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      1 // Map implementation -*- C++ -*-
      2 
      3 // Copyright (C) 2001, 2002, 2003, 2004, 2005, 2006, 2007, 2008, 2009, 2010,
      4 // 2011, 2012 Free Software Foundation, Inc.
      5 //
      6 // This file is part of the GNU ISO C++ Library.  This library is free
      7 // software; you can redistribute it and/or modify it under the
      8 // terms of the GNU General Public License as published by the
      9 // Free Software Foundation; either version 3, or (at your option)
     10 // any later version.
     11 
     12 // This library is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
     13 // but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
     14 // MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the
     15 // GNU General Public License for more details.
     16 
     17 // Under Section 7 of GPL version 3, you are granted additional
     18 // permissions described in the GCC Runtime Library Exception, version
     19 // 3.1, as published by the Free Software Foundation.
     20 
     21 // You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License and
     22 // a copy of the GCC Runtime Library Exception along with this program;
     23 // see the files COPYING3 and COPYING.RUNTIME respectively.  If not, see
     24 // <http://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
     25 
     26 /*
     27  *
     28  * Copyright (c) 1994
     29  * Hewlett-Packard Company
     30  *
     31  * Permission to use, copy, modify, distribute and sell this software
     32  * and its documentation for any purpose is hereby granted without fee,
     33  * provided that the above copyright notice appear in all copies and
     34  * that both that copyright notice and this permission notice appear
     35  * in supporting documentation.  Hewlett-Packard Company makes no
     36  * representations about the suitability of this software for any
     37  * purpose.  It is provided "as is" without express or implied warranty.
     38  *
     39  *
     40  * Copyright (c) 1996,1997
     41  * Silicon Graphics Computer Systems, Inc.
     42  *
     43  * Permission to use, copy, modify, distribute and sell this software
     44  * and its documentation for any purpose is hereby granted without fee,
     45  * provided that the above copyright notice appear in all copies and
     46  * that both that copyright notice and this permission notice appear
     47  * in supporting documentation.  Silicon Graphics makes no
     48  * representations about the suitability of this software for any
     49  * purpose.  It is provided "as is" without express or implied warranty.
     50  */
     51 
     52 /** @file bits/stl_map.h
     53  *  This is an internal header file, included by other library headers.
     54  *  Do not attempt to use it directly. @headername{map}
     55  */
     56 
     57 #ifndef _STL_MAP_H
     58 #define _STL_MAP_H 1
     59 
     60 #include <bits/functexcept.h>
     61 #include <bits/concept_check.h>
     62 #ifdef __GXX_EXPERIMENTAL_CXX0X__
     63 #include <initializer_list>
     64 #endif
     65 
     66 namespace std _GLIBCXX_VISIBILITY(default)
     67 {
     68 _GLIBCXX_BEGIN_NAMESPACE_CONTAINER
     69 
     70   /**
     71    *  @brief A standard container made up of (key,value) pairs, which can be
     72    *  retrieved based on a key, in logarithmic time.
     73    *
     74    *  @ingroup associative_containers
     75    *
     76    *  Meets the requirements of a <a href="tables.html#65">container</a>, a
     77    *  <a href="tables.html#66">reversible container</a>, and an
     78    *  <a href="tables.html#69">associative container</a> (using unique keys).
     79    *  For a @c map<Key,T> the key_type is Key, the mapped_type is T, and the
     80    *  value_type is std::pair<const Key,T>.
     81    *
     82    *  Maps support bidirectional iterators.
     83    *
     84    *  The private tree data is declared exactly the same way for map and
     85    *  multimap; the distinction is made entirely in how the tree functions are
     86    *  called (*_unique versus *_equal, same as the standard).
     87   */
     88   template <typename _Key, typename _Tp, typename _Compare = std::less<_Key>,
     89             typename _Alloc = std::allocator<std::pair<const _Key, _Tp> > >
     90     class map
     91     {
     92     public:
     93       typedef _Key                                          key_type;
     94       typedef _Tp                                           mapped_type;
     95       typedef std::pair<const _Key, _Tp>                    value_type;
     96       typedef _Compare                                      key_compare;
     97       typedef _Alloc                                        allocator_type;
     98 
     99     private:
    100       // concept requirements
    101       typedef typename _Alloc::value_type                   _Alloc_value_type;
    102       __glibcxx_class_requires(_Tp, _SGIAssignableConcept)
    103       __glibcxx_class_requires4(_Compare, bool, _Key, _Key,
    104 				_BinaryFunctionConcept)
    105       __glibcxx_class_requires2(value_type, _Alloc_value_type, _SameTypeConcept)
    106 
    107     public:
    108       class value_compare
    109       : public std::binary_function<value_type, value_type, bool>
    110       {
    111 	friend class map<_Key, _Tp, _Compare, _Alloc>;
    112       protected:
    113 	_Compare comp;
    114 
    115 	value_compare(_Compare __c)
    116 	: comp(__c) { }
    117 
    118       public:
    119 	bool operator()(const value_type& __x, const value_type& __y) const
    120 	{ return comp(__x.first, __y.first); }
    121       };
    122 
    123     private:
    124       /// This turns a red-black tree into a [multi]map.
    125       typedef typename _Alloc::template rebind<value_type>::other
    126         _Pair_alloc_type;
    127 
    128       typedef _Rb_tree<key_type, value_type, _Select1st<value_type>,
    129 		       key_compare, _Pair_alloc_type> _Rep_type;
    130 
    131       /// The actual tree structure.
    132       _Rep_type _M_t;
    133 
    134     public:
    135       // many of these are specified differently in ISO, but the following are
    136       // "functionally equivalent"
    137       typedef typename _Pair_alloc_type::pointer         pointer;
    138       typedef typename _Pair_alloc_type::const_pointer   const_pointer;
    139       typedef typename _Pair_alloc_type::reference       reference;
    140       typedef typename _Pair_alloc_type::const_reference const_reference;
    141       typedef typename _Rep_type::iterator               iterator;
    142       typedef typename _Rep_type::const_iterator         const_iterator;
    143       typedef typename _Rep_type::size_type              size_type;
    144       typedef typename _Rep_type::difference_type        difference_type;
    145       typedef typename _Rep_type::reverse_iterator       reverse_iterator;
    146       typedef typename _Rep_type::const_reverse_iterator const_reverse_iterator;
    147 
    148       // [23.3.1.1] construct/copy/destroy
    149       // (get_allocator() is normally listed in this section, but seems to have
    150       // been accidentally omitted in the printed standard)
    151       /**
    152        *  @brief  Default constructor creates no elements.
    153        */
    154       map()
    155       : _M_t() { }
    156 
    157       /**
    158        *  @brief  Creates a %map with no elements.
    159        *  @param  __comp  A comparison object.
    160        *  @param  __a  An allocator object.
    161        */
    162       explicit
    163       map(const _Compare& __comp,
    164 	  const allocator_type& __a = allocator_type())
    165       : _M_t(__comp, _Pair_alloc_type(__a)) { }
    166 
    167       /**
    168        *  @brief  %Map copy constructor.
    169        *  @param  __x  A %map of identical element and allocator types.
    170        *
    171        *  The newly-created %map uses a copy of the allocation object
    172        *  used by @a __x.
    173        */
    174       map(const map& __x)
    175       : _M_t(__x._M_t) { }
    176 
    177 #ifdef __GXX_EXPERIMENTAL_CXX0X__
    178       /**
    179        *  @brief  %Map move constructor.
    180        *  @param  __x  A %map of identical element and allocator types.
    181        *
    182        *  The newly-created %map contains the exact contents of @a __x.
    183        *  The contents of @a __x are a valid, but unspecified %map.
    184        */
    185       map(map&& __x)
    186       noexcept(is_nothrow_copy_constructible<_Compare>::value)
    187       : _M_t(std::move(__x._M_t)) { }
    188 
    189       /**
    190        *  @brief  Builds a %map from an initializer_list.
    191        *  @param  __l  An initializer_list.
    192        *  @param  __comp  A comparison object.
    193        *  @param  __a  An allocator object.
    194        *
    195        *  Create a %map consisting of copies of the elements in the
    196        *  initializer_list @a __l.
    197        *  This is linear in N if the range is already sorted, and NlogN
    198        *  otherwise (where N is @a __l.size()).
    199        */
    200       map(initializer_list<value_type> __l,
    201 	  const _Compare& __comp = _Compare(),
    202 	  const allocator_type& __a = allocator_type())
    203       : _M_t(__comp, _Pair_alloc_type(__a))
    204       { _M_t._M_insert_unique(__l.begin(), __l.end()); }
    205 #endif
    206 
    207       /**
    208        *  @brief  Builds a %map from a range.
    209        *  @param  __first  An input iterator.
    210        *  @param  __last  An input iterator.
    211        *
    212        *  Create a %map consisting of copies of the elements from
    213        *  [__first,__last).  This is linear in N if the range is
    214        *  already sorted, and NlogN otherwise (where N is
    215        *  distance(__first,__last)).
    216        */
    217       template<typename _InputIterator>
    218         map(_InputIterator __first, _InputIterator __last)
    219 	: _M_t()
    220         { _M_t._M_insert_unique(__first, __last); }
    221 
    222       /**
    223        *  @brief  Builds a %map from a range.
    224        *  @param  __first  An input iterator.
    225        *  @param  __last  An input iterator.
    226        *  @param  __comp  A comparison functor.
    227        *  @param  __a  An allocator object.
    228        *
    229        *  Create a %map consisting of copies of the elements from
    230        *  [__first,__last).  This is linear in N if the range is
    231        *  already sorted, and NlogN otherwise (where N is
    232        *  distance(__first,__last)).
    233        */
    234       template<typename _InputIterator>
    235         map(_InputIterator __first, _InputIterator __last,
    236 	    const _Compare& __comp,
    237 	    const allocator_type& __a = allocator_type())
    238 	: _M_t(__comp, _Pair_alloc_type(__a))
    239         { _M_t._M_insert_unique(__first, __last); }
    240 
    241       // FIXME There is no dtor declared, but we should have something
    242       // generated by Doxygen.  I don't know what tags to add to this
    243       // paragraph to make that happen:
    244       /**
    245        *  The dtor only erases the elements, and note that if the elements
    246        *  themselves are pointers, the pointed-to memory is not touched in any
    247        *  way.  Managing the pointer is the user's responsibility.
    248        */
    249 
    250       /**
    251        *  @brief  %Map assignment operator.
    252        *  @param  __x  A %map of identical element and allocator types.
    253        *
    254        *  All the elements of @a __x are copied, but unlike the copy
    255        *  constructor, the allocator object is not copied.
    256        */
    257       map&
    258       operator=(const map& __x)
    259       {
    260 	_M_t = __x._M_t;
    261 	return *this;
    262       }
    263 
    264 #ifdef __GXX_EXPERIMENTAL_CXX0X__
    265       /**
    266        *  @brief  %Map move assignment operator.
    267        *  @param  __x  A %map of identical element and allocator types.
    268        *
    269        *  The contents of @a __x are moved into this map (without copying).
    270        *  @a __x is a valid, but unspecified %map.
    271        */
    272       map&
    273       operator=(map&& __x)
    274       {
    275 	// NB: DR 1204.
    276 	// NB: DR 675.
    277 	this->clear();
    278 	this->swap(__x);
    279 	return *this;
    280       }
    281 
    282       /**
    283        *  @brief  %Map list assignment operator.
    284        *  @param  __l  An initializer_list.
    285        *
    286        *  This function fills a %map with copies of the elements in the
    287        *  initializer list @a __l.
    288        *
    289        *  Note that the assignment completely changes the %map and
    290        *  that the resulting %map's size is the same as the number
    291        *  of elements assigned.  Old data may be lost.
    292        */
    293       map&
    294       operator=(initializer_list<value_type> __l)
    295       {
    296 	this->clear();
    297 	this->insert(__l.begin(), __l.end());
    298 	return *this;
    299       }
    300 #endif
    301 
    302       /// Get a copy of the memory allocation object.
    303       allocator_type
    304       get_allocator() const _GLIBCXX_NOEXCEPT
    305       { return allocator_type(_M_t.get_allocator()); }
    306 
    307       // iterators
    308       /**
    309        *  Returns a read/write iterator that points to the first pair in the
    310        *  %map.
    311        *  Iteration is done in ascending order according to the keys.
    312        */
    313       iterator
    314       begin() _GLIBCXX_NOEXCEPT
    315       { return _M_t.begin(); }
    316 
    317       /**
    318        *  Returns a read-only (constant) iterator that points to the first pair
    319        *  in the %map.  Iteration is done in ascending order according to the
    320        *  keys.
    321        */
    322       const_iterator
    323       begin() const _GLIBCXX_NOEXCEPT
    324       { return _M_t.begin(); }
    325 
    326       /**
    327        *  Returns a read/write iterator that points one past the last
    328        *  pair in the %map.  Iteration is done in ascending order
    329        *  according to the keys.
    330        */
    331       iterator
    332       end() _GLIBCXX_NOEXCEPT
    333       { return _M_t.end(); }
    334 
    335       /**
    336        *  Returns a read-only (constant) iterator that points one past the last
    337        *  pair in the %map.  Iteration is done in ascending order according to
    338        *  the keys.
    339        */
    340       const_iterator
    341       end() const _GLIBCXX_NOEXCEPT
    342       { return _M_t.end(); }
    343 
    344       /**
    345        *  Returns a read/write reverse iterator that points to the last pair in
    346        *  the %map.  Iteration is done in descending order according to the
    347        *  keys.
    348        */
    349       reverse_iterator
    350       rbegin() _GLIBCXX_NOEXCEPT
    351       { return _M_t.rbegin(); }
    352 
    353       /**
    354        *  Returns a read-only (constant) reverse iterator that points to the
    355        *  last pair in the %map.  Iteration is done in descending order
    356        *  according to the keys.
    357        */
    358       const_reverse_iterator
    359       rbegin() const _GLIBCXX_NOEXCEPT
    360       { return _M_t.rbegin(); }
    361 
    362       /**
    363        *  Returns a read/write reverse iterator that points to one before the
    364        *  first pair in the %map.  Iteration is done in descending order
    365        *  according to the keys.
    366        */
    367       reverse_iterator
    368       rend() _GLIBCXX_NOEXCEPT
    369       { return _M_t.rend(); }
    370 
    371       /**
    372        *  Returns a read-only (constant) reverse iterator that points to one
    373        *  before the first pair in the %map.  Iteration is done in descending
    374        *  order according to the keys.
    375        */
    376       const_reverse_iterator
    377       rend() const _GLIBCXX_NOEXCEPT
    378       { return _M_t.rend(); }
    379 
    380 #ifdef __GXX_EXPERIMENTAL_CXX0X__
    381       /**
    382        *  Returns a read-only (constant) iterator that points to the first pair
    383        *  in the %map.  Iteration is done in ascending order according to the
    384        *  keys.
    385        */
    386       const_iterator
    387       cbegin() const noexcept
    388       { return _M_t.begin(); }
    389 
    390       /**
    391        *  Returns a read-only (constant) iterator that points one past the last
    392        *  pair in the %map.  Iteration is done in ascending order according to
    393        *  the keys.
    394        */
    395       const_iterator
    396       cend() const noexcept
    397       { return _M_t.end(); }
    398 
    399       /**
    400        *  Returns a read-only (constant) reverse iterator that points to the
    401        *  last pair in the %map.  Iteration is done in descending order
    402        *  according to the keys.
    403        */
    404       const_reverse_iterator
    405       crbegin() const noexcept
    406       { return _M_t.rbegin(); }
    407 
    408       /**
    409        *  Returns a read-only (constant) reverse iterator that points to one
    410        *  before the first pair in the %map.  Iteration is done in descending
    411        *  order according to the keys.
    412        */
    413       const_reverse_iterator
    414       crend() const noexcept
    415       { return _M_t.rend(); }
    416 #endif
    417 
    418       // capacity
    419       /** Returns true if the %map is empty.  (Thus begin() would equal
    420        *  end().)
    421       */
    422       bool
    423       empty() const _GLIBCXX_NOEXCEPT
    424       { return _M_t.empty(); }
    425 
    426       /** Returns the size of the %map.  */
    427       size_type
    428       size() const _GLIBCXX_NOEXCEPT
    429       { return _M_t.size(); }
    430 
    431       /** Returns the maximum size of the %map.  */
    432       size_type
    433       max_size() const _GLIBCXX_NOEXCEPT
    434       { return _M_t.max_size(); }
    435 
    436       // [23.3.1.2] element access
    437       /**
    438        *  @brief  Subscript ( @c [] ) access to %map data.
    439        *  @param  __k  The key for which data should be retrieved.
    440        *  @return  A reference to the data of the (key,data) %pair.
    441        *
    442        *  Allows for easy lookup with the subscript ( @c [] )
    443        *  operator.  Returns data associated with the key specified in
    444        *  subscript.  If the key does not exist, a pair with that key
    445        *  is created using default values, which is then returned.
    446        *
    447        *  Lookup requires logarithmic time.
    448        */
    449       mapped_type&
    450       operator[](const key_type& __k)
    451       {
    452 	// concept requirements
    453 	__glibcxx_function_requires(_DefaultConstructibleConcept<mapped_type>)
    454 
    455 	iterator __i = lower_bound(__k);
    456 	// __i->first is greater than or equivalent to __k.
    457 	if (__i == end() || key_comp()(__k, (*__i).first))
    458           __i = insert(__i, value_type(__k, mapped_type()));
    459 	return (*__i).second;
    460       }
    461 
    462 #ifdef __GXX_EXPERIMENTAL_CXX0X__
    463       mapped_type&
    464       operator[](key_type&& __k)
    465       {
    466 	// concept requirements
    467 	__glibcxx_function_requires(_DefaultConstructibleConcept<mapped_type>)
    468 
    469 	iterator __i = lower_bound(__k);
    470 	// __i->first is greater than or equivalent to __k.
    471 	if (__i == end() || key_comp()(__k, (*__i).first))
    472           __i = insert(__i, std::make_pair(std::move(__k), mapped_type()));
    473 	return (*__i).second;
    474       }
    475 #endif
    476 
    477       // _GLIBCXX_RESOLVE_LIB_DEFECTS
    478       // DR 464. Suggestion for new member functions in standard containers.
    479       /**
    480        *  @brief  Access to %map data.
    481        *  @param  __k  The key for which data should be retrieved.
    482        *  @return  A reference to the data whose key is equivalent to @a __k, if
    483        *           such a data is present in the %map.
    484        *  @throw  std::out_of_range  If no such data is present.
    485        */
    486       mapped_type&
    487       at(const key_type& __k)
    488       {
    489 	iterator __i = lower_bound(__k);
    490 	if (__i == end() || key_comp()(__k, (*__i).first))
    491 	  __throw_out_of_range(__N("map::at"));
    492 	return (*__i).second;
    493       }
    494 
    495       const mapped_type&
    496       at(const key_type& __k) const
    497       {
    498 	const_iterator __i = lower_bound(__k);
    499 	if (__i == end() || key_comp()(__k, (*__i).first))
    500 	  __throw_out_of_range(__N("map::at"));
    501 	return (*__i).second;
    502       }
    503 
    504       // modifiers
    505       /**
    506        *  @brief Attempts to insert a std::pair into the %map.
    507 
    508        *  @param __x Pair to be inserted (see std::make_pair for easy
    509        *	     creation of pairs).
    510        *
    511        *  @return  A pair, of which the first element is an iterator that
    512        *           points to the possibly inserted pair, and the second is
    513        *           a bool that is true if the pair was actually inserted.
    514        *
    515        *  This function attempts to insert a (key, value) %pair into the %map.
    516        *  A %map relies on unique keys and thus a %pair is only inserted if its
    517        *  first element (the key) is not already present in the %map.
    518        *
    519        *  Insertion requires logarithmic time.
    520        */
    521       std::pair<iterator, bool>
    522       insert(const value_type& __x)
    523       { return _M_t._M_insert_unique(__x); }
    524 
    525 #ifdef __GXX_EXPERIMENTAL_CXX0X__
    526       template<typename _Pair, typename = typename
    527 	       std::enable_if<std::is_constructible<value_type,
    528 						    _Pair&&>::value>::type>
    529         std::pair<iterator, bool>
    530         insert(_Pair&& __x)
    531         { return _M_t._M_insert_unique(std::forward<_Pair>(__x)); }
    532 #endif
    533 
    534 #ifdef __GXX_EXPERIMENTAL_CXX0X__
    535       /**
    536        *  @brief Attempts to insert a list of std::pairs into the %map.
    537        *  @param  __list  A std::initializer_list<value_type> of pairs to be
    538        *                  inserted.
    539        *
    540        *  Complexity similar to that of the range constructor.
    541        */
    542       void
    543       insert(std::initializer_list<value_type> __list)
    544       { insert(__list.begin(), __list.end()); }
    545 #endif
    546 
    547       /**
    548        *  @brief Attempts to insert a std::pair into the %map.
    549        *  @param  __position  An iterator that serves as a hint as to where the
    550        *                    pair should be inserted.
    551        *  @param  __x  Pair to be inserted (see std::make_pair for easy creation
    552        *               of pairs).
    553        *  @return An iterator that points to the element with key of
    554        *           @a __x (may or may not be the %pair passed in).
    555        *
    556 
    557        *  This function is not concerned about whether the insertion
    558        *  took place, and thus does not return a boolean like the
    559        *  single-argument insert() does.  Note that the first
    560        *  parameter is only a hint and can potentially improve the
    561        *  performance of the insertion process.  A bad hint would
    562        *  cause no gains in efficiency.
    563        *
    564        *  See
    565        *  http://gcc.gnu.org/onlinedocs/libstdc++/manual/bk01pt07ch17.html
    566        *  for more on @a hinting.
    567        *
    568        *  Insertion requires logarithmic time (if the hint is not taken).
    569        */
    570       iterator
    571 #ifdef __GXX_EXPERIMENTAL_CXX0X__
    572       insert(const_iterator __position, const value_type& __x)
    573 #else
    574       insert(iterator __position, const value_type& __x)
    575 #endif
    576       { return _M_t._M_insert_unique_(__position, __x); }
    577 
    578 #ifdef __GXX_EXPERIMENTAL_CXX0X__
    579       template<typename _Pair, typename = typename
    580 	       std::enable_if<std::is_constructible<value_type,
    581 						    _Pair&&>::value>::type>
    582         iterator
    583         insert(const_iterator __position, _Pair&& __x)
    584         { return _M_t._M_insert_unique_(__position,
    585 					std::forward<_Pair>(__x)); }
    586 #endif
    587 
    588       /**
    589        *  @brief Template function that attempts to insert a range of elements.
    590        *  @param  __first  Iterator pointing to the start of the range to be
    591        *                   inserted.
    592        *  @param  __last  Iterator pointing to the end of the range.
    593        *
    594        *  Complexity similar to that of the range constructor.
    595        */
    596       template<typename _InputIterator>
    597         void
    598         insert(_InputIterator __first, _InputIterator __last)
    599         { _M_t._M_insert_unique(__first, __last); }
    600 
    601 #ifdef __GXX_EXPERIMENTAL_CXX0X__
    602       // _GLIBCXX_RESOLVE_LIB_DEFECTS
    603       // DR 130. Associative erase should return an iterator.
    604       /**
    605        *  @brief Erases an element from a %map.
    606        *  @param  __position  An iterator pointing to the element to be erased.
    607        *  @return An iterator pointing to the element immediately following
    608        *          @a position prior to the element being erased. If no such
    609        *          element exists, end() is returned.
    610        *
    611        *  This function erases an element, pointed to by the given
    612        *  iterator, from a %map.  Note that this function only erases
    613        *  the element, and that if the element is itself a pointer,
    614        *  the pointed-to memory is not touched in any way.  Managing
    615        *  the pointer is the user's responsibility.
    616        */
    617       iterator
    618       erase(const_iterator __position)
    619       { return _M_t.erase(__position); }
    620 
    621       // LWG 2059.
    622       iterator
    623       erase(iterator __position)
    624       { return _M_t.erase(__position); }
    625 #else
    626       /**
    627        *  @brief Erases an element from a %map.
    628        *  @param  __position  An iterator pointing to the element to be erased.
    629        *
    630        *  This function erases an element, pointed to by the given
    631        *  iterator, from a %map.  Note that this function only erases
    632        *  the element, and that if the element is itself a pointer,
    633        *  the pointed-to memory is not touched in any way.  Managing
    634        *  the pointer is the user's responsibility.
    635        */
    636       void
    637       erase(iterator __position)
    638       { _M_t.erase(__position); }
    639 #endif
    640 
    641       /**
    642        *  @brief Erases elements according to the provided key.
    643        *  @param  __x  Key of element to be erased.
    644        *  @return  The number of elements erased.
    645        *
    646        *  This function erases all the elements located by the given key from
    647        *  a %map.
    648        *  Note that this function only erases the element, and that if
    649        *  the element is itself a pointer, the pointed-to memory is not touched
    650        *  in any way.  Managing the pointer is the user's responsibility.
    651        */
    652       size_type
    653       erase(const key_type& __x)
    654       { return _M_t.erase(__x); }
    655 
    656 #ifdef __GXX_EXPERIMENTAL_CXX0X__
    657       // _GLIBCXX_RESOLVE_LIB_DEFECTS
    658       // DR 130. Associative erase should return an iterator.
    659       /**
    660        *  @brief Erases a [first,last) range of elements from a %map.
    661        *  @param  __first  Iterator pointing to the start of the range to be
    662        *                   erased.
    663        *  @param __last Iterator pointing to the end of the range to
    664        *                be erased.
    665        *  @return The iterator @a __last.
    666        *
    667        *  This function erases a sequence of elements from a %map.
    668        *  Note that this function only erases the element, and that if
    669        *  the element is itself a pointer, the pointed-to memory is not touched
    670        *  in any way.  Managing the pointer is the user's responsibility.
    671        */
    672       iterator
    673       erase(const_iterator __first, const_iterator __last)
    674       { return _M_t.erase(__first, __last); }
    675 #else
    676       /**
    677        *  @brief Erases a [__first,__last) range of elements from a %map.
    678        *  @param  __first  Iterator pointing to the start of the range to be
    679        *                   erased.
    680        *  @param __last Iterator pointing to the end of the range to
    681        *                be erased.
    682        *
    683        *  This function erases a sequence of elements from a %map.
    684        *  Note that this function only erases the element, and that if
    685        *  the element is itself a pointer, the pointed-to memory is not touched
    686        *  in any way.  Managing the pointer is the user's responsibility.
    687        */
    688       void
    689       erase(iterator __first, iterator __last)
    690       { _M_t.erase(__first, __last); }
    691 #endif
    692 
    693       /**
    694        *  @brief  Swaps data with another %map.
    695        *  @param  __x  A %map of the same element and allocator types.
    696        *
    697        *  This exchanges the elements between two maps in constant
    698        *  time.  (It is only swapping a pointer, an integer, and an
    699        *  instance of the @c Compare type (which itself is often
    700        *  stateless and empty), so it should be quite fast.)  Note
    701        *  that the global std::swap() function is specialized such
    702        *  that std::swap(m1,m2) will feed to this function.
    703        */
    704       void
    705       swap(map& __x)
    706       { _M_t.swap(__x._M_t); }
    707 
    708       /**
    709        *  Erases all elements in a %map.  Note that this function only
    710        *  erases the elements, and that if the elements themselves are
    711        *  pointers, the pointed-to memory is not touched in any way.
    712        *  Managing the pointer is the user's responsibility.
    713        */
    714       void
    715       clear() _GLIBCXX_NOEXCEPT
    716       { _M_t.clear(); }
    717 
    718       // observers
    719       /**
    720        *  Returns the key comparison object out of which the %map was
    721        *  constructed.
    722        */
    723       key_compare
    724       key_comp() const
    725       { return _M_t.key_comp(); }
    726 
    727       /**
    728        *  Returns a value comparison object, built from the key comparison
    729        *  object out of which the %map was constructed.
    730        */
    731       value_compare
    732       value_comp() const
    733       { return value_compare(_M_t.key_comp()); }
    734 
    735       // [23.3.1.3] map operations
    736       /**
    737        *  @brief Tries to locate an element in a %map.
    738        *  @param  __x  Key of (key, value) %pair to be located.
    739        *  @return  Iterator pointing to sought-after element, or end() if not
    740        *           found.
    741        *
    742        *  This function takes a key and tries to locate the element with which
    743        *  the key matches.  If successful the function returns an iterator
    744        *  pointing to the sought after %pair.  If unsuccessful it returns the
    745        *  past-the-end ( @c end() ) iterator.
    746        */
    747       iterator
    748       find(const key_type& __x)
    749       { return _M_t.find(__x); }
    750 
    751       /**
    752        *  @brief Tries to locate an element in a %map.
    753        *  @param  __x  Key of (key, value) %pair to be located.
    754        *  @return  Read-only (constant) iterator pointing to sought-after
    755        *           element, or end() if not found.
    756        *
    757        *  This function takes a key and tries to locate the element with which
    758        *  the key matches.  If successful the function returns a constant
    759        *  iterator pointing to the sought after %pair. If unsuccessful it
    760        *  returns the past-the-end ( @c end() ) iterator.
    761        */
    762       const_iterator
    763       find(const key_type& __x) const
    764       { return _M_t.find(__x); }
    765 
    766       /**
    767        *  @brief  Finds the number of elements with given key.
    768        *  @param  __x  Key of (key, value) pairs to be located.
    769        *  @return  Number of elements with specified key.
    770        *
    771        *  This function only makes sense for multimaps; for map the result will
    772        *  either be 0 (not present) or 1 (present).
    773        */
    774       size_type
    775       count(const key_type& __x) const
    776       { return _M_t.find(__x) == _M_t.end() ? 0 : 1; }
    777 
    778       /**
    779        *  @brief Finds the beginning of a subsequence matching given key.
    780        *  @param  __x  Key of (key, value) pair to be located.
    781        *  @return  Iterator pointing to first element equal to or greater
    782        *           than key, or end().
    783        *
    784        *  This function returns the first element of a subsequence of elements
    785        *  that matches the given key.  If unsuccessful it returns an iterator
    786        *  pointing to the first element that has a greater value than given key
    787        *  or end() if no such element exists.
    788        */
    789       iterator
    790       lower_bound(const key_type& __x)
    791       { return _M_t.lower_bound(__x); }
    792 
    793       /**
    794        *  @brief Finds the beginning of a subsequence matching given key.
    795        *  @param  __x  Key of (key, value) pair to be located.
    796        *  @return  Read-only (constant) iterator pointing to first element
    797        *           equal to or greater than key, or end().
    798        *
    799        *  This function returns the first element of a subsequence of elements
    800        *  that matches the given key.  If unsuccessful it returns an iterator
    801        *  pointing to the first element that has a greater value than given key
    802        *  or end() if no such element exists.
    803        */
    804       const_iterator
    805       lower_bound(const key_type& __x) const
    806       { return _M_t.lower_bound(__x); }
    807 
    808       /**
    809        *  @brief Finds the end of a subsequence matching given key.
    810        *  @param  __x  Key of (key, value) pair to be located.
    811        *  @return Iterator pointing to the first element
    812        *          greater than key, or end().
    813        */
    814       iterator
    815       upper_bound(const key_type& __x)
    816       { return _M_t.upper_bound(__x); }
    817 
    818       /**
    819        *  @brief Finds the end of a subsequence matching given key.
    820        *  @param  __x  Key of (key, value) pair to be located.
    821        *  @return  Read-only (constant) iterator pointing to first iterator
    822        *           greater than key, or end().
    823        */
    824       const_iterator
    825       upper_bound(const key_type& __x) const
    826       { return _M_t.upper_bound(__x); }
    827 
    828       /**
    829        *  @brief Finds a subsequence matching given key.
    830        *  @param  __x  Key of (key, value) pairs to be located.
    831        *  @return  Pair of iterators that possibly points to the subsequence
    832        *           matching given key.
    833        *
    834        *  This function is equivalent to
    835        *  @code
    836        *    std::make_pair(c.lower_bound(val),
    837        *                   c.upper_bound(val))
    838        *  @endcode
    839        *  (but is faster than making the calls separately).
    840        *
    841        *  This function probably only makes sense for multimaps.
    842        */
    843       std::pair<iterator, iterator>
    844       equal_range(const key_type& __x)
    845       { return _M_t.equal_range(__x); }
    846 
    847       /**
    848        *  @brief Finds a subsequence matching given key.
    849        *  @param  __x  Key of (key, value) pairs to be located.
    850        *  @return  Pair of read-only (constant) iterators that possibly points
    851        *           to the subsequence matching given key.
    852        *
    853        *  This function is equivalent to
    854        *  @code
    855        *    std::make_pair(c.lower_bound(val),
    856        *                   c.upper_bound(val))
    857        *  @endcode
    858        *  (but is faster than making the calls separately).
    859        *
    860        *  This function probably only makes sense for multimaps.
    861        */
    862       std::pair<const_iterator, const_iterator>
    863       equal_range(const key_type& __x) const
    864       { return _M_t.equal_range(__x); }
    865 
    866       template<typename _K1, typename _T1, typename _C1, typename _A1>
    867         friend bool
    868         operator==(const map<_K1, _T1, _C1, _A1>&,
    869 		   const map<_K1, _T1, _C1, _A1>&);
    870 
    871       template<typename _K1, typename _T1, typename _C1, typename _A1>
    872         friend bool
    873         operator<(const map<_K1, _T1, _C1, _A1>&,
    874 		  const map<_K1, _T1, _C1, _A1>&);
    875     };
    876 
    877   /**
    878    *  @brief  Map equality comparison.
    879    *  @param  __x  A %map.
    880    *  @param  __y  A %map of the same type as @a x.
    881    *  @return  True iff the size and elements of the maps are equal.
    882    *
    883    *  This is an equivalence relation.  It is linear in the size of the
    884    *  maps.  Maps are considered equivalent if their sizes are equal,
    885    *  and if corresponding elements compare equal.
    886   */
    887   template<typename _Key, typename _Tp, typename _Compare, typename _Alloc>
    888     inline bool
    889     operator==(const map<_Key, _Tp, _Compare, _Alloc>& __x,
    890                const map<_Key, _Tp, _Compare, _Alloc>& __y)
    891     { return __x._M_t == __y._M_t; }
    892 
    893   /**
    894    *  @brief  Map ordering relation.
    895    *  @param  __x  A %map.
    896    *  @param  __y  A %map of the same type as @a x.
    897    *  @return  True iff @a x is lexicographically less than @a y.
    898    *
    899    *  This is a total ordering relation.  It is linear in the size of the
    900    *  maps.  The elements must be comparable with @c <.
    901    *
    902    *  See std::lexicographical_compare() for how the determination is made.
    903   */
    904   template<typename _Key, typename _Tp, typename _Compare, typename _Alloc>
    905     inline bool
    906     operator<(const map<_Key, _Tp, _Compare, _Alloc>& __x,
    907               const map<_Key, _Tp, _Compare, _Alloc>& __y)
    908     { return __x._M_t < __y._M_t; }
    909 
    910   /// Based on operator==
    911   template<typename _Key, typename _Tp, typename _Compare, typename _Alloc>
    912     inline bool
    913     operator!=(const map<_Key, _Tp, _Compare, _Alloc>& __x,
    914                const map<_Key, _Tp, _Compare, _Alloc>& __y)
    915     { return !(__x == __y); }
    916 
    917   /// Based on operator<
    918   template<typename _Key, typename _Tp, typename _Compare, typename _Alloc>
    919     inline bool
    920     operator>(const map<_Key, _Tp, _Compare, _Alloc>& __x,
    921               const map<_Key, _Tp, _Compare, _Alloc>& __y)
    922     { return __y < __x; }
    923 
    924   /// Based on operator<
    925   template<typename _Key, typename _Tp, typename _Compare, typename _Alloc>
    926     inline bool
    927     operator<=(const map<_Key, _Tp, _Compare, _Alloc>& __x,
    928                const map<_Key, _Tp, _Compare, _Alloc>& __y)
    929     { return !(__y < __x); }
    930 
    931   /// Based on operator<
    932   template<typename _Key, typename _Tp, typename _Compare, typename _Alloc>
    933     inline bool
    934     operator>=(const map<_Key, _Tp, _Compare, _Alloc>& __x,
    935                const map<_Key, _Tp, _Compare, _Alloc>& __y)
    936     { return !(__x < __y); }
    937 
    938   /// See std::map::swap().
    939   template<typename _Key, typename _Tp, typename _Compare, typename _Alloc>
    940     inline void
    941     swap(map<_Key, _Tp, _Compare, _Alloc>& __x,
    942 	 map<_Key, _Tp, _Compare, _Alloc>& __y)
    943     { __x.swap(__y); }
    944 
    945 _GLIBCXX_END_NAMESPACE_CONTAINER
    946 } // namespace std
    947 
    948 #endif /* _STL_MAP_H */
    949