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      1 // Locale support -*- C++ -*-
      2 
      3 // Copyright (C) 1997, 1998, 1999, 2000, 2001, 2002, 2003, 2004, 2005,
      4 // 2006, 2007, 2008, 2009, 2010, 2011
      5 // Free Software Foundation, Inc.
      6 //
      7 // This file is part of the GNU ISO C++ Library.  This library is free
      8 // software; you can redistribute it and/or modify it under the
      9 // terms of the GNU General Public License as published by the
     10 // Free Software Foundation; either version 3, or (at your option)
     11 // any later version.
     12 
     13 // This library is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
     14 // but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
     15 // MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the
     16 // GNU General Public License for more details.
     17 
     18 // Under Section 7 of GPL version 3, you are granted additional
     19 // permissions described in the GCC Runtime Library Exception, version
     20 // 3.1, as published by the Free Software Foundation.
     21 
     22 // You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License and
     23 // a copy of the GCC Runtime Library Exception along with this program;
     24 // see the files COPYING3 and COPYING.RUNTIME respectively.  If not, see
     25 // <http://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
     26 
     27 /** @file bits/locale_facets.h
     28  *  This is an internal header file, included by other library headers.
     29  *  Do not attempt to use it directly. @headername{locale}
     30  */
     31 
     32 //
     33 // ISO C++ 14882: 22.1  Locales
     34 //
     35 
     36 #ifndef _LOCALE_FACETS_H
     37 #define _LOCALE_FACETS_H 1
     38 
     39 #pragma GCC system_header
     40 
     41 #include <cwctype>	// For wctype_t
     42 #include <cctype>
     43 #include <bits/ctype_base.h>
     44 #include <iosfwd>
     45 #include <bits/ios_base.h>  // For ios_base, ios_base::iostate
     46 #include <streambuf>
     47 #include <bits/cpp_type_traits.h>
     48 #include <ext/type_traits.h>
     49 #include <ext/numeric_traits.h>
     50 #include <bits/streambuf_iterator.h>
     51 
     52 namespace std _GLIBCXX_VISIBILITY(default)
     53 {
     54 _GLIBCXX_BEGIN_NAMESPACE_VERSION
     55 
     56   // NB: Don't instantiate required wchar_t facets if no wchar_t support.
     57 #ifdef _GLIBCXX_USE_WCHAR_T
     58 # define  _GLIBCXX_NUM_FACETS 28
     59 #else
     60 # define  _GLIBCXX_NUM_FACETS 14
     61 #endif
     62 
     63   // Convert string to numeric value of type _Tp and store results.
     64   // NB: This is specialized for all required types, there is no
     65   // generic definition.
     66   template<typename _Tp>
     67     void
     68     __convert_to_v(const char*, _Tp&, ios_base::iostate&,
     69 		   const __c_locale&) throw();
     70 
     71   // Explicit specializations for required types.
     72   template<>
     73     void
     74     __convert_to_v(const char*, float&, ios_base::iostate&,
     75 		   const __c_locale&) throw();
     76 
     77   template<>
     78     void
     79     __convert_to_v(const char*, double&, ios_base::iostate&,
     80 		   const __c_locale&) throw();
     81 
     82   template<>
     83     void
     84     __convert_to_v(const char*, long double&, ios_base::iostate&,
     85 		   const __c_locale&) throw();
     86 
     87   // NB: __pad is a struct, rather than a function, so it can be
     88   // partially-specialized.
     89   template<typename _CharT, typename _Traits>
     90     struct __pad
     91     {
     92       static void
     93       _S_pad(ios_base& __io, _CharT __fill, _CharT* __news,
     94 	     const _CharT* __olds, streamsize __newlen, streamsize __oldlen);
     95     };
     96 
     97   // Used by both numeric and monetary facets.
     98   // Inserts "group separator" characters into an array of characters.
     99   // It's recursive, one iteration per group.  It moves the characters
    100   // in the buffer this way: "xxxx12345" -> "12,345xxx".  Call this
    101   // only with __gsize != 0.
    102   template<typename _CharT>
    103     _CharT*
    104     __add_grouping(_CharT* __s, _CharT __sep,
    105 		   const char* __gbeg, size_t __gsize,
    106 		   const _CharT* __first, const _CharT* __last);
    107 
    108   // This template permits specializing facet output code for
    109   // ostreambuf_iterator.  For ostreambuf_iterator, sputn is
    110   // significantly more efficient than incrementing iterators.
    111   template<typename _CharT>
    112     inline
    113     ostreambuf_iterator<_CharT>
    114     __write(ostreambuf_iterator<_CharT> __s, const _CharT* __ws, int __len)
    115     {
    116       __s._M_put(__ws, __len);
    117       return __s;
    118     }
    119 
    120   // This is the unspecialized form of the template.
    121   template<typename _CharT, typename _OutIter>
    122     inline
    123     _OutIter
    124     __write(_OutIter __s, const _CharT* __ws, int __len)
    125     {
    126       for (int __j = 0; __j < __len; __j++, ++__s)
    127 	*__s = __ws[__j];
    128       return __s;
    129     }
    130 
    131 
    132   // 22.2.1.1  Template class ctype
    133   // Include host and configuration specific ctype enums for ctype_base.
    134 
    135   /**
    136    *  @brief  Common base for ctype facet
    137    *
    138    *  This template class provides implementations of the public functions
    139    *  that forward to the protected virtual functions.
    140    *
    141    *  This template also provides abstract stubs for the protected virtual
    142    *  functions.
    143   */
    144   template<typename _CharT>
    145     class __ctype_abstract_base : public locale::facet, public ctype_base
    146     {
    147     public:
    148       // Types:
    149       /// Typedef for the template parameter
    150       typedef _CharT char_type;
    151 
    152       /**
    153        *  @brief  Test char_type classification.
    154        *
    155        *  This function finds a mask M for @a __c and compares it to
    156        *  mask @a __m.  It does so by returning the value of
    157        *  ctype<char_type>::do_is().
    158        *
    159        *  @param __c  The char_type to compare the mask of.
    160        *  @param __m  The mask to compare against.
    161        *  @return  (M & __m) != 0.
    162       */
    163       bool
    164       is(mask __m, char_type __c) const
    165       { return this->do_is(__m, __c); }
    166 
    167       /**
    168        *  @brief  Return a mask array.
    169        *
    170        *  This function finds the mask for each char_type in the range [lo,hi)
    171        *  and successively writes it to vec.  vec must have as many elements
    172        *  as the char array.  It does so by returning the value of
    173        *  ctype<char_type>::do_is().
    174        *
    175        *  @param __lo  Pointer to start of range.
    176        *  @param __hi  Pointer to end of range.
    177        *  @param __vec  Pointer to an array of mask storage.
    178        *  @return  @a __hi.
    179       */
    180       const char_type*
    181       is(const char_type *__lo, const char_type *__hi, mask *__vec) const
    182       { return this->do_is(__lo, __hi, __vec); }
    183 
    184       /**
    185        *  @brief  Find char_type matching a mask
    186        *
    187        *  This function searches for and returns the first char_type c in
    188        *  [lo,hi) for which is(m,c) is true.  It does so by returning
    189        *  ctype<char_type>::do_scan_is().
    190        *
    191        *  @param __m  The mask to compare against.
    192        *  @param __lo  Pointer to start of range.
    193        *  @param __hi  Pointer to end of range.
    194        *  @return  Pointer to matching char_type if found, else @a __hi.
    195       */
    196       const char_type*
    197       scan_is(mask __m, const char_type* __lo, const char_type* __hi) const
    198       { return this->do_scan_is(__m, __lo, __hi); }
    199 
    200       /**
    201        *  @brief  Find char_type not matching a mask
    202        *
    203        *  This function searches for and returns the first char_type c in
    204        *  [lo,hi) for which is(m,c) is false.  It does so by returning
    205        *  ctype<char_type>::do_scan_not().
    206        *
    207        *  @param __m  The mask to compare against.
    208        *  @param __lo  Pointer to first char in range.
    209        *  @param __hi  Pointer to end of range.
    210        *  @return  Pointer to non-matching char if found, else @a __hi.
    211       */
    212       const char_type*
    213       scan_not(mask __m, const char_type* __lo, const char_type* __hi) const
    214       { return this->do_scan_not(__m, __lo, __hi); }
    215 
    216       /**
    217        *  @brief  Convert to uppercase.
    218        *
    219        *  This function converts the argument to uppercase if possible.
    220        *  If not possible (for example, '2'), returns the argument.  It does
    221        *  so by returning ctype<char_type>::do_toupper().
    222        *
    223        *  @param __c  The char_type to convert.
    224        *  @return  The uppercase char_type if convertible, else @a __c.
    225       */
    226       char_type
    227       toupper(char_type __c) const
    228       { return this->do_toupper(__c); }
    229 
    230       /**
    231        *  @brief  Convert array to uppercase.
    232        *
    233        *  This function converts each char_type in the range [lo,hi) to
    234        *  uppercase if possible.  Other elements remain untouched.  It does so
    235        *  by returning ctype<char_type>:: do_toupper(lo, hi).
    236        *
    237        *  @param __lo  Pointer to start of range.
    238        *  @param __hi  Pointer to end of range.
    239        *  @return  @a __hi.
    240       */
    241       const char_type*
    242       toupper(char_type *__lo, const char_type* __hi) const
    243       { return this->do_toupper(__lo, __hi); }
    244 
    245       /**
    246        *  @brief  Convert to lowercase.
    247        *
    248        *  This function converts the argument to lowercase if possible.  If
    249        *  not possible (for example, '2'), returns the argument.  It does so
    250        *  by returning ctype<char_type>::do_tolower(c).
    251        *
    252        *  @param __c  The char_type to convert.
    253        *  @return  The lowercase char_type if convertible, else @a __c.
    254       */
    255       char_type
    256       tolower(char_type __c) const
    257       { return this->do_tolower(__c); }
    258 
    259       /**
    260        *  @brief  Convert array to lowercase.
    261        *
    262        *  This function converts each char_type in the range [__lo,__hi) to
    263        *  lowercase if possible.  Other elements remain untouched.  It does so
    264        *  by returning ctype<char_type>:: do_tolower(__lo, __hi).
    265        *
    266        *  @param __lo  Pointer to start of range.
    267        *  @param __hi  Pointer to end of range.
    268        *  @return  @a __hi.
    269       */
    270       const char_type*
    271       tolower(char_type* __lo, const char_type* __hi) const
    272       { return this->do_tolower(__lo, __hi); }
    273 
    274       /**
    275        *  @brief  Widen char to char_type
    276        *
    277        *  This function converts the char argument to char_type using the
    278        *  simplest reasonable transformation.  It does so by returning
    279        *  ctype<char_type>::do_widen(c).
    280        *
    281        *  Note: this is not what you want for codepage conversions.  See
    282        *  codecvt for that.
    283        *
    284        *  @param __c  The char to convert.
    285        *  @return  The converted char_type.
    286       */
    287       char_type
    288       widen(char __c) const
    289       { return this->do_widen(__c); }
    290 
    291       /**
    292        *  @brief  Widen array to char_type
    293        *
    294        *  This function converts each char in the input to char_type using the
    295        *  simplest reasonable transformation.  It does so by returning
    296        *  ctype<char_type>::do_widen(c).
    297        *
    298        *  Note: this is not what you want for codepage conversions.  See
    299        *  codecvt for that.
    300        *
    301        *  @param __lo  Pointer to start of range.
    302        *  @param __hi  Pointer to end of range.
    303        *  @param __to  Pointer to the destination array.
    304        *  @return  @a __hi.
    305       */
    306       const char*
    307       widen(const char* __lo, const char* __hi, char_type* __to) const
    308       { return this->do_widen(__lo, __hi, __to); }
    309 
    310       /**
    311        *  @brief  Narrow char_type to char
    312        *
    313        *  This function converts the char_type to char using the simplest
    314        *  reasonable transformation.  If the conversion fails, dfault is
    315        *  returned instead.  It does so by returning
    316        *  ctype<char_type>::do_narrow(__c).
    317        *
    318        *  Note: this is not what you want for codepage conversions.  See
    319        *  codecvt for that.
    320        *
    321        *  @param __c  The char_type to convert.
    322        *  @param __dfault  Char to return if conversion fails.
    323        *  @return  The converted char.
    324       */
    325       char
    326       narrow(char_type __c, char __dfault) const
    327       { return this->do_narrow(__c, __dfault); }
    328 
    329       /**
    330        *  @brief  Narrow array to char array
    331        *
    332        *  This function converts each char_type in the input to char using the
    333        *  simplest reasonable transformation and writes the results to the
    334        *  destination array.  For any char_type in the input that cannot be
    335        *  converted, @a dfault is used instead.  It does so by returning
    336        *  ctype<char_type>::do_narrow(__lo, __hi, __dfault, __to).
    337        *
    338        *  Note: this is not what you want for codepage conversions.  See
    339        *  codecvt for that.
    340        *
    341        *  @param __lo  Pointer to start of range.
    342        *  @param __hi  Pointer to end of range.
    343        *  @param __dfault  Char to use if conversion fails.
    344        *  @param __to  Pointer to the destination array.
    345        *  @return  @a __hi.
    346       */
    347       const char_type*
    348       narrow(const char_type* __lo, const char_type* __hi,
    349 	      char __dfault, char* __to) const
    350       { return this->do_narrow(__lo, __hi, __dfault, __to); }
    351 
    352     protected:
    353       explicit
    354       __ctype_abstract_base(size_t __refs = 0): facet(__refs) { }
    355 
    356       virtual
    357       ~__ctype_abstract_base() { }
    358 
    359       /**
    360        *  @brief  Test char_type classification.
    361        *
    362        *  This function finds a mask M for @a c and compares it to mask @a m.
    363        *
    364        *  do_is() is a hook for a derived facet to change the behavior of
    365        *  classifying.  do_is() must always return the same result for the
    366        *  same input.
    367        *
    368        *  @param __c  The char_type to find the mask of.
    369        *  @param __m  The mask to compare against.
    370        *  @return  (M & __m) != 0.
    371       */
    372       virtual bool
    373       do_is(mask __m, char_type __c) const = 0;
    374 
    375       /**
    376        *  @brief  Return a mask array.
    377        *
    378        *  This function finds the mask for each char_type in the range [lo,hi)
    379        *  and successively writes it to vec.  vec must have as many elements
    380        *  as the input.
    381        *
    382        *  do_is() is a hook for a derived facet to change the behavior of
    383        *  classifying.  do_is() must always return the same result for the
    384        *  same input.
    385        *
    386        *  @param __lo  Pointer to start of range.
    387        *  @param __hi  Pointer to end of range.
    388        *  @param __vec  Pointer to an array of mask storage.
    389        *  @return  @a __hi.
    390       */
    391       virtual const char_type*
    392       do_is(const char_type* __lo, const char_type* __hi,
    393 	    mask* __vec) const = 0;
    394 
    395       /**
    396        *  @brief  Find char_type matching mask
    397        *
    398        *  This function searches for and returns the first char_type c in
    399        *  [__lo,__hi) for which is(__m,c) is true.
    400        *
    401        *  do_scan_is() is a hook for a derived facet to change the behavior of
    402        *  match searching.  do_is() must always return the same result for the
    403        *  same input.
    404        *
    405        *  @param __m  The mask to compare against.
    406        *  @param __lo  Pointer to start of range.
    407        *  @param __hi  Pointer to end of range.
    408        *  @return  Pointer to a matching char_type if found, else @a __hi.
    409       */
    410       virtual const char_type*
    411       do_scan_is(mask __m, const char_type* __lo,
    412 		 const char_type* __hi) const = 0;
    413 
    414       /**
    415        *  @brief  Find char_type not matching mask
    416        *
    417        *  This function searches for and returns a pointer to the first
    418        *  char_type c of [lo,hi) for which is(m,c) is false.
    419        *
    420        *  do_scan_is() is a hook for a derived facet to change the behavior of
    421        *  match searching.  do_is() must always return the same result for the
    422        *  same input.
    423        *
    424        *  @param __m  The mask to compare against.
    425        *  @param __lo  Pointer to start of range.
    426        *  @param __hi  Pointer to end of range.
    427        *  @return  Pointer to a non-matching char_type if found, else @a __hi.
    428       */
    429       virtual const char_type*
    430       do_scan_not(mask __m, const char_type* __lo,
    431 		  const char_type* __hi) const = 0;
    432 
    433       /**
    434        *  @brief  Convert to uppercase.
    435        *
    436        *  This virtual function converts the char_type argument to uppercase
    437        *  if possible.  If not possible (for example, '2'), returns the
    438        *  argument.
    439        *
    440        *  do_toupper() is a hook for a derived facet to change the behavior of
    441        *  uppercasing.  do_toupper() must always return the same result for
    442        *  the same input.
    443        *
    444        *  @param __c  The char_type to convert.
    445        *  @return  The uppercase char_type if convertible, else @a __c.
    446       */
    447       virtual char_type
    448       do_toupper(char_type __c) const = 0;
    449 
    450       /**
    451        *  @brief  Convert array to uppercase.
    452        *
    453        *  This virtual function converts each char_type in the range [__lo,__hi)
    454        *  to uppercase if possible.  Other elements remain untouched.
    455        *
    456        *  do_toupper() is a hook for a derived facet to change the behavior of
    457        *  uppercasing.  do_toupper() must always return the same result for
    458        *  the same input.
    459        *
    460        *  @param __lo  Pointer to start of range.
    461        *  @param __hi  Pointer to end of range.
    462        *  @return  @a __hi.
    463       */
    464       virtual const char_type*
    465       do_toupper(char_type* __lo, const char_type* __hi) const = 0;
    466 
    467       /**
    468        *  @brief  Convert to lowercase.
    469        *
    470        *  This virtual function converts the argument to lowercase if
    471        *  possible.  If not possible (for example, '2'), returns the argument.
    472        *
    473        *  do_tolower() is a hook for a derived facet to change the behavior of
    474        *  lowercasing.  do_tolower() must always return the same result for
    475        *  the same input.
    476        *
    477        *  @param __c  The char_type to convert.
    478        *  @return  The lowercase char_type if convertible, else @a __c.
    479       */
    480       virtual char_type
    481       do_tolower(char_type __c) const = 0;
    482 
    483       /**
    484        *  @brief  Convert array to lowercase.
    485        *
    486        *  This virtual function converts each char_type in the range [__lo,__hi)
    487        *  to lowercase if possible.  Other elements remain untouched.
    488        *
    489        *  do_tolower() is a hook for a derived facet to change the behavior of
    490        *  lowercasing.  do_tolower() must always return the same result for
    491        *  the same input.
    492        *
    493        *  @param __lo  Pointer to start of range.
    494        *  @param __hi  Pointer to end of range.
    495        *  @return  @a __hi.
    496       */
    497       virtual const char_type*
    498       do_tolower(char_type* __lo, const char_type* __hi) const = 0;
    499 
    500       /**
    501        *  @brief  Widen char
    502        *
    503        *  This virtual function converts the char to char_type using the
    504        *  simplest reasonable transformation.
    505        *
    506        *  do_widen() is a hook for a derived facet to change the behavior of
    507        *  widening.  do_widen() must always return the same result for the
    508        *  same input.
    509        *
    510        *  Note: this is not what you want for codepage conversions.  See
    511        *  codecvt for that.
    512        *
    513        *  @param __c  The char to convert.
    514        *  @return  The converted char_type
    515       */
    516       virtual char_type
    517       do_widen(char __c) const = 0;
    518 
    519       /**
    520        *  @brief  Widen char array
    521        *
    522        *  This function converts each char in the input to char_type using the
    523        *  simplest reasonable transformation.
    524        *
    525        *  do_widen() is a hook for a derived facet to change the behavior of
    526        *  widening.  do_widen() must always return the same result for the
    527        *  same input.
    528        *
    529        *  Note: this is not what you want for codepage conversions.  See
    530        *  codecvt for that.
    531        *
    532        *  @param __lo  Pointer to start range.
    533        *  @param __hi  Pointer to end of range.
    534        *  @param __to  Pointer to the destination array.
    535        *  @return  @a __hi.
    536       */
    537       virtual const char*
    538       do_widen(const char* __lo, const char* __hi, char_type* __to) const = 0;
    539 
    540       /**
    541        *  @brief  Narrow char_type to char
    542        *
    543        *  This virtual function converts the argument to char using the
    544        *  simplest reasonable transformation.  If the conversion fails, dfault
    545        *  is returned instead.
    546        *
    547        *  do_narrow() is a hook for a derived facet to change the behavior of
    548        *  narrowing.  do_narrow() must always return the same result for the
    549        *  same input.
    550        *
    551        *  Note: this is not what you want for codepage conversions.  See
    552        *  codecvt for that.
    553        *
    554        *  @param __c  The char_type to convert.
    555        *  @param __dfault  Char to return if conversion fails.
    556        *  @return  The converted char.
    557       */
    558       virtual char
    559       do_narrow(char_type __c, char __dfault) const = 0;
    560 
    561       /**
    562        *  @brief  Narrow char_type array to char
    563        *
    564        *  This virtual function converts each char_type in the range
    565        *  [__lo,__hi) to char using the simplest reasonable
    566        *  transformation and writes the results to the destination
    567        *  array.  For any element in the input that cannot be
    568        *  converted, @a __dfault is used instead.
    569        *
    570        *  do_narrow() is a hook for a derived facet to change the behavior of
    571        *  narrowing.  do_narrow() must always return the same result for the
    572        *  same input.
    573        *
    574        *  Note: this is not what you want for codepage conversions.  See
    575        *  codecvt for that.
    576        *
    577        *  @param __lo  Pointer to start of range.
    578        *  @param __hi  Pointer to end of range.
    579        *  @param __dfault  Char to use if conversion fails.
    580        *  @param __to  Pointer to the destination array.
    581        *  @return  @a __hi.
    582       */
    583       virtual const char_type*
    584       do_narrow(const char_type* __lo, const char_type* __hi,
    585 		char __dfault, char* __to) const = 0;
    586     };
    587 
    588   /**
    589    *  @brief  Primary class template ctype facet.
    590    *  @ingroup locales
    591    *
    592    *  This template class defines classification and conversion functions for
    593    *  character sets.  It wraps cctype functionality.  Ctype gets used by
    594    *  streams for many I/O operations.
    595    *
    596    *  This template provides the protected virtual functions the developer
    597    *  will have to replace in a derived class or specialization to make a
    598    *  working facet.  The public functions that access them are defined in
    599    *  __ctype_abstract_base, to allow for implementation flexibility.  See
    600    *  ctype<wchar_t> for an example.  The functions are documented in
    601    *  __ctype_abstract_base.
    602    *
    603    *  Note: implementations are provided for all the protected virtual
    604    *  functions, but will likely not be useful.
    605   */
    606   template<typename _CharT>
    607     class ctype : public __ctype_abstract_base<_CharT>
    608     {
    609     public:
    610       // Types:
    611       typedef _CharT			char_type;
    612       typedef typename __ctype_abstract_base<_CharT>::mask mask;
    613 
    614       /// The facet id for ctype<char_type>
    615       static locale::id			id;
    616 
    617       explicit
    618       ctype(size_t __refs = 0) : __ctype_abstract_base<_CharT>(__refs) { }
    619 
    620    protected:
    621       virtual
    622       ~ctype();
    623 
    624       virtual bool
    625       do_is(mask __m, char_type __c) const;
    626 
    627       virtual const char_type*
    628       do_is(const char_type* __lo, const char_type* __hi, mask* __vec) const;
    629 
    630       virtual const char_type*
    631       do_scan_is(mask __m, const char_type* __lo, const char_type* __hi) const;
    632 
    633       virtual const char_type*
    634       do_scan_not(mask __m, const char_type* __lo,
    635 		  const char_type* __hi) const;
    636 
    637       virtual char_type
    638       do_toupper(char_type __c) const;
    639 
    640       virtual const char_type*
    641       do_toupper(char_type* __lo, const char_type* __hi) const;
    642 
    643       virtual char_type
    644       do_tolower(char_type __c) const;
    645 
    646       virtual const char_type*
    647       do_tolower(char_type* __lo, const char_type* __hi) const;
    648 
    649       virtual char_type
    650       do_widen(char __c) const;
    651 
    652       virtual const char*
    653       do_widen(const char* __lo, const char* __hi, char_type* __dest) const;
    654 
    655       virtual char
    656       do_narrow(char_type, char __dfault) const;
    657 
    658       virtual const char_type*
    659       do_narrow(const char_type* __lo, const char_type* __hi,
    660 		char __dfault, char* __to) const;
    661     };
    662 
    663   template<typename _CharT>
    664     locale::id ctype<_CharT>::id;
    665 
    666   /**
    667    *  @brief  The ctype<char> specialization.
    668    *  @ingroup locales
    669    *
    670    *  This class defines classification and conversion functions for
    671    *  the char type.  It gets used by char streams for many I/O
    672    *  operations.  The char specialization provides a number of
    673    *  optimizations as well.
    674   */
    675   template<>
    676     class ctype<char> : public locale::facet, public ctype_base
    677     {
    678     public:
    679       // Types:
    680       /// Typedef for the template parameter char.
    681       typedef char		char_type;
    682 
    683     protected:
    684       // Data Members:
    685       __c_locale		_M_c_locale_ctype;
    686       bool			_M_del;
    687       __to_type			_M_toupper;
    688       __to_type			_M_tolower;
    689       const mask*		_M_table;
    690       mutable char		_M_widen_ok;
    691       mutable char		_M_widen[1 + static_cast<unsigned char>(-1)];
    692       mutable char		_M_narrow[1 + static_cast<unsigned char>(-1)];
    693       mutable char		_M_narrow_ok;	// 0 uninitialized, 1 init,
    694 						// 2 memcpy can't be used
    695 
    696     public:
    697       /// The facet id for ctype<char>
    698       static locale::id        id;
    699       /// The size of the mask table.  It is SCHAR_MAX + 1.
    700       static const size_t      table_size = 1 + static_cast<unsigned char>(-1);
    701 
    702       /**
    703        *  @brief  Constructor performs initialization.
    704        *
    705        *  This is the constructor provided by the standard.
    706        *
    707        *  @param __table If non-zero, table is used as the per-char mask.
    708        *               Else classic_table() is used.
    709        *  @param __del   If true, passes ownership of table to this facet.
    710        *  @param __refs  Passed to the base facet class.
    711       */
    712       explicit
    713       ctype(const mask* __table = 0, bool __del = false, size_t __refs = 0);
    714 
    715       /**
    716        *  @brief  Constructor performs static initialization.
    717        *
    718        *  This constructor is used to construct the initial C locale facet.
    719        *
    720        *  @param __cloc  Handle to C locale data.
    721        *  @param __table If non-zero, table is used as the per-char mask.
    722        *  @param __del   If true, passes ownership of table to this facet.
    723        *  @param __refs  Passed to the base facet class.
    724       */
    725       explicit
    726       ctype(__c_locale __cloc, const mask* __table = 0, bool __del = false,
    727 	    size_t __refs = 0);
    728 
    729       /**
    730        *  @brief  Test char classification.
    731        *
    732        *  This function compares the mask table[c] to @a __m.
    733        *
    734        *  @param __c  The char to compare the mask of.
    735        *  @param __m  The mask to compare against.
    736        *  @return  True if __m & table[__c] is true, false otherwise.
    737       */
    738       inline bool
    739       is(mask __m, char __c) const;
    740 
    741       /**
    742        *  @brief  Return a mask array.
    743        *
    744        *  This function finds the mask for each char in the range [lo, hi) and
    745        *  successively writes it to vec.  vec must have as many elements as
    746        *  the char array.
    747        *
    748        *  @param __lo  Pointer to start of range.
    749        *  @param __hi  Pointer to end of range.
    750        *  @param __vec  Pointer to an array of mask storage.
    751        *  @return  @a __hi.
    752       */
    753       inline const char*
    754       is(const char* __lo, const char* __hi, mask* __vec) const;
    755 
    756       /**
    757        *  @brief  Find char matching a mask
    758        *
    759        *  This function searches for and returns the first char in [lo,hi) for
    760        *  which is(m,char) is true.
    761        *
    762        *  @param __m  The mask to compare against.
    763        *  @param __lo  Pointer to start of range.
    764        *  @param __hi  Pointer to end of range.
    765        *  @return  Pointer to a matching char if found, else @a __hi.
    766       */
    767       inline const char*
    768       scan_is(mask __m, const char* __lo, const char* __hi) const;
    769 
    770       /**
    771        *  @brief  Find char not matching a mask
    772        *
    773        *  This function searches for and returns a pointer to the first char
    774        *  in [__lo,__hi) for which is(m,char) is false.
    775        *
    776        *  @param __m  The mask to compare against.
    777        *  @param __lo  Pointer to start of range.
    778        *  @param __hi  Pointer to end of range.
    779        *  @return  Pointer to a non-matching char if found, else @a __hi.
    780       */
    781       inline const char*
    782       scan_not(mask __m, const char* __lo, const char* __hi) const;
    783 
    784       /**
    785        *  @brief  Convert to uppercase.
    786        *
    787        *  This function converts the char argument to uppercase if possible.
    788        *  If not possible (for example, '2'), returns the argument.
    789        *
    790        *  toupper() acts as if it returns ctype<char>::do_toupper(c).
    791        *  do_toupper() must always return the same result for the same input.
    792        *
    793        *  @param __c  The char to convert.
    794        *  @return  The uppercase char if convertible, else @a __c.
    795       */
    796       char_type
    797       toupper(char_type __c) const
    798       { return this->do_toupper(__c); }
    799 
    800       /**
    801        *  @brief  Convert array to uppercase.
    802        *
    803        *  This function converts each char in the range [__lo,__hi) to uppercase
    804        *  if possible.  Other chars remain untouched.
    805        *
    806        *  toupper() acts as if it returns ctype<char>:: do_toupper(__lo, __hi).
    807        *  do_toupper() must always return the same result for the same input.
    808        *
    809        *  @param __lo  Pointer to first char in range.
    810        *  @param __hi  Pointer to end of range.
    811        *  @return  @a __hi.
    812       */
    813       const char_type*
    814       toupper(char_type *__lo, const char_type* __hi) const
    815       { return this->do_toupper(__lo, __hi); }
    816 
    817       /**
    818        *  @brief  Convert to lowercase.
    819        *
    820        *  This function converts the char argument to lowercase if possible.
    821        *  If not possible (for example, '2'), returns the argument.
    822        *
    823        *  tolower() acts as if it returns ctype<char>::do_tolower(__c).
    824        *  do_tolower() must always return the same result for the same input.
    825        *
    826        *  @param __c  The char to convert.
    827        *  @return  The lowercase char if convertible, else @a __c.
    828       */
    829       char_type
    830       tolower(char_type __c) const
    831       { return this->do_tolower(__c); }
    832 
    833       /**
    834        *  @brief  Convert array to lowercase.
    835        *
    836        *  This function converts each char in the range [lo,hi) to lowercase
    837        *  if possible.  Other chars remain untouched.
    838        *
    839        *  tolower() acts as if it returns ctype<char>:: do_tolower(__lo, __hi).
    840        *  do_tolower() must always return the same result for the same input.
    841        *
    842        *  @param __lo  Pointer to first char in range.
    843        *  @param __hi  Pointer to end of range.
    844        *  @return  @a __hi.
    845       */
    846       const char_type*
    847       tolower(char_type* __lo, const char_type* __hi) const
    848       { return this->do_tolower(__lo, __hi); }
    849 
    850       /**
    851        *  @brief  Widen char
    852        *
    853        *  This function converts the char to char_type using the simplest
    854        *  reasonable transformation.  For an underived ctype<char> facet, the
    855        *  argument will be returned unchanged.
    856        *
    857        *  This function works as if it returns ctype<char>::do_widen(c).
    858        *  do_widen() must always return the same result for the same input.
    859        *
    860        *  Note: this is not what you want for codepage conversions.  See
    861        *  codecvt for that.
    862        *
    863        *  @param __c  The char to convert.
    864        *  @return  The converted character.
    865       */
    866       char_type
    867       widen(char __c) const
    868       {
    869 	if (_M_widen_ok)
    870 	  return _M_widen[static_cast<unsigned char>(__c)];
    871 	this->_M_widen_init();
    872 	return this->do_widen(__c);
    873       }
    874 
    875       /**
    876        *  @brief  Widen char array
    877        *
    878        *  This function converts each char in the input to char using the
    879        *  simplest reasonable transformation.  For an underived ctype<char>
    880        *  facet, the argument will be copied unchanged.
    881        *
    882        *  This function works as if it returns ctype<char>::do_widen(c).
    883        *  do_widen() must always return the same result for the same input.
    884        *
    885        *  Note: this is not what you want for codepage conversions.  See
    886        *  codecvt for that.
    887        *
    888        *  @param __lo  Pointer to first char in range.
    889        *  @param __hi  Pointer to end of range.
    890        *  @param __to  Pointer to the destination array.
    891        *  @return  @a __hi.
    892       */
    893       const char*
    894       widen(const char* __lo, const char* __hi, char_type* __to) const
    895       {
    896 	if (_M_widen_ok == 1)
    897 	  {
    898 	    __builtin_memcpy(__to, __lo, __hi - __lo);
    899 	    return __hi;
    900 	  }
    901 	if (!_M_widen_ok)
    902 	  _M_widen_init();
    903 	return this->do_widen(__lo, __hi, __to);
    904       }
    905 
    906       /**
    907        *  @brief  Narrow char
    908        *
    909        *  This function converts the char to char using the simplest
    910        *  reasonable transformation.  If the conversion fails, dfault is
    911        *  returned instead.  For an underived ctype<char> facet, @a c
    912        *  will be returned unchanged.
    913        *
    914        *  This function works as if it returns ctype<char>::do_narrow(c).
    915        *  do_narrow() must always return the same result for the same input.
    916        *
    917        *  Note: this is not what you want for codepage conversions.  See
    918        *  codecvt for that.
    919        *
    920        *  @param __c  The char to convert.
    921        *  @param __dfault  Char to return if conversion fails.
    922        *  @return  The converted character.
    923       */
    924       char
    925       narrow(char_type __c, char __dfault) const
    926       {
    927 	if (_M_narrow[static_cast<unsigned char>(__c)])
    928 	  return _M_narrow[static_cast<unsigned char>(__c)];
    929 	const char __t = do_narrow(__c, __dfault);
    930 	if (__t != __dfault)
    931 	  _M_narrow[static_cast<unsigned char>(__c)] = __t;
    932 	return __t;
    933       }
    934 
    935       /**
    936        *  @brief  Narrow char array
    937        *
    938        *  This function converts each char in the input to char using the
    939        *  simplest reasonable transformation and writes the results to the
    940        *  destination array.  For any char in the input that cannot be
    941        *  converted, @a dfault is used instead.  For an underived ctype<char>
    942        *  facet, the argument will be copied unchanged.
    943        *
    944        *  This function works as if it returns ctype<char>::do_narrow(lo, hi,
    945        *  dfault, to).  do_narrow() must always return the same result for the
    946        *  same input.
    947        *
    948        *  Note: this is not what you want for codepage conversions.  See
    949        *  codecvt for that.
    950        *
    951        *  @param __lo  Pointer to start of range.
    952        *  @param __hi  Pointer to end of range.
    953        *  @param __dfault  Char to use if conversion fails.
    954        *  @param __to  Pointer to the destination array.
    955        *  @return  @a __hi.
    956       */
    957       const char_type*
    958       narrow(const char_type* __lo, const char_type* __hi,
    959 	     char __dfault, char* __to) const
    960       {
    961 	if (__builtin_expect(_M_narrow_ok == 1, true))
    962 	  {
    963 	    __builtin_memcpy(__to, __lo, __hi - __lo);
    964 	    return __hi;
    965 	  }
    966 	if (!_M_narrow_ok)
    967 	  _M_narrow_init();
    968 	return this->do_narrow(__lo, __hi, __dfault, __to);
    969       }
    970 
    971       // _GLIBCXX_RESOLVE_LIB_DEFECTS
    972       // DR 695. ctype<char>::classic_table() not accessible.
    973       /// Returns a pointer to the mask table provided to the constructor, or
    974       /// the default from classic_table() if none was provided.
    975       const mask*
    976       table() const throw()
    977       { return _M_table; }
    978 
    979       /// Returns a pointer to the C locale mask table.
    980       static const mask*
    981       classic_table() throw();
    982     protected:
    983 
    984       /**
    985        *  @brief  Destructor.
    986        *
    987        *  This function deletes table() if @a del was true in the
    988        *  constructor.
    989       */
    990       virtual
    991       ~ctype();
    992 
    993       /**
    994        *  @brief  Convert to uppercase.
    995        *
    996        *  This virtual function converts the char argument to uppercase if
    997        *  possible.  If not possible (for example, '2'), returns the argument.
    998        *
    999        *  do_toupper() is a hook for a derived facet to change the behavior of
   1000        *  uppercasing.  do_toupper() must always return the same result for
   1001        *  the same input.
   1002        *
   1003        *  @param __c  The char to convert.
   1004        *  @return  The uppercase char if convertible, else @a __c.
   1005       */
   1006       virtual char_type
   1007       do_toupper(char_type __c) const;
   1008 
   1009       /**
   1010        *  @brief  Convert array to uppercase.
   1011        *
   1012        *  This virtual function converts each char in the range [lo,hi) to
   1013        *  uppercase if possible.  Other chars remain untouched.
   1014        *
   1015        *  do_toupper() is a hook for a derived facet to change the behavior of
   1016        *  uppercasing.  do_toupper() must always return the same result for
   1017        *  the same input.
   1018        *
   1019        *  @param __lo  Pointer to start of range.
   1020        *  @param __hi  Pointer to end of range.
   1021        *  @return  @a __hi.
   1022       */
   1023       virtual const char_type*
   1024       do_toupper(char_type* __lo, const char_type* __hi) const;
   1025 
   1026       /**
   1027        *  @brief  Convert to lowercase.
   1028        *
   1029        *  This virtual function converts the char argument to lowercase if
   1030        *  possible.  If not possible (for example, '2'), returns the argument.
   1031        *
   1032        *  do_tolower() is a hook for a derived facet to change the behavior of
   1033        *  lowercasing.  do_tolower() must always return the same result for
   1034        *  the same input.
   1035        *
   1036        *  @param __c  The char to convert.
   1037        *  @return  The lowercase char if convertible, else @a __c.
   1038       */
   1039       virtual char_type
   1040       do_tolower(char_type __c) const;
   1041 
   1042       /**
   1043        *  @brief  Convert array to lowercase.
   1044        *
   1045        *  This virtual function converts each char in the range [lo,hi) to
   1046        *  lowercase if possible.  Other chars remain untouched.
   1047        *
   1048        *  do_tolower() is a hook for a derived facet to change the behavior of
   1049        *  lowercasing.  do_tolower() must always return the same result for
   1050        *  the same input.
   1051        *
   1052        *  @param __lo  Pointer to first char in range.
   1053        *  @param __hi  Pointer to end of range.
   1054        *  @return  @a __hi.
   1055       */
   1056       virtual const char_type*
   1057       do_tolower(char_type* __lo, const char_type* __hi) const;
   1058 
   1059       /**
   1060        *  @brief  Widen char
   1061        *
   1062        *  This virtual function converts the char to char using the simplest
   1063        *  reasonable transformation.  For an underived ctype<char> facet, the
   1064        *  argument will be returned unchanged.
   1065        *
   1066        *  do_widen() is a hook for a derived facet to change the behavior of
   1067        *  widening.  do_widen() must always return the same result for the
   1068        *  same input.
   1069        *
   1070        *  Note: this is not what you want for codepage conversions.  See
   1071        *  codecvt for that.
   1072        *
   1073        *  @param __c  The char to convert.
   1074        *  @return  The converted character.
   1075       */
   1076       virtual char_type
   1077       do_widen(char __c) const
   1078       { return __c; }
   1079 
   1080       /**
   1081        *  @brief  Widen char array
   1082        *
   1083        *  This function converts each char in the range [lo,hi) to char using
   1084        *  the simplest reasonable transformation.  For an underived
   1085        *  ctype<char> facet, the argument will be copied unchanged.
   1086        *
   1087        *  do_widen() is a hook for a derived facet to change the behavior of
   1088        *  widening.  do_widen() must always return the same result for the
   1089        *  same input.
   1090        *
   1091        *  Note: this is not what you want for codepage conversions.  See
   1092        *  codecvt for that.
   1093        *
   1094        *  @param __lo  Pointer to start of range.
   1095        *  @param __hi  Pointer to end of range.
   1096        *  @param __to  Pointer to the destination array.
   1097        *  @return  @a __hi.
   1098       */
   1099       virtual const char*
   1100       do_widen(const char* __lo, const char* __hi, char_type* __to) const
   1101       {
   1102 	__builtin_memcpy(__to, __lo, __hi - __lo);
   1103 	return __hi;
   1104       }
   1105 
   1106       /**
   1107        *  @brief  Narrow char
   1108        *
   1109        *  This virtual function converts the char to char using the simplest
   1110        *  reasonable transformation.  If the conversion fails, dfault is
   1111        *  returned instead.  For an underived ctype<char> facet, @a c will be
   1112        *  returned unchanged.
   1113        *
   1114        *  do_narrow() is a hook for a derived facet to change the behavior of
   1115        *  narrowing.  do_narrow() must always return the same result for the
   1116        *  same input.
   1117        *
   1118        *  Note: this is not what you want for codepage conversions.  See
   1119        *  codecvt for that.
   1120        *
   1121        *  @param __c  The char to convert.
   1122        *  @param __dfault  Char to return if conversion fails.
   1123        *  @return  The converted char.
   1124       */
   1125       virtual char
   1126       do_narrow(char_type __c, char __dfault) const
   1127       { return __c; }
   1128 
   1129       /**
   1130        *  @brief  Narrow char array to char array
   1131        *
   1132        *  This virtual function converts each char in the range [lo,hi) to
   1133        *  char using the simplest reasonable transformation and writes the
   1134        *  results to the destination array.  For any char in the input that
   1135        *  cannot be converted, @a dfault is used instead.  For an underived
   1136        *  ctype<char> facet, the argument will be copied unchanged.
   1137        *
   1138        *  do_narrow() is a hook for a derived facet to change the behavior of
   1139        *  narrowing.  do_narrow() must always return the same result for the
   1140        *  same input.
   1141        *
   1142        *  Note: this is not what you want for codepage conversions.  See
   1143        *  codecvt for that.
   1144        *
   1145        *  @param __lo  Pointer to start of range.
   1146        *  @param __hi  Pointer to end of range.
   1147        *  @param __dfault  Char to use if conversion fails.
   1148        *  @param __to  Pointer to the destination array.
   1149        *  @return  @a __hi.
   1150       */
   1151       virtual const char_type*
   1152       do_narrow(const char_type* __lo, const char_type* __hi,
   1153 		char __dfault, char* __to) const
   1154       {
   1155 	__builtin_memcpy(__to, __lo, __hi - __lo);
   1156 	return __hi;
   1157       }
   1158 
   1159     private:
   1160       void _M_narrow_init() const;
   1161       void _M_widen_init() const;
   1162     };
   1163 
   1164 #ifdef _GLIBCXX_USE_WCHAR_T
   1165   /**
   1166    *  @brief  The ctype<wchar_t> specialization.
   1167    *  @ingroup locales
   1168    *
   1169    *  This class defines classification and conversion functions for the
   1170    *  wchar_t type.  It gets used by wchar_t streams for many I/O operations.
   1171    *  The wchar_t specialization provides a number of optimizations as well.
   1172    *
   1173    *  ctype<wchar_t> inherits its public methods from
   1174    *  __ctype_abstract_base<wchar_t>.
   1175   */
   1176   template<>
   1177     class ctype<wchar_t> : public __ctype_abstract_base<wchar_t>
   1178     {
   1179     public:
   1180       // Types:
   1181       /// Typedef for the template parameter wchar_t.
   1182       typedef wchar_t		char_type;
   1183       typedef wctype_t		__wmask_type;
   1184 
   1185     protected:
   1186       __c_locale		_M_c_locale_ctype;
   1187 
   1188       // Pre-computed narrowed and widened chars.
   1189       bool                      _M_narrow_ok;
   1190       char                      _M_narrow[128];
   1191       wint_t                    _M_widen[1 + static_cast<unsigned char>(-1)];
   1192 
   1193       // Pre-computed elements for do_is.
   1194       mask                      _M_bit[16];
   1195       __wmask_type              _M_wmask[16];
   1196 
   1197     public:
   1198       // Data Members:
   1199       /// The facet id for ctype<wchar_t>
   1200       static locale::id		id;
   1201 
   1202       /**
   1203        *  @brief  Constructor performs initialization.
   1204        *
   1205        *  This is the constructor provided by the standard.
   1206        *
   1207        *  @param __refs  Passed to the base facet class.
   1208       */
   1209       explicit
   1210       ctype(size_t __refs = 0);
   1211 
   1212       /**
   1213        *  @brief  Constructor performs static initialization.
   1214        *
   1215        *  This constructor is used to construct the initial C locale facet.
   1216        *
   1217        *  @param __cloc  Handle to C locale data.
   1218        *  @param __refs  Passed to the base facet class.
   1219       */
   1220       explicit
   1221       ctype(__c_locale __cloc, size_t __refs = 0);
   1222 
   1223     protected:
   1224       __wmask_type
   1225       _M_convert_to_wmask(const mask __m) const throw();
   1226 
   1227       /// Destructor
   1228       virtual
   1229       ~ctype();
   1230 
   1231       /**
   1232        *  @brief  Test wchar_t classification.
   1233        *
   1234        *  This function finds a mask M for @a c and compares it to mask @a m.
   1235        *
   1236        *  do_is() is a hook for a derived facet to change the behavior of
   1237        *  classifying.  do_is() must always return the same result for the
   1238        *  same input.
   1239        *
   1240        *  @param __c  The wchar_t to find the mask of.
   1241        *  @param __m  The mask to compare against.
   1242        *  @return  (M & __m) != 0.
   1243       */
   1244       virtual bool
   1245       do_is(mask __m, char_type __c) const;
   1246 
   1247       /**
   1248        *  @brief  Return a mask array.
   1249        *
   1250        *  This function finds the mask for each wchar_t in the range [lo,hi)
   1251        *  and successively writes it to vec.  vec must have as many elements
   1252        *  as the input.
   1253        *
   1254        *  do_is() is a hook for a derived facet to change the behavior of
   1255        *  classifying.  do_is() must always return the same result for the
   1256        *  same input.
   1257        *
   1258        *  @param __lo  Pointer to start of range.
   1259        *  @param __hi  Pointer to end of range.
   1260        *  @param __vec  Pointer to an array of mask storage.
   1261        *  @return  @a __hi.
   1262       */
   1263       virtual const char_type*
   1264       do_is(const char_type* __lo, const char_type* __hi, mask* __vec) const;
   1265 
   1266       /**
   1267        *  @brief  Find wchar_t matching mask
   1268        *
   1269        *  This function searches for and returns the first wchar_t c in
   1270        *  [__lo,__hi) for which is(__m,c) is true.
   1271        *
   1272        *  do_scan_is() is a hook for a derived facet to change the behavior of
   1273        *  match searching.  do_is() must always return the same result for the
   1274        *  same input.
   1275        *
   1276        *  @param __m  The mask to compare against.
   1277        *  @param __lo  Pointer to start of range.
   1278        *  @param __hi  Pointer to end of range.
   1279        *  @return  Pointer to a matching wchar_t if found, else @a __hi.
   1280       */
   1281       virtual const char_type*
   1282       do_scan_is(mask __m, const char_type* __lo, const char_type* __hi) const;
   1283 
   1284       /**
   1285        *  @brief  Find wchar_t not matching mask
   1286        *
   1287        *  This function searches for and returns a pointer to the first
   1288        *  wchar_t c of [__lo,__hi) for which is(__m,c) is false.
   1289        *
   1290        *  do_scan_is() is a hook for a derived facet to change the behavior of
   1291        *  match searching.  do_is() must always return the same result for the
   1292        *  same input.
   1293        *
   1294        *  @param __m  The mask to compare against.
   1295        *  @param __lo  Pointer to start of range.
   1296        *  @param __hi  Pointer to end of range.
   1297        *  @return  Pointer to a non-matching wchar_t if found, else @a __hi.
   1298       */
   1299       virtual const char_type*
   1300       do_scan_not(mask __m, const char_type* __lo,
   1301 		  const char_type* __hi) const;
   1302 
   1303       /**
   1304        *  @brief  Convert to uppercase.
   1305        *
   1306        *  This virtual function converts the wchar_t argument to uppercase if
   1307        *  possible.  If not possible (for example, '2'), returns the argument.
   1308        *
   1309        *  do_toupper() is a hook for a derived facet to change the behavior of
   1310        *  uppercasing.  do_toupper() must always return the same result for
   1311        *  the same input.
   1312        *
   1313        *  @param __c  The wchar_t to convert.
   1314        *  @return  The uppercase wchar_t if convertible, else @a __c.
   1315       */
   1316       virtual char_type
   1317       do_toupper(char_type __c) const;
   1318 
   1319       /**
   1320        *  @brief  Convert array to uppercase.
   1321        *
   1322        *  This virtual function converts each wchar_t in the range [lo,hi) to
   1323        *  uppercase if possible.  Other elements remain untouched.
   1324        *
   1325        *  do_toupper() is a hook for a derived facet to change the behavior of
   1326        *  uppercasing.  do_toupper() must always return the same result for
   1327        *  the same input.
   1328        *
   1329        *  @param __lo  Pointer to start of range.
   1330        *  @param __hi  Pointer to end of range.
   1331        *  @return  @a __hi.
   1332       */
   1333       virtual const char_type*
   1334       do_toupper(char_type* __lo, const char_type* __hi) const;
   1335 
   1336       /**
   1337        *  @brief  Convert to lowercase.
   1338        *
   1339        *  This virtual function converts the argument to lowercase if
   1340        *  possible.  If not possible (for example, '2'), returns the argument.
   1341        *
   1342        *  do_tolower() is a hook for a derived facet to change the behavior of
   1343        *  lowercasing.  do_tolower() must always return the same result for
   1344        *  the same input.
   1345        *
   1346        *  @param __c  The wchar_t to convert.
   1347        *  @return  The lowercase wchar_t if convertible, else @a __c.
   1348       */
   1349       virtual char_type
   1350       do_tolower(char_type __c) const;
   1351 
   1352       /**
   1353        *  @brief  Convert array to lowercase.
   1354        *
   1355        *  This virtual function converts each wchar_t in the range [lo,hi) to
   1356        *  lowercase if possible.  Other elements remain untouched.
   1357        *
   1358        *  do_tolower() is a hook for a derived facet to change the behavior of
   1359        *  lowercasing.  do_tolower() must always return the same result for
   1360        *  the same input.
   1361        *
   1362        *  @param __lo  Pointer to start of range.
   1363        *  @param __hi  Pointer to end of range.
   1364        *  @return  @a __hi.
   1365       */
   1366       virtual const char_type*
   1367       do_tolower(char_type* __lo, const char_type* __hi) const;
   1368 
   1369       /**
   1370        *  @brief  Widen char to wchar_t
   1371        *
   1372        *  This virtual function converts the char to wchar_t using the
   1373        *  simplest reasonable transformation.  For an underived ctype<wchar_t>
   1374        *  facet, the argument will be cast to wchar_t.
   1375        *
   1376        *  do_widen() is a hook for a derived facet to change the behavior of
   1377        *  widening.  do_widen() must always return the same result for the
   1378        *  same input.
   1379        *
   1380        *  Note: this is not what you want for codepage conversions.  See
   1381        *  codecvt for that.
   1382        *
   1383        *  @param __c  The char to convert.
   1384        *  @return  The converted wchar_t.
   1385       */
   1386       virtual char_type
   1387       do_widen(char __c) const;
   1388 
   1389       /**
   1390        *  @brief  Widen char array to wchar_t array
   1391        *
   1392        *  This function converts each char in the input to wchar_t using the
   1393        *  simplest reasonable transformation.  For an underived ctype<wchar_t>
   1394        *  facet, the argument will be copied, casting each element to wchar_t.
   1395        *
   1396        *  do_widen() is a hook for a derived facet to change the behavior of
   1397        *  widening.  do_widen() must always return the same result for the
   1398        *  same input.
   1399        *
   1400        *  Note: this is not what you want for codepage conversions.  See
   1401        *  codecvt for that.
   1402        *
   1403        *  @param __lo  Pointer to start range.
   1404        *  @param __hi  Pointer to end of range.
   1405        *  @param __to  Pointer to the destination array.
   1406        *  @return  @a __hi.
   1407       */
   1408       virtual const char*
   1409       do_widen(const char* __lo, const char* __hi, char_type* __to) const;
   1410 
   1411       /**
   1412        *  @brief  Narrow wchar_t to char
   1413        *
   1414        *  This virtual function converts the argument to char using
   1415        *  the simplest reasonable transformation.  If the conversion
   1416        *  fails, dfault is returned instead.  For an underived
   1417        *  ctype<wchar_t> facet, @a c will be cast to char and
   1418        *  returned.
   1419        *
   1420        *  do_narrow() is a hook for a derived facet to change the
   1421        *  behavior of narrowing.  do_narrow() must always return the
   1422        *  same result for the same input.
   1423        *
   1424        *  Note: this is not what you want for codepage conversions.  See
   1425        *  codecvt for that.
   1426        *
   1427        *  @param __c  The wchar_t to convert.
   1428        *  @param __dfault  Char to return if conversion fails.
   1429        *  @return  The converted char.
   1430       */
   1431       virtual char
   1432       do_narrow(char_type __c, char __dfault) const;
   1433 
   1434       /**
   1435        *  @brief  Narrow wchar_t array to char array
   1436        *
   1437        *  This virtual function converts each wchar_t in the range [lo,hi) to
   1438        *  char using the simplest reasonable transformation and writes the
   1439        *  results to the destination array.  For any wchar_t in the input that
   1440        *  cannot be converted, @a dfault is used instead.  For an underived
   1441        *  ctype<wchar_t> facet, the argument will be copied, casting each
   1442        *  element to char.
   1443        *
   1444        *  do_narrow() is a hook for a derived facet to change the behavior of
   1445        *  narrowing.  do_narrow() must always return the same result for the
   1446        *  same input.
   1447        *
   1448        *  Note: this is not what you want for codepage conversions.  See
   1449        *  codecvt for that.
   1450        *
   1451        *  @param __lo  Pointer to start of range.
   1452        *  @param __hi  Pointer to end of range.
   1453        *  @param __dfault  Char to use if conversion fails.
   1454        *  @param __to  Pointer to the destination array.
   1455        *  @return  @a __hi.
   1456       */
   1457       virtual const char_type*
   1458       do_narrow(const char_type* __lo, const char_type* __hi,
   1459 		char __dfault, char* __to) const;
   1460 
   1461       // For use at construction time only.
   1462       void
   1463       _M_initialize_ctype() throw();
   1464     };
   1465 #endif //_GLIBCXX_USE_WCHAR_T
   1466 
   1467   /// class ctype_byname [22.2.1.2].
   1468   template<typename _CharT>
   1469     class ctype_byname : public ctype<_CharT>
   1470     {
   1471     public:
   1472       typedef typename ctype<_CharT>::mask  mask;
   1473 
   1474       explicit
   1475       ctype_byname(const char* __s, size_t __refs = 0);
   1476 
   1477     protected:
   1478       virtual
   1479       ~ctype_byname() { };
   1480     };
   1481 
   1482   /// 22.2.1.4  Class ctype_byname specializations.
   1483   template<>
   1484     class ctype_byname<char> : public ctype<char>
   1485     {
   1486     public:
   1487       explicit
   1488       ctype_byname(const char* __s, size_t __refs = 0);
   1489 
   1490     protected:
   1491       virtual
   1492       ~ctype_byname();
   1493     };
   1494 
   1495 #ifdef _GLIBCXX_USE_WCHAR_T
   1496   template<>
   1497     class ctype_byname<wchar_t> : public ctype<wchar_t>
   1498     {
   1499     public:
   1500       explicit
   1501       ctype_byname(const char* __s, size_t __refs = 0);
   1502 
   1503     protected:
   1504       virtual
   1505       ~ctype_byname();
   1506     };
   1507 #endif
   1508 
   1509 _GLIBCXX_END_NAMESPACE_VERSION
   1510 } // namespace
   1511 
   1512 // Include host and configuration specific ctype inlines.
   1513 #include <bits/ctype_inline.h>
   1514 
   1515 namespace std _GLIBCXX_VISIBILITY(default)
   1516 {
   1517 _GLIBCXX_BEGIN_NAMESPACE_VERSION
   1518 
   1519   // 22.2.2  The numeric category.
   1520   class __num_base
   1521   {
   1522   public:
   1523     // NB: Code depends on the order of _S_atoms_out elements.
   1524     // Below are the indices into _S_atoms_out.
   1525     enum
   1526       {
   1527         _S_ominus,
   1528         _S_oplus,
   1529         _S_ox,
   1530         _S_oX,
   1531         _S_odigits,
   1532         _S_odigits_end = _S_odigits + 16,
   1533         _S_oudigits = _S_odigits_end,
   1534         _S_oudigits_end = _S_oudigits + 16,
   1535         _S_oe = _S_odigits + 14,  // For scientific notation, 'e'
   1536         _S_oE = _S_oudigits + 14, // For scientific notation, 'E'
   1537 	_S_oend = _S_oudigits_end
   1538       };
   1539 
   1540     // A list of valid numeric literals for output.  This array
   1541     // contains chars that will be passed through the current locale's
   1542     // ctype<_CharT>.widen() and then used to render numbers.
   1543     // For the standard "C" locale, this is
   1544     // "-+xX0123456789abcdef0123456789ABCDEF".
   1545     static const char* _S_atoms_out;
   1546 
   1547     // String literal of acceptable (narrow) input, for num_get.
   1548     // "-+xX0123456789abcdefABCDEF"
   1549     static const char* _S_atoms_in;
   1550 
   1551     enum
   1552     {
   1553       _S_iminus,
   1554       _S_iplus,
   1555       _S_ix,
   1556       _S_iX,
   1557       _S_izero,
   1558       _S_ie = _S_izero + 14,
   1559       _S_iE = _S_izero + 20,
   1560       _S_iend = 26
   1561     };
   1562 
   1563     // num_put
   1564     // Construct and return valid scanf format for floating point types.
   1565     static void
   1566     _S_format_float(const ios_base& __io, char* __fptr, char __mod) throw();
   1567   };
   1568 
   1569   template<typename _CharT>
   1570     struct __numpunct_cache : public locale::facet
   1571     {
   1572       const char*			_M_grouping;
   1573       size_t                            _M_grouping_size;
   1574       bool				_M_use_grouping;
   1575       const _CharT*			_M_truename;
   1576       size_t                            _M_truename_size;
   1577       const _CharT*			_M_falsename;
   1578       size_t                            _M_falsename_size;
   1579       _CharT				_M_decimal_point;
   1580       _CharT				_M_thousands_sep;
   1581 
   1582       // A list of valid numeric literals for output: in the standard
   1583       // "C" locale, this is "-+xX0123456789abcdef0123456789ABCDEF".
   1584       // This array contains the chars after having been passed
   1585       // through the current locale's ctype<_CharT>.widen().
   1586       _CharT				_M_atoms_out[__num_base::_S_oend];
   1587 
   1588       // A list of valid numeric literals for input: in the standard
   1589       // "C" locale, this is "-+xX0123456789abcdefABCDEF"
   1590       // This array contains the chars after having been passed
   1591       // through the current locale's ctype<_CharT>.widen().
   1592       _CharT				_M_atoms_in[__num_base::_S_iend];
   1593 
   1594       bool				_M_allocated;
   1595 
   1596       __numpunct_cache(size_t __refs = 0)
   1597       : facet(__refs), _M_grouping(0), _M_grouping_size(0),
   1598 	_M_use_grouping(false),
   1599 	_M_truename(0), _M_truename_size(0), _M_falsename(0),
   1600 	_M_falsename_size(0), _M_decimal_point(_CharT()),
   1601 	_M_thousands_sep(_CharT()), _M_allocated(false)
   1602         { }
   1603 
   1604       ~__numpunct_cache();
   1605 
   1606       void
   1607       _M_cache(const locale& __loc);
   1608 
   1609     private:
   1610       __numpunct_cache&
   1611       operator=(const __numpunct_cache&);
   1612 
   1613       explicit
   1614       __numpunct_cache(const __numpunct_cache&);
   1615     };
   1616 
   1617   template<typename _CharT>
   1618     __numpunct_cache<_CharT>::~__numpunct_cache()
   1619     {
   1620       if (_M_allocated)
   1621 	{
   1622 	  delete [] _M_grouping;
   1623 	  delete [] _M_truename;
   1624 	  delete [] _M_falsename;
   1625 	}
   1626     }
   1627 
   1628   /**
   1629    *  @brief  Primary class template numpunct.
   1630    *  @ingroup locales
   1631    *
   1632    *  This facet stores several pieces of information related to printing and
   1633    *  scanning numbers, such as the decimal point character.  It takes a
   1634    *  template parameter specifying the char type.  The numpunct facet is
   1635    *  used by streams for many I/O operations involving numbers.
   1636    *
   1637    *  The numpunct template uses protected virtual functions to provide the
   1638    *  actual results.  The public accessors forward the call to the virtual
   1639    *  functions.  These virtual functions are hooks for developers to
   1640    *  implement the behavior they require from a numpunct facet.
   1641   */
   1642   template<typename _CharT>
   1643     class numpunct : public locale::facet
   1644     {
   1645     public:
   1646       // Types:
   1647       //@{
   1648       /// Public typedefs
   1649       typedef _CharT			char_type;
   1650       typedef basic_string<_CharT>	string_type;
   1651       //@}
   1652       typedef __numpunct_cache<_CharT>  __cache_type;
   1653 
   1654     protected:
   1655       __cache_type*			_M_data;
   1656 
   1657     public:
   1658       /// Numpunct facet id.
   1659       static locale::id			id;
   1660 
   1661       /**
   1662        *  @brief  Numpunct constructor.
   1663        *
   1664        *  @param  __refs  Refcount to pass to the base class.
   1665        */
   1666       explicit
   1667       numpunct(size_t __refs = 0)
   1668       : facet(__refs), _M_data(0)
   1669       { _M_initialize_numpunct(); }
   1670 
   1671       /**
   1672        *  @brief  Internal constructor.  Not for general use.
   1673        *
   1674        *  This is a constructor for use by the library itself to set up the
   1675        *  predefined locale facets.
   1676        *
   1677        *  @param  __cache  __numpunct_cache object.
   1678        *  @param  __refs  Refcount to pass to the base class.
   1679        */
   1680       explicit
   1681       numpunct(__cache_type* __cache, size_t __refs = 0)
   1682       : facet(__refs), _M_data(__cache)
   1683       { _M_initialize_numpunct(); }
   1684 
   1685       /**
   1686        *  @brief  Internal constructor.  Not for general use.
   1687        *
   1688        *  This is a constructor for use by the library itself to set up new
   1689        *  locales.
   1690        *
   1691        *  @param  __cloc  The C locale.
   1692        *  @param  __refs  Refcount to pass to the base class.
   1693        */
   1694       explicit
   1695       numpunct(__c_locale __cloc, size_t __refs = 0)
   1696       : facet(__refs), _M_data(0)
   1697       { _M_initialize_numpunct(__cloc); }
   1698 
   1699       /**
   1700        *  @brief  Return decimal point character.
   1701        *
   1702        *  This function returns a char_type to use as a decimal point.  It
   1703        *  does so by returning returning
   1704        *  numpunct<char_type>::do_decimal_point().
   1705        *
   1706        *  @return  @a char_type representing a decimal point.
   1707       */
   1708       char_type
   1709       decimal_point() const
   1710       { return this->do_decimal_point(); }
   1711 
   1712       /**
   1713        *  @brief  Return thousands separator character.
   1714        *
   1715        *  This function returns a char_type to use as a thousands
   1716        *  separator.  It does so by returning returning
   1717        *  numpunct<char_type>::do_thousands_sep().
   1718        *
   1719        *  @return  char_type representing a thousands separator.
   1720       */
   1721       char_type
   1722       thousands_sep() const
   1723       { return this->do_thousands_sep(); }
   1724 
   1725       /**
   1726        *  @brief  Return grouping specification.
   1727        *
   1728        *  This function returns a string representing groupings for the
   1729        *  integer part of a number.  Groupings indicate where thousands
   1730        *  separators should be inserted in the integer part of a number.
   1731        *
   1732        *  Each char in the return string is interpret as an integer
   1733        *  rather than a character.  These numbers represent the number
   1734        *  of digits in a group.  The first char in the string
   1735        *  represents the number of digits in the least significant
   1736        *  group.  If a char is negative, it indicates an unlimited
   1737        *  number of digits for the group.  If more chars from the
   1738        *  string are required to group a number, the last char is used
   1739        *  repeatedly.
   1740        *
   1741        *  For example, if the grouping() returns "\003\002" and is
   1742        *  applied to the number 123456789, this corresponds to
   1743        *  12,34,56,789.  Note that if the string was "32", this would
   1744        *  put more than 50 digits into the least significant group if
   1745        *  the character set is ASCII.
   1746        *
   1747        *  The string is returned by calling
   1748        *  numpunct<char_type>::do_grouping().
   1749        *
   1750        *  @return  string representing grouping specification.
   1751       */
   1752       string
   1753       grouping() const
   1754       { return this->do_grouping(); }
   1755 
   1756       /**
   1757        *  @brief  Return string representation of bool true.
   1758        *
   1759        *  This function returns a string_type containing the text
   1760        *  representation for true bool variables.  It does so by calling
   1761        *  numpunct<char_type>::do_truename().
   1762        *
   1763        *  @return  string_type representing printed form of true.
   1764       */
   1765       string_type
   1766       truename() const
   1767       { return this->do_truename(); }
   1768 
   1769       /**
   1770        *  @brief  Return string representation of bool false.
   1771        *
   1772        *  This function returns a string_type containing the text
   1773        *  representation for false bool variables.  It does so by calling
   1774        *  numpunct<char_type>::do_falsename().
   1775        *
   1776        *  @return  string_type representing printed form of false.
   1777       */
   1778       string_type
   1779       falsename() const
   1780       { return this->do_falsename(); }
   1781 
   1782     protected:
   1783       /// Destructor.
   1784       virtual
   1785       ~numpunct();
   1786 
   1787       /**
   1788        *  @brief  Return decimal point character.
   1789        *
   1790        *  Returns a char_type to use as a decimal point.  This function is a
   1791        *  hook for derived classes to change the value returned.
   1792        *
   1793        *  @return  @a char_type representing a decimal point.
   1794       */
   1795       virtual char_type
   1796       do_decimal_point() const
   1797       { return _M_data->_M_decimal_point; }
   1798 
   1799       /**
   1800        *  @brief  Return thousands separator character.
   1801        *
   1802        *  Returns a char_type to use as a thousands separator.  This function
   1803        *  is a hook for derived classes to change the value returned.
   1804        *
   1805        *  @return  @a char_type representing a thousands separator.
   1806       */
   1807       virtual char_type
   1808       do_thousands_sep() const
   1809       { return _M_data->_M_thousands_sep; }
   1810 
   1811       /**
   1812        *  @brief  Return grouping specification.
   1813        *
   1814        *  Returns a string representing groupings for the integer part of a
   1815        *  number.  This function is a hook for derived classes to change the
   1816        *  value returned.  @see grouping() for details.
   1817        *
   1818        *  @return  String representing grouping specification.
   1819       */
   1820       virtual string
   1821       do_grouping() const
   1822       { return _M_data->_M_grouping; }
   1823 
   1824       /**
   1825        *  @brief  Return string representation of bool true.
   1826        *
   1827        *  Returns a string_type containing the text representation for true
   1828        *  bool variables.  This function is a hook for derived classes to
   1829        *  change the value returned.
   1830        *
   1831        *  @return  string_type representing printed form of true.
   1832       */
   1833       virtual string_type
   1834       do_truename() const
   1835       { return _M_data->_M_truename; }
   1836 
   1837       /**
   1838        *  @brief  Return string representation of bool false.
   1839        *
   1840        *  Returns a string_type containing the text representation for false
   1841        *  bool variables.  This function is a hook for derived classes to
   1842        *  change the value returned.
   1843        *
   1844        *  @return  string_type representing printed form of false.
   1845       */
   1846       virtual string_type
   1847       do_falsename() const
   1848       { return _M_data->_M_falsename; }
   1849 
   1850       // For use at construction time only.
   1851       void
   1852       _M_initialize_numpunct(__c_locale __cloc = 0);
   1853     };
   1854 
   1855   template<typename _CharT>
   1856     locale::id numpunct<_CharT>::id;
   1857 
   1858   template<>
   1859     numpunct<char>::~numpunct();
   1860 
   1861   template<>
   1862     void
   1863     numpunct<char>::_M_initialize_numpunct(__c_locale __cloc);
   1864 
   1865 #ifdef _GLIBCXX_USE_WCHAR_T
   1866   template<>
   1867     numpunct<wchar_t>::~numpunct();
   1868 
   1869   template<>
   1870     void
   1871     numpunct<wchar_t>::_M_initialize_numpunct(__c_locale __cloc);
   1872 #endif
   1873 
   1874   /// class numpunct_byname [22.2.3.2].
   1875   template<typename _CharT>
   1876     class numpunct_byname : public numpunct<_CharT>
   1877     {
   1878     public:
   1879       typedef _CharT			char_type;
   1880       typedef basic_string<_CharT>	string_type;
   1881 
   1882       explicit
   1883       numpunct_byname(const char* __s, size_t __refs = 0)
   1884       : numpunct<_CharT>(__refs)
   1885       {
   1886 	if (__builtin_strcmp(__s, "C") != 0
   1887 	    && __builtin_strcmp(__s, "POSIX") != 0)
   1888 	  {
   1889 	    __c_locale __tmp;
   1890 	    this->_S_create_c_locale(__tmp, __s);
   1891 	    this->_M_initialize_numpunct(__tmp);
   1892 	    this->_S_destroy_c_locale(__tmp);
   1893 	  }
   1894       }
   1895 
   1896     protected:
   1897       virtual
   1898       ~numpunct_byname() { }
   1899     };
   1900 
   1901 _GLIBCXX_BEGIN_NAMESPACE_LDBL
   1902 
   1903   /**
   1904    *  @brief  Primary class template num_get.
   1905    *  @ingroup locales
   1906    *
   1907    *  This facet encapsulates the code to parse and return a number
   1908    *  from a string.  It is used by the istream numeric extraction
   1909    *  operators.
   1910    *
   1911    *  The num_get template uses protected virtual functions to provide the
   1912    *  actual results.  The public accessors forward the call to the virtual
   1913    *  functions.  These virtual functions are hooks for developers to
   1914    *  implement the behavior they require from the num_get facet.
   1915   */
   1916   template<typename _CharT, typename _InIter>
   1917     class num_get : public locale::facet
   1918     {
   1919     public:
   1920       // Types:
   1921       //@{
   1922       /// Public typedefs
   1923       typedef _CharT			char_type;
   1924       typedef _InIter			iter_type;
   1925       //@}
   1926 
   1927       /// Numpunct facet id.
   1928       static locale::id			id;
   1929 
   1930       /**
   1931        *  @brief  Constructor performs initialization.
   1932        *
   1933        *  This is the constructor provided by the standard.
   1934        *
   1935        *  @param __refs  Passed to the base facet class.
   1936       */
   1937       explicit
   1938       num_get(size_t __refs = 0) : facet(__refs) { }
   1939 
   1940       /**
   1941        *  @brief  Numeric parsing.
   1942        *
   1943        *  Parses the input stream into the bool @a v.  It does so by calling
   1944        *  num_get::do_get().
   1945        *
   1946        *  If ios_base::boolalpha is set, attempts to read
   1947        *  ctype<CharT>::truename() or ctype<CharT>::falsename().  Sets
   1948        *  @a v to true or false if successful.  Sets err to
   1949        *  ios_base::failbit if reading the string fails.  Sets err to
   1950        *  ios_base::eofbit if the stream is emptied.
   1951        *
   1952        *  If ios_base::boolalpha is not set, proceeds as with reading a long,
   1953        *  except if the value is 1, sets @a v to true, if the value is 0, sets
   1954        *  @a v to false, and otherwise set err to ios_base::failbit.
   1955        *
   1956        *  @param  __in  Start of input stream.
   1957        *  @param  __end  End of input stream.
   1958        *  @param  __io  Source of locale and flags.
   1959        *  @param  __err  Error flags to set.
   1960        *  @param  __v  Value to format and insert.
   1961        *  @return  Iterator after reading.
   1962       */
   1963       iter_type
   1964       get(iter_type __in, iter_type __end, ios_base& __io,
   1965 	  ios_base::iostate& __err, bool& __v) const
   1966       { return this->do_get(__in, __end, __io, __err, __v); }
   1967 
   1968       //@{
   1969       /**
   1970        *  @brief  Numeric parsing.
   1971        *
   1972        *  Parses the input stream into the integral variable @a v.  It does so
   1973        *  by calling num_get::do_get().
   1974        *
   1975        *  Parsing is affected by the flag settings in @a io.
   1976        *
   1977        *  The basic parse is affected by the value of io.flags() &
   1978        *  ios_base::basefield.  If equal to ios_base::oct, parses like the
   1979        *  scanf %o specifier.  Else if equal to ios_base::hex, parses like %X
   1980        *  specifier.  Else if basefield equal to 0, parses like the %i
   1981        *  specifier.  Otherwise, parses like %d for signed and %u for unsigned
   1982        *  types.  The matching type length modifier is also used.
   1983        *
   1984        *  Digit grouping is interpreted according to numpunct::grouping() and
   1985        *  numpunct::thousands_sep().  If the pattern of digit groups isn't
   1986        *  consistent, sets err to ios_base::failbit.
   1987        *
   1988        *  If parsing the string yields a valid value for @a v, @a v is set.
   1989        *  Otherwise, sets err to ios_base::failbit and leaves @a v unaltered.
   1990        *  Sets err to ios_base::eofbit if the stream is emptied.
   1991        *
   1992        *  @param  __in  Start of input stream.
   1993        *  @param  __end  End of input stream.
   1994        *  @param  __io  Source of locale and flags.
   1995        *  @param  __err  Error flags to set.
   1996        *  @param  __v  Value to format and insert.
   1997        *  @return  Iterator after reading.
   1998       */
   1999       iter_type
   2000       get(iter_type __in, iter_type __end, ios_base& __io,
   2001 	  ios_base::iostate& __err, long& __v) const
   2002       { return this->do_get(__in, __end, __io, __err, __v); }
   2003 
   2004       iter_type
   2005       get(iter_type __in, iter_type __end, ios_base& __io,
   2006 	  ios_base::iostate& __err, unsigned short& __v) const
   2007       { return this->do_get(__in, __end, __io, __err, __v); }
   2008 
   2009       iter_type
   2010       get(iter_type __in, iter_type __end, ios_base& __io,
   2011 	  ios_base::iostate& __err, unsigned int& __v)   const
   2012       { return this->do_get(__in, __end, __io, __err, __v); }
   2013 
   2014       iter_type
   2015       get(iter_type __in, iter_type __end, ios_base& __io,
   2016 	  ios_base::iostate& __err, unsigned long& __v)  const
   2017       { return this->do_get(__in, __end, __io, __err, __v); }
   2018 
   2019 #ifdef _GLIBCXX_USE_LONG_LONG
   2020       iter_type
   2021       get(iter_type __in, iter_type __end, ios_base& __io,
   2022 	  ios_base::iostate& __err, long long& __v) const
   2023       { return this->do_get(__in, __end, __io, __err, __v); }
   2024 
   2025       iter_type
   2026       get(iter_type __in, iter_type __end, ios_base& __io,
   2027 	  ios_base::iostate& __err, unsigned long long& __v)  const
   2028       { return this->do_get(__in, __end, __io, __err, __v); }
   2029 #endif
   2030       //@}
   2031 
   2032       //@{
   2033       /**
   2034        *  @brief  Numeric parsing.
   2035        *
   2036        *  Parses the input stream into the integral variable @a v.  It does so
   2037        *  by calling num_get::do_get().
   2038        *
   2039        *  The input characters are parsed like the scanf %g specifier.  The
   2040        *  matching type length modifier is also used.
   2041        *
   2042        *  The decimal point character used is numpunct::decimal_point().
   2043        *  Digit grouping is interpreted according to numpunct::grouping() and
   2044        *  numpunct::thousands_sep().  If the pattern of digit groups isn't
   2045        *  consistent, sets err to ios_base::failbit.
   2046        *
   2047        *  If parsing the string yields a valid value for @a v, @a v is set.
   2048        *  Otherwise, sets err to ios_base::failbit and leaves @a v unaltered.
   2049        *  Sets err to ios_base::eofbit if the stream is emptied.
   2050        *
   2051        *  @param  __in  Start of input stream.
   2052        *  @param  __end  End of input stream.
   2053        *  @param  __io  Source of locale and flags.
   2054        *  @param  __err  Error flags to set.
   2055        *  @param  __v  Value to format and insert.
   2056        *  @return  Iterator after reading.
   2057       */
   2058       iter_type
   2059       get(iter_type __in, iter_type __end, ios_base& __io,
   2060 	  ios_base::iostate& __err, float& __v) const
   2061       { return this->do_get(__in, __end, __io, __err, __v); }
   2062 
   2063       iter_type
   2064       get(iter_type __in, iter_type __end, ios_base& __io,
   2065 	  ios_base::iostate& __err, double& __v) const
   2066       { return this->do_get(__in, __end, __io, __err, __v); }
   2067 
   2068       iter_type
   2069       get(iter_type __in, iter_type __end, ios_base& __io,
   2070 	  ios_base::iostate& __err, long double& __v) const
   2071       { return this->do_get(__in, __end, __io, __err, __v); }
   2072       //@}
   2073 
   2074       /**
   2075        *  @brief  Numeric parsing.
   2076        *
   2077        *  Parses the input stream into the pointer variable @a v.  It does so
   2078        *  by calling num_get::do_get().
   2079        *
   2080        *  The input characters are parsed like the scanf %p specifier.
   2081        *
   2082        *  Digit grouping is interpreted according to numpunct::grouping() and
   2083        *  numpunct::thousands_sep().  If the pattern of digit groups isn't
   2084        *  consistent, sets err to ios_base::failbit.
   2085        *
   2086        *  Note that the digit grouping effect for pointers is a bit ambiguous
   2087        *  in the standard and shouldn't be relied on.  See DR 344.
   2088        *
   2089        *  If parsing the string yields a valid value for @a v, @a v is set.
   2090        *  Otherwise, sets err to ios_base::failbit and leaves @a v unaltered.
   2091        *  Sets err to ios_base::eofbit if the stream is emptied.
   2092        *
   2093        *  @param  __in  Start of input stream.
   2094        *  @param  __end  End of input stream.
   2095        *  @param  __io  Source of locale and flags.
   2096        *  @param  __err  Error flags to set.
   2097        *  @param  __v  Value to format and insert.
   2098        *  @return  Iterator after reading.
   2099       */
   2100       iter_type
   2101       get(iter_type __in, iter_type __end, ios_base& __io,
   2102 	  ios_base::iostate& __err, void*& __v) const
   2103       { return this->do_get(__in, __end, __io, __err, __v); }
   2104 
   2105     protected:
   2106       /// Destructor.
   2107       virtual ~num_get() { }
   2108 
   2109       iter_type
   2110       _M_extract_float(iter_type, iter_type, ios_base&, ios_base::iostate&,
   2111 		       string&) const;
   2112 
   2113       template<typename _ValueT>
   2114         iter_type
   2115         _M_extract_int(iter_type, iter_type, ios_base&, ios_base::iostate&,
   2116 		       _ValueT&) const;
   2117 
   2118       template<typename _CharT2>
   2119       typename __gnu_cxx::__enable_if<__is_char<_CharT2>::__value, int>::__type
   2120         _M_find(const _CharT2*, size_t __len, _CharT2 __c) const
   2121         {
   2122 	  int __ret = -1;
   2123 	  if (__len <= 10)
   2124 	    {
   2125 	      if (__c >= _CharT2('0') && __c < _CharT2(_CharT2('0') + __len))
   2126 		__ret = __c - _CharT2('0');
   2127 	    }
   2128 	  else
   2129 	    {
   2130 	      if (__c >= _CharT2('0') && __c <= _CharT2('9'))
   2131 		__ret = __c - _CharT2('0');
   2132 	      else if (__c >= _CharT2('a') && __c <= _CharT2('f'))
   2133 		__ret = 10 + (__c - _CharT2('a'));
   2134 	      else if (__c >= _CharT2('A') && __c <= _CharT2('F'))
   2135 		__ret = 10 + (__c - _CharT2('A'));
   2136 	    }
   2137 	  return __ret;
   2138 	}
   2139 
   2140       template<typename _CharT2>
   2141       typename __gnu_cxx::__enable_if<!__is_char<_CharT2>::__value,
   2142 				      int>::__type
   2143         _M_find(const _CharT2* __zero, size_t __len, _CharT2 __c) const
   2144         {
   2145 	  int __ret = -1;
   2146 	  const char_type* __q = char_traits<_CharT2>::find(__zero, __len, __c);
   2147 	  if (__q)
   2148 	    {
   2149 	      __ret = __q - __zero;
   2150 	      if (__ret > 15)
   2151 		__ret -= 6;
   2152 	    }
   2153 	  return __ret;
   2154 	}
   2155 
   2156       //@{
   2157       /**
   2158        *  @brief  Numeric parsing.
   2159        *
   2160        *  Parses the input stream into the variable @a v.  This function is a
   2161        *  hook for derived classes to change the value returned.  @see get()
   2162        *  for more details.
   2163        *
   2164        *  @param  __beg  Start of input stream.
   2165        *  @param  __end  End of input stream.
   2166        *  @param  __io  Source of locale and flags.
   2167        *  @param  __err  Error flags to set.
   2168        *  @param  __v  Value to format and insert.
   2169        *  @return  Iterator after reading.
   2170       */
   2171       virtual iter_type
   2172       do_get(iter_type, iter_type, ios_base&, ios_base::iostate&, bool&) const;
   2173 
   2174       virtual iter_type
   2175       do_get(iter_type __beg, iter_type __end, ios_base& __io,
   2176 	     ios_base::iostate& __err, long& __v) const
   2177       { return _M_extract_int(__beg, __end, __io, __err, __v); }
   2178 
   2179       virtual iter_type
   2180       do_get(iter_type __beg, iter_type __end, ios_base& __io,
   2181 	     ios_base::iostate& __err, unsigned short& __v) const
   2182       { return _M_extract_int(__beg, __end, __io, __err, __v); }
   2183 
   2184       virtual iter_type
   2185       do_get(iter_type __beg, iter_type __end, ios_base& __io,
   2186 	     ios_base::iostate& __err, unsigned int& __v) const
   2187       { return _M_extract_int(__beg, __end, __io, __err, __v); }
   2188 
   2189       virtual iter_type
   2190       do_get(iter_type __beg, iter_type __end, ios_base& __io,
   2191 	     ios_base::iostate& __err, unsigned long& __v) const
   2192       { return _M_extract_int(__beg, __end, __io, __err, __v); }
   2193 
   2194 #ifdef _GLIBCXX_USE_LONG_LONG
   2195       virtual iter_type
   2196       do_get(iter_type __beg, iter_type __end, ios_base& __io,
   2197 	     ios_base::iostate& __err, long long& __v) const
   2198       { return _M_extract_int(__beg, __end, __io, __err, __v); }
   2199 
   2200       virtual iter_type
   2201       do_get(iter_type __beg, iter_type __end, ios_base& __io,
   2202 	     ios_base::iostate& __err, unsigned long long& __v) const
   2203       { return _M_extract_int(__beg, __end, __io, __err, __v); }
   2204 #endif
   2205 
   2206       virtual iter_type
   2207       do_get(iter_type, iter_type, ios_base&, ios_base::iostate&, float&) const;
   2208 
   2209       virtual iter_type
   2210       do_get(iter_type, iter_type, ios_base&, ios_base::iostate&,
   2211 	     double&) const;
   2212 
   2213       // XXX GLIBCXX_ABI Deprecated
   2214 #if defined _GLIBCXX_LONG_DOUBLE_COMPAT && defined __LONG_DOUBLE_128__
   2215       virtual iter_type
   2216       __do_get(iter_type, iter_type, ios_base&, ios_base::iostate&,
   2217 	       double&) const;
   2218 #else
   2219       virtual iter_type
   2220       do_get(iter_type, iter_type, ios_base&, ios_base::iostate&,
   2221 	     long double&) const;
   2222 #endif
   2223 
   2224       virtual iter_type
   2225       do_get(iter_type, iter_type, ios_base&, ios_base::iostate&, void*&) const;
   2226 
   2227       // XXX GLIBCXX_ABI Deprecated
   2228 #if defined _GLIBCXX_LONG_DOUBLE_COMPAT && defined __LONG_DOUBLE_128__
   2229       virtual iter_type
   2230       do_get(iter_type, iter_type, ios_base&, ios_base::iostate&,
   2231 	     long double&) const;
   2232 #endif
   2233       //@}
   2234     };
   2235 
   2236   template<typename _CharT, typename _InIter>
   2237     locale::id num_get<_CharT, _InIter>::id;
   2238 
   2239 
   2240   /**
   2241    *  @brief  Primary class template num_put.
   2242    *  @ingroup locales
   2243    *
   2244    *  This facet encapsulates the code to convert a number to a string.  It is
   2245    *  used by the ostream numeric insertion operators.
   2246    *
   2247    *  The num_put template uses protected virtual functions to provide the
   2248    *  actual results.  The public accessors forward the call to the virtual
   2249    *  functions.  These virtual functions are hooks for developers to
   2250    *  implement the behavior they require from the num_put facet.
   2251   */
   2252   template<typename _CharT, typename _OutIter>
   2253     class num_put : public locale::facet
   2254     {
   2255     public:
   2256       // Types:
   2257       //@{
   2258       /// Public typedefs
   2259       typedef _CharT		char_type;
   2260       typedef _OutIter		iter_type;
   2261       //@}
   2262 
   2263       /// Numpunct facet id.
   2264       static locale::id		id;
   2265 
   2266       /**
   2267        *  @brief  Constructor performs initialization.
   2268        *
   2269        *  This is the constructor provided by the standard.
   2270        *
   2271        *  @param __refs  Passed to the base facet class.
   2272       */
   2273       explicit
   2274       num_put(size_t __refs = 0) : facet(__refs) { }
   2275 
   2276       /**
   2277        *  @brief  Numeric formatting.
   2278        *
   2279        *  Formats the boolean @a v and inserts it into a stream.  It does so
   2280        *  by calling num_put::do_put().
   2281        *
   2282        *  If ios_base::boolalpha is set, writes ctype<CharT>::truename() or
   2283        *  ctype<CharT>::falsename().  Otherwise formats @a v as an int.
   2284        *
   2285        *  @param  __s  Stream to write to.
   2286        *  @param  __io  Source of locale and flags.
   2287        *  @param  __fill  Char_type to use for filling.
   2288        *  @param  __v  Value to format and insert.
   2289        *  @return  Iterator after writing.
   2290       */
   2291       iter_type
   2292       put(iter_type __s, ios_base& __io, char_type __fill, bool __v) const
   2293       { return this->do_put(__s, __io, __fill, __v); }
   2294 
   2295       //@{
   2296       /**
   2297        *  @brief  Numeric formatting.
   2298        *
   2299        *  Formats the integral value @a v and inserts it into a
   2300        *  stream.  It does so by calling num_put::do_put().
   2301        *
   2302        *  Formatting is affected by the flag settings in @a io.
   2303        *
   2304        *  The basic format is affected by the value of io.flags() &
   2305        *  ios_base::basefield.  If equal to ios_base::oct, formats like the
   2306        *  printf %o specifier.  Else if equal to ios_base::hex, formats like
   2307        *  %x or %X with ios_base::uppercase unset or set respectively.
   2308        *  Otherwise, formats like %d, %ld, %lld for signed and %u, %lu, %llu
   2309        *  for unsigned values.  Note that if both oct and hex are set, neither
   2310        *  will take effect.
   2311        *
   2312        *  If ios_base::showpos is set, '+' is output before positive values.
   2313        *  If ios_base::showbase is set, '0' precedes octal values (except 0)
   2314        *  and '0[xX]' precedes hex values.
   2315        *
   2316        *  Thousands separators are inserted according to numpunct::grouping()
   2317        *  and numpunct::thousands_sep().  The decimal point character used is
   2318        *  numpunct::decimal_point().
   2319        *
   2320        *  If io.width() is non-zero, enough @a fill characters are inserted to
   2321        *  make the result at least that wide.  If
   2322        *  (io.flags() & ios_base::adjustfield) == ios_base::left, result is
   2323        *  padded at the end.  If ios_base::internal, then padding occurs
   2324        *  immediately after either a '+' or '-' or after '0x' or '0X'.
   2325        *  Otherwise, padding occurs at the beginning.
   2326        *
   2327        *  @param  __s  Stream to write to.
   2328        *  @param  __io  Source of locale and flags.
   2329        *  @param  __fill  Char_type to use for filling.
   2330        *  @param  __v  Value to format and insert.
   2331        *  @return  Iterator after writing.
   2332       */
   2333       iter_type
   2334       put(iter_type __s, ios_base& __io, char_type __fill, long __v) const
   2335       { return this->do_put(__s, __io, __fill, __v); }
   2336 
   2337       iter_type
   2338       put(iter_type __s, ios_base& __io, char_type __fill,
   2339 	  unsigned long __v) const
   2340       { return this->do_put(__s, __io, __fill, __v); }
   2341 
   2342 #ifdef _GLIBCXX_USE_LONG_LONG
   2343       iter_type
   2344       put(iter_type __s, ios_base& __io, char_type __fill, long long __v) const
   2345       { return this->do_put(__s, __io, __fill, __v); }
   2346 
   2347       iter_type
   2348       put(iter_type __s, ios_base& __io, char_type __fill,
   2349 	  unsigned long long __v) const
   2350       { return this->do_put(__s, __io, __fill, __v); }
   2351 #endif
   2352       //@}
   2353 
   2354       //@{
   2355       /**
   2356        *  @brief  Numeric formatting.
   2357        *
   2358        *  Formats the floating point value @a v and inserts it into a stream.
   2359        *  It does so by calling num_put::do_put().
   2360        *
   2361        *  Formatting is affected by the flag settings in @a io.
   2362        *
   2363        *  The basic format is affected by the value of io.flags() &
   2364        *  ios_base::floatfield.  If equal to ios_base::fixed, formats like the
   2365        *  printf %f specifier.  Else if equal to ios_base::scientific, formats
   2366        *  like %e or %E with ios_base::uppercase unset or set respectively.
   2367        *  Otherwise, formats like %g or %G depending on uppercase.  Note that
   2368        *  if both fixed and scientific are set, the effect will also be like
   2369        *  %g or %G.
   2370        *
   2371        *  The output precision is given by io.precision().  This precision is
   2372        *  capped at numeric_limits::digits10 + 2 (different for double and
   2373        *  long double).  The default precision is 6.
   2374        *
   2375        *  If ios_base::showpos is set, '+' is output before positive values.
   2376        *  If ios_base::showpoint is set, a decimal point will always be
   2377        *  output.
   2378        *
   2379        *  Thousands separators are inserted according to numpunct::grouping()
   2380        *  and numpunct::thousands_sep().  The decimal point character used is
   2381        *  numpunct::decimal_point().
   2382        *
   2383        *  If io.width() is non-zero, enough @a fill characters are inserted to
   2384        *  make the result at least that wide.  If
   2385        *  (io.flags() & ios_base::adjustfield) == ios_base::left, result is
   2386        *  padded at the end.  If ios_base::internal, then padding occurs
   2387        *  immediately after either a '+' or '-' or after '0x' or '0X'.
   2388        *  Otherwise, padding occurs at the beginning.
   2389        *
   2390        *  @param  __s  Stream to write to.
   2391        *  @param  __io  Source of locale and flags.
   2392        *  @param  __fill  Char_type to use for filling.
   2393        *  @param  __v  Value to format and insert.
   2394        *  @return  Iterator after writing.
   2395       */
   2396       iter_type
   2397       put(iter_type __s, ios_base& __io, char_type __fill, double __v) const
   2398       { return this->do_put(__s, __io, __fill, __v); }
   2399 
   2400       iter_type
   2401       put(iter_type __s, ios_base& __io, char_type __fill,
   2402 	  long double __v) const
   2403       { return this->do_put(__s, __io, __fill, __v); }
   2404       //@}
   2405 
   2406       /**
   2407        *  @brief  Numeric formatting.
   2408        *
   2409        *  Formats the pointer value @a v and inserts it into a stream.  It
   2410        *  does so by calling num_put::do_put().
   2411        *
   2412        *  This function formats @a v as an unsigned long with ios_base::hex
   2413        *  and ios_base::showbase set.
   2414        *
   2415        *  @param  __s  Stream to write to.
   2416        *  @param  __io  Source of locale and flags.
   2417        *  @param  __fill  Char_type to use for filling.
   2418        *  @param  __v  Value to format and insert.
   2419        *  @return  Iterator after writing.
   2420       */
   2421       iter_type
   2422       put(iter_type __s, ios_base& __io, char_type __fill,
   2423 	  const void* __v) const
   2424       { return this->do_put(__s, __io, __fill, __v); }
   2425 
   2426     protected:
   2427       template<typename _ValueT>
   2428         iter_type
   2429         _M_insert_float(iter_type, ios_base& __io, char_type __fill,
   2430 			char __mod, _ValueT __v) const;
   2431 
   2432       void
   2433       _M_group_float(const char* __grouping, size_t __grouping_size,
   2434 		     char_type __sep, const char_type* __p, char_type* __new,
   2435 		     char_type* __cs, int& __len) const;
   2436 
   2437       template<typename _ValueT>
   2438         iter_type
   2439         _M_insert_int(iter_type, ios_base& __io, char_type __fill,
   2440 		      _ValueT __v) const;
   2441 
   2442       void
   2443       _M_group_int(const char* __grouping, size_t __grouping_size,
   2444 		   char_type __sep, ios_base& __io, char_type* __new,
   2445 		   char_type* __cs, int& __len) const;
   2446 
   2447       void
   2448       _M_pad(char_type __fill, streamsize __w, ios_base& __io,
   2449 	     char_type* __new, const char_type* __cs, int& __len) const;
   2450 
   2451       /// Destructor.
   2452       virtual
   2453       ~num_put() { };
   2454 
   2455       //@{
   2456       /**
   2457        *  @brief  Numeric formatting.
   2458        *
   2459        *  These functions do the work of formatting numeric values and
   2460        *  inserting them into a stream. This function is a hook for derived
   2461        *  classes to change the value returned.
   2462        *
   2463        *  @param  __s  Stream to write to.
   2464        *  @param  __io  Source of locale and flags.
   2465        *  @param  __fill  Char_type to use for filling.
   2466        *  @param  __v  Value to format and insert.
   2467        *  @return  Iterator after writing.
   2468       */
   2469       virtual iter_type
   2470       do_put(iter_type __s, ios_base& __io, char_type __fill, bool __v) const;
   2471 
   2472       virtual iter_type
   2473       do_put(iter_type __s, ios_base& __io, char_type __fill, long __v) const
   2474       { return _M_insert_int(__s, __io, __fill, __v); }
   2475 
   2476       virtual iter_type
   2477       do_put(iter_type __s, ios_base& __io, char_type __fill,
   2478 	     unsigned long __v) const
   2479       { return _M_insert_int(__s, __io, __fill, __v); }
   2480 
   2481 #ifdef _GLIBCXX_USE_LONG_LONG
   2482       virtual iter_type
   2483       do_put(iter_type __s, ios_base& __io, char_type __fill,
   2484 	     long long __v) const
   2485       { return _M_insert_int(__s, __io, __fill, __v); }
   2486 
   2487       virtual iter_type
   2488       do_put(iter_type __s, ios_base& __io, char_type __fill,
   2489 	     unsigned long long __v) const
   2490       { return _M_insert_int(__s, __io, __fill, __v); }
   2491 #endif
   2492 
   2493       virtual iter_type
   2494       do_put(iter_type, ios_base&, char_type, double) const;
   2495 
   2496       // XXX GLIBCXX_ABI Deprecated
   2497 #if defined _GLIBCXX_LONG_DOUBLE_COMPAT && defined __LONG_DOUBLE_128__
   2498       virtual iter_type
   2499       __do_put(iter_type, ios_base&, char_type, double) const;
   2500 #else
   2501       virtual iter_type
   2502       do_put(iter_type, ios_base&, char_type, long double) const;
   2503 #endif
   2504 
   2505       virtual iter_type
   2506       do_put(iter_type, ios_base&, char_type, const void*) const;
   2507 
   2508       // XXX GLIBCXX_ABI Deprecated
   2509 #if defined _GLIBCXX_LONG_DOUBLE_COMPAT && defined __LONG_DOUBLE_128__
   2510       virtual iter_type
   2511       do_put(iter_type, ios_base&, char_type, long double) const;
   2512 #endif
   2513       //@}
   2514     };
   2515 
   2516   template <typename _CharT, typename _OutIter>
   2517     locale::id num_put<_CharT, _OutIter>::id;
   2518 
   2519 _GLIBCXX_END_NAMESPACE_LDBL
   2520 
   2521   // Subclause convenience interfaces, inlines.
   2522   // NB: These are inline because, when used in a loop, some compilers
   2523   // can hoist the body out of the loop; then it's just as fast as the
   2524   // C is*() function.
   2525 
   2526   /// Convenience interface to ctype.is(ctype_base::space, __c).
   2527   template<typename _CharT>
   2528     inline bool
   2529     isspace(_CharT __c, const locale& __loc)
   2530     { return use_facet<ctype<_CharT> >(__loc).is(ctype_base::space, __c); }
   2531 
   2532   /// Convenience interface to ctype.is(ctype_base::print, __c).
   2533   template<typename _CharT>
   2534     inline bool
   2535     isprint(_CharT __c, const locale& __loc)
   2536     { return use_facet<ctype<_CharT> >(__loc).is(ctype_base::print, __c); }
   2537 
   2538   /// Convenience interface to ctype.is(ctype_base::cntrl, __c).
   2539   template<typename _CharT>
   2540     inline bool
   2541     iscntrl(_CharT __c, const locale& __loc)
   2542     { return use_facet<ctype<_CharT> >(__loc).is(ctype_base::cntrl, __c); }
   2543 
   2544   /// Convenience interface to ctype.is(ctype_base::upper, __c).
   2545   template<typename _CharT>
   2546     inline bool
   2547     isupper(_CharT __c, const locale& __loc)
   2548     { return use_facet<ctype<_CharT> >(__loc).is(ctype_base::upper, __c); }
   2549 
   2550   /// Convenience interface to ctype.is(ctype_base::lower, __c).
   2551   template<typename _CharT>
   2552     inline bool
   2553     islower(_CharT __c, const locale& __loc)
   2554     { return use_facet<ctype<_CharT> >(__loc).is(ctype_base::lower, __c); }
   2555 
   2556   /// Convenience interface to ctype.is(ctype_base::alpha, __c).
   2557   template<typename _CharT>
   2558     inline bool
   2559     isalpha(_CharT __c, const locale& __loc)
   2560     { return use_facet<ctype<_CharT> >(__loc).is(ctype_base::alpha, __c); }
   2561 
   2562   /// Convenience interface to ctype.is(ctype_base::digit, __c).
   2563   template<typename _CharT>
   2564     inline bool
   2565     isdigit(_CharT __c, const locale& __loc)
   2566     { return use_facet<ctype<_CharT> >(__loc).is(ctype_base::digit, __c); }
   2567 
   2568   /// Convenience interface to ctype.is(ctype_base::punct, __c).
   2569   template<typename _CharT>
   2570     inline bool
   2571     ispunct(_CharT __c, const locale& __loc)
   2572     { return use_facet<ctype<_CharT> >(__loc).is(ctype_base::punct, __c); }
   2573 
   2574   /// Convenience interface to ctype.is(ctype_base::xdigit, __c).
   2575   template<typename _CharT>
   2576     inline bool
   2577     isxdigit(_CharT __c, const locale& __loc)
   2578     { return use_facet<ctype<_CharT> >(__loc).is(ctype_base::xdigit, __c); }
   2579 
   2580   /// Convenience interface to ctype.is(ctype_base::alnum, __c).
   2581   template<typename _CharT>
   2582     inline bool
   2583     isalnum(_CharT __c, const locale& __loc)
   2584     { return use_facet<ctype<_CharT> >(__loc).is(ctype_base::alnum, __c); }
   2585 
   2586   /// Convenience interface to ctype.is(ctype_base::graph, __c).
   2587   template<typename _CharT>
   2588     inline bool
   2589     isgraph(_CharT __c, const locale& __loc)
   2590     { return use_facet<ctype<_CharT> >(__loc).is(ctype_base::graph, __c); }
   2591 
   2592   /// Convenience interface to ctype.toupper(__c).
   2593   template<typename _CharT>
   2594     inline _CharT
   2595     toupper(_CharT __c, const locale& __loc)
   2596     { return use_facet<ctype<_CharT> >(__loc).toupper(__c); }
   2597 
   2598   /// Convenience interface to ctype.tolower(__c).
   2599   template<typename _CharT>
   2600     inline _CharT
   2601     tolower(_CharT __c, const locale& __loc)
   2602     { return use_facet<ctype<_CharT> >(__loc).tolower(__c); }
   2603 
   2604 _GLIBCXX_END_NAMESPACE_VERSION
   2605 } // namespace std
   2606 
   2607 # include <bits/locale_facets.tcc>
   2608 
   2609 #endif
   2610