media/base/videocapturer.cc

// libjingle
// Copyright 2010 Google Inc.
//
// Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
// modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions are met:
//
//  1. Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright notice,
//     this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
//  2. Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above copyright notice,
//     this list of conditions and the following disclaimer in the documentation
//     and/or other materials provided with the distribution.
//  3. The name of the author may not be used to endorse or promote products
//     derived from this software without specific prior written permission.
//
// THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE AUTHOR ``AS IS'' AND ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED
// WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF
// MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO
// EVENT SHALL THE AUTHOR BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL,
// SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO,
// PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE, DATA, OR PROFITS;
// OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY THEORY OF LIABILITY,
// WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR
// OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF
// ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
//
// Implementation file of class VideoCapturer.

#include "talk/media/base/videocapturer.h"

#include <algorithm>

#if !defined(DISABLE_YUV)
#include "libyuv/scale_argb.h"
#endif
#include "talk/base/common.h"
#include "talk/base/logging.h"
#include "talk/base/systeminfo.h"
#include "talk/media/base/videoprocessor.h"

#if defined(HAVE_WEBRTC_VIDEO)
#include "talk/media/webrtc/webrtcvideoframe.h"
#endif  // HAVE_WEBRTC_VIDEO


namespace cricket {

namespace {

// TODO(thorcarpenter): This is a BIG hack to flush the system with black
// frames. Frontends should coordinate to update the video state of a muted
// user. When all frontends to this consider removing the black frame business.
const int kNumBlackFramesOnMute = 30;

// MessageHandler constants.
enum {
  MSG_DO_PAUSE = 0,
  MSG_DO_UNPAUSE,
  MSG_STATE_CHANGE
};

static const int64 kMaxDistance = ~(static_cast<int64>(1) << 63);
static const int kYU12Penalty = 16;  // Needs to be higher than MJPG index.
static const int kDefaultScreencastFps = 5;
typedef talk_base::TypedMessageData<CaptureState> StateChangeParams;

}  // namespace

/////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
// Implementation of struct CapturedFrame
/////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
CapturedFrame::CapturedFrame()
    : width(0),
      height(0),
      fourcc(0),
      pixel_width(0),
      pixel_height(0),
      elapsed_time(0),
      time_stamp(0),
      data_size(0),
      rotation(0),
      data(NULL) {}

// TODO(fbarchard): Remove this function once lmimediaengine stops using it.
bool CapturedFrame::GetDataSize(uint32* size) const {
  if (!size || data_size == CapturedFrame::kUnknownDataSize) {
    return false;
  }
  *size = data_size;
  return true;
}

/////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
// Implementation of class VideoCapturer
/////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
VideoCapturer::VideoCapturer() : thread_(talk_base::Thread::Current()) {
  Construct();
}

VideoCapturer::VideoCapturer(talk_base::Thread* thread) : thread_(thread) {
  Construct();
}

void VideoCapturer::Construct() {
  ClearAspectRatio();
  enable_camera_list_ = false;
  capture_state_ = CS_STOPPED;
  SignalFrameCaptured.connect(this, &VideoCapturer::OnFrameCaptured);
  scaled_width_ = 0;
  scaled_height_ = 0;
  muted_ = false;
  black_frame_count_down_ = kNumBlackFramesOnMute;
}

const std::vector<VideoFormat>* VideoCapturer::GetSupportedFormats() const {
  return &filtered_supported_formats_;
}

bool VideoCapturer::StartCapturing(const VideoFormat& capture_format) {
  CaptureState result = Start(capture_format);
  const bool success = (result == CS_RUNNING) || (result == CS_STARTING);
  if (!success) {
    return false;
  }
  if (result == CS_RUNNING) {
    SetCaptureState(result);
  }
  return true;
}

void VideoCapturer::UpdateAspectRatio(int ratio_w, int ratio_h) {
  if (ratio_w == 0 || ratio_h == 0) {
    LOG(LS_WARNING) << "UpdateAspectRatio ignored invalid ratio: "
                    << ratio_w << "x" << ratio_h;
    return;
  }
  ratio_w_ = ratio_w;
  ratio_h_ = ratio_h;
}

void VideoCapturer::ClearAspectRatio() {
  ratio_w_ = 0;
  ratio_h_ = 0;
}

// Override this to have more control of how your device is started/stopped.
bool VideoCapturer::Pause(bool pause) {
  if (pause) {
    if (capture_state() == CS_PAUSED) {
      return true;
    }
    bool is_running = capture_state() == CS_STARTING ||
        capture_state() == CS_RUNNING;
    if (!is_running) {
      LOG(LS_ERROR) << "Cannot pause a stopped camera.";
      return false;
    }
    LOG(LS_INFO) << "Pausing a camera.";
    talk_base::scoped_ptr<VideoFormat> capture_format_when_paused(
        capture_format_ ? new VideoFormat(*capture_format_) : NULL);
    Stop();
    SetCaptureState(CS_PAUSED);
    // If you override this function be sure to restore the capture format
    // after calling Stop().
    SetCaptureFormat(capture_format_when_paused.get());
  } else {  // Unpause.
    if (capture_state() != CS_PAUSED) {
      LOG(LS_WARNING) << "Cannot unpause a camera that hasn't been paused.";
      return false;
    }
    if (!capture_format_) {
      LOG(LS_ERROR) << "Missing capture_format_, cannot unpause a camera.";
      return false;
    }
    if (muted_) {
      LOG(LS_WARNING) << "Camera cannot be unpaused while muted.";
      return false;
    }
    LOG(LS_INFO) << "Unpausing a camera.";
    if (!Start(*capture_format_)) {
      LOG(LS_ERROR) << "Camera failed to start when unpausing.";
      return false;
    }
  }
  return true;
}

bool VideoCapturer::Restart(const VideoFormat& capture_format) {
  if (!IsRunning()) {
    return StartCapturing(capture_format);
  }

  if (GetCaptureFormat() != NULL && *GetCaptureFormat() == capture_format) {
    // The reqested format is the same; nothing to do.
    return true;
  }

  Stop();
  return StartCapturing(capture_format);
}

bool VideoCapturer::MuteToBlackThenPause(bool muted) {
  if (muted == IsMuted()) {
    return true;
  }

  LOG(LS_INFO) << (muted ? "Muting" : "Unmuting") << " this video capturer.";
  muted_ = muted;  // Do this before calling Pause().
  if (muted) {
    // Reset black frame count down.
    black_frame_count_down_ = kNumBlackFramesOnMute;
    // Following frames will be overritten with black, then the camera will be
    // paused.
    return true;
  }
  // Start the camera.
  thread_->Clear(this, MSG_DO_PAUSE);
  return Pause(false);
}

void VideoCapturer::SetSupportedFormats(
    const std::vector<VideoFormat>& formats) {
  supported_formats_ = formats;
  UpdateFilteredSupportedFormats();
}

bool VideoCapturer::GetBestCaptureFormat(const VideoFormat& format,
                                         VideoFormat* best_format) {
  // TODO(fbarchard): Directly support max_format.
  UpdateFilteredSupportedFormats();
  const std::vector<VideoFormat>* supported_formats = GetSupportedFormats();

  if (supported_formats->empty()) {
    return false;
  }
  LOG(LS_INFO) << " Capture Requested " << format.ToString();
  int64 best_distance = kMaxDistance;
  std::vector<VideoFormat>::const_iterator best = supported_formats->end();
  std::vector<VideoFormat>::const_iterator i;
  for (i = supported_formats->begin(); i != supported_formats->end(); ++i) {
    int64 distance = GetFormatDistance(format, *i);
    // TODO(fbarchard): Reduce to LS_VERBOSE if/when camera capture is
    // relatively bug free.
    LOG(LS_INFO) << " Supported " << i->ToString() << " distance " << distance;
    if (distance < best_distance) {
      best_distance = distance;
      best = i;
    }
  }
  if (supported_formats->end() == best) {
    LOG(LS_ERROR) << " No acceptable camera format found";
    return false;
  }

  if (best_format) {
    best_format->width = best->width;
    best_format->height = best->height;
    best_format->fourcc = best->fourcc;
    best_format->interval = talk_base::_max(format.interval, best->interval);
    LOG(LS_INFO) << " Best " << best_format->ToString() << " Interval "
                 << best_format->interval << " distance " << best_distance;
  }
  return true;
}

void VideoCapturer::AddVideoProcessor(VideoProcessor* video_processor) {
  talk_base::CritScope cs(&crit_);
  ASSERT(std::find(video_processors_.begin(), video_processors_.end(),
                   video_processor) == video_processors_.end());
  video_processors_.push_back(video_processor);
}

bool VideoCapturer::RemoveVideoProcessor(VideoProcessor* video_processor) {
  talk_base::CritScope cs(&crit_);
  VideoProcessors::iterator found = std::find(
      video_processors_.begin(), video_processors_.end(), video_processor);
  if (found == video_processors_.end()) {
    return false;
  }
  video_processors_.erase(found);
  return true;
}

void VideoCapturer::ConstrainSupportedFormats(const VideoFormat& max_format) {
  max_format_.reset(new VideoFormat(max_format));
  LOG(LS_VERBOSE) << " ConstrainSupportedFormats " << max_format.ToString();
  UpdateFilteredSupportedFormats();
}

std::string VideoCapturer::ToString(const CapturedFrame* captured_frame) const {
  std::string fourcc_name = GetFourccName(captured_frame->fourcc) + " ";
  for (std::string::const_iterator i = fourcc_name.begin();
       i < fourcc_name.end(); ++i) {
    // Test character is printable; Avoid isprint() which asserts on negatives.
    if (*i < 32 || *i >= 127) {
      fourcc_name = "";
      break;
    }
  }

  std::ostringstream ss;
  ss << fourcc_name << captured_frame->width << "x" << captured_frame->height
     << "x" << VideoFormat::IntervalToFps(captured_frame->elapsed_time);
  return ss.str();
}

void VideoCapturer::OnFrameCaptured(VideoCapturer*,
                                    const CapturedFrame* captured_frame) {
  if (muted_) {
    if (black_frame_count_down_ == 0) {
      thread_->Post(this, MSG_DO_PAUSE, NULL);
    } else {
      --black_frame_count_down_;
    }
  }

  if (SignalVideoFrame.is_empty()) {
    return;
  }
#if defined(HAVE_WEBRTC_VIDEO)
#define VIDEO_FRAME_NAME WebRtcVideoFrame
#endif
#if defined(VIDEO_FRAME_NAME)
#if !defined(DISABLE_YUV)
  if (IsScreencast()) {
    int scaled_width, scaled_height;
    int desired_screencast_fps = capture_format_.get() ?
        VideoFormat::IntervalToFps(capture_format_->interval) :
        kDefaultScreencastFps;
    ComputeScale(captured_frame->width, captured_frame->height,
                 desired_screencast_fps, &scaled_width, &scaled_height);

    if (scaled_width != scaled_width_ || scaled_height != scaled_height_) {
      LOG(LS_VERBOSE) << "Scaling Screencast from "
                      << captured_frame->width << "x"
                      << captured_frame->height << " to "
                      << scaled_width << "x" << scaled_height;
      scaled_width_ = scaled_width;
      scaled_height_ = scaled_height;
    }
    if (FOURCC_ARGB == captured_frame->fourcc &&
        (scaled_width != captured_frame->height ||
         scaled_height != captured_frame->height)) {
      CapturedFrame* scaled_frame = const_cast<CapturedFrame*>(captured_frame);
      // Compute new width such that width * height is less than maximum but
      // maintains original captured frame aspect ratio.
      // Round down width to multiple of 4 so odd width won't round up beyond
      // maximum, and so chroma channel is even width to simplify spatial
      // resampling.
      libyuv::ARGBScale(reinterpret_cast<const uint8*>(captured_frame->data),
                        captured_frame->width * 4, captured_frame->width,
                        captured_frame->height,
                        reinterpret_cast<uint8*>(scaled_frame->data),
                        scaled_width * 4, scaled_width, scaled_height,
                        libyuv::kFilterBilinear);
      scaled_frame->width = scaled_width;
      scaled_frame->height = scaled_height;
      scaled_frame->data_size = scaled_width * 4 * scaled_height;
    }
  }
#endif  // !DISABLE_YUV
        // Size to crop captured frame to.  This adjusts the captured frames
        // aspect ratio to match the final view aspect ratio, considering pixel
  // aspect ratio and rotation.  The final size may be scaled down by video
  // adapter to better match ratio_w_ x ratio_h_.
  // Note that abs() of frame height is passed in, because source may be
  // inverted, but output will be positive.
  int desired_width = captured_frame->width;
  int desired_height = captured_frame->height;

  // TODO(fbarchard): Improve logic to pad or crop.
  // MJPG can crop vertically, but not horizontally.  This logic disables crop.
  // Alternatively we could pad the image with black, or implement a 2 step
  // crop.
  bool can_crop = true;
  if (captured_frame->fourcc == FOURCC_MJPG) {
    float cam_aspect = static_cast<float>(captured_frame->width) /
        static_cast<float>(captured_frame->height);
    float view_aspect = static_cast<float>(ratio_w_) /
        static_cast<float>(ratio_h_);
    can_crop = cam_aspect <= view_aspect;
  }
  if (can_crop && !IsScreencast()) {
    // TODO(ronghuawu): The capturer should always produce the native
    // resolution and the cropping should be done in downstream code.
    ComputeCrop(ratio_w_, ratio_h_, captured_frame->width,
                abs(captured_frame->height), captured_frame->pixel_width,
                captured_frame->pixel_height, captured_frame->rotation,
                &desired_width, &desired_height);
  }

  VIDEO_FRAME_NAME i420_frame;
  if (!i420_frame.Init(captured_frame, desired_width, desired_height)) {
    // TODO(fbarchard): LOG more information about captured frame attributes.
    LOG(LS_ERROR) << "Couldn't convert to I420! "
                  << "From " << ToString(captured_frame) << " To "
                  << desired_width << " x " << desired_height;
    return;
  }
  if (!muted_ && !ApplyProcessors(&i420_frame)) {
    // Processor dropped the frame.
    return;
  }
  if (muted_) {
    i420_frame.SetToBlack();
  }
  SignalVideoFrame(this, &i420_frame);
#endif  // VIDEO_FRAME_NAME
}

void VideoCapturer::SetCaptureState(CaptureState state) {
  if (state == capture_state_) {
    // Don't trigger a state changed callback if the state hasn't changed.
    return;
  }
  StateChangeParams* state_params = new StateChangeParams(state);
  capture_state_ = state;
  thread_->Post(this, MSG_STATE_CHANGE, state_params);
}

void VideoCapturer::OnMessage(talk_base::Message* message) {
  switch (message->message_id) {
    case MSG_STATE_CHANGE: {
      talk_base::scoped_ptr<StateChangeParams> p(
          static_cast<StateChangeParams*>(message->pdata));
      SignalStateChange(this, p->data());
      break;
    }
    case MSG_DO_PAUSE: {
      Pause(true);
      break;
    }
    case MSG_DO_UNPAUSE: {
      Pause(false);
      break;
    }
    default: {
      ASSERT(false);
    }
  }
}

// Get the distance between the supported and desired formats.
// Prioritization is done according to this algorithm:
// 1) Width closeness. If not same, we prefer wider.
// 2) Height closeness. If not same, we prefer higher.
// 3) Framerate closeness. If not same, we prefer faster.
// 4) Compression. If desired format has a specific fourcc, we need exact match;
//                otherwise, we use preference.
int64 VideoCapturer::GetFormatDistance(const VideoFormat& desired,
                                       const VideoFormat& supported) {
  int64 distance = kMaxDistance;

  // Check fourcc.
  uint32 supported_fourcc = CanonicalFourCC(supported.fourcc);
  int64 delta_fourcc = kMaxDistance;
  if (FOURCC_ANY == desired.fourcc) {
    // Any fourcc is OK for the desired. Use preference to find best fourcc.
    std::vector<uint32> preferred_fourccs;
    if (!GetPreferredFourccs(&preferred_fourccs)) {
      return distance;
    }

    for (size_t i = 0; i < preferred_fourccs.size(); ++i) {
      if (supported_fourcc == CanonicalFourCC(preferred_fourccs[i])) {
        delta_fourcc = i;
#ifdef LINUX
        // For HD avoid YU12 which is a software conversion and has 2 bugs
        // b/7326348 b/6960899.  Reenable when fixed.
        if (supported.height >= 720 && (supported_fourcc == FOURCC_YU12 ||
                                        supported_fourcc == FOURCC_YV12)) {
          delta_fourcc += kYU12Penalty;
        }
#endif
        break;
      }
    }
  } else if (supported_fourcc == CanonicalFourCC(desired.fourcc)) {
    delta_fourcc = 0;  // Need exact match.
  }

  if (kMaxDistance == delta_fourcc) {
    // Failed to match fourcc.
    return distance;
  }

  // Check resolution and fps.
  int desired_width = desired.width;
  int desired_height = desired.height;
  int64 delta_w = supported.width - desired_width;
  int64 supported_fps = VideoFormat::IntervalToFps(supported.interval);
  int64 delta_fps =
      supported_fps - VideoFormat::IntervalToFps(desired.interval);
  // Check height of supported height compared to height we would like it to be.
  int64 aspect_h =
      desired_width ? supported.width * desired_height / desired_width
                    : desired_height;
  int64 delta_h = supported.height - aspect_h;

  distance = 0;
  // Set high penalty if the supported format is lower than the desired format.
  // 3x means we would prefer down to down to 3/4, than up to double.
  // But we'd prefer up to double than down to 1/2.  This is conservative,
  // strongly avoiding going down in resolution, similar to
  // the old method, but not completely ruling it out in extreme situations.
  // It also ignores framerate, which is often very low at high resolutions.
  // TODO(fbarchard): Improve logic to use weighted factors.
  static const int kDownPenalty = -3;
  if (delta_w < 0) {
    delta_w = delta_w * kDownPenalty;
  }
  if (delta_h < 0) {
    delta_h = delta_h * kDownPenalty;
  }
  // Require camera fps to be at least 80% of what is requested if resolution
  // matches.
  // Require camera fps to be at least 96% of what is requested, or higher,
  // if resolution differs. 96% allows for slight variations in fps. e.g. 29.97
  if (delta_fps < 0) {
    int64 min_desirable_fps = delta_w ?
    VideoFormat::IntervalToFps(desired.interval) * 29 / 30 :
    VideoFormat::IntervalToFps(desired.interval) * 24 / 30;
    delta_fps = -delta_fps;
    if (supported_fps < min_desirable_fps) {
      distance |= static_cast<int64>(1) << 62;
    } else {
      distance |= static_cast<int64>(1) << 15;
    }
  }

  // 12 bits for width and height and 8 bits for fps and fourcc.
  distance |=
      (delta_w << 28) | (delta_h << 16) | (delta_fps << 8) | delta_fourcc;

  return distance;
}

bool VideoCapturer::ApplyProcessors(VideoFrame* video_frame) {
  bool drop_frame = false;
  talk_base::CritScope cs(&crit_);
  for (VideoProcessors::iterator iter = video_processors_.begin();
       iter != video_processors_.end(); ++iter) {
    (*iter)->OnFrame(kDummyVideoSsrc, video_frame, &drop_frame);
    if (drop_frame) {
      return false;
    }
  }
  return true;
}

void VideoCapturer::UpdateFilteredSupportedFormats() {
  filtered_supported_formats_.clear();
  filtered_supported_formats_ = supported_formats_;
  if (!max_format_) {
    return;
  }
  std::vector<VideoFormat>::iterator iter = filtered_supported_formats_.begin();
  while (iter != filtered_supported_formats_.end()) {
    if (ShouldFilterFormat(*iter)) {
      iter = filtered_supported_formats_.erase(iter);
    } else {
      ++iter;
    }
  }
  if (filtered_supported_formats_.empty()) {
    // The device only captures at resolutions higher than |max_format_| this
    // indicates that |max_format_| should be ignored as it is better to capture
    // at too high a resolution than to not capture at all.
    filtered_supported_formats_ = supported_formats_;
  }
}

bool VideoCapturer::ShouldFilterFormat(const VideoFormat& format) const {
  if (!enable_camera_list_) {
    return false;
  }
  return format.width > max_format_->width ||
         format.height > max_format_->height;
}

}  // namespace cricket