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      1 Installation Instructions
      2 *************************
      3 
      4 Copyright (C) 1994, 1995, 1996, 1999, 2000, 2001, 2002, 2004, 2005,
      5 2006, 2007, 2008, 2009 Free Software Foundation, Inc.
      6 
      7    Copying and distribution of this file, with or without modification,
      8 are permitted in any medium without royalty provided the copyright
      9 notice and this notice are preserved.  This file is offered as-is,
     10 without warranty of any kind.
     11 
     12 Basic Installation
     13 ==================
     14 
     15    Briefly, the shell commands `./configure; make; make install' should
     16 configure, build, and install this package.  The following
     17 more-detailed instructions are generic; see the `README' file for
     18 instructions specific to this package.  Some packages provide this
     19 `INSTALL' file but do not implement all of the features documented
     20 below.  The lack of an optional feature in a given package is not
     21 necessarily a bug.  More recommendations for GNU packages can be found
     22 in *note Makefile Conventions: (standards)Makefile Conventions.
     23 
     24    The `configure' shell script attempts to guess correct values for
     25 various system-dependent variables used during compilation.  It uses
     26 those values to create a `Makefile' in each directory of the package.
     27 It may also create one or more `.h' files containing system-dependent
     28 definitions.  Finally, it creates a shell script `config.status' that
     29 you can run in the future to recreate the current configuration, and a
     30 file `config.log' containing compiler output (useful mainly for
     31 debugging `configure').
     32 
     33    It can also use an optional file (typically called `config.cache'
     34 and enabled with `--cache-file=config.cache' or simply `-C') that saves
     35 the results of its tests to speed up reconfiguring.  Caching is
     36 disabled by default to prevent problems with accidental use of stale
     37 cache files.
     38 
     39    If you need to do unusual things to compile the package, please try
     40 to figure out how `configure' could check whether to do them, and mail
     41 diffs or instructions to the address given in the `README' so they can
     42 be considered for the next release.  If you are using the cache, and at
     43 some point `config.cache' contains results you don't want to keep, you
     44 may remove or edit it.
     45 
     46    The file `configure.ac' (or `configure.in') is used to create
     47 `configure' by a program called `autoconf'.  You need `configure.ac' if
     48 you want to change it or regenerate `configure' using a newer version
     49 of `autoconf'.
     50 
     51    The simplest way to compile this package is:
     52 
     53   1. `cd' to the directory containing the package's source code and type
     54      `./configure' to configure the package for your system.
     55 
     56      Running `configure' might take a while.  While running, it prints
     57      some messages telling which features it is checking for.
     58 
     59   2. Type `make' to compile the package.
     60 
     61   3. Optionally, type `make check' to run any self-tests that come with
     62      the package, generally using the just-built uninstalled binaries.
     63 
     64   4. Type `make install' to install the programs and any data files and
     65      documentation.  When installing into a prefix owned by root, it is
     66      recommended that the package be configured and built as a regular
     67      user, and only the `make install' phase executed with root
     68      privileges.
     69 
     70   5. Optionally, type `make installcheck' to repeat any self-tests, but
     71      this time using the binaries in their final installed location.
     72      This target does not install anything.  Running this target as a
     73      regular user, particularly if the prior `make install' required
     74      root privileges, verifies that the installation completed
     75      correctly.
     76 
     77   6. You can remove the program binaries and object files from the
     78      source code directory by typing `make clean'.  To also remove the
     79      files that `configure' created (so you can compile the package for
     80      a different kind of computer), type `make distclean'.  There is
     81      also a `make maintainer-clean' target, but that is intended mainly
     82      for the package's developers.  If you use it, you may have to get
     83      all sorts of other programs in order to regenerate files that came
     84      with the distribution.
     85 
     86   7. Often, you can also type `make uninstall' to remove the installed
     87      files again.  In practice, not all packages have tested that
     88      uninstallation works correctly, even though it is required by the
     89      GNU Coding Standards.
     90 
     91   8. Some packages, particularly those that use Automake, provide `make
     92      distcheck', which can by used by developers to test that all other
     93      targets like `make install' and `make uninstall' work correctly.
     94      This target is generally not run by end users.
     95 
     96 Compilers and Options
     97 =====================
     98 
     99    Some systems require unusual options for compilation or linking that
    100 the `configure' script does not know about.  Run `./configure --help'
    101 for details on some of the pertinent environment variables.
    102 
    103    You can give `configure' initial values for configuration parameters
    104 by setting variables in the command line or in the environment.  Here
    105 is an example:
    106 
    107      ./configure CC=c99 CFLAGS=-g LIBS=-lposix
    108 
    109    *Note Defining Variables::, for more details.
    110 
    111 Compiling For Multiple Architectures
    112 ====================================
    113 
    114    You can compile the package for more than one kind of computer at the
    115 same time, by placing the object files for each architecture in their
    116 own directory.  To do this, you can use GNU `make'.  `cd' to the
    117 directory where you want the object files and executables to go and run
    118 the `configure' script.  `configure' automatically checks for the
    119 source code in the directory that `configure' is in and in `..'.  This
    120 is known as a "VPATH" build.
    121 
    122    With a non-GNU `make', it is safer to compile the package for one
    123 architecture at a time in the source code directory.  After you have
    124 installed the package for one architecture, use `make distclean' before
    125 reconfiguring for another architecture.
    126 
    127    On MacOS X 10.5 and later systems, you can create libraries and
    128 executables that work on multiple system types--known as "fat" or
    129 "universal" binaries--by specifying multiple `-arch' options to the
    130 compiler but only a single `-arch' option to the preprocessor.  Like
    131 this:
    132 
    133      ./configure CC="gcc -arch i386 -arch x86_64 -arch ppc -arch ppc64" \
    134                  CXX="g++ -arch i386 -arch x86_64 -arch ppc -arch ppc64" \
    135                  CPP="gcc -E" CXXCPP="g++ -E"
    136 
    137    This is not guaranteed to produce working output in all cases, you
    138 may have to build one architecture at a time and combine the results
    139 using the `lipo' tool if you have problems.
    140 
    141 Installation Names
    142 ==================
    143 
    144    By default, `make install' installs the package's commands under
    145 `/usr/local/bin', include files under `/usr/local/include', etc.  You
    146 can specify an installation prefix other than `/usr/local' by giving
    147 `configure' the option `--prefix=PREFIX', where PREFIX must be an
    148 absolute file name.
    149 
    150    You can specify separate installation prefixes for
    151 architecture-specific files and architecture-independent files.  If you
    152 pass the option `--exec-prefix=PREFIX' to `configure', the package uses
    153 PREFIX as the prefix for installing programs and libraries.
    154 Documentation and other data files still use the regular prefix.
    155 
    156    In addition, if you use an unusual directory layout you can give
    157 options like `--bindir=DIR' to specify different values for particular
    158 kinds of files.  Run `configure --help' for a list of the directories
    159 you can set and what kinds of files go in them.  In general, the
    160 default for these options is expressed in terms of `${prefix}', so that
    161 specifying just `--prefix' will affect all of the other directory
    162 specifications that were not explicitly provided.
    163 
    164    The most portable way to affect installation locations is to pass the
    165 correct locations to `configure'; however, many packages provide one or
    166 both of the following shortcuts of passing variable assignments to the
    167 `make install' command line to change installation locations without
    168 having to reconfigure or recompile.
    169 
    170    The first method involves providing an override variable for each
    171 affected directory.  For example, `make install
    172 prefix=/alternate/directory' will choose an alternate location for all
    173 directory configuration variables that were expressed in terms of
    174 `${prefix}'.  Any directories that were specified during `configure',
    175 but not in terms of `${prefix}', must each be overridden at install
    176 time for the entire installation to be relocated.  The approach of
    177 makefile variable overrides for each directory variable is required by
    178 the GNU Coding Standards, and ideally causes no recompilation.
    179 However, some platforms have known limitations with the semantics of
    180 shared libraries that end up requiring recompilation when using this
    181 method, particularly noticeable in packages that use GNU Libtool.
    182 
    183    The second method involves providing the `DESTDIR' variable.  For
    184 example, `make install DESTDIR=/alternate/directory' will prepend
    185 `/alternate/directory' before all installation names.  The approach of
    186 `DESTDIR' overrides is not required by the GNU Coding Standards, and
    187 does not work on platforms that have drive letters.  On the other hand,
    188 it does better at avoiding recompilation issues, and works well even
    189 when some directory options were not specified in terms of `${prefix}'
    190 at `configure' time.
    191 
    192 Optional Features
    193 =================
    194 
    195    If the package supports it, you can cause programs to be installed
    196 with an extra prefix or suffix on their names by giving `configure' the
    197 option `--program-prefix=PREFIX' or `--program-suffix=SUFFIX'.
    198 
    199    Some packages pay attention to `--enable-FEATURE' options to
    200 `configure', where FEATURE indicates an optional part of the package.
    201 They may also pay attention to `--with-PACKAGE' options, where PACKAGE
    202 is something like `gnu-as' or `x' (for the X Window System).  The
    203 `README' should mention any `--enable-' and `--with-' options that the
    204 package recognizes.
    205 
    206    For packages that use the X Window System, `configure' can usually
    207 find the X include and library files automatically, but if it doesn't,
    208 you can use the `configure' options `--x-includes=DIR' and
    209 `--x-libraries=DIR' to specify their locations.
    210 
    211    Some packages offer the ability to configure how verbose the
    212 execution of `make' will be.  For these packages, running `./configure
    213 --enable-silent-rules' sets the default to minimal output, which can be
    214 overridden with `make V=1'; while running `./configure
    215 --disable-silent-rules' sets the default to verbose, which can be
    216 overridden with `make V=0'.
    217 
    218 Particular systems
    219 ==================
    220 
    221    On HP-UX, the default C compiler is not ANSI C compatible.  If GNU
    222 CC is not installed, it is recommended to use the following options in
    223 order to use an ANSI C compiler:
    224 
    225      ./configure CC="cc -Ae -D_XOPEN_SOURCE=500"
    226 
    227 and if that doesn't work, install pre-built binaries of GCC for HP-UX.
    228 
    229    On OSF/1 a.k.a. Tru64, some versions of the default C compiler cannot
    230 parse its `<wchar.h>' header file.  The option `-nodtk' can be used as
    231 a workaround.  If GNU CC is not installed, it is therefore recommended
    232 to try
    233 
    234      ./configure CC="cc"
    235 
    236 and if that doesn't work, try
    237 
    238      ./configure CC="cc -nodtk"
    239 
    240    On Solaris, don't put `/usr/ucb' early in your `PATH'.  This
    241 directory contains several dysfunctional programs; working variants of
    242 these programs are available in `/usr/bin'.  So, if you need `/usr/ucb'
    243 in your `PATH', put it _after_ `/usr/bin'.
    244 
    245    On Haiku, software installed for all users goes in `/boot/common',
    246 not `/usr/local'.  It is recommended to use the following options:
    247 
    248      ./configure --prefix=/boot/common
    249 
    250 Specifying the System Type
    251 ==========================
    252 
    253    There may be some features `configure' cannot figure out
    254 automatically, but needs to determine by the type of machine the package
    255 will run on.  Usually, assuming the package is built to be run on the
    256 _same_ architectures, `configure' can figure that out, but if it prints
    257 a message saying it cannot guess the machine type, give it the
    258 `--build=TYPE' option.  TYPE can either be a short name for the system
    259 type, such as `sun4', or a canonical name which has the form:
    260 
    261      CPU-COMPANY-SYSTEM
    262 
    263 where SYSTEM can have one of these forms:
    264 
    265      OS
    266      KERNEL-OS
    267 
    268    See the file `config.sub' for the possible values of each field.  If
    269 `config.sub' isn't included in this package, then this package doesn't
    270 need to know the machine type.
    271 
    272    If you are _building_ compiler tools for cross-compiling, you should
    273 use the option `--target=TYPE' to select the type of system they will
    274 produce code for.
    275 
    276    If you want to _use_ a cross compiler, that generates code for a
    277 platform different from the build platform, you should specify the
    278 "host" platform (i.e., that on which the generated programs will
    279 eventually be run) with `--host=TYPE'.
    280 
    281 Sharing Defaults
    282 ================
    283 
    284    If you want to set default values for `configure' scripts to share,
    285 you can create a site shell script called `config.site' that gives
    286 default values for variables like `CC', `cache_file', and `prefix'.
    287 `configure' looks for `PREFIX/share/config.site' if it exists, then
    288 `PREFIX/etc/config.site' if it exists.  Or, you can set the
    289 `CONFIG_SITE' environment variable to the location of the site script.
    290 A warning: not all `configure' scripts look for a site script.
    291 
    292 Defining Variables
    293 ==================
    294 
    295    Variables not defined in a site shell script can be set in the
    296 environment passed to `configure'.  However, some packages may run
    297 configure again during the build, and the customized values of these
    298 variables may be lost.  In order to avoid this problem, you should set
    299 them in the `configure' command line, using `VAR=value'.  For example:
    300 
    301      ./configure CC=/usr/local2/bin/gcc
    302 
    303 causes the specified `gcc' to be used as the C compiler (unless it is
    304 overridden in the site shell script).
    305 
    306 Unfortunately, this technique does not work for `CONFIG_SHELL' due to
    307 an Autoconf bug.  Until the bug is fixed you can use this workaround:
    308 
    309      CONFIG_SHELL=/bin/bash /bin/bash ./configure CONFIG_SHELL=/bin/bash
    310 
    311 `configure' Invocation
    312 ======================
    313 
    314    `configure' recognizes the following options to control how it
    315 operates.
    316 
    317 `--help'
    318 `-h'
    319      Print a summary of all of the options to `configure', and exit.
    320 
    321 `--help=short'
    322 `--help=recursive'
    323      Print a summary of the options unique to this package's
    324      `configure', and exit.  The `short' variant lists options used
    325      only in the top level, while the `recursive' variant lists options
    326      also present in any nested packages.
    327 
    328 `--version'
    329 `-V'
    330      Print the version of Autoconf used to generate the `configure'
    331      script, and exit.
    332 
    333 `--cache-file=FILE'
    334      Enable the cache: use and save the results of the tests in FILE,
    335      traditionally `config.cache'.  FILE defaults to `/dev/null' to
    336      disable caching.
    337 
    338 `--config-cache'
    339 `-C'
    340      Alias for `--cache-file=config.cache'.
    341 
    342 `--quiet'
    343 `--silent'
    344 `-q'
    345      Do not print messages saying which checks are being made.  To
    346      suppress all normal output, redirect it to `/dev/null' (any error
    347      messages will still be shown).
    348 
    349 `--srcdir=DIR'
    350      Look for the package's source code in directory DIR.  Usually
    351      `configure' can determine that directory automatically.
    352 
    353 `--prefix=DIR'
    354      Use DIR as the installation prefix.  *note Installation Names::
    355      for more details, including other options available for fine-tuning
    356      the installation locations.
    357 
    358 `--no-create'
    359 `-n'
    360      Run the configure checks, but stop before creating any output
    361      files.
    362 
    363 `configure' also accepts some other, not widely useful, options.  Run
    364 `configure --help' for more details.
    365 
    366