PNG is year 2000 compliant!), and
that months start with 1.

If you want to store the time of the original image creation, you should
use a plain tEXt chunk with the "Creation Time" keyword. This is
necessary because the "creation time" of a PNG image is somewhat vague,
depending on whether you mean the PNG file, the time the image was
created in a non-PNG format, a still photo from which the image was
scanned, or possibly the subject matter itself. In order to facilitate
machine-readable dates, it is recommended that the "Creation Time"
tEXt chunk use RFC 1123 format dates (e.g. "22 May 1997 18:07:10 GMT"),
although this isn't a requirement. Unlike the tIME chunk, the
"Creation Time" tEXt chunk is not expected to be automatically changed
by the software. To facilitate the use of RFC 1123 dates, a function
png_convert_to_rfc1123(png_timep) is provided to convert from PNG
time to an RFC 1123 format string.

 Writing unknown chunks

You can use the png_set_unknown_chunks function to queue up chunks
for writing. You give it a chunk name, raw data, and a size; that's
all there is to it. The chunks will be written by the next following
png_write_info_before_PLTE, png_write_info, or png_write_end function.
Any chunks previously read into the info structure's unknown-chunk
list will also be written out in a sequence that satisfies the PNG
specification's ordering rules.

 The high-level write interface

At this point there are two ways to proceed; through the high-level
write interface, or through a sequence of low-level write operations.
You can use the high-level interface if your image data is present
in the info structure. All defined output
transformations are permitted, enabled by the following masks.

 PNG_TRANSFORM_IDENTITY No transformation
 PNG_TRANSFORM_PACKING Pack 1, 2 and 4-bit samples
 PNG_TRANSFORM_PACKSWAP Change order of packed
 pixels to LSB first
 PNG_TRANSFORM_INVERT_MONO Invert monochrome images
 PNG_TRANSFORM_SHIFT Normalize pixels to the
 sBIT depth
 PNG_TRANSFORM_BGR Flip RGB to BGR, RGBA
 to BGRA
 PNG_TRANSFORM_SWAP_ALPHA Flip RGBA to ARGB or GA
 to AG
 PNG_TRANSFORM_INVERT_ALPHA Change alpha from opacity
 to transparency
 PNG_TRANSFORM_SWAP_ENDIAN Byte-swap 16-bit samples
 PNG_TRANSFORM_STRIP_FILLER Strip out filler
 bytes (deprecated).
 PNG_TRANSFORM_STRIP_FILLER_BEFORE Strip out leading
 filler bytes
 PNG_TRANSFORM_STRIP_FILLER_AFTER Strip out trailing
 filler bytes

If you have valid image data in the info structure (you can use
png_set_rows() to put image data in the info structure), simply do this:

 png_write_png(png_ptr, info_ptr, png_transforms, NULL)

where png_transforms is an integer containing the bitwise OR of some set of
transformation flags. This call is equivalent to png_write_info(),
followed the set of transformations indicated by the transform mask,
then png_write_image(), and finally png_write_end().

(The final parameter of this call is not yet used. Someday it might point
to transformation parameters required by some future output transform.)

You must use png_transforms and not call any png_set_transform() functions
when you use png_write_png().

 The low-level write interface

If you are going the low-level route instead, you are now ready to
write all the file information up to the actual image data. You do
this with a call to png_write_info().

 png_write_info(png_ptr, info_ptr);

Note that there is one transformation you may need to do before
png_write_info(). In PNG files, the alpha channel in an image is the
level of opacity. If your data is supplied as a level of transparency,
you can invert the alpha channel before you write it, so that 0 is
fully transparent and 255 (in 8-bit or paletted images) or 65535
(in 16-bit images) is fully opaque, with

 png_set_invert_alpha(png_ptr);

This must appear before png_write_info() instead of later with the
other transformations because in the case of paletted images the tRNS
chunk data has to be inverted before the tRNS chunk is written. If
your image is not a paletted image, the tRNS data (which in such cases
represents a single color to be rendered as transparent) won't need to
be changed, and you can safely do this transformation after your
png_write_info() call.

If you need to write a private chunk that you want to appear before
the PLTE chunk when PLTE is present, you can write the PNG info in
two steps, and insert code to write your own chunk between them:

 png_write_info_before_PLTE(png_ptr, info_ptr);
 png_set_unknown_chunks(png_ptr, info_ptr, ...);
 png_write_info(png_ptr, info_ptr);

After you've written the file information, you can set up the library
to handle any special transformations of the image data. The various
ways to transform the data will be described in the order that they
should occur. This is important, as some of these change the color
type and/or bit depth of the data, and some others only work on
certain color types and bit depths. Even though each transformation
checks to see if it has data that it can do something with, you should
make sure to only enable a transformation if it will be valid for the
data. For example, don't swap red and blue on grayscale data.

PNG files store RGB pixels packed into 3 or 6 bytes. This code tells
the library to strip input data that has 4 or 8 bytes per pixel down
to 3 or 6 bytes (or strip 2 or 4-byte grayscale+filler data to 1 or 2
bytes per pixel).

 png_set_filler(png_ptr, 0, PNG_FILLER_BEFORE);

where the 0 is unused, and the location is either PNG_FILLER_BEFORE or
PNG_FILLER_AFTER, depending upon whether the filler byte in the pixel
is stored XRGB or RGBX.

PNG files pack pixels of bit depths 1, 2, and 4 into bytes as small as
they can, resulting in, for example, 8 pixels per byte for 1 bit files.
If the data is supplied at 1 pixel per byte, use this code, which will
correctly pack the pixels into a single byte:

 png_set_packing(png_ptr);

PNG files reduce possible bit depths to 1, 2, 4, 8, and 16. If your
data is of another bit depth, you can write an sBIT chunk into the
file so that decoders can recover the original data if desired.

 /* Set the true bit depth of the image data */
 if (color_type & PNG_COLOR_MASK_COLOR)
 {
 sig_bit.red = true_bit_depth;
 sig_bit.green = true_bit_depth;
 sig_bit.blue = true_bit_depth;
 }
 else
 {
 sig_bit.gray = true_bit_depth;
 }
 if (color_type & PNG_COLOR_MASK_ALPHA)
 {
 sig_bit.alpha = true_bit_depth;
 }

 png_set_sBIT(png_ptr, info_ptr, &sig_bit);

If the data is stored in the row buffer in a bit depth other than
one supported by PNG (e.g. 3 bit data in the range 0-7 for a 4-bit PNG),
this will scale the values to appear to be the correct bit depth as
is required by PNG.

 png_set_shift(png_ptr, &sig_bit);

PNG files store 16 bit pixels in network byte order (big-endian,
ie. most significant bits first). This code would be used if they are
supplied the other way (little-endian, i.e. least significant bits
first, the way PCs store them):

 if (bit_depth > 8)
 png_set_swap(png_ptr);

If you are using packed-pixel images (1, 2, or 4 bits/pixel), and you
need to change the order the pixels are packed into bytes, you can use:

 if (bit_depth < 8)
 png_set_packswap(png_ptr);

PNG files store 3 color pixels in red, green, blue order. This code
would be used if they are supplied as blue, green, red:

 png_set_bgr(png_ptr);

PNG files describe monochrome as black being zero and white being
one. This code would be used if the pixels are supplied with this reversed
(black being one and white being zero):

 png_set_invert_mono(png_ptr);

Finally, you can write your own transformation function if none of
the existing ones meets your needs. This is done by setting a callback
with

 png_set_write_user_transform_fn(png_ptr,
 write_transform_fn);

You must supply the function

 void write_transform_fn(png_ptr ptr, row_info_ptr
 row_info, png_bytep data)

See pngtest.c for a working example. Your function will be called
before any of the other transformations are processed.

You can also set up a pointer to a user structure for use by your
callback function.

 png_set_user_transform_info(png_ptr, user_ptr, 0, 0);

The user_channels and user_depth parameters of this function are ignored
when writing; you can set them to zero as shown.

You can retrieve the pointer via the function png_get_user_transform_ptr().
For example:

 voidp write_user_transform_ptr =
 png_get_user_transform_ptr(png_ptr);

It is possible to have libpng flush any pending output, either manually,
or automatically after a certain number of lines have been written. To
flush the output stream a single time call:

 png_write_flush(png_ptr);

and to have libpng flush the output stream periodically after a certain
number of scanlines have been written, call:

 png_set_flush(png_ptr, nrows);

Note that the distance between rows is from the last time png_write_flush()
was called, or the first row of the image if it has never been called.
So if you write 50 lines, and then png_set_flush 25, it will flush the
output on the next scanline, and every 25 lines thereafter, unless
png_write_flush() is called before 25 more lines have been written.
If nrows is too small (less than about 10 lines for a 640 pixel wide
RGB image) the image compression may decrease noticeably (although this
may be acceptable for real-time applications). Infrequent flushing will
only degrade the compression performance by a few percent over images
that do not use flushing.

 Writing the image data

That's it for the transformations. Now you can write the image data.
The simplest way to do this is in one function call. If you have the
whole image in memory, you can just call png_write_image() and libpng
will write the image. You will need to pass in an array of pointers to
each row. This function automatically handles interlacing, so you don't
need to call png_set_interlace_handling() or call this function multiple
times, or any of that other stuff necessary with png_write_rows().

 png_write_image(png_ptr, row_pointers);

where row_pointers is:

 png_byte *row_pointers[height];

You can point to void or char or whatever you use for pixels.

If you don't want to write the whole image at once, you can
use png_write_rows() instead. If the file is not interlaced,
this is simple:

 png_write_rows(png_ptr, row_pointers,
 number_of_rows);

row_pointers is the same as in the png_write_image() call.

If you are just writing one row at a time, you can do this with
a single row_pointer instead of an array of row_pointers:

 png_bytep row_pointer = row;

 png_write_row(png_ptr, row_pointer);

When the file is interlaced, things can get a good deal more complicated.
The only currently (as of the PNG Specification version 1.2, dated July
1999) defined interlacing scheme for PNG files is the "Adam7" interlace
scheme, that breaks down an image into seven smaller images of varying
size. libpng will build these images for you, or you can do them
yourself. If you want to build them yourself, see the PNG specification
for details of which pixels to write when.

If you don't want libpng to handle the interlacing details, just
use png_set_interlace_handling() and call png_write_rows() the
correct number of times to write all seven sub-images.

If you want libpng to build the sub-images, call this before you start
writing any rows:

 number_of_passes =
 png_set_interlace_handling(png_ptr);

This will return the number of passes needed. Currently, this is seven,
but may change if another interlace type is added.

Then write the complete image number_of_passes times.

 png_write_rows(png_ptr, row_pointers,
 number_of_rows);

As some of these rows are not used, and thus return immediately, you may
want to read about interlacing in the PNG specification, and only update
the rows that are actually used.

 Finishing a sequential write

After you are finished writing the image, you should finish writing
the file. If you are interested in writing comments or time, you should
pass an appropriately filled png_info pointer. If you are not interested,
you can pass NULL.

 png_write_end(png_ptr, info_ptr);

When you are done, you can free all memory used by libpng like this:

 png_destroy_write_struct(&png_ptr, &info_ptr);

It is also possible to individually free the info_ptr members that
point to libpng-allocated storage with the following function:

 png_free_data(png_ptr, info_ptr, mask, seq)
 mask - identifies data to be freed, a mask
 containing the bitwise OR of one or
 more of
 PNG_FREE_PLTE, PNG_FREE_TRNS,
 PNG_FREE_HIST, PNG_FREE_ICCP,
 PNG_FREE_PCAL, PNG_FREE_ROWS,
 PNG_FREE_SCAL, PNG_FREE_SPLT,
 PNG_FREE_TEXT, PNG_FREE_UNKN,
 or simply PNG_FREE_ALL
 seq - sequence number of item to be freed
 (-1 for all items)

This function may be safely called when the relevant storage has
already been freed, or has not yet been allocated, or was allocated
by the user and not by libpng, and will in those cases do nothing.
The "seq" parameter is ignored if only one item of the selected data
type, such as PLTE, is allowed. If "seq" is not -1, and multiple items
are allowed for the data type identified in the mask, such as text or
sPLT, only the n'th item in the structure is freed, where n is "seq".

If you allocated data such as a palette that you passed in to libpng
with png_set_*, you must not free it until just before the call to
png_destroy_write_struct().

The default behavior is only to free data that was allocated internally
by libpng. This can be changed, so that libpng will not free the data,
or so that it will free data that was allocated by the user with png_malloc()
or png_zalloc() and passed in via a png_set_*() function, with

 png_data_freer(png_ptr, info_ptr, freer, mask)
 mask - which data elements are affected
 same choices as in png_free_data()
 freer - one of
 PNG_DESTROY_WILL_FREE_DATA
 PNG_SET_WILL_FREE_DATA
 PNG_USER_WILL_FREE_DATA

For example, to transfer responsibility for some data from a read structure
to a write structure, you could use

 png_data_freer(read_ptr, read_info_ptr,
 PNG_USER_WILL_FREE_DATA,
 PNG_FREE_PLTE|PNG_FREE_tRNS|PNG_FREE_hIST)
 png_data_freer(write_ptr, write_info_ptr,
 PNG_DESTROY_WILL_FREE_DATA,
 PNG_FREE_PLTE|PNG_FREE_tRNS|PNG_FREE_hIST)

thereby briefly reassigning responsibility for freeing to the user but
immediately afterwards reassigning it once more to the write_destroy
function. Having done this, it would then be safe to destroy the read
structure and continue to use the PLTE, tRNS, and hIST data in the write
structure.

This function only affects data that has already been allocated.
You can call this function before calling after the png_set_*() functions
to control whether the user or png_destroy_*() is supposed to free the data.
When the user assumes responsibility for libpng-allocated data, the
application must use
png_free() to free it, and when the user transfers responsibility to libpng
for data that the user has allocated, the user must have used png_malloc()
or png_zalloc() to allocate it.

If you allocated text_ptr.text, text_ptr.lang, and text_ptr.translated_keyword
separately, do not transfer responsibility for freeing text_ptr to libpng,
because when libpng fills a png_text structure it combines these members with
the key member, and png_free_data() will free only text_ptr.key. Similarly,
if you transfer responsibility for free'ing text_ptr from libpng to your
application, your application must not separately free those members.
For a more compact example of writing a PNG image, see the file example.c.

 V. Modifying/Customizing libpng:

There are two issues here. The first is changing how libpng does
standard things like memory allocation, input/output, and error handling.
The second deals with more complicated things like adding new chunks,
adding new transformations, and generally changing how libpng works.
Both of those are compile-time issues; that is, they are generally
determined at the time the code is written, and there is rarely a need
to provide the user with a means of changing them.

Memory allocation, input/output, and error handling

All of the memory allocation, input/output, and error handling in libpng
goes through callbacks that are user-settable. The default routines are
in pngmem.c, pngrio.c, pngwio.c, and pngerror.c, respectively. To change
these functions, call the appropriate png_set_*_fn() function.

Memory allocation is done through the functions png_malloc(), png_calloc(),
and png_free(). These currently just call the standard C functions.
png_calloc() calls png_malloc() and then png_memset() to clear the newly
allocated memory to zero. If your pointers can't access more then 64K
at a time, you will want to set MAXSEG_64K in zlib.h. Since it is
unlikely that the method of handling memory allocation on a platform
will change between applications, these functions must be modified in
the library at compile time. If you prefer to use a different method
of allocating and freeing data, you can use png_create_read_struct_2() or
png_create_write_struct_2() to register your own functions as described
above. These functions also provide a void pointer that can be retrieved
via

 mem_ptr=png_get_mem_ptr(png_ptr);

Your replacement memory functions must have prototypes as follows:

 png_voidp malloc_fn(png_structp png_ptr,
 png_size_t size);
 void free_fn(png_structp png_ptr, png_voidp ptr);

Your malloc_fn() must return NULL in case of failure. The png_malloc()
function will normally call png_error() if it receives a NULL from the
system memory allocator or from your replacement malloc_fn().

Your free_fn() will never be called with a NULL ptr, since libpng's
png_free() checks for NULL before calling free_fn().

Input/Output in libpng is done through png_read() and png_write(),
which currently just call fread() and fwrite(). The FILE * is stored in
png_struct and is initialized via png_init_io(). If you wish to change
the method of I/O, the library supplies callbacks that you can set
through the function png_set_read_fn() and png_set_write_fn() at run
time, instead of calling the png_init_io() function. These functions
also provide a void pointer that can be retrieved via the function
png_get_io_ptr(). For example:

 png_set_read_fn(png_structp read_ptr,
 voidp read_io_ptr, png_rw_ptr read_data_fn)

 png_set_write_fn(png_structp write_ptr,
 voidp write_io_ptr, png_rw_ptr write_data_fn,
 png_flush_ptr output_flush_fn);

 voidp read_io_ptr = png_get_io_ptr(read_ptr);
 voidp write_io_ptr = png_get_io_ptr(write_ptr);

The replacement I/O functions must have prototypes as follows:

 void user_read_data(png_structp png_ptr,
 png_bytep data, png_size_t length);
 void user_write_data(png_structp png_ptr,
 png_bytep data, png_size_t length);
 void user_flush_data(png_structp png_ptr);

The user_read_data() function is responsible for detecting and
handling end-of-data errors.

Supplying NULL for the read, write, or flush functions sets them back
to using the default C stream functions, which expect the io_ptr to
point to a standard *FILE structure. It is probably a mistake
to use NULL for one of write_data_fn and output_flush_fn but not both
of them, unless you have built libpng with PNG_NO_WRITE_FLUSH defined.
It is an error to read from a write stream, and vice versa.

Error handling in libpng is done through png_error() and png_warning().
Errors handled through png_error() are fatal, meaning that png_error()
should never return to its caller. Currently, this is handled via
setjmp() and longjmp() (unless you have compiled libpng with
PNG_SETJMP_NOT_SUPPORTED, in which case it is handled via PNG_ABORT()),
but you could change this to do things like exit() if you should wish.

On non-fatal errors, png_warning() is called
to print a warning message, and then control returns to the calling code.
By default png_error() and png_warning() print a message on stderr via
fprintf() unless the library is compiled with PNG_NO_CONSOLE_IO defined
(because you don't want the messages) or PNG_NO_STDIO defined (because
fprintf() isn't available). If you wish to change the behavior of the error
functions, you will need to set up your own message callbacks. These
functions are normally supplied at the time that the png_struct is created.
It is also possible to redirect errors and warnings to your own replacement
functions after png_create_*_struct() has been called by calling:

 png_set_error_fn(png_structp png_ptr,
 png_voidp error_ptr, png_error_ptr error_fn,
 png_error_ptr warning_fn);

 png_voidp error_ptr = png_get_error_ptr(png_ptr);

If NULL is supplied for either error_fn or warning_fn, then the libpng
default function will be used, calling fprintf() and/or longjmp() if a
problem is encountered. The replacement error functions should have
parameters as follows:

 void user_error_fn(png_structp png_ptr,
 png_const_charp error_msg);
 void user_warning_fn(png_structp png_ptr,
 png_const_charp warning_msg);

The motivation behind using setjmp() and longjmp() is the C++ throw and
catch exception handling methods. This makes the code much easier to write,
as there is no need to check every return code of every function call.
However, there are some uncertainties about the status of local variables
after a longjmp, so the user may want to be careful about doing anything
after setjmp returns non-zero besides returning itself. Consult your
compiler documentation for more details. For an alternative approach, you
may wish to use the "cexcept" facility (see http://cexcept.sourceforge.net).

 Custom chunks

If you need to read or write custom chunks, you may need to get deeper
into the libpng code. The library now has mechanisms for storing
and writing chunks of unknown type; you can even declare callbacks
for custom chunks. However, this may not be good enough if the
library code itself needs to know about interactions between your
chunk and existing `intrinsic' chunks.

If you need to write a new intrinsic chunk, first read the PNG
specification. Acquire a first level of understanding of how it works.
Pay particular attention to the sections that describe chunk names,
and look at how other chunks were designed, so you can do things
similarly. Second, check out the sections of libpng that read and
write chunks. Try to find a chunk that is similar to yours and use
it as a template. More details can be found in the comments inside
the code. It is best to handle unknown chunks in a generic method,
via callback functions, instead of by modifying libpng functions.

If you wish to write your own transformation for the data, look through
the part of the code that does the transformations, and check out some of
the simpler ones to get an idea of how they work. Try to find a similar
transformation to the one you want to add and copy off of it. More details
can be found in the comments inside the code itself.

 Configuring for 16 bit platforms

You will want to look into zconf.h to tell zlib (and thus libpng) that
it cannot allocate more then 64K at a time. Even if you can, the memory
won't be accessible. So limit zlib and libpng to 64K by defining MAXSEG_64K.

 Configuring for DOS

For DOS users who only have access to the lower 640K, you will
have to limit zlib's memory usage via a png_set_compression_mem_level()
call. See zlib.h or zconf.h in the zlib library for more information.

 Configuring for Medium Model

Libpng's support for medium model has been tested on most of the popular
compilers. Make sure MAXSEG_64K gets defined, USE_FAR_KEYWORD gets
defined, and FAR gets defined to far in pngconf.h, and you should be
all set. Everything in the library (except for zlib's structure) is
expecting far data. You must use the typedefs with the p or pp on
the end for pointers (or at least look at them and be careful). Make
note that the rows of data are defined as png_bytepp, which is an
unsigned char far * far *.

 Configuring for gui/windowing platforms:

You will need to write new error and warning functions that use the GUI
interface, as described previously, and set them to be the error and
warning functions at the time that png_create_*_struct() is called,
in order to have them available during the structure initialization.
They can be changed later via png_set_error_fn(). On some compilers,
you may also have to change the memory allocators (png_malloc, etc.).

 Configuring for compiler xxx:

All includes for libpng are in pngconf.h. If you need to add, change
or delete an include, this is the place to do it.
The includes that are not needed outside libpng are protected by the
PNG_INTERNAL definition, which is only defined for those routines inside
libpng itself. The files in libpng proper only include png.h, which
includes pngconf.h.

 Configuring zlib:

There are special functions to configure the compression. Perhaps the
most useful one changes the compression level, which currently uses
input compression values in the range 0 - 9. The library normally
uses the default compression level (Z_DEFAULT_COMPRESSION = 6). Tests
have shown that for a large majority of images, compression values in
the range 3-6 compress nearly as well as higher levels, and do so much
faster. For online applications it may be desirable to have maximum speed
(Z_BEST_SPEED = 1). With versions of zlib after v0.99, you can also
specify no compression (Z_NO_COMPRESSION = 0), but this would create
files larger than just storing the raw bitmap. You can specify the
compression level by calling:

 png_set_compression_level(png_ptr, level);

Another useful one is to reduce the memory level used by the library.
The memory level defaults to 8, but it can be lowered if you are
short on memory (running DOS, for example, where you only have 640K).
Note that the memory level does have an effect on compression; among
other things, lower levels will result in sections of incompressible
data being emitted in smaller stored blocks, with a correspondingly
larger relative overhead of up to 15% in the worst case.

 png_set_compression_mem_level(png_ptr, level);

The other functions are for configuring zlib. They are not recommended
for normal use and may result in writing an invalid PNG file. See
zlib.h for more information on what these mean.

 png_set_compression_strategy(png_ptr,
 strategy);
 png_set_compression_window_bits(png_ptr,
 window_bits);
 png_set_compression_method(png_ptr, method);
 png_set_compression_buffer_size(png_ptr, size);

 Controlling row filtering

If you want to control whether libpng uses filtering or not, which
filters are used, and how it goes about picking row filters, you
can call one of these functions. The selection and configuration
of row filters can have a significant impact on the size and
encoding speed and a somewhat lesser impact on the decoding speed
of an image. Filtering is enabled by default for RGB and grayscale
images (with and without alpha), but not for paletted images nor
for any images with bit depths less than 8 bits/pixel.

The 'method' parameter sets the main filtering method, which is
currently only '0' in the PNG 1.2 specification. The 'filters'
parameter sets which filter(s), if any, should be used for each
scanline. Possible values are PNG_ALL_FILTERS and PNG_NO_FILTERS
to turn filtering on and off, respectively.

Individual filter types are PNG_FILTER_NONE, PNG_FILTER_SUB,
PNG_FILTER_UP, PNG_FILTER_AVG, PNG_FILTER_PAETH, which can be bitwise
ORed together with '|' to specify one or more filters to use.
These filters are described in more detail in the PNG specification.
If you intend to change the filter type during the course of writing
the image, you should start with flags set for all of the filters
you intend to use so that libpng can initialize its internal
structures appropriately for all of the filter types. (Note that this
means the first row must always be adaptively filtered, because libpng
currently does not allocate the filter buffers until png_write_row()
is called for the first time.)

 filters = PNG_FILTER_NONE | PNG_FILTER_SUB
 PNG_FILTER_UP | PNG_FILTER_AVG |
 PNG_FILTER_PAETH | PNG_ALL_FILTERS;

 png_set_filter(png_ptr, PNG_FILTER_TYPE_BASE,
 filters);
 The second parameter can also be
 PNG_INTRAPIXEL_DIFFERENCING if you are
 writing a PNG to be embedded in a MNG
 datastream. This parameter must be the
 same as the value of filter_method used
 in png_set_IHDR().

It is also possible to influence how libpng chooses from among the
available filters. This is done in one or both of two ways - by
telling it how important it is to keep the same filter for successive
rows, and by telling it the relative computational costs of the filters.

 double weights[3] = {1.5, 1.3, 1.1},
 costs[PNG_FILTER_VALUE_LAST] =
 {1.0, 1.3, 1.3, 1.5, 1.7};

 png_set_filter_heuristics(png_ptr,
 PNG_FILTER_HEURISTIC_WEIGHTED, 3,
 weights, costs);

The weights are multiplying factors that indicate to libpng that the
row filter should be the same for successive rows unless another row filter
is that many times better than the previous filter. In the above example,
if the previous 3 filters were SUB, SUB, NONE, the SUB filter could have a
"sum of absolute differences" 1.5 x 1.3 times higher than other filters
and still be chosen, while the NONE filter could have a sum 1.1 times
higher than other filters and still be chosen. Unspecified weights are
taken to be 1.0, and the specified weights should probably be declining
like those above in order to emphasize recent filters over older filters.

The filter costs specify for each filter type a relative decoding cost
to be considered when selecting row filters. This means that filters
with higher costs are less likely to be chosen over filters with lower
costs, unless their "sum of absolute differences" is that much smaller.
The costs do not necessarily reflect the exact computational speeds of
the various filters, since this would unduly influence the final image
size.

Note that the numbers above were invented purely for this example and
are given only to help explain the function usage. Little testing has
been done to find optimum values for either the costs or the weights.

 Removing unwanted object code

There are a bunch of #define's in pngconf.h that control what parts of
libpng are compiled. All the defines end in _SUPPORTED. If you are
never going to use a capability, you can change the #define to #undef
before recompiling libpng and save yourself code and data space, or
you can turn off individual capabilities with defines that begin with
PNG_NO_.

You can also turn all of the transforms and ancillary chunk capabilities
off en masse with compiler directives that define
PNG_NO_READ[or WRITE]_TRANSFORMS, or PNG_NO_READ[or WRITE]_ANCILLARY_CHUNKS,
or all four,
along with directives to turn on any of the capabilities that you do
want. The PNG_NO_READ[or WRITE]_TRANSFORMS directives disable the extra
transformations but still leave the library fully capable of reading
and writing PNG files with all known public chunks. Use of the
PNG_NO_READ[or WRITE]_ANCILLARY_CHUNKS directive produces a library
that is incapable of reading or writing ancillary chunks. If you are
not using the progressive reading capability, you can turn that off
with PNG_NO_PROGRESSIVE_READ (don't confuse this with the INTERLACING
capability, which you'll still have).

All the reading and writing specific code are in separate files, so the
linker should only grab the files it needs. However, if you want to
make sure, or if you are building a stand alone library, all the
reading files start with pngr and all the writing files start with
pngw. The files that don't match either (like png.c, pngtrans.c, etc.)
are used for both reading and writing, and always need to be included.
The progressive reader is in pngpread.c

If you are creating or distributing a dynamically linked library (a .so
or DLL file), you should not remove or disable any parts of the library,
as this will cause applications linked with different versions of the
library to fail if they call functions not available in your library.
The size of the library itself should not be an issue, because only
those sections that are actually used will be loaded into memory.

 Requesting debug printout

The macro definition PNG_DEBUG can be used to request debugging
printout. Set it to an integer value in the range 0 to 3. Higher
numbers result in increasing amounts of debugging information. The
information is printed to the "stderr" file, unless another file
name is specified in the PNG_DEBUG_FILE macro definition.

When PNG_DEBUG > 0, the following functions (macros) become available:

 png_debug(level, message)
 png_debug1(level, message, p1)
 png_debug2(level, message, p1, p2)

in which "level" is compared to PNG_DEBUG to decide whether to print
the message, "message" is the formatted string to be printed,
and p1 and p2 are parameters that are to be embedded in the string
according to printf-style formatting directives. For example,

 png_debug1(2, "foo=%d\n", foo);

is expanded to

 if(PNG_DEBUG > 2)
 fprintf(PNG_DEBUG_FILE, "foo=%d\n", foo);

When PNG_DEBUG is defined but is zero, the macros aren't defined, but you
can still use PNG_DEBUG to control your own debugging:

 #ifdef PNG_DEBUG
 fprintf(stderr, ...
 #endif

When PNG_DEBUG = 1, the macros are defined, but only png_debug statements
having level = 0 will be printed. There aren't any such statements in
this version of libpng, but if you insert some they will be printed.

 VI. MNG support

The MNG specification (available at http://www.libpng.org/pub/mng) allows
certain extensions to PNG for PNG images that are embedded in MNG datastreams.
Libpng can support some of these extensions. To enable them, use the
png_permit_mng_features() function:

 feature_set = png_permit_mng_features(png_ptr, mask)
 mask is a png_uint_32 containing the bitwise OR of the
 features you want to enable. These include
 PNG_FLAG_MNG_EMPTY_PLTE
 PNG_FLAG_MNG_FILTER_64
 PNG_ALL_MNG_FEATURES
 feature_set is a png_uint_32 that is the bitwise AND of
 your mask with the set of MNG features that is
 supported by the version of libpng that you are using.

It is an error to use this function when reading or writing a standalone
PNG file with the PNG 8-byte signature. The PNG datastream must be wrapped
in a MNG datastream. As a minimum, it must have the MNG 8-byte signature
and the MHDR and MEND chunks. Libpng does not provide support for these
or any other MNG chunks; your application must provide its own support for
them. You may wish to consider using libmng (available at
http://www.libmng.com) instead.

 VII. Changes to Libpng from version 0.88

It should be noted that versions of libpng later than 0.96 are not
distributed by the original libpng author, Guy Schalnat, nor by
Andreas Dilger, who had taken over from Guy during 1996 and 1997, and
distributed versions 0.89 through 0.96, but rather by another member
of the original PNG Group, Glenn Randers-Pehrson. Guy and Andreas are
still alive and well, but they have moved on to other things.

The old libpng functions png_read_init(), png_write_init(),
png_info_init(), png_read_destroy(), and png_write_destroy() have been
moved to PNG_INTERNAL in version 0.95 to discourage their use. These
functions will be removed from libpng version 2.0.0.

The preferred method of creating and initializing the libpng structures is
via the png_create_read_struct(), png_create_write_struct(), and
png_create_info_struct() because they isolate the size of the structures
from the application, allow version error checking, and also allow the
use of custom error handling routines during the initialization, which
the old functions do not. The functions png_read_destroy() and
png_write_destroy() do not actually free the memory that libpng
allocated for these structs, but just reset the data structures, so they
can be used instead of png_destroy_read_struct() and
png_destroy_write_struct() if you feel there is too much system overhead
allocating and freeing the png_struct for each image read.

Setting the error callbacks via png_set_message_fn() before
png_read_init() as was suggested in libpng-0.88 is no longer supported
because this caused applications that do not use custom error functions
to fail if the png_ptr was not initialized to zero. It is still possible
to set the error callbacks AFTER png_read_init(), or to change them with
png_set_error_fn(), which is essentially the same function, but with a new
name to force compilation errors with applications that try to use the old
method.

Starting with version 1.0.7, you can find out which version of the library
you are using at run-time:

 png_uint_32 libpng_vn = png_access_version_number();

The number libpng_vn is constructed from the major version, minor
version with leading zero, and release number with leading zero,
(e.g., libpng_vn for version 1.0.7 is 10007).

You can also check which version of png.h you used when compiling your
application:

 png_uint_32 application_vn = PNG_LIBPNG_VER;

 VIII. Changes to Libpng from version 1.0.x to 1.2.x

Support for user memory management was enabled by default. To
accomplish this, the functions png_create_read_struct_2(),
png_create_write_struct_2(), png_set_mem_fn(), png_get_mem_ptr(),
png_malloc_default(), and png_free_default() were added.

Support for the iTXt chunk has been enabled by default as of
version 1.2.41.

Support for certain MNG features was enabled.

Support for numbered error messages was added. However, we never got
around to actually numbering the error messages. The function
png_set_strip_error_numbers() was added (Note: the prototype for this
function was inadvertently removed from png.h in PNG_NO_ASSEMBLER_CODE
builds of libpng-1.2.15. It was restored in libpng-1.2.36).

The png_malloc_warn() function was added at libpng-1.2.3. This issues
a png_warning and returns NULL instead of aborting when it fails to
acquire the requested memory allocation.

Support for setting user limits on image width and height was enabled
by default. The functions png_set_user_limits(), png_get_user_width_max(),
and png_get_user_height_max() were added at libpng-1.2.6.

The png_set_add_alpha() function was added at libpng-1.2.7.

The function png_set_expand_gray_1_2_4_to_8() was added at libpng-1.2.9.
Unlike png_set_gray_1_2_4_to_8(), the new function does not expand the
tRNS chunk to alpha. The png_set_gray_1_2_4_to_8() function is
deprecated.

A number of macro definitions in support of runtime selection of
assembler code features (especially Intel MMX code support) were
added at libpng-1.2.0:

 PNG_ASM_FLAG_MMX_SUPPORT_COMPILED
 PNG_ASM_FLAG_MMX_SUPPORT_IN_CPU
 PNG_ASM_FLAG_MMX_READ_COMBINE_ROW
 PNG_ASM_FLAG_MMX_READ_INTERLACE
 PNG_ASM_FLAG_MMX_READ_FILTER_SUB
 PNG_ASM_FLAG_MMX_READ_FILTER_UP
 PNG_ASM_FLAG_MMX_READ_FILTER_AVG
 PNG_ASM_FLAG_MMX_READ_FILTER_PAETH
 PNG_ASM_FLAGS_INITIALIZED
 PNG_MMX_READ_FLAGS
 PNG_MMX_FLAGS
 PNG_MMX_WRITE_FLAGS
 PNG_MMX_FLAGS

We added the following functions in support of runtime
selection of assembler code features:

 png_get_mmx_flagmask()
 png_set_mmx_thresholds()
 png_get_asm_flags()
 png_get_mmx_bitdepth_threshold()
 png_get_mmx_rowbytes_threshold()
 png_set_asm_flags()

We replaced all of these functions with simple stubs in libpng-1.2.20,
when the Intel assembler code was removed due to a licensing issue.

These macros are deprecated:

 PNG_READ_TRANSFORMS_NOT_SUPPORTED
 PNG_PROGRESSIVE_READ_NOT_SUPPORTED
 PNG_NO_SEQUENTIAL_READ_SUPPORTED
 PNG_WRITE_TRANSFORMS_NOT_SUPPORTED
 PNG_READ_ANCILLARY_CHUNKS_NOT_SUPPORTED
 PNG_WRITE_ANCILLARY_CHUNKS_NOT_SUPPORTED

They have been replaced, respectively, by:

 PNG_NO_READ_TRANSFORMS
 PNG_NO_PROGRESSIVE_READ
 PNG_NO_SEQUENTIAL_READ
 PNG_NO_WRITE_TRANSFORMS
 PNG_NO_READ_ANCILLARY_CHUNKS
 PNG_NO_WRITE_ANCILLARY_CHUNKS

PNG_MAX_UINT was replaced with PNG_UINT_31_MAX. It has been
deprecated since libpng-1.0.16 and libpng-1.2.6.

The function
 png_check_sig(sig, num)
was replaced with
 !png_sig_cmp(sig, 0, num)
It has been deprecated since libpng-0.90.

The function
 png_set_gray_1_2_4_to_8()
which also expands tRNS to alpha was replaced with
 png_set_expand_gray_1_2_4_to_8()
which does not. It has been deprecated since libpng-1.0.18 and 1.2.9.

 IX. (Omitted)


 X. Detecting libpng

The png_get_io_ptr() function has been present since libpng-0.88, has never
changed, and is unaffected by conditional compilation macros. It is the
best choice for use in configure scripts for detecting the presence of any
libpng version since 0.88. In an autoconf "configure.in" you could use

 AC_CHECK_LIB(png, png_get_io_ptr, ...

 XI. Source code repository

Since about February 2009, version 1.2.34, libpng has been under "git" source
control. The git repository was built from old libpng-x.y.z.tar.gz files
going back to version 0.70. You can access the git repository (read only)
at

 git://libpng.git.sourceforge.net/gitroot/libpng

or you can browse it via "gitweb" at

 http://libpng.git.sourceforge.net/git/gitweb.cgi?p=libpng

Patches can be sent to glennrp at users.sourceforge.net or to
png-mng-implement at lists.sourceforge.net or you can upload them to
the libpng bug tracker at

 http://libpng.sourceforge.net

 XII. Coding style

Our coding style is similar to the "Allman" style, with curly
braces on separate lines:

 if (condition)
 {
 action;
 }

 else if (another condition)
 {
 another action;
 }

The braces can be omitted from simple one-line actions:

 if (condition)
 return (0);

We use 3-space indentation, except for continued statements which
are usually indented the same as the first line of the statement
plus four more spaces.

For macro definitions we use 2-space indentation, always leaving the "#"
in the first column.

 #ifndef PNG_NO_FEATURE
 # ifndef PNG_FEATURE_SUPPORTED
 # define PNG_FEATURE_SUPPORTED
 # endif
 #endif

Comments appear with the leading "/*" at the same indentation as
the statement that follows the comment:

 /* Single-line comment */
 statement;

 /* Multiple-line
 * comment
 */
 statement;

Very short comments can be placed at the end of the statement
to which they pertain:

 statement; /* comment */

We don't use C++ style ("//") comments. We have, however,
used them in the past in some now-abandoned MMX assembler
code.

Functions and their curly braces are not indented, and
exported functions are marked with PNGAPI:

 /* This is a public function that is visible to
 * application programers. It does thus-and-so.
 */
 void PNGAPI
 png_exported_function(png_ptr, png_info, foo)
 {
 body;
 }

The prototypes for all exported functions appear in png.h,
above the comment that says

 /* Maintainer: Put new public prototypes here ... */

We mark all non-exported functions with "/* PRIVATE */"":

 void /* PRIVATE */
 png_non_exported_function(png_ptr, png_info, foo)
 {
 body;
 }

The prototypes for non-exported functions (except for those in
pngtest) appear in
the PNG_INTERNAL section of png.h
above the comment that says

 /* Maintainer: Put new private prototypes here ^ and in libpngpf.3 */

The names of all exported functions and variables begin
with "png_", and all publicly visible C preprocessor
macros begin with "PNG_".

We put a space after each comma and after each semicolon
in "for" statments, and we put spaces before and after each
C binary operator and after "for" or "while". We don't
put a space between a typecast and the expression being
cast, nor do we put one between a function name and the
left parenthesis that follows it:

 for (i = 2; i > 0; --i)
 y[i] = a(x) + (int)b;

We prefer #ifdef and #ifndef to #if defined() and if !defined()
when there is only one macro being tested.

We do not use the TAB character for indentation in the C sources.

Lines do not exceed 80 characters.

Other rules can be inferred by inspecting the libpng source.

 XIII. Y2K Compliance in libpng

July 9, 2011

Since the PNG Development group is an ad-hoc body, we can't make
an official declaration.

This is your unofficial assurance that libpng from version 0.71 and
upward through 1.2.46 are Y2K compliant. It is my belief that earlier
versions were also Y2K compliant.

Libpng only has three year fields. One is a 2-byte unsigned integer that
will hold years up to 65535. The other two hold the date in text
format, and will hold years up to 9999.

The integer is
 "png_uint_16 year" in png_time_struct.

The strings are
 "png_charp time_buffer" in png_struct and
 "near_time_buffer", which is a local character string in png.c.

There are seven time-related functions:

 png_convert_to_rfc_1123() in png.c
 (formerly png_convert_to_rfc_1152() in error)
 png_convert_from_struct_tm() in pngwrite.c, called
 in pngwrite.c
 png_convert_from_time_t() in pngwrite.c
 png_get_tIME() in pngget.c
 png_handle_tIME() in pngrutil.c, called in pngread.c
 png_set_tIME() in pngset.c
 png_write_tIME() in pngwutil.c, called in pngwrite.c

All appear to handle dates properly in a Y2K environment. The
png_convert_from_time_t() function calls gmtime() to convert from system
clock time, which returns (year - 1900), which we properly convert to
the full 4-digit year. There is a possibility that applications using
libpng are not passing 4-digit years into the png_convert_to_rfc_1123()
function, or that they are incorrectly passing only a 2-digit year
instead of "year - 1900" into the png_convert_from_struct_tm() function,
but this is not under our control. The libpng documentation has always
stated that it works with 4-digit years, and the APIs have been
documented as such.

The tIME chunk itself is also Y2K compliant. It uses a 2-byte unsigned
integer to hold the year, and can hold years as large as 65535.

zlib, upon which libpng depends, is also Y2K compliant. It contains
no date-related code.


 Glenn Randers-Pehrson
 libpng maintainer
 PNG Development Group

 NOTE

Note about libpng version numbers:

Due to various miscommunications, unforeseen code incompatibilities
and occasional factors outside the authors' control, version numbering
on the library has not always been consistent and straightforward.
The following table summarizes matters since version 0.89c, which was
the first widely used release:

 source png.h png.h shared-lib
 version string int version
 ------- ------ ----- ----------
 0.89c ("beta 3") 0.89 89 1.0.89
 0.90 ("beta 4") 0.90 90 0.90
 0.95 ("beta 5") 0.95 95 0.95
 0.96 ("beta 6") 0.96 96 0.96
 0.97b ("beta 7") 1.00.97 97 1.0.1
 0.97c 0.97 97 2.0.97
 0.98 0.98 98 2.0.98
 0.99 0.99 98 2.0.99
 0.99a-m 0.99 99 2.0.99
 1.00 1.00 100 2.1.0
 1.0.0 1.0.0 100 2.1.0
 1.0.0 (from here on, the 100 2.1.0
 1.0.1 png.h string is 10001 2.1.0
 1.0.1a-e identical to the 10002 from here on, the
 1.0.2 source version) 10002 shared library is 2.V
 1.0.2a-b 10003 where V is the source
 1.0.1 10001 code version except as
 1.0.1a-e 10002 2.1.0.1a-e noted.
 1.0.2 10002 2.1.0.2
 1.0.2a-b 10003 2.1.0.2a-b
 1.0.3 10003 2.1.0.3
 1.0.3a-d 10004 2.1.0.3a-d
 1.0.4 10004 2.1.0.4
 1.0.4a-f 10005 2.1.0.4a-f
 1.0.5 (+ 2 patches) 10005 2.1.0.5
 1.0.5a-d 10006 2.1.0.5a-d
 1.0.5e-r 10100 2.1.0.5e-r
 1.0.5s-v 10006 2.1.0.5s-v
 1.0.6 (+ 3 patches) 10006 2.1.0.6
 1.0.6d-g 10007 2.1.0.6d-g
 1.0.6h 10007 10.6h
 1.0.6i 10007 10.6i
 1.0.6j 10007 2.1.0.6j
 1.0.7beta11-14 DLLNUM 10007 2.1.0.7beta11-14
 1.0.7beta15-18 1 10007 2.1.0.7beta15-18
 1.0.7rc1-2 1 10007 2.1.0.7rc1-2
 1.0.7 1 10007 2.1.0.7
 1.0.8beta1-4 1 10008 2.1.0.8beta1-4
 1.0.8rc1 1 10008 2.1.0.8rc1
 1.0.8 1 10008 2.1.0.8
 1.0.9beta1-6 1 10009 2.1.0.9beta1-6
 1.0.9rc1 1 10009 2.1.0.9rc1
 1.0.9beta7-10 1 10009 2.1.0.9beta7-10
 1.0.9rc2 1 10009 2.1.0.9rc2
 1.0.9 1 10009 2.1.0.9
 1.0.10beta1 1 10010 2.1.0.10beta1
 1.0.10rc1 1 10010 2.1.0.10rc1
 1.0.10 1 10010 2.1.0.10
 1.0.11beta1-3 1 10011 2.1.0.11beta1-3
 1.0.11rc1 1 10011 2.1.0.11rc1
 1.0.11 1 10011 2.1.0.11
 1.0.12beta1-2 2 10012 2.1.0.12beta1-2
 1.0.12rc1 2 10012 2.1.0.12rc1
 1.0.12 2 10012 2.1.0.12
 1.1.0a-f - 10100 2.1.1.0a-f abandoned
 1.2.0beta1-2 2 10200 2.1.2.0beta1-2
 1.2.0beta3-5 3 10200 3.1.2.0beta3-5
 1.2.0rc1 3 10200 3.1.2.0rc1
 1.2.0 3 10200 3.1.2.0
 1.2.1beta-4 3 10201 3.1.2.1beta1-4
 1.2.1rc1-2 3 10201 3.1.2.1rc1-2
 1.2.1 3 10201 3.1.2.1
 1.2.2beta1-6 12 10202 12.so.0.1.2.2beta1-6
 1.0.13beta1 10 10013 10.so.0.1.0.13beta1
 1.0.13rc1 10 10013 10.so.0.1.0.13rc1
 1.2.2rc1 12 10202 12.so.0.1.2.2rc1
 1.0.13 10 10013 10.so.0.1.0.13
 1.2.2 12 10202 12.so.0.1.2.2
 1.2.3rc1-6 12 10203 12.so.0.1.2.3rc1-6
 1.2.3 12 10203 12.so.0.1.2.3
 1.2.4beta1-3 13 10204 12.so.0.1.2.4beta1-3
 1.2.4rc1 13 10204 12.so.0.1.2.4rc1
 1.0.14 10 10014 10.so.0.1.0.14
 1.2.4 13 10204 12.so.0.1.2.4
 1.2.5beta1-2 13 10205 12.so.0.1.2.5beta1-2
 1.0.15rc1 10 10015 10.so.0.1.0.15rc1
 1.0.15 10 10015 10.so.0.1.0.15
 1.2.5 13 10205 12.so.0.1.2.5
 1.2.6beta1-4 13 10206 12.so.0.1.2.6beta1-4
 1.2.6rc1-5 13 10206 12.so.0.1.2.6rc1-5
 1.0.16 10 10016 10.so.0.1.0.16
 1.2.6 13 10206 12.so.0.1.2.6
 1.2.7beta1-2 13 10207 12.so.0.1.2.7beta1-2
 1.0.17rc1 10 10017 10.so.0.1.0.17rc1
 1.2.7rc1 13 10207 12.so.0.1.2.7rc1
 1.0.17 10 10017 10.so.0.1.0.17
 1.2.7 13 10207 12.so.0.1.2.7
 1.2.8beta1-5 13 10208 12.so.0.1.2.8beta1-5
 1.0.18rc1-5 10 10018 10.so.0.1.0.18rc1-5
 1.2.8rc1-5 13 10208 12.so.0.1.2.8rc1-5
 1.0.18 10 10018 10.so.0.1.0.18
 1.2.8 13 10208 12.so.0.1.2.8
 1.2.9beta1-3 13 10209 12.so.0.1.2.9beta1-3
 1.2.9beta4-11 13 10209 12.so.0.9[.0]
 1.2.9rc1 13 10209 12.so.0.9[.0]
 1.2.9 13 10209 12.so.0.9[.0]
 1.2.10beta1-8 13 10210 12.so.0.10[.0]
 1.2.10rc1-3 13 10210 12.so.0.10[.0]
 1.2.10 13 10210 12.so.0.10[.0]
 1.2.11beta1-4 13 10211 12.so.0.11[.0]
 1.0.19rc1-5 10 10019 10.so.0.19[.0]
 1.2.11rc1-5 13 10211 12.so.0.11[.0]
 1.0.19 10 10019 10.so.0.19[.0]
 1.2.11 13 10211 12.so.0.11[.0]
 1.0.20 10 10020 10.so.0.20[.0]
 1.2.12 13 10212 12.so.0.12[.0]
 1.2.13beta1 13 10213 12.so.0.13[.0]
 1.0.21 10 10021 10.so.0.21[.0]
 1.2.13 13 10213 12.so.0.13[.0]
 1.2.14beta1-2 13 10214 12.so.0.14[.0]
 1.0.22rc1 10 10022 10.so.0.22[.0]
 1.2.14rc1 13 10214 12.so.0.14[.0]
 1.2.15beta1-6 13 10215 12.so.0.15[.0]
 1.0.23rc1-5 10 10023 10.so.0.23[.0]
 1.2.15rc1-5 13 10215 12.so.0.15[.0]
 1.0.23 10 10023 10.so.0.23[.0]
 1.2.15 13 10215 12.so.0.15[.0]
 1.2.16beta1-2 13 10216 12.so.0.16[.0]
 1.2.16rc1 13 10216 12.so.0.16[.0]
 1.0.24 10 10024 10.so.0.24[.0]
 1.2.16 13 10216 12.so.0.16[.0]
 1.2.17beta1-2 13 10217 12.so.0.17[.0]
 1.0.25rc1 10 10025 10.so.0.25[.0]
 1.2.17rc1-3 13 10217 12.so.0.17[.0]
 1.0.25 10 10025 10.so.0.25[.0]
 1.2.17 13 10217 12.so.0.17[.0]
 1.0.26 10 10026 10.so.0.26[.0]
 1.2.18 13 10218 12.so.0.18[.0]
 1.2.19beta1-31 13 10219 12.so.0.19[.0]
 1.0.27rc1-6 10 10027 10.so.0.27[.0]
 1.2.19rc1-6 13 10219 12.so.0.19[.0]
 1.0.27 10 10027 10.so.0.27[.0]
 1.2.19 13 10219 12.so.0.19[.0]
 1.2.20beta01-04 13 10220 12.so.0.20[.0]
 1.0.28rc1-6 10 10028 10.so.0.28[.0]
 1.2.20rc1-6 13 10220 12.so.0.20[.0]
 1.0.28 10 10028 10.so.0.28[.0]
 1.2.20 13 10220 12.so.0.20[.0]
 1.2.21beta1-2 13 10221 12.so.0.21[.0]
 1.2.21rc1-3 13 10221 12.so.0.21[.0]
 1.0.29 10 10029 10.so.0.29[.0]
 1.2.21 13 10221 12.so.0.21[.0]
 1.2.22beta1-4 13 10222 12.so.0.22[.0]
 1.0.30rc1 13 10030 10.so.0.30[.0]
 1.2.22rc1 13 10222 12.so.0.22[.0]
 1.0.30 10 10030 10.so.0.30[.0]
 1.2.22 13 10222 12.so.0.22[.0]
 1.2.23beta01-05 13 10223 12.so.0.23[.0]
 1.2.23rc01 13 10223 12.so.0.23[.0]
 1.2.23 13 10223 12.so.0.23[.0]
 1.2.24beta01-02 13 10224 12.so.0.24[.0]
 1.2.24rc01 13 10224 12.so.0.24[.0]
 1.2.24 13 10224 12.so.0.24[.0]
 1.2.25beta01-06 13 10225 12.so.0.25[.0]
 1.2.25rc01-02 13 10225 12.so.0.25[.0]
 1.0.31 10 10031 10.so.0.31[.0]
 1.2.25 13 10225 12.so.0.25[.0]
 1.2.26beta01-06 13 10226 12.so.0.26[.0]
 1.2.26rc01 13 10226 12.so.0.26[.0]
 1.2.26 13 10226 12.so.0.26[.0]
 1.0.32 10 10032 10.so.0.32[.0]
 1.2.27beta01-06 13 10227 12.so.0.27[.0]
 1.2.27rc01 13 10227 12.so.0.27[.0]
 1.0.33 10 10033 10.so.0.33[.0]
 1.2.27 13 10227 12.so.0.27[.0]
 1.0.34 10 10034 10.so.0.34[.0]
 1.2.28 13 10228 12.so.0.28[.0]
 1.2.29beta01-03 13 10229 12.so.0.29[.0]
 1.2.29rc01 13 10229 12.so.0.29[.0]
 1.0.35 10 10035 10.so.0.35[.0]
 1.2.29 13 10229 12.so.0.29[.0]
 1.0.37 10 10037 10.so.0.37[.0]
 1.2.30beta01-04 13 10230 12.so.0.30[.0]
 1.0.38rc01-08 10 10038 10.so.0.38[.0]
 1.2.30rc01-08 13 10230 12.so.0.30[.0]
 1.0.38 10 10038 10.so.0.38[.0]
 1.2.30 13 10230 12.so.0.30[.0]
 1.0.39rc01-03 10 10039 10.so.0.39[.0]
 1.2.31rc01-03 13 10231 12.so.0.31[.0]
 1.0.39 10 10039 10.so.0.39[.0]
 1.2.31 13 10231 12.so.0.31[.0]
 1.2.32beta01-02 13 10232 12.so.0.32[.0]
 1.0.40rc01 10 10040 10.so.0.40[.0]
 1.2.32rc01 13 10232 12.so.0.32[.0]
 1.0.40 10 10040 10.so.0.40[.0]
 1.2.32 13 10232 12.so.0.32[.0]
 1.2.33beta01-02 13 10233 12.so.0.33[.0]
 1.2.33rc01-02 13 10233 12.so.0.33[.0]
 1.0.41rc01 10 10041 10.so.0.41[.0]
 1.2.33 13 10233 12.so.0.33[.0]
 1.0.41 10 10041 10.so.0.41[.0]
 1.2.34beta01-07 13 10234 12.so.0.34[.0]
 1.0.42rc01 10 10042 10.so.0.42[.0]
 1.2.34rc01 13 10234 12.so.0.34[.0]
 1.0.42 10 10042 10.so.0.42[.0]
 1.2.34 13 10234 12.so.0.34[.0]
 1.2.35beta01-03 13 10235 12.so.0.35[.0]
 1.0.43rc01-02 10 10043 10.so.0.43[.0]
 1.2.35rc01-02 13 10235 12.so.0.35[.0]
 1.0.43 10 10043 10.so.0.43[.0]
 1.2.35 13 10235 12.so.0.35[.0]
 1.2.36beta01-05 13 10236 12.so.0.36[.0]
 1.2.36rc01 13 10236 12.so.0.36[.0]
 1.0.44 10 10044 10.so.0.44[.0]
 1.2.36 13 10236 12.so.0.36[.0]
 1.2.37beta01-03 13 10237 12.so.0.37[.0]
 1.2.37rc01 13 10237 12.so.0.37[.0]
 1.2.37 13 10237 12.so.0.37[.0]
 1.0.45 10 10045 12.so.0.45[.0]
 1.0.46 10 10046 10.so.0.46[.0]
 1.2.38beta01 13 10238 12.so.0.38[.0]
 1.2.38rc01-03 13 10238 12.so.0.38[.0]
 1.0.47 10 10047 10.so.0.47[.0]
 1.2.38 13 10238 12.so.0.38[.0]
 1.2.39beta01-05 13 10239 12.so.0.39[.0]
 1.2.39rc01 13 10239 12.so.0.39[.0]
 1.0.48 10 10048 10.so.0.48[.0]
 1.2.39 13 10239 12.so.0.39[.0]
 1.2.40beta01 13 10240 12.so.0.40[.0]
 1.2.40rc01 13 10240 12.so.0.40[.0]
 1.0.49 10 10049 10.so.0.49[.0]
 1.2.40 13 10240 12.so.0.40[.0]
 1.0.50 10 10050 10.so.0.50[.0]
 1.2.41beta01-18 13 10241 12.so.0.41[.0]
 1.0.51rc01 10 10051 10.so.0.51[.0]
 1.2.41rc01-03 13 10241 12.so.0.41[.0]
 1.0.51 10 10051 10.so.0.51[.0]
 1.2.41 13 10241 12.so.0.41[.0]
 1.2.42beta01-02 13 10242 12.so.0.42[.0]
 1.2.42rc01-05 13 10242 12.so.0.42[.0]
 1.0.52 10 10052 10.so.0.52[.0]
 1.2.42 13 10242 12.so.0.42[.0]
 1.2.43beta01-05 13 10243 12.so.0.43[.0]
 1.0.53rc01-02 10 10053 10.so.0.53[.0]
 1.2.43rc01-02 13 10243 12.so.0.43[.0]
 1.0.53 10 10053 10.so.0.53[.0]
 1.2.43 13 10243 12.so.0.43[.0]
 1.2.44beta01-03 13 10244 12.so.0.44[.0]
 1.2.44rc01-03 13 10244 12.so.0.44[.0]
 1.2.44 13 10244 12.so.0.44[.0]
 1.2.45beta01-03 13 10245 12.so.0.45[.0]
 1.0.55rc01 10 10055 10.so.0.55[.0]
 1.2.45rc01 13 10245 12.so.0.45[.0]
 1.0.55 10 10055 10.so.0.55[.0]
 1.2.45 13 10245 12.so.0.45[.0]
 1.2.46rc01-02 13 10246 12.so.0.46[.0]
 1.0.56 10 10056 10.so.0.56[.0]
 1.2.46 13 10246 12.so.0.46[.0]

Henceforth the source version will match the shared-library minor
and patch numbers; the shared-library major version number will be
used for changes in backward compatibility, as it is intended. The
PNG_PNGLIB_VER macro, which is not used within libpng but is available
for applications, is an unsigned integer of the form xyyzz corresponding
to the source version x.y.z (leading zeros in y and z). Beta versions
were given the previous public release number plus a letter, until
version 1.0.6j; from then on they were given the upcoming public
release number plus "betaNN" or "rcN".

 "SEE ALSO"
 libpngpf(3) ", " png(5)
 libpng :
http://libpng.sourceforge.net (follow the [DOWNLOAD] link)
http://www.libpng.org/pub/png


 zlib :
(generally) at the same location as
 libpng or at
ftp://ftp.info-zip.org/pub/infozip/zlib


 PNG specification: RFC 2083
(generally) at the same location as
 libpng or at
ftp://ftp.rfc-editor.org:/in-notes/rfc2083.txt
or (as a W3C Recommendation) at
http://www.w3.org/TR/REC-png.html


In the case of any inconsistency between the PNG specification
and this library, the specification takes precedence.

 AUTHORS
This man page: Glenn Randers-Pehrson
<glennrp at users.sourceforge.net>

The contributing authors would like to thank all those who helped
with testing, bug fixes, and patience. This wouldn't have been
possible without all of you.

Thanks to Frank J. T. Wojcik for helping with the documentation.

Libpng version 1.2.46 - July 9, 2011:
Initially created in 1995 by Guy Eric Schalnat, then of Group 42, Inc.
Currently maintained by Glenn Randers-Pehrson (glennrp at users.sourceforge.net).

Supported by the PNG development group
png-mng-implement at lists.sf.net
(subscription required; visit
png-mng-implement at lists.sourceforge.net (subscription required; visit
https://lists.sourceforge.net/lists/listinfo/png-mng-implement
to subscribe).

 COPYRIGHT NOTICE, DISCLAIMER, and LICENSE:

(This copy of the libpng notices is provided for your convenience. In case of
any discrepancy between this copy and the notices in the file png.h that is
included in the libpng distribution, the latter shall prevail.)

If you modify libpng you may insert additional notices immediately following
this sentence.

This code is released under the libpng license.

libpng versions 1.2.6, August 15, 2004, through 1.2.46, July 9, 2011, are
Copyright (c) 2004,2006-2008 Glenn Randers-Pehrson, and are
distributed according to the same disclaimer and license as libpng-1.2.5
with the following individual added to the list of Contributing Authors

 Cosmin Truta

libpng versions 1.0.7, July 1, 2000, through 1.2.5 - October 3, 2002, are
Copyright (c) 2000-2002 Glenn Randers-Pehrson, and are
distributed according to the same disclaimer and license as libpng-1.0.6
with the following individuals added to the list of Contributing Authors

 Simon-Pierre Cadieux
 Eric S. Raymond
 Gilles Vollant

and with the following additions to the disclaimer:

 There is no warranty against interference with your
 enjoyment of the library or against infringement.
 There is no warranty that our efforts or the library
 will fulfill any of your particular purposes or needs.
 This library is provided with all faults, and the entire
 risk of satisfactory quality, performance, accuracy, and
 effort is with the user.

libpng versions 0.97, January 1998, through 1.0.6, March 20, 2000, are
Copyright (c) 1998, 1999 Glenn Randers-Pehrson
Distributed according to the same disclaimer and license as libpng-0.96,
with the following individuals added to the list of Contributing Authors:

 Tom Lane
 Glenn Randers-Pehrson
 Willem van Schaik

libpng versions 0.89, June 1996, through 0.96, May 1997, are
Copyright (c) 1996, 1997 Andreas Dilger
Distributed according to the same disclaimer and license as libpng-0.88,
with the following individuals added to the list of Contributing Authors:

 John Bowler
 Kevin Bracey
 Sam Bushell
 Magnus Holmgren
 Greg Roelofs
 Tom Tanner

libpng versions 0.5, May 1995, through 0.88, January 1996, are
Copyright (c) 1995, 1996 Guy Eric Schalnat, Group 42, Inc.

For the purposes of this copyright and license, "Contributing Authors"
is defined as the following set of individuals:

 Andreas Dilger
 Dave Martindale
 Guy Eric Schalnat
 Paul Schmidt
 Tim Wegner

The PNG Reference Library is supplied "AS IS". The Contributing Authors
and Group 42, Inc. disclaim all warranties, expressed or implied,
including, without limitation, the warranties of merchantability and of
fitness for any purpose. The Contributing Authors and Group 42, Inc.
assume no liability for direct, indirect, incidental, special, exemplary,
or consequential damages, which may result from the use of the PNG
Reference Library, even if advised of the possibility of such damage.

Permission is hereby granted to use, copy, modify, and distribute this
source code, or portions hereof, for any purpose, without fee, subject
to the following restrictions:

1. The origin of this source code must not be misrepresented.

2. Altered versions must be plainly marked as such and
 must not be misrepresented as being the original source.

3. This Copyright notice may not be removed or altered from
 any source or altered source distribution.

The Contributing Authors and Group 42, Inc. specifically permit, without
fee, and encourage the use of this source code as a component to
supporting the PNG file format in commercial products. If you use this
source code in a product, acknowledgment is not required but would be
appreciated.


A "png_get_copyright" function is available, for convenient use in "about"
boxes and the like:

 printf("%s",png_get_copyright(NULL));

Also, the PNG logo (in PNG format, of course) is supplied in the
files "pngbar.png" and "pngbar.jpg (88x31) and "pngnow.png" (98x31).

Libpng is OSI Certified Open Source Software. OSI Certified Open Source is a
certification mark of the Open Source Initiative.

Glenn Randers-Pehrson
glennrp at users.sourceforge.net
July 9, 2011

 end of man page