src/gtest/gtest.h

// Copyright 2005, Google Inc.
// All rights reserved.
//
// Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
// modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions are
// met:
//
//     * Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
// notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
//     * Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above
// copyright notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer
// in the documentation and/or other materials provided with the
// distribution.
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// contributors may be used to endorse or promote products derived from
// this software without specific prior written permission.
//
// THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND CONTRIBUTORS
// "AS IS" AND ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT
// LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR
// A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE COPYRIGHT
// OWNER OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL,
// SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT
// LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE,
// DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY
// THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT
// (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE
// OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
//
// Author: wan (at) google.com (Zhanyong Wan)
//
// The Google C++ Testing Framework (Google Test)
//
// This header file defines the public API for Google Test.  It should be
// included by any test program that uses Google Test.
//
// IMPORTANT NOTE: Due to limitation of the C++ language, we have to
// leave some internal implementation details in this header file.
// They are clearly marked by comments like this:
//
//   // INTERNAL IMPLEMENTATION - DO NOT USE IN A USER PROGRAM.
//
// Such code is NOT meant to be used by a user directly, and is subject
// to CHANGE WITHOUT NOTICE.  Therefore DO NOT DEPEND ON IT in a user
// program!
//
// Acknowledgment: Google Test borrowed the idea of automatic test
// registration from Barthelemy Dagenais' (barthelemy (at) prologique.com)
// easyUnit framework.

#ifndef GTEST_INCLUDE_GTEST_GTEST_H_
#define GTEST_INCLUDE_GTEST_GTEST_H_

// The following platform macros are used throughout Google Test:
//   _WIN32_WCE      Windows CE     (set in project files)
//   __SYMBIAN32__   Symbian        (set by Symbian tool chain)
//
// Note that even though _MSC_VER and _WIN32_WCE really indicate a compiler
// and a Win32 implementation, respectively, we use them to indicate the
// combination of compiler - Win 32 API - C library, since the code currently
// only supports:
// Windows proper with Visual C++ and MS C library (_MSC_VER && !_WIN32_WCE) and
// Windows Mobile with Visual C++ and no C library (_WIN32_WCE).

#include <gtest/internal/gtest-internal.h>
#include <gtest/internal/gtest-string.h>
#include <gtest/gtest-death-test.h>
#include <gtest/gtest-message.h>
#include <gtest/gtest_prod.h>

// Depending on the platform, different string classes are available.
// On Windows, ::std::string compiles only when exceptions are
// enabled.  On Linux, in addition to ::std::string, Google also makes
// use of class ::string, which has the same interface as
// ::std::string, but has a different implementation.
//
// The user can tell us whether ::std::string is available in his
// environment by defining the macro GTEST_HAS_STD_STRING to either 1
// or 0 on the compiler command line.  He can also define
// GTEST_HAS_GLOBAL_STRING to 1 to indicate that ::string is available
// AND is a distinct type to ::std::string, or define it to 0 to
// indicate otherwise.
//
// If the user's ::std::string and ::string are the same class due to
// aliasing, he should define GTEST_HAS_STD_STRING to 1 and
// GTEST_HAS_GLOBAL_STRING to 0.
//
// If the user doesn't define GTEST_HAS_STD_STRING and/or
// GTEST_HAS_GLOBAL_STRING, they are defined heuristically.

namespace testing {

// The upper limit for valid stack trace depths.
const int kMaxStackTraceDepth = 100;

// This flag specifies the maximum number of stack frames to be
// printed in a failure message.
GTEST_DECLARE_int32(stack_trace_depth);

// This flag controls whether Google Test includes Google Test internal
// stack frames in failure stack traces.
GTEST_DECLARE_bool(show_internal_stack_frames);

// The possible outcomes of a test part (i.e. an assertion or an
// explicit SUCCEED(), FAIL(), or ADD_FAILURE()).
enum TestPartResultType {
  TPRT_SUCCESS,           // Succeeded.
  TPRT_NONFATAL_FAILURE,  // Failed but the test can continue.
  TPRT_FATAL_FAILURE      // Failed and the test should be terminated.
};

namespace internal {

class GTestFlagSaver;

// Converts a streamable value to a String.  A NULL pointer is
// converted to "(null)".  When the input value is a ::string,
// ::std::string, ::wstring, or ::std::wstring object, each NUL
// character in it is replaced with "\\0".
// Declared in gtest-internal.h but defined here, so that it has access
// to the definition of the Message class, required by the ARM
// compiler.
template <typename T>
String StreamableToString(const T& streamable) {
  return (Message() << streamable).GetString();
}

}  // namespace internal

// A class for indicating whether an assertion was successful.  When
// the assertion wasn't successful, the AssertionResult object
// remembers a non-empty message that described how it failed.
//
// This class is useful for defining predicate-format functions to be
// used with predicate assertions (ASSERT_PRED_FORMAT*, etc).
//
// The constructor of AssertionResult is private.  To create an
// instance of this class, use one of the factory functions
// (AssertionSuccess() and AssertionFailure()).
//
// For example, in order to be able to write:
//
//   // Verifies that Foo() returns an even number.
//   EXPECT_PRED_FORMAT1(IsEven, Foo());
//
// you just need to define:
//
//   testing::AssertionResult IsEven(const char* expr, int n) {
//     if ((n % 2) == 0) return testing::AssertionSuccess();
//
//     Message msg;
//     msg << "Expected: " << expr << " is even\n"
//         << "  Actual: it's " << n;
//     return testing::AssertionFailure(msg);
//   }
//
// If Foo() returns 5, you will see the following message:
//
//   Expected: Foo() is even
//     Actual: it's 5
class AssertionResult {
 public:
  // Declares factory functions for making successful and failed
  // assertion results as friends.
  friend AssertionResult AssertionSuccess();
  friend AssertionResult AssertionFailure(const Message&);

  // Returns true iff the assertion succeeded.
  operator bool() const { return failure_message_.c_str() == NULL; }  // NOLINT

  // Returns the assertion's failure message.
  const char* failure_message() const { return failure_message_.c_str(); }

 private:
  // The default constructor.  It is used when the assertion succeeded.
  AssertionResult() {}

  // The constructor used when the assertion failed.
  explicit AssertionResult(const internal::String& failure_message);

  // Stores the assertion's failure message.
  internal::String failure_message_;
};

// Makes a successful assertion result.
AssertionResult AssertionSuccess();

// Makes a failed assertion result with the given failure message.
AssertionResult AssertionFailure(const Message& msg);

// The abstract class that all tests inherit from.
//
// In Google Test, a unit test program contains one or many TestCases, and
// each TestCase contains one or many Tests.
//
// When you define a test using the TEST macro, you don't need to
// explicitly derive from Test - the TEST macro automatically does
// this for you.
//
// The only time you derive from Test is when defining a test fixture
// to be used a TEST_F.  For example:
//
//   class FooTest : public testing::Test {
//    protected:
//     virtual void SetUp() { ... }
//     virtual void TearDown() { ... }
//     ...
//   };
//
//   TEST_F(FooTest, Bar) { ... }
//   TEST_F(FooTest, Baz) { ... }
//
// Test is not copyable.
class Test {
 public:
  friend class internal::TestInfoImpl;

  // Defines types for pointers to functions that set up and tear down
  // a test case.
  typedef void (*SetUpTestCaseFunc)();
  typedef void (*TearDownTestCaseFunc)();

  // The d'tor is virtual as we intend to inherit from Test.
  virtual ~Test();

  // Returns true iff the current test has a fatal failure.
  static bool HasFatalFailure();

  // Logs a property for the current test.  Only the last value for a given
  // key is remembered.
  // These are public static so they can be called from utility functions
  // that are not members of the test fixture.
  // The arguments are const char* instead strings, as Google Test is used
  // on platforms where string doesn't compile.
  //
  // Note that a driving consideration for these RecordProperty methods
  // was to produce xml output suited to the Greenspan charting utility,
  // which at present will only chart values that fit in a 32-bit int. It
  // is the user's responsibility to restrict their values to 32-bit ints
  // if they intend them to be used with Greenspan.
  static void RecordProperty(const char* key, const char* value);
  static void RecordProperty(const char* key, int value);

 protected:
  // Creates a Test object.
  Test();

  // Sets up the stuff shared by all tests in this test case.
  //
  // Google Test will call Foo::SetUpTestCase() before running the first
  // test in test case Foo.  Hence a sub-class can define its own
  // SetUpTestCase() method to shadow the one defined in the super
  // class.
  static void SetUpTestCase() {}

  // Tears down the stuff shared by all tests in this test case.
  //
  // Google Test will call Foo::TearDownTestCase() after running the last
  // test in test case Foo.  Hence a sub-class can define its own
  // TearDownTestCase() method to shadow the one defined in the super
  // class.
  static void TearDownTestCase() {}

  // Sets up the test fixture.
  virtual void SetUp();

  // Tears down the test fixture.
  virtual void TearDown();

 private:
  // Returns true iff the current test has the same fixture class as
  // the first test in the current test case.
  static bool HasSameFixtureClass();

  // Runs the test after the test fixture has been set up.
  //
  // A sub-class must implement this to define the test logic.
  //
  // DO NOT OVERRIDE THIS FUNCTION DIRECTLY IN A USER PROGRAM.
  // Instead, use the TEST or TEST_F macro.
  virtual void TestBody() = 0;

  // Sets up, executes, and tears down the test.
  void Run();

  // Uses a GTestFlagSaver to save and restore all Google Test flags.
  const internal::GTestFlagSaver* const gtest_flag_saver_;

  // Often a user mis-spells SetUp() as Setup() and spends a long time
  // wondering why it is never called by Google Test.  The declaration of
  // the following method is solely for catching such an error at
  // compile time:
  //
  //   - The return type is deliberately chosen to be not void, so it
  //   will be a conflict if a user declares void Setup() in his test
  //   fixture.
  //
  //   - This method is private, so it will be another compiler error
  //   if a user calls it from his test fixture.
  //
  // DO NOT OVERRIDE THIS FUNCTION.
  //
  // If you see an error about overriding the following function or
  // about it being private, you have mis-spelled SetUp() as Setup().
  struct Setup_should_be_spelled_SetUp {};
  virtual Setup_should_be_spelled_SetUp* Setup() { return NULL; }

  // We disallow copying Tests.
  GTEST_DISALLOW_COPY_AND_ASSIGN(Test);
};


// Defines the type of a function pointer that creates a Test object
// when invoked.
typedef Test* (*TestMaker)();


// A TestInfo object stores the following information about a test:
//
//   Test case name
//   Test name
//   Whether the test should be run
//   A function pointer that creates the test object when invoked
//   Test result
//
// The constructor of TestInfo registers itself with the UnitTest
// singleton such that the RUN_ALL_TESTS() macro knows which tests to
// run.
class TestInfo {
 public:
  // Destructs a TestInfo object.  This function is not virtual, so
  // don't inherit from TestInfo.
  ~TestInfo();

  // Creates a TestInfo object and registers it with the UnitTest
  // singleton; returns the created object.
  //
  // Arguments:
  //
  //   test_case_name:   name of the test case
  //   name:             name of the test
  //   fixture_class_id: ID of the test fixture class
  //   set_up_tc:        pointer to the function that sets up the test case
  //   tear_down_tc:     pointer to the function that tears down the test case
  //   maker:            pointer to the function that creates a test object
  //
  // This is public only because it's needed by the TEST and TEST_F macros.
  // INTERNAL IMPLEMENTATION - DO NOT USE IN A USER PROGRAM.
  static TestInfo* MakeAndRegisterInstance(
      const char* test_case_name,
      const char* name,
      internal::TypeId fixture_class_id,
      Test::SetUpTestCaseFunc set_up_tc,
      Test::TearDownTestCaseFunc tear_down_tc,
      TestMaker maker);

  // Returns the test case name.
  const char* test_case_name() const;

  // Returns the test name.
  const char* name() const;

  // Returns true if this test should run.
  //
  // Google Test allows the user to filter the tests by their full names.
  // The full name of a test Bar in test case Foo is defined as
  // "Foo.Bar".  Only the tests that match the filter will run.
  //
  // A filter is a colon-separated list of glob (not regex) patterns,
  // optionally followed by a '-' and a colon-separated list of
  // negative patterns (tests to exclude).  A test is run if it
  // matches one of the positive patterns and does not match any of
  // the negative patterns.
  //
  // For example, *A*:Foo.* is a filter that matches any string that
  // contains the character 'A' or starts with "Foo.".
  bool should_run() const;

  // Returns the result of the test.
  const internal::TestResult* result() const;
 private:
#ifdef GTEST_HAS_DEATH_TEST
  friend class internal::DefaultDeathTestFactory;
#endif  // GTEST_HAS_DEATH_TEST
  friend class internal::TestInfoImpl;
  friend class internal::UnitTestImpl;
  friend class Test;
  friend class TestCase;

  // Increments the number of death tests encountered in this test so
  // far.
  int increment_death_test_count();

  // Accessors for the implementation object.
  internal::TestInfoImpl* impl() { return impl_; }
  const internal::TestInfoImpl* impl() const { return impl_; }

  // Constructs a TestInfo object.
  TestInfo(const char* test_case_name, const char* name,
           internal::TypeId fixture_class_id, TestMaker maker);

  // An opaque implementation object.
  internal::TestInfoImpl* impl_;

  GTEST_DISALLOW_COPY_AND_ASSIGN(TestInfo);
};

// An Environment object is capable of setting up and tearing down an
// environment.  The user should subclass this to define his own
// environment(s).
//
// An Environment object does the set-up and tear-down in virtual
// methods SetUp() and TearDown() instead of the constructor and the
// destructor, as:
//
//   1. You cannot safely throw from a destructor.  This is a problem
//      as in some cases Google Test is used where exceptions are enabled, and
//      we may want to implement ASSERT_* using exceptions where they are
//      available.
//   2. You cannot use ASSERT_* directly in a constructor or
//      destructor.
class Environment {
 public:
  // The d'tor is virtual as we need to subclass Environment.
  virtual ~Environment() {}

  // Override this to define how to set up the environment.
  virtual void SetUp() {}

  // Override this to define how to tear down the environment.
  virtual void TearDown() {}
 private:
  // If you see an error about overriding the following function or
  // about it being private, you have mis-spelled SetUp() as Setup().
  struct Setup_should_be_spelled_SetUp {};
  virtual Setup_should_be_spelled_SetUp* Setup() { return NULL; }
};

// A UnitTest consists of a list of TestCases.
//
// This is a singleton class.  The only instance of UnitTest is
// created when UnitTest::GetInstance() is first called.  This
// instance is never deleted.
//
// UnitTest is not copyable.
//
// This class is thread-safe as long as the methods are called
// according to their specification.
class UnitTest {
 public:
  // Gets the singleton UnitTest object.  The first time this method
  // is called, a UnitTest object is constructed and returned.
  // Consecutive calls will return the same object.
  static UnitTest* GetInstance();

  // Registers and returns a global test environment.  When a test
  // program is run, all global test environments will be set-up in
  // the order they were registered.  After all tests in the program
  // have finished, all global test environments will be torn-down in
  // the *reverse* order they were registered.
  //
  // The UnitTest object takes ownership of the given environment.
  //
  // This method can only be called from the main thread.
  Environment* AddEnvironment(Environment* env);

  // Adds a TestPartResult to the current TestResult object.  All
  // Google Test assertion macros (e.g. ASSERT_TRUE, EXPECT_EQ, etc)
  // eventually call this to report their results.  The user code
  // should use the assertion macros instead of calling this directly.
  //
  // INTERNAL IMPLEMENTATION - DO NOT USE IN A USER PROGRAM.
  void AddTestPartResult(TestPartResultType result_type,
                         const char* file_name,
                         int line_number,
                         const internal::String& message,
                         const internal::String& os_stack_trace);

  // Adds a TestProperty to the current TestResult object. If the result already
  // contains a property with the same key, the value will be updated.
  void RecordPropertyForCurrentTest(const char* key, const char* value);

  // Runs all tests in this UnitTest object and prints the result.
  // Returns 0 if successful, or 1 otherwise.
  //
  // This method can only be called from the main thread.
  //
  // INTERNAL IMPLEMENTATION - DO NOT USE IN A USER PROGRAM.
  int Run() GTEST_MUST_USE_RESULT;

  // Returns the TestCase object for the test that's currently running,
  // or NULL if no test is running.
  const TestCase* current_test_case() const;

  // Returns the TestInfo object for the test that's currently running,
  // or NULL if no test is running.
  const TestInfo* current_test_info() const;

  // Accessors for the implementation object.
  internal::UnitTestImpl* impl() { return impl_; }
  const internal::UnitTestImpl* impl() const { return impl_; }
 private:
  // ScopedTrace is a friend as it needs to modify the per-thread
  // trace stack, which is a private member of UnitTest.
  friend class internal::ScopedTrace;

  // Creates an empty UnitTest.
  UnitTest();

  // D'tor
  virtual ~UnitTest();

  // Pushes a trace defined by SCOPED_TRACE() on to the per-thread
  // Google Test trace stack.
  void PushGTestTrace(const internal::TraceInfo& trace);

  // Pops a trace from the per-thread Google Test trace stack.
  void PopGTestTrace();

  // Protects mutable state in *impl_.  This is mutable as some const
  // methods need to lock it too.
  mutable internal::Mutex mutex_;

  // Opaque implementation object.  This field is never changed once
  // the object is constructed.  We don't mark it as const here, as
  // doing so will cause a warning in the constructor of UnitTest.
  // Mutable state in *impl_ is protected by mutex_.
  internal::UnitTestImpl* impl_;

  // We disallow copying UnitTest.
  GTEST_DISALLOW_COPY_AND_ASSIGN(UnitTest);
};

// A convenient wrapper for adding an environment for the test
// program.
//
// You should call this before RUN_ALL_TESTS() is called, probably in
// main().  If you use gtest_main, you need to call this before main()
// starts for it to take effect.  For example, you can define a global
// variable like this:
//
//   testing::Environment* const foo_env =
//       testing::AddGlobalTestEnvironment(new FooEnvironment);
//
// However, we strongly recommend you to write your own main() and
// call AddGlobalTestEnvironment() there, as relying on initialization
// of global variables makes the code harder to read and may cause
// problems when you register multiple environments from different
// translation units and the environments have dependencies among them
// (remember that the compiler doesn't guarantee the order in which
// global variables from different translation units are initialized).
inline Environment* AddGlobalTestEnvironment(Environment* env) {
  return UnitTest::GetInstance()->AddEnvironment(env);
}

// Initializes Google Test.  This must be called before calling
// RUN_ALL_TESTS().  In particular, it parses a command line for the
// flags that Google Test recognizes.  Whenever a Google Test flag is
// seen, it is removed from argv, and *argc is decremented.
//
// No value is returned.  Instead, the Google Test flag variables are
// updated.
void InitGoogleTest(int* argc, char** argv);

// This overloaded version can be used in Windows programs compiled in
// UNICODE mode.
#ifdef GTEST_OS_WINDOWS
void InitGoogleTest(int* argc, wchar_t** argv);
#endif  // GTEST_OS_WINDOWS

namespace internal {

// These overloaded versions handle ::std::string and ::std::wstring.
#if GTEST_HAS_STD_STRING
inline String FormatForFailureMessage(const ::std::string& str) {
  return (Message() << '"' << str << '"').GetString();
}
#endif  // GTEST_HAS_STD_STRING

#if GTEST_HAS_STD_WSTRING
inline String FormatForFailureMessage(const ::std::wstring& wstr) {
  return (Message() << "L\"" << wstr << '"').GetString();
}
#endif  // GTEST_HAS_STD_WSTRING

// These overloaded versions handle ::string and ::wstring.
#if GTEST_HAS_GLOBAL_STRING
inline String FormatForFailureMessage(const ::string& str) {
  return (Message() << '"' << str << '"').GetString();
}
#endif  // GTEST_HAS_GLOBAL_STRING

#if GTEST_HAS_GLOBAL_WSTRING
inline String FormatForFailureMessage(const ::wstring& wstr) {
  return (Message() << "L\"" << wstr << '"').GetString();
}
#endif  // GTEST_HAS_GLOBAL_WSTRING

// Formats a comparison assertion (e.g. ASSERT_EQ, EXPECT_LT, and etc)
// operand to be used in a failure message.  The type (but not value)
// of the other operand may affect the format.  This allows us to
// print a char* as a raw pointer when it is compared against another
// char*, and print it as a C string when it is compared against an
// std::string object, for example.
//
// The default implementation ignores the type of the other operand.
// Some specialized versions are used to handle formatting wide or
// narrow C strings.
//
// INTERNAL IMPLEMENTATION - DO NOT USE IN A USER PROGRAM.
template <typename T1, typename T2>
String FormatForComparisonFailureMessage(const T1& value,
                                         const T2& /* other_operand */) {
  return FormatForFailureMessage(value);
}

// The helper function for {ASSERT|EXPECT}_EQ.
template <typename T1, typename T2>
AssertionResult CmpHelperEQ(const char* expected_expression,
                            const char* actual_expression,
                            const T1& expected,
                            const T2& actual) {
  if (expected == actual) {
    return AssertionSuccess();
  }

  return EqFailure(expected_expression,
                   actual_expression,
                   FormatForComparisonFailureMessage(expected, actual),
                   FormatForComparisonFailureMessage(actual, expected),
                   false);
}

// With this overloaded version, we allow anonymous enums to be used
// in {ASSERT|EXPECT}_EQ when compiled with gcc 4, as anonymous enums
// can be implicitly cast to BiggestInt.
AssertionResult CmpHelperEQ(const char* expected_expression,
                            const char* actual_expression,
                            BiggestInt expected,
                            BiggestInt actual);

// The helper class for {ASSERT|EXPECT}_EQ.  The template argument
// lhs_is_null_literal is true iff the first argument to ASSERT_EQ()
// is a null pointer literal.  The following default implementation is
// for lhs_is_null_literal being false.
template <bool lhs_is_null_literal>
class EqHelper {
 public:
  // This templatized version is for the general case.
  template <typename T1, typename T2>
  static AssertionResult Compare(const char* expected_expression,
                                 const char* actual_expression,
                                 const T1& expected,
                                 const T2& actual) {
    return CmpHelperEQ(expected_expression, actual_expression, expected,
                       actual);
  }

  // With this overloaded version, we allow anonymous enums to be used
  // in {ASSERT|EXPECT}_EQ when compiled with gcc 4, as anonymous
  // enums can be implicitly cast to BiggestInt.
  //
  // Even though its body looks the same as the above version, we
  // cannot merge the two, as it will make anonymous enums unhappy.
  static AssertionResult Compare(const char* expected_expression,
                                 const char* actual_expression,
                                 BiggestInt expected,
                                 BiggestInt actual) {
    return CmpHelperEQ(expected_expression, actual_expression, expected,
                       actual);
  }
};

// This specialization is used when the first argument to ASSERT_EQ()
// is a null pointer literal.
template <>
class EqHelper<true> {
 public:
  // We define two overloaded versions of Compare().  The first
  // version will be picked when the second argument to ASSERT_EQ() is
  // NOT a pointer, e.g. ASSERT_EQ(0, AnIntFunction()) or
  // EXPECT_EQ(false, a_bool).
  template <typename T1, typename T2>
  static AssertionResult Compare(const char* expected_expression,
                                 const char* actual_expression,
                                 const T1& expected,
                                 const T2& actual) {
    return CmpHelperEQ(expected_expression, actual_expression, expected,
                       actual);
  }

  // This version will be picked when the second argument to
  // ASSERT_EQ() is a pointer, e.g. ASSERT_EQ(NULL, a_pointer).
  template <typename T1, typename T2>
  static AssertionResult Compare(const char* expected_expression,
                                 const char* actual_expression,
                                 const T1& expected,
                                 T2* actual) {
    // We already know that 'expected' is a null pointer.
    return CmpHelperEQ(expected_expression, actual_expression,
                       static_cast<T2*>(NULL), actual);
  }
};

// A macro for implementing the helper functions needed to implement
// ASSERT_?? and EXPECT_??.  It is here just to avoid copy-and-paste
// of similar code.
//
// For each templatized helper function, we also define an overloaded
// version for BiggestInt in order to reduce code bloat and allow
// anonymous enums to be used with {ASSERT|EXPECT}_?? when compiled
// with gcc 4.
//
// INTERNAL IMPLEMENTATION - DO NOT USE IN A USER PROGRAM.
#define GTEST_IMPL_CMP_HELPER(op_name, op)\
template <typename T1, typename T2>\
AssertionResult CmpHelper##op_name(const char* expr1, const char* expr2, \
                                   const T1& val1, const T2& val2) {\
  if (val1 op val2) {\
    return AssertionSuccess();\
  } else {\
    Message msg;\
    msg << "Expected: (" << expr1 << ") " #op " (" << expr2\
        << "), actual: " << FormatForComparisonFailureMessage(val1, val2)\
        << " vs " << FormatForComparisonFailureMessage(val2, val1);\
    return AssertionFailure(msg);\
  }\
}\
AssertionResult CmpHelper##op_name(const char* expr1, const char* expr2, \
                                   BiggestInt val1, BiggestInt val2);

// INTERNAL IMPLEMENTATION - DO NOT USE IN A USER PROGRAM.

// Implements the helper function for {ASSERT|EXPECT}_NE
GTEST_IMPL_CMP_HELPER(NE, !=)
// Implements the helper function for {ASSERT|EXPECT}_LE
GTEST_IMPL_CMP_HELPER(LE, <=)
// Implements the helper function for {ASSERT|EXPECT}_LT
GTEST_IMPL_CMP_HELPER(LT, < )
// Implements the helper function for {ASSERT|EXPECT}_GE
GTEST_IMPL_CMP_HELPER(GE, >=)
// Implements the helper function for {ASSERT|EXPECT}_GT
GTEST_IMPL_CMP_HELPER(GT, > )

#undef GTEST_IMPL_CMP_HELPER

// The helper function for {ASSERT|EXPECT}_STREQ.
//
// INTERNAL IMPLEMENTATION - DO NOT USE IN A USER PROGRAM.
AssertionResult CmpHelperSTREQ(const char* expected_expression,
                               const char* actual_expression,
                               const char* expected,
                               const char* actual);

// The helper function for {ASSERT|EXPECT}_STRCASEEQ.
//
// INTERNAL IMPLEMENTATION - DO NOT USE IN A USER PROGRAM.
AssertionResult CmpHelperSTRCASEEQ(const char* expected_expression,
                                   const char* actual_expression,
                                   const char* expected,
                                   const char* actual);

// The helper function for {ASSERT|EXPECT}_STRNE.
//
// INTERNAL IMPLEMENTATION - DO NOT USE IN A USER PROGRAM.
AssertionResult CmpHelperSTRNE(const char* s1_expression,
                               const char* s2_expression,
                               const char* s1,
                               const char* s2);

// The helper function for {ASSERT|EXPECT}_STRCASENE.
//
// INTERNAL IMPLEMENTATION - DO NOT USE IN A USER PROGRAM.
AssertionResult CmpHelperSTRCASENE(const char* s1_expression,
                                   const char* s2_expression,
                                   const char* s1,
                                   const char* s2);


// Helper function for *_STREQ on wide strings.
//
// INTERNAL IMPLEMENTATION - DO NOT USE IN A USER PROGRAM.
AssertionResult CmpHelperSTREQ(const char* expected_expression,
                               const char* actual_expression,
                               const wchar_t* expected,
                               const wchar_t* actual);

// Helper function for *_STRNE on wide strings.
//
// INTERNAL IMPLEMENTATION - DO NOT USE IN A USER PROGRAM.
AssertionResult CmpHelperSTRNE(const char* s1_expression,
                               const char* s2_expression,
                               const wchar_t* s1,
                               const wchar_t* s2);

}  // namespace internal

// IsSubstring() and IsNotSubstring() are intended to be used as the
// first argument to {EXPECT,ASSERT}_PRED_FORMAT2(), not by
// themselves.  They check whether needle is a substring of haystack
// (NULL is considered a substring of itself only), and return an
// appropriate error message when they fail.
//
// The {needle,haystack}_expr arguments are the stringified
// expressions that generated the two real arguments.
AssertionResult IsSubstring(
    const char* needle_expr, const char* haystack_expr,
    const char* needle, const char* haystack);
AssertionResult IsSubstring(
    const char* needle_expr, const char* haystack_expr,
    const wchar_t* needle, const wchar_t* haystack);
AssertionResult IsNotSubstring(
    const char* needle_expr, const char* haystack_expr,
    const char* needle, const char* haystack);
AssertionResult IsNotSubstring(
    const char* needle_expr, const char* haystack_expr,
    const wchar_t* needle, const wchar_t* haystack);
#if GTEST_HAS_STD_STRING
AssertionResult IsSubstring(
    const char* needle_expr, const char* haystack_expr,
    const ::std::string& needle, const ::std::string& haystack);
AssertionResult IsNotSubstring(
    const char* needle_expr, const char* haystack_expr,
    const ::std::string& needle, const ::std::string& haystack);
#endif  // GTEST_HAS_STD_STRING

#if GTEST_HAS_STD_WSTRING
AssertionResult IsSubstring(
    const char* needle_expr, const char* haystack_expr,
    const ::std::wstring& needle, const ::std::wstring& haystack);
AssertionResult IsNotSubstring(
    const char* needle_expr, const char* haystack_expr,
    const ::std::wstring& needle, const ::std::wstring& haystack);
#endif  // GTEST_HAS_STD_WSTRING

namespace internal {

// Helper template function for comparing floating-points.
//
// Template parameter:
//
//   RawType: the raw floating-point type (either float or double)
//
// INTERNAL IMPLEMENTATION - DO NOT USE IN A USER PROGRAM.
template <typename RawType>
AssertionResult CmpHelperFloatingPointEQ(const char* expected_expression,
                                         const char* actual_expression,
                                         RawType expected,
                                         RawType actual) {
  const FloatingPoint<RawType> lhs(expected), rhs(actual);

  if (lhs.AlmostEquals(rhs)) {
    return AssertionSuccess();
  }

  StrStream expected_ss;
  expected_ss << std::setprecision(std::numeric_limits<RawType>::digits10 + 2)
              << expected;

  StrStream actual_ss;
  actual_ss << std::setprecision(std::numeric_limits<RawType>::digits10 + 2)
            << actual;

  return EqFailure(expected_expression,
                   actual_expression,
                   StrStreamToString(&expected_ss),
                   StrStreamToString(&actual_ss),
                   false);
}

// Helper function for implementing ASSERT_NEAR.
//
// INTERNAL IMPLEMENTATION - DO NOT USE IN A USER PROGRAM.
AssertionResult DoubleNearPredFormat(const char* expr1,
                                     const char* expr2,
                                     const char* abs_error_expr,
                                     double val1,
                                     double val2,
                                     double abs_error);

// INTERNAL IMPLEMENTATION - DO NOT USE IN USER CODE.
// A class that enables one to stream messages to assertion macros
class AssertHelper {
 public:
  // Constructor.
  AssertHelper(TestPartResultType type, const char* file, int line,
               const char* message);
  // Message assignment is a semantic trick to enable assertion
  // streaming; see the GTEST_MESSAGE macro below.
  void operator=(const Message& message) const;
 private:
  TestPartResultType const type_;
  const char*        const file_;
  int                const line_;
  String             const message_;

  GTEST_DISALLOW_COPY_AND_ASSIGN(AssertHelper);
};

}  // namespace internal

// Macros for indicating success/failure in test code.

// ADD_FAILURE unconditionally adds a failure to the current test.
// SUCCEED generates a success - it doesn't automatically make the
// current test successful, as a test is only successful when it has
// no failure.
//
// EXPECT_* verifies that a certain condition is satisfied.  If not,
// it behaves like ADD_FAILURE.  In particular:
//
//   EXPECT_TRUE  verifies that a Boolean condition is true.
//   EXPECT_FALSE verifies that a Boolean condition is false.
//
// FAIL and ASSERT_* are similar to ADD_FAILURE and EXPECT_*, except
// that they will also abort the current function on failure.  People
// usually want the fail-fast behavior of FAIL and ASSERT_*, but those
// writing data-driven tests often find themselves using ADD_FAILURE
// and EXPECT_* more.
//
// Examples:
//
//   EXPECT_TRUE(server.StatusIsOK());
//   ASSERT_FALSE(server.HasPendingRequest(port))
//       << "There are still pending requests " << "on port " << port;

// Generates a nonfatal failure with a generic message.
#define ADD_FAILURE() GTEST_NONFATAL_FAILURE("Failed")

// Generates a fatal failure with a generic message.
#define FAIL() GTEST_FATAL_FAILURE("Failed")

// Generates a success with a generic message.
#define SUCCEED() GTEST_SUCCESS("Succeeded")

// Boolean assertions.
#define EXPECT_TRUE(condition) \
  GTEST_TEST_BOOLEAN(condition, #condition, false, true, \
                     GTEST_NONFATAL_FAILURE)
#define EXPECT_FALSE(condition) \
  GTEST_TEST_BOOLEAN(!(condition), #condition, true, false, \
                     GTEST_NONFATAL_FAILURE)
#define ASSERT_TRUE(condition) \
  GTEST_TEST_BOOLEAN(condition, #condition, false, true, \
                     GTEST_FATAL_FAILURE)
#define ASSERT_FALSE(condition) \
  GTEST_TEST_BOOLEAN(!(condition), #condition, true, false, \
                     GTEST_FATAL_FAILURE)

// Includes the auto-generated header that implements a family of
// generic predicate assertion macros.
#include <gtest/gtest_pred_impl.h>

// Macros for testing equalities and inequalities.
//
//    * {ASSERT|EXPECT}_EQ(expected, actual): Tests that expected == actual
//    * {ASSERT|EXPECT}_NE(v1, v2):           Tests that v1 != v2
//    * {ASSERT|EXPECT}_LT(v1, v2):           Tests that v1 < v2
//    * {ASSERT|EXPECT}_LE(v1, v2):           Tests that v1 <= v2
//    * {ASSERT|EXPECT}_GT(v1, v2):           Tests that v1 > v2
//    * {ASSERT|EXPECT}_GE(v1, v2):           Tests that v1 >= v2
//
// When they are not, Google Test prints both the tested expressions and
// their actual values.  The values must be compatible built-in types,
// or you will get a compiler error.  By "compatible" we mean that the
// values can be compared by the respective operator.
//
// Note:
//
//   1. It is possible to make a user-defined type work with
//   {ASSERT|EXPECT}_??(), but that requires overloading the
//   comparison operators and is thus discouraged by the Google C++
//   Usage Guide.  Therefore, you are advised to use the
//   {ASSERT|EXPECT}_TRUE() macro to assert that two objects are
//   equal.
//
//   2. The {ASSERT|EXPECT}_??() macros do pointer comparisons on
//   pointers (in particular, C strings).  Therefore, if you use it
//   with two C strings, you are testing how their locations in memory
//   are related, not how their content is related.  To compare two C
//   strings by content, use {ASSERT|EXPECT}_STR*().
//
//   3. {ASSERT|EXPECT}_EQ(expected, actual) is preferred to
//   {ASSERT|EXPECT}_TRUE(expected == actual), as the former tells you
//   what the actual value is when it fails, and similarly for the
//   other comparisons.
//
//   4. Do not depend on the order in which {ASSERT|EXPECT}_??()
//   evaluate their arguments, which is undefined.
//
//   5. These macros evaluate their arguments exactly once.
//
// Examples:
//
//   EXPECT_NE(5, Foo());
//   EXPECT_EQ(NULL, a_pointer);
//   ASSERT_LT(i, array_size);
//   ASSERT_GT(records.size(), 0) << "There is no record left.";

#define EXPECT_EQ(expected, actual) \
  EXPECT_PRED_FORMAT2(::testing::internal:: \
                      EqHelper<GTEST_IS_NULL_LITERAL(expected)>::Compare, \
                      expected, actual)
#define EXPECT_NE(expected, actual) \
  EXPECT_PRED_FORMAT2(::testing::internal::CmpHelperNE, expected, actual)
#define EXPECT_LE(val1, val2) \
  EXPECT_PRED_FORMAT2(::testing::internal::CmpHelperLE, val1, val2)
#define EXPECT_LT(val1, val2) \
  EXPECT_PRED_FORMAT2(::testing::internal::CmpHelperLT, val1, val2)
#define EXPECT_GE(val1, val2) \
  EXPECT_PRED_FORMAT2(::testing::internal::CmpHelperGE, val1, val2)
#define EXPECT_GT(val1, val2) \
  EXPECT_PRED_FORMAT2(::testing::internal::CmpHelperGT, val1, val2)

#define ASSERT_EQ(expected, actual) \
  ASSERT_PRED_FORMAT2(::testing::internal:: \
                      EqHelper<GTEST_IS_NULL_LITERAL(expected)>::Compare, \
                      expected, actual)
#define ASSERT_NE(val1, val2) \
  ASSERT_PRED_FORMAT2(::testing::internal::CmpHelperNE, val1, val2)
#define ASSERT_LE(val1, val2) \
  ASSERT_PRED_FORMAT2(::testing::internal::CmpHelperLE, val1, val2)
#define ASSERT_LT(val1, val2) \
  ASSERT_PRED_FORMAT2(::testing::internal::CmpHelperLT, val1, val2)
#define ASSERT_GE(val1, val2) \
  ASSERT_PRED_FORMAT2(::testing::internal::CmpHelperGE, val1, val2)
#define ASSERT_GT(val1, val2) \
  ASSERT_PRED_FORMAT2(::testing::internal::CmpHelperGT, val1, val2)

// C String Comparisons.  All tests treat NULL and any non-NULL string
// as different.  Two NULLs are equal.
//
//    * {ASSERT|EXPECT}_STREQ(s1, s2):     Tests that s1 == s2
//    * {ASSERT|EXPECT}_STRNE(s1, s2):     Tests that s1 != s2
//    * {ASSERT|EXPECT}_STRCASEEQ(s1, s2): Tests that s1 == s2, ignoring case
//    * {ASSERT|EXPECT}_STRCASENE(s1, s2): Tests that s1 != s2, ignoring case
//
// For wide or narrow string objects, you can use the
// {ASSERT|EXPECT}_??() macros.
//
// Don't depend on the order in which the arguments are evaluated,
// which is undefined.
//
// These macros evaluate their arguments exactly once.

#define EXPECT_STREQ(expected, actual) \
  EXPECT_PRED_FORMAT2(::testing::internal::CmpHelperSTREQ, expected, actual)
#define EXPECT_STRNE(s1, s2) \
  EXPECT_PRED_FORMAT2(::testing::internal::CmpHelperSTRNE, s1, s2)
#define EXPECT_STRCASEEQ(expected, actual) \
  EXPECT_PRED_FORMAT2(::testing::internal::CmpHelperSTRCASEEQ, expected, actual)
#define EXPECT_STRCASENE(s1, s2)\
  EXPECT_PRED_FORMAT2(::testing::internal::CmpHelperSTRCASENE, s1, s2)

#define ASSERT_STREQ(expected, actual) \
  ASSERT_PRED_FORMAT2(::testing::internal::CmpHelperSTREQ, expected, actual)
#define ASSERT_STRNE(s1, s2) \
  ASSERT_PRED_FORMAT2(::testing::internal::CmpHelperSTRNE, s1, s2)
#define ASSERT_STRCASEEQ(expected, actual) \
  ASSERT_PRED_FORMAT2(::testing::internal::CmpHelperSTRCASEEQ, expected, actual)
#define ASSERT_STRCASENE(s1, s2)\
  ASSERT_PRED_FORMAT2(::testing::internal::CmpHelperSTRCASENE, s1, s2)

// Macros for comparing floating-point numbers.
//
//    * {ASSERT|EXPECT}_FLOAT_EQ(expected, actual):
//         Tests that two float values are almost equal.
//    * {ASSERT|EXPECT}_DOUBLE_EQ(expected, actual):
//         Tests that two double values are almost equal.
//    * {ASSERT|EXPECT}_NEAR(v1, v2, abs_error):
//         Tests that v1 and v2 are within the given distance to each other.
//
// Google Test uses ULP-based comparison to automatically pick a default
// error bound that is appropriate for the operands.  See the
// FloatingPoint template class in gtest-internal.h if you are
// interested in the implementation details.

#define EXPECT_FLOAT_EQ(expected, actual)\
  EXPECT_PRED_FORMAT2(::testing::internal::CmpHelperFloatingPointEQ<float>, \
                      expected, actual)

#define EXPECT_DOUBLE_EQ(expected, actual)\
  EXPECT_PRED_FORMAT2(::testing::internal::CmpHelperFloatingPointEQ<double>, \
                      expected, actual)

#define ASSERT_FLOAT_EQ(expected, actual)\
  ASSERT_PRED_FORMAT2(::testing::internal::CmpHelperFloatingPointEQ<float>, \
                      expected, actual)

#define ASSERT_DOUBLE_EQ(expected, actual)\
  ASSERT_PRED_FORMAT2(::testing::internal::CmpHelperFloatingPointEQ<double>, \
                      expected, actual)

#define EXPECT_NEAR(val1, val2, abs_error)\
  EXPECT_PRED_FORMAT3(::testing::internal::DoubleNearPredFormat, \
                      val1, val2, abs_error)

#define ASSERT_NEAR(val1, val2, abs_error)\
  ASSERT_PRED_FORMAT3(::testing::internal::DoubleNearPredFormat, \
                      val1, val2, abs_error)

// These predicate format functions work on floating-point values, and
// can be used in {ASSERT|EXPECT}_PRED_FORMAT2*(), e.g.
//
//   EXPECT_PRED_FORMAT2(testing::DoubleLE, Foo(), 5.0);

// Asserts that val1 is less than, or almost equal to, val2.  Fails
// otherwise.  In particular, it fails if either val1 or val2 is NaN.
AssertionResult FloatLE(const char* expr1, const char* expr2,
                        float val1, float val2);
AssertionResult DoubleLE(const char* expr1, const char* expr2,
                         double val1, double val2);


#ifdef GTEST_OS_WINDOWS

// Macros that test for HRESULT failure and success, these are only useful
// on Windows, and rely on Windows SDK macros and APIs to compile.
//
//    * {ASSERT|EXPECT}_HRESULT_{SUCCEEDED|FAILED}(expr)
//
// When expr unexpectedly fails or succeeds, Google Test prints the expected result
// and the actual result with both a human-readable string representation of
// the error, if available, as well as the hex result code.
#define EXPECT_HRESULT_SUCCEEDED(expr) \
    EXPECT_PRED_FORMAT1(::testing::internal::IsHRESULTSuccess, (expr))

#define ASSERT_HRESULT_SUCCEEDED(expr) \
    ASSERT_PRED_FORMAT1(::testing::internal::IsHRESULTSuccess, (expr))

#define EXPECT_HRESULT_FAILED(expr) \
    EXPECT_PRED_FORMAT1(::testing::internal::IsHRESULTFailure, (expr))

#define ASSERT_HRESULT_FAILED(expr) \
    ASSERT_PRED_FORMAT1(::testing::internal::IsHRESULTFailure, (expr))

#endif  // GTEST_OS_WINDOWS


// Causes a trace (including the source file path, the current line
// number, and the given message) to be included in every test failure
// message generated by code in the current scope.  The effect is
// undone when the control leaves the current scope.
//
// The message argument can be anything streamable to std::ostream.
//
// In the implementation, we include the current line number as part
// of the dummy variable name, thus allowing multiple SCOPED_TRACE()s
// to appear in the same block - as long as they are on different
// lines.
#define SCOPED_TRACE(message) \
  ::testing::internal::ScopedTrace GTEST_CONCAT_TOKEN(gtest_trace_, __LINE__)(\
    __FILE__, __LINE__, ::testing::Message() << (message))


// Defines a test.
//
// The first parameter is the name of the test case, and the second
// parameter is the name of the test within the test case.
//
// The convention is to end the test case name with "Test".  For
// example, a test case for the Foo class can be named FooTest.
//
// The user should put his test code between braces after using this
// macro.  Example:
//
//   TEST(FooTest, InitializesCorrectly) {
//     Foo foo;
//     EXPECT_TRUE(foo.StatusIsOK());
//   }

#define TEST(test_case_name, test_name)\
  GTEST_TEST(test_case_name, test_name, ::testing::Test)


// Defines a test that uses a test fixture.
//
// The first parameter is the name of the test fixture class, which
// also doubles as the test case name.  The second parameter is the
// name of the test within the test case.
//
// A test fixture class must be declared earlier.  The user should put
// his test code between braces after using this macro.  Example:
//
//   class FooTest : public testing::Test {
//    protected:
//     virtual void SetUp() { b_.AddElement(3); }
//
//     Foo a_;
//     Foo b_;
//   };
//
//   TEST_F(FooTest, InitializesCorrectly) {
//     EXPECT_TRUE(a_.StatusIsOK());
//   }
//
//   TEST_F(FooTest, ReturnsElementCountCorrectly) {
//     EXPECT_EQ(0, a_.size());
//     EXPECT_EQ(1, b_.size());
//   }

#define TEST_F(test_fixture, test_name)\
  GTEST_TEST(test_fixture, test_name, test_fixture)

// Use this macro in main() to run all tests.  It returns 0 if all
// tests are successful, or 1 otherwise.
//
// RUN_ALL_TESTS() should be invoked after the command line has been
// parsed by InitGoogleTest().

#define RUN_ALL_TESTS()\
  (::testing::UnitTest::GetInstance()->Run())

}  // namespace testing

#endif  // GTEST_INCLUDE_GTEST_GTEST_H_