1 /* 2 ******************************************************************************* 3 * 4 * Copyright (C) 2000-2002, International Business Machines 5 * Corporation and others. All Rights Reserved. 6 * 7 ******************************************************************************* 8 * file name: ustring.c 9 * encoding: US-ASCII 10 * tab size: 8 (not used) 11 * indentation:4 12 * 13 * created on: 2000aug15 14 * created by: Markus W. Scherer 15 * 16 * This file contains sample code that illustrates the use of Unicode strings 17 * with ICU. 18 */ 19 20 #include <stdio.h> 21 #include "unicode/utypes.h" 22 #include "unicode/uchar.h" 23 #include "unicode/locid.h" 24 #include "unicode/ustring.h" 25 #include "unicode/ucnv.h" 26 #include "unicode/unistr.h" 27 28 #define LENGTHOF(array) (sizeof(array)/sizeof((array)[0])) 29 30 // helper functions -------------------------------------------------------- *** 31 32 // default converter for the platform encoding 33 static UConverter *cnv=NULL; 34 35 static void 36 printUString(const char *announce, const UChar *s, int32_t length) { 37 static char out[200]; 38 UChar32 c; 39 int32_t i; 40 UErrorCode errorCode=U_ZERO_ERROR; 41 42 /* 43 * Convert to the "platform encoding". See notes in printUnicodeString(). 44 * ucnv_fromUChars(), like most ICU APIs understands length==-1 45 * to mean that the string is NUL-terminated. 46 */ 47 ucnv_fromUChars(cnv, out, sizeof(out), s, length, &errorCode); 48 if(U_FAILURE(errorCode) || errorCode==U_STRING_NOT_TERMINATED_WARNING) { 49 printf("%sproblem converting string from Unicode: %s\n", announce, u_errorName(errorCode)); 50 return; 51 } 52 53 printf("%s%s {", announce, out); 54 55 /* output the code points (not code units) */ 56 if(length>=0) { 57 /* s is not NUL-terminated */ 58 for(i=0; i<length; /* U16_NEXT post-increments */) { 59 U16_NEXT(s, i, length, c); 60 printf(" %04x", c); 61 } 62 } else { 63 /* s is NUL-terminated */ 64 for(i=0; /* condition in loop body */; /* U16_NEXT post-increments */) { 65 U16_NEXT(s, i, length, c); 66 if(c==0) { 67 break; 68 } 69 printf(" %04x", c); 70 } 71 } 72 printf(" }\n"); 73 } 74 75 static void 76 printUnicodeString(const char *announce, const UnicodeString &s) { 77 static char out[200]; 78 int32_t i, length; 79 80 // output the string, converted to the platform encoding 81 82 // Note for Windows: The "platform encoding" defaults to the "ANSI codepage", 83 // which is different from the "OEM codepage" in the console window. 84 // However, if you pipe the output into a file and look at it with Notepad 85 // or similar, then "ANSI" characters will show correctly. 86 // Production code should be aware of what encoding is required, 87 // and use a UConverter or at least a charset name explicitly. 88 out[s.extract(0, 99, out)]=0; 89 printf("%s%s {", announce, out); 90 91 // output the code units (not code points) 92 length=s.length(); 93 for(i=0; i<length; ++i) { 94 printf(" %04x", s.charAt(i)); 95 } 96 printf(" }\n"); 97 } 98 99 // sample code for utf.h macros -------------------------------------------- *** 100 101 static void 102 demo_utf_h_macros() { 103 static UChar input[]={ 0x0061, 0xd800, 0xdc00, 0xdbff, 0xdfff, 0x0062 }; 104 UChar32 c; 105 int32_t i; 106 UBool isError; 107 108 printf("\n* demo_utf_h_macros() -------------- ***\n\n"); 109 110 printUString("iterate forward through: ", input, LENGTHOF(input)); 111 for(i=0; i<LENGTHOF(input); /* U16_NEXT post-increments */) { 112 /* Iterating forwards 113 Codepoint at offset 0: U+0061 114 Codepoint at offset 1: U+10000 115 Codepoint at offset 3: U+10ffff 116 Codepoint at offset 5: U+0062 117 */ 118 printf("Codepoint at offset %d: U+", i); 119 U16_NEXT(input, i, LENGTHOF(input), c); 120 printf("%04x\n", c); 121 } 122 123 puts(""); 124 125 isError=FALSE; 126 i=1; /* write position, gets post-incremented so needs to be in an l-value */ 127 U16_APPEND(input, i, LENGTHOF(input), 0x0062, isError); 128 129 printUString("iterate backward through: ", input, LENGTHOF(input)); 130 for(i=LENGTHOF(input); i>0; /* U16_PREV pre-decrements */) { 131 U16_PREV(input, 0, i, c); 132 /* Iterating backwards 133 Codepoint at offset 5: U+0062 134 Codepoint at offset 3: U+10ffff 135 Codepoint at offset 2: U+dc00 -- unpaired surrogate because lead surr. overwritten 136 Codepoint at offset 1: U+0062 -- by this BMP code point 137 Codepoint at offset 0: U+0061 138 */ 139 printf("Codepoint at offset %d: U+%04x\n", i, c); 140 } 141 } 142 143 // sample code for Unicode strings in C ------------------------------------ *** 144 145 static void demo_C_Unicode_strings() { 146 printf("\n* demo_C_Unicode_strings() --------- ***\n\n"); 147 148 static const UChar text[]={ 0x41, 0x42, 0x43, 0 }; /* "ABC" */ 149 static const UChar appendText[]={ 0x61, 0x62, 0x63, 0 }; /* "abc" */ 150 static const UChar cmpText[]={ 0x61, 0x53, 0x73, 0x43, 0 }; /* "aSsC" */ 151 UChar buffer[32]; 152 int32_t compare; 153 int32_t length=u_strlen(text); /* length=3 */ 154 155 /* simple ANSI C-style functions */ 156 buffer[0]=0; /* empty, NUL-terminated string */ 157 u_strncat(buffer, text, 1); /* append just n=1 character ('A') */ 158 u_strcat(buffer, appendText); /* buffer=="Aabc" */ 159 length=u_strlen(buffer); /* length=4 */ 160 printUString("should be \"Aabc\": ", buffer, -1); 161 162 /* bitwise comparing buffer with text */ 163 compare=u_strcmp(buffer, text); 164 if(compare<=0) { 165 printf("String comparison error, expected \"Aabc\" > \"ABC\"\n"); 166 } 167 168 /* Build "A<sharp s>C" in the buffer... */ 169 u_strcpy(buffer, text); 170 buffer[1]=0xdf; /* sharp s, case-compares equal to "ss" */ 171 printUString("should be \"A<sharp s>C\": ", buffer, -1); 172 173 /* Compare two strings case-insensitively using full case folding */ 174 compare=u_strcasecmp(buffer, cmpText, U_FOLD_CASE_DEFAULT); 175 if(compare!=0) { 176 printf("String case insensitive comparison error, expected \"AbC\" to be equal to \"ABC\"\n"); 177 } 178 } 179 180 // sample code for case mappings with C APIs -------------------------------- *** 181 182 static void demoCaseMapInC() { 183 /* 184 * input= 185 * "aB<capital sigma>" 186 * "iI<small dotless i><capital dotted I> " 187 * "<sharp s> <small lig. ffi>" 188 * "<small final sigma><small sigma><capital sigma>" 189 */ 190 static const UChar input[]={ 191 0x61, 0x42, 0x3a3, 192 0x69, 0x49, 0x131, 0x130, 0x20, 193 0xdf, 0x20, 0xfb03, 194 0x3c2, 0x3c3, 0x3a3, 0 195 }; 196 UChar buffer[32]; 197 198 UErrorCode errorCode; 199 UChar32 c; 200 int32_t i, j, length; 201 UBool isError; 202 203 printf("\n* demoCaseMapInC() ----------------- ***\n\n"); 204 205 /* 206 * First, use simple case mapping functions which provide 207 * 1:1 code point mappings without context/locale ID. 208 * 209 * Note that some mappings will not be "right" because some "real" 210 * case mappings require context, depend on the locale ID, 211 * and/or result in a change in the number of code points. 212 */ 213 printUString("input string: ", input, -1); 214 215 /* uppercase */ 216 isError=FALSE; 217 for(i=j=0; j<LENGTHOF(buffer) && !isError; /* U16_NEXT post-increments */) { 218 U16_NEXT(input, i, INT32_MAX, c); /* without length because NUL-terminated */ 219 if(c==0) { 220 break; /* stop at terminating NUL, no need to terminate buffer */ 221 } 222 c=u_toupper(c); 223 U16_APPEND(buffer, j, LENGTHOF(buffer), c, isError); 224 } 225 printUString("simple-uppercased: ", buffer, j); 226 /* lowercase */ 227 isError=FALSE; 228 for(i=j=0; j<LENGTHOF(buffer) && !isError; /* U16_NEXT post-increments */) { 229 U16_NEXT(input, i, INT32_MAX, c); /* without length because NUL-terminated */ 230 if(c==0) { 231 break; /* stop at terminating NUL, no need to terminate buffer */ 232 } 233 c=u_tolower(c); 234 U16_APPEND(buffer, j, LENGTHOF(buffer), c, isError); 235 } 236 printUString("simple-lowercased: ", buffer, j); 237 /* titlecase */ 238 isError=FALSE; 239 for(i=j=0; j<LENGTHOF(buffer) && !isError; /* U16_NEXT post-increments */) { 240 U16_NEXT(input, i, INT32_MAX, c); /* without length because NUL-terminated */ 241 if(c==0) { 242 break; /* stop at terminating NUL, no need to terminate buffer */ 243 } 244 c=u_totitle(c); 245 U16_APPEND(buffer, j, LENGTHOF(buffer), c, isError); 246 } 247 printUString("simple-titlecased: ", buffer, j); 248 /* case-fold/default */ 249 isError=FALSE; 250 for(i=j=0; j<LENGTHOF(buffer) && !isError; /* U16_NEXT post-increments */) { 251 U16_NEXT(input, i, INT32_MAX, c); /* without length because NUL-terminated */ 252 if(c==0) { 253 break; /* stop at terminating NUL, no need to terminate buffer */ 254 } 255 c=u_foldCase(c, U_FOLD_CASE_DEFAULT); 256 U16_APPEND(buffer, j, LENGTHOF(buffer), c, isError); 257 } 258 printUString("simple-case-folded/default: ", buffer, j); 259 /* case-fold/Turkic */ 260 isError=FALSE; 261 for(i=j=0; j<LENGTHOF(buffer) && !isError; /* U16_NEXT post-increments */) { 262 U16_NEXT(input, i, INT32_MAX, c); /* without length because NUL-terminated */ 263 if(c==0) { 264 break; /* stop at terminating NUL, no need to terminate buffer */ 265 } 266 c=u_foldCase(c, U_FOLD_CASE_EXCLUDE_SPECIAL_I); 267 U16_APPEND(buffer, j, LENGTHOF(buffer), c, isError); 268 } 269 printUString("simple-case-folded/Turkic: ", buffer, j); 270 271 /* 272 * Second, use full case mapping functions which provide 273 * 1:n code point mappings (n can be 0!) and are sensitive to context and locale ID. 274 * 275 * Note that lower/upper/titlecasing take a locale ID while case-folding 276 * has bit flag options instead, by design of the Unicode SpecialCasing.txt UCD file. 277 * 278 * Also, string titlecasing requires a BreakIterator to find starts of words. 279 * The sample code here passes in a NULL pointer; u_strToTitle() will open and close a default 280 * titlecasing BreakIterator automatically. 281 * For production code where many strings are titlecased it would be more efficient 282 * to open a BreakIterator externally and pass it in. 283 */ 284 printUString("\ninput string: ", input, -1); 285 286 /* lowercase/English */ 287 errorCode=U_ZERO_ERROR; 288 length=u_strToLower(buffer, LENGTHOF(buffer), input, -1, "en", &errorCode); 289 if(U_SUCCESS(errorCode)) { 290 printUString("full-lowercased/en: ", buffer, length); 291 } else { 292 printf("error in u_strToLower(en)=%ld error=%s\n", length, u_errorName(errorCode)); 293 } 294 /* lowercase/Turkish */ 295 errorCode=U_ZERO_ERROR; 296 length=u_strToLower(buffer, LENGTHOF(buffer), input, -1, "tr", &errorCode); 297 if(U_SUCCESS(errorCode)) { 298 printUString("full-lowercased/tr: ", buffer, length); 299 } else { 300 printf("error in u_strToLower(tr)=%ld error=%s\n", length, u_errorName(errorCode)); 301 } 302 /* uppercase/English */ 303 errorCode=U_ZERO_ERROR; 304 length=u_strToUpper(buffer, LENGTHOF(buffer), input, -1, "en", &errorCode); 305 if(U_SUCCESS(errorCode)) { 306 printUString("full-uppercased/en: ", buffer, length); 307 } else { 308 printf("error in u_strToUpper(en)=%ld error=%s\n", length, u_errorName(errorCode)); 309 } 310 /* uppercase/Turkish */ 311 errorCode=U_ZERO_ERROR; 312 length=u_strToUpper(buffer, LENGTHOF(buffer), input, -1, "tr", &errorCode); 313 if(U_SUCCESS(errorCode)) { 314 printUString("full-uppercased/tr: ", buffer, length); 315 } else { 316 printf("error in u_strToUpper(tr)=%ld error=%s\n", length, u_errorName(errorCode)); 317 } 318 /* titlecase/English */ 319 errorCode=U_ZERO_ERROR; 320 length=u_strToTitle(buffer, LENGTHOF(buffer), input, -1, NULL, "en", &errorCode); 321 if(U_SUCCESS(errorCode)) { 322 printUString("full-titlecased/en: ", buffer, length); 323 } else { 324 printf("error in u_strToTitle(en)=%ld error=%s\n", length, u_errorName(errorCode)); 325 } 326 /* titlecase/Turkish */ 327 errorCode=U_ZERO_ERROR; 328 length=u_strToTitle(buffer, LENGTHOF(buffer), input, -1, NULL, "tr", &errorCode); 329 if(U_SUCCESS(errorCode)) { 330 printUString("full-titlecased/tr: ", buffer, length); 331 } else { 332 printf("error in u_strToTitle(tr)=%ld error=%s\n", length, u_errorName(errorCode)); 333 } 334 /* case-fold/default */ 335 errorCode=U_ZERO_ERROR; 336 length=u_strFoldCase(buffer, LENGTHOF(buffer), input, -1, U_FOLD_CASE_DEFAULT, &errorCode); 337 if(U_SUCCESS(errorCode)) { 338 printUString("full-case-folded/default: ", buffer, length); 339 } else { 340 printf("error in u_strFoldCase(default)=%ld error=%s\n", length, u_errorName(errorCode)); 341 } 342 /* case-fold/Turkic */ 343 errorCode=U_ZERO_ERROR; 344 length=u_strFoldCase(buffer, LENGTHOF(buffer), input, -1, U_FOLD_CASE_EXCLUDE_SPECIAL_I, &errorCode); 345 if(U_SUCCESS(errorCode)) { 346 printUString("full-case-folded/Turkic: ", buffer, length); 347 } else { 348 printf("error in u_strFoldCase(Turkic)=%ld error=%s\n", length, u_errorName(errorCode)); 349 } 350 } 351 352 // sample code for case mappings with C++ APIs ------------------------------ *** 353 354 static void demoCaseMapInCPlusPlus() { 355 /* 356 * input= 357 * "aB<capital sigma>" 358 * "iI<small dotless i><capital dotted I> " 359 * "<sharp s> <small lig. ffi>" 360 * "<small final sigma><small sigma><capital sigma>" 361 */ 362 static const UChar input[]={ 363 0x61, 0x42, 0x3a3, 364 0x69, 0x49, 0x131, 0x130, 0x20, 365 0xdf, 0x20, 0xfb03, 366 0x3c2, 0x3c3, 0x3a3, 0 367 }; 368 369 printf("\n* demoCaseMapInCPlusPlus() --------- ***\n\n"); 370 371 UnicodeString s(input), t; 372 const Locale &en=Locale::getEnglish(); 373 Locale tr("tr"); 374 375 /* 376 * Full case mappings as in demoCaseMapInC(), using UnicodeString functions. 377 * These functions modify the string object itself. 378 * Since we want to keep the input string around, we copy it each time 379 * and case-map the copy. 380 */ 381 printUnicodeString("input string: ", s); 382 383 /* lowercase/English */ 384 printUnicodeString("full-lowercased/en: ", (t=s).toLower(en)); 385 /* lowercase/Turkish */ 386 printUnicodeString("full-lowercased/tr: ", (t=s).toLower(tr)); 387 /* uppercase/English */ 388 printUnicodeString("full-uppercased/en: ", (t=s).toUpper(en)); 389 /* uppercase/Turkish */ 390 printUnicodeString("full-uppercased/tr: ", (t=s).toUpper(tr)); 391 /* titlecase/English */ 392 printUnicodeString("full-titlecased/en: ", (t=s).toTitle(NULL, en)); 393 /* titlecase/Turkish */ 394 printUnicodeString("full-titlecased/tr: ", (t=s).toTitle(NULL, tr)); 395 /* case-folde/default */ 396 printUnicodeString("full-case-folded/default: ", (t=s).foldCase(U_FOLD_CASE_DEFAULT)); 397 /* case-folde/Turkic */ 398 printUnicodeString("full-case-folded/Turkic: ", (t=s).foldCase(U_FOLD_CASE_EXCLUDE_SPECIAL_I)); 399 } 400 401 // sample code for UnicodeString storage models ----------------------------- *** 402 403 static const UChar readonly[]={ 404 0x61, 0x31, 0x20ac 405 }; 406 static UChar writeable[]={ 407 0x62, 0x32, 0xdbc0, 0xdc01 // includes a surrogate pair for a supplementary code point 408 }; 409 static char out[100]; 410 411 static void 412 demoUnicodeStringStorage() { 413 // These sample code lines illustrate how to use UnicodeString, and the 414 // comments tell what happens internally. There are no APIs to observe 415 // most of this programmatically, except for stepping into the code 416 // with a debugger. 417 // This is by design to hide such details from the user. 418 int32_t i; 419 420 printf("\n* demoUnicodeStringStorage() ------- ***\n\n"); 421 422 // * UnicodeString with internally stored contents 423 // instantiate a UnicodeString from a single code point 424 // the few (2) UChars will be stored in the object itself 425 UnicodeString one((UChar32)0x24001); 426 // this copies the few UChars into the "two" object 427 UnicodeString two=one; 428 printf("length of short string copy: %d\n", two.length()); 429 // set "one" to contain the 3 UChars from readonly 430 // this setTo() variant copies the characters 431 one.setTo(readonly, LENGTHOF(readonly)); 432 433 // * UnicodeString with allocated contents 434 // build a longer string that will not fit into the object's buffer 435 one+=UnicodeString(writeable, LENGTHOF(writeable)); 436 one+=one; 437 one+=one; 438 printf("length of longer string: %d\n", one.length()); 439 // copying will use the same allocated buffer and increment the reference 440 // counter 441 two=one; 442 printf("length of longer string copy: %d\n", two.length()); 443 444 // * UnicodeString using readonly-alias to a const UChar array 445 // construct a string that aliases a readonly buffer 446 UnicodeString three(FALSE, readonly, LENGTHOF(readonly)); 447 printUnicodeString("readonly-alias string: ", three); 448 // copy-on-write: any modification to the string results in 449 // a copy to either the internal buffer or to a newly allocated one 450 three.setCharAt(1, 0x39); 451 printUnicodeString("readonly-aliasing string after modification: ", three); 452 // the aliased array is not modified 453 for(i=0; i<three.length(); ++i) { 454 printf("readonly buffer[%d] after modifying its string: 0x%lx\n", 455 i, readonly[i]); 456 } 457 // setTo() readonly alias 458 one.setTo(FALSE, writeable, LENGTHOF(writeable)); 459 // copying the readonly-alias object with fastCopyFrom() (new in ICU 2.4) 460 // will readonly-alias the same buffer 461 two.fastCopyFrom(one); 462 printUnicodeString("fastCopyFrom(readonly alias of \"writeable\" array): ", two); 463 printf("verify that a fastCopyFrom(readonly alias) uses the same buffer pointer: %d (should be 1)\n", 464 one.getBuffer()==two.getBuffer()); 465 // a normal assignment will clone the contents (new in ICU 2.4) 466 two=one; 467 printf("verify that a regular copy of a readonly alias uses a different buffer pointer: %d (should be 0)\n", 468 one.getBuffer()==two.getBuffer()); 469 470 // * UnicodeString using writeable-alias to a non-const UChar array 471 UnicodeString four(writeable, LENGTHOF(writeable), LENGTHOF(writeable)); 472 printUnicodeString("writeable-alias string: ", four); 473 // a modification writes through to the buffer 474 four.setCharAt(1, 0x39); 475 for(i=0; i<four.length(); ++i) { 476 printf("writeable-alias backing buffer[%d]=0x%lx " 477 "after modification\n", i, writeable[i]); 478 } 479 // a copy will not alias any more; 480 // instead, it will get a copy of the contents into allocated memory 481 two=four; 482 two.setCharAt(1, 0x21); 483 for(i=0; i<two.length(); ++i) { 484 printf("writeable-alias backing buffer[%d]=0x%lx after " 485 "modification of string copy\n", i, writeable[i]); 486 } 487 // setTo() writeable alias, capacity==length 488 one.setTo(writeable, LENGTHOF(writeable), LENGTHOF(writeable)); 489 // grow the string - it will not fit into the backing buffer any more 490 // and will get copied before modification 491 one.append((UChar)0x40); 492 // shrink it back so it would fit 493 one.truncate(one.length()-1); 494 // we still operate on the copy 495 one.setCharAt(1, 0x25); 496 printf("string after growing too much and then shrinking[1]=0x%lx\n" 497 " backing store for this[1]=0x%lx\n", 498 one.charAt(1), writeable[1]); 499 // if we need it in the original buffer, then extract() to it 500 // extract() does not do anything if the string aliases that same buffer 501 // i=min(one.length(), length of array) 502 if(one.length()<LENGTHOF(writeable)) { 503 i=one.length(); 504 } else { 505 i=LENGTHOF(writeable); 506 } 507 one.extract(0, i, writeable); 508 for(i=0; i<LENGTHOF(writeable); ++i) { 509 printf("writeable-alias backing buffer[%d]=0x%lx after re-extract\n", 510 i, writeable[i]); 511 } 512 } 513 514 // sample code for UnicodeString instantiations ----------------------------- *** 515 516 static void 517 demoUnicodeStringInit() { 518 // *** Make sure to read about invariant characters in utypes.h! *** 519 // Initialization of Unicode strings from C literals works _only_ for 520 // invariant characters! 521 522 printf("\n* demoUnicodeStringInit() ---------- ***\n\n"); 523 524 // the string literal is 32 chars long - this must be counted for the macro 525 UnicodeString invariantOnly=UNICODE_STRING("such characters are safe 123 %-.", 32); 526 527 /* 528 * In C, we need two macros: one to declare the UChar[] array, and 529 * one to populate it; the second one is a noop on platforms where 530 * wchar_t is compatible with UChar and ASCII-based. 531 * The length of the string literal must be counted for both macros. 532 */ 533 /* declare the invString array for the string */ 534 U_STRING_DECL(invString, "such characters are safe 123 %-.", 32); 535 /* populate it with the characters */ 536 U_STRING_INIT(invString, "such characters are safe 123 %-.", 32); 537 538 // compare the C and C++ strings 539 printf("C and C++ Unicode strings are equal: %d\n", invariantOnly==UnicodeString(TRUE, invString, 32)); 540 541 /* 542 * convert between char * and UChar * strings that 543 * contain only invariant characters 544 */ 545 static const char *cs1="such characters are safe 123 %-."; 546 static UChar us1[40]; 547 static char cs2[40]; 548 u_charsToUChars(cs1, us1, 33); /* include the terminating NUL */ 549 u_UCharsToChars(us1, cs2, 33); 550 printf("char * -> UChar * -> char * with only " 551 "invariant characters: \"%s\"\n", 552 cs2); 553 554 // initialize a UnicodeString from a string literal that contains 555 // escape sequences written with invariant characters 556 // do not forget to duplicate the backslashes for ICU to see them 557 // then, count each double backslash only once! 558 UnicodeString german=UNICODE_STRING( 559 "Sch\\u00f6nes Auto: \\u20ac 11240.\\fPrivates Zeichen: \\U00102345\\n", 64). 560 unescape(); 561 printUnicodeString("german UnicodeString from unescaping:\n ", german); 562 563 /* 564 * C: convert and unescape a char * string with only invariant 565 * characters to fill a UChar * string 566 */ 567 UChar buffer[200]; 568 int32_t length; 569 length=u_unescape( 570 "Sch\\u00f6nes Auto: \\u20ac 11240.\\fPrivates Zeichen: \\U00102345\\n", 571 buffer, LENGTHOF(buffer)); 572 printf("german C Unicode string from char * unescaping: (length %d)\n ", length); 573 printUnicodeString("", UnicodeString(buffer)); 574 } 575 576 extern int 577 main(int argc, const char *argv[]) { 578 UErrorCode errorCode=U_ZERO_ERROR; 579 580 // Note: Using a global variable for any object is not exactly thread-safe... 581 582 // You can change this call to e.g. ucnv_open("UTF-8", &errorCode) if you pipe 583 // the output to a file and look at it with a Unicode-capable editor. 584 // This will currently affect only the printUString() function, see the code above. 585 // printUnicodeString() could use this, too, by changing to an extract() overload 586 // that takes a UConverter argument. 587 cnv=ucnv_open(NULL, &errorCode); 588 if(U_FAILURE(errorCode)) { 589 fprintf(stderr, "error %s opening the default converter\n", u_errorName(errorCode)); 590 return errorCode; 591 } 592 593 ucnv_setFromUCallBack(cnv, UCNV_FROM_U_CALLBACK_ESCAPE, UCNV_ESCAPE_C, NULL, NULL, &errorCode); 594 if(U_FAILURE(errorCode)) { 595 fprintf(stderr, "error %s setting the escape callback in the default converter\n", u_errorName(errorCode)); 596 ucnv_close(cnv); 597 return errorCode; 598 } 599 600 demo_utf_h_macros(); 601 demo_C_Unicode_strings(); 602 demoCaseMapInC(); 603 demoCaseMapInCPlusPlus(); 604 demoUnicodeStringStorage(); 605 demoUnicodeStringInit(); 606 607 ucnv_close(cnv); 608 return 0; 609 } 610
