1 .. _winvs: 2 3 ================================================================== 4 Getting Started with the LLVM System using Microsoft Visual Studio 5 ================================================================== 6 7 .. contents:: 8 :local: 9 10 11 Overview 12 ======== 13 Welcome to LLVM on Windows! This document only covers LLVM on Windows using 14 Visual Studio, not mingw or cygwin. In order to get started, you first need to 15 know some basic information. 16 17 There are many different projects that compose LLVM. The first is the LLVM 18 suite. This contains all of the tools, libraries, and header files needed to 19 use LLVM. It contains an assembler, disassembler, 20 bitcode analyzer and bitcode optimizer. It also contains a test suite that can 21 be used to test the LLVM tools. 22 23 Another useful project on Windows is `Clang <http://clang.llvm.org/>`_. 24 Clang is a C family ([Objective]C/C++) compiler. Clang mostly works on 25 Windows, but does not currently understand all of the Microsoft extensions 26 to C and C++. Because of this, clang cannot parse the C++ standard library 27 included with Visual Studio, nor parts of the Windows Platform SDK. However, 28 most standard C programs do compile. Clang can be used to emit bitcode, 29 directly emit object files or even linked executables using Visual Studio's 30 ``link.exe``. 31 32 The large LLVM test suite cannot be run on the Visual Studio port at this 33 time. 34 35 Most of the tools build and work. ``bugpoint`` does build, but does 36 not work. 37 38 Additional information about the LLVM directory structure and tool chain 39 can be found on the main `Getting Started <GettingStarted.html>`_ page. 40 41 42 Requirements 43 ============ 44 Before you begin to use the LLVM system, review the requirements given 45 below. This may save you some trouble by knowing ahead of time what hardware 46 and software you will need. 47 48 Hardware 49 -------- 50 Any system that can adequately run Visual Studio 2008 is fine. The LLVM 51 source tree and object files, libraries and executables will consume 52 approximately 3GB. 53 54 Software 55 -------- 56 You will need Visual Studio 2008 or higher. Earlier versions of Visual 57 Studio have bugs, are not completely compatible, or do not support the C++ 58 standard well enough. 59 60 You will also need the `CMake <http://www.cmake.org/>`_ build system since it 61 generates the project files you will use to build with. 62 63 If you would like to run the LLVM tests you will need `Python 64 <http://www.python.org/>`_. Versions 2.4-2.7 are known to work. You will need 65 `GnuWin32 <http://gnuwin32.sourceforge.net/>`_ tools, too. 66 67 Do not install the LLVM directory tree into a path containing spaces (e.g. 68 ``C:\Documents and Settings\...``) as the configure step will fail. 69 70 71 Getting Started 72 =============== 73 Here's the short story for getting up and running quickly with LLVM: 74 75 1. Read the documentation. 76 2. Seriously, read the documentation. 77 3. Remember that you were warned twice about reading the documentation. 78 4. Get the Source Code 79 80 * With the distributed files: 81 82 1. ``cd <where-you-want-llvm-to-live>`` 83 2. ``gunzip --stdout llvm-VERSION.tar.gz | tar -xvf -`` 84 (*or use WinZip*) 85 3. ``cd llvm`` 86 87 * With anonymous Subversion access: 88 89 1. ``cd <where-you-want-llvm-to-live>`` 90 2. ``svn co http://llvm.org/svn/llvm-project/llvm/trunk llvm`` 91 3. ``cd llvm`` 92 93 5. Use `CMake <http://www.cmake.org/>`_ to generate up-to-date project files: 94 95 * Once CMake is installed then the simplest way is to just start the 96 CMake GUI, select the directory where you have LLVM extracted to, and 97 the default options should all be fine. One option you may really 98 want to change, regardless of anything else, might be the 99 ``CMAKE_INSTALL_PREFIX`` setting to select a directory to INSTALL to 100 once compiling is complete, although installation is not mandatory for 101 using LLVM. Another important option is ``LLVM_TARGETS_TO_BUILD``, 102 which controls the LLVM target architectures that are included on the 103 build. 104 * See the `LLVM CMake guide <CMake.html>`_ for detailed information about 105 how to configure the LLVM build. 106 107 6. Start Visual Studio 108 109 * In the directory you created the project files will have an ``llvm.sln`` 110 file, just double-click on that to open Visual Studio. 111 112 7. Build the LLVM Suite: 113 114 * The projects may still be built individually, but to build them all do 115 not just select all of them in batch build (as some are meant as 116 configuration projects), but rather select and build just the 117 ``ALL_BUILD`` project to build everything, or the ``INSTALL`` project, 118 which first builds the ``ALL_BUILD`` project, then installs the LLVM 119 headers, libs, and other useful things to the directory set by the 120 ``CMAKE_INSTALL_PREFIX`` setting when you first configured CMake. 121 * The Fibonacci project is a sample program that uses the JIT. Modify the 122 project's debugging properties to provide a numeric command line argument 123 or run it from the command line. The program will print the 124 corresponding fibonacci value. 125 126 8. Test LLVM on Visual Studio: 127 128 * If ``%PATH%`` does not contain GnuWin32, you may specify 129 ``LLVM_LIT_TOOLS_DIR`` on CMake for the path to GnuWin32. 130 * You can run LLVM tests by merely building the project "check". The test 131 results will be shown in the VS output window. 132 133 .. FIXME: Is it up-to-date? 134 135 9. Test LLVM: 136 137 * The LLVM tests can be run by changing directory to the llvm source 138 directory and running: 139 140 .. code-block:: bat 141 142 C:\..\llvm> llvm-lit test 143 144 Note that quite a few of these test will fail. 145 146 A specific test or test directory can be run with: 147 148 .. code-block:: bat 149 150 C:\..\llvm> llvm-lit test/path/to/test 151 152 153 An Example Using the LLVM Tool Chain 154 ==================================== 155 156 1. First, create a simple C file, name it '``hello.c``': 157 158 .. code-block:: c 159 160 #include <stdio.h> 161 int main() { 162 printf("hello world\n"); 163 return 0; 164 } 165 166 2. Next, compile the C file into a LLVM bitcode file: 167 168 .. code-block:: bat 169 170 C:\..> clang -c hello.c -emit-llvm -o hello.bc 171 172 This will create the result file ``hello.bc`` which is the LLVM bitcode 173 that corresponds the compiled program and the library facilities that 174 it required. You can execute this file directly using ``lli`` tool, 175 compile it to native assembly with the ``llc``, optimize or analyze it 176 further with the ``opt`` tool, etc. 177 178 Alternatively you can directly output an executable with clang with: 179 180 .. code-block:: bat 181 182 C:\..> clang hello.c -o hello.exe 183 184 The ``-o hello.exe`` is required because clang currently outputs ``a.out`` 185 when neither ``-o`` nor ``-c`` are given. 186 187 3. Run the program using the just-in-time compiler: 188 189 .. code-block:: bat 190 191 C:\..> lli hello.bc 192 193 4. Use the ``llvm-dis`` utility to take a look at the LLVM assembly code: 194 195 .. code-block:: bat 196 197 C:\..> llvm-dis < hello.bc | more 198 199 5. Compile the program to object code using the LLC code generator: 200 201 .. code-block:: bat 202 203 C:\..> llc -filetype=obj hello.bc 204 205 6. Link to binary using Microsoft link: 206 207 .. code-block:: bat 208 209 C:\..> link hello.obj -defaultlib:libcmt 210 211 7. Execute the native code program: 212 213 .. code-block:: bat 214 215 C:\..> hello.exe 216 217 218 Common Problems 219 =============== 220 If you are having problems building or using LLVM, or if you have any other 221 general questions about LLVM, please consult the `Frequently Asked Questions 222 <FAQ.html>`_ page. 223 224 225 Links 226 ===== 227 This document is just an **introduction** to how to use LLVM to do some simple 228 things... there are many more interesting and complicated things that you can 229 do that aren't documented here (but we'll gladly accept a patch if you want to 230 write something up!). For more information about LLVM, check out: 231 232 * `LLVM homepage <http://llvm.org/>`_ 233 * `LLVM doxygen tree <http://llvm.org/doxygen/>`_ 234 235
