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      1 // SGI's rope class implementation -*- C++ -*-
      2 
      3 // Copyright (C) 2001, 2002, 2003, 2004, 2005, 2006, 2007, 2008, 2009, 2010
      4 // Free Software Foundation, Inc.
      5 //
      6 // This file is part of the GNU ISO C++ Library.  This library is free
      7 // software; you can redistribute it and/or modify it under the
      8 // terms of the GNU General Public License as published by the
      9 // Free Software Foundation; either version 3, or (at your option)
     10 // any later version.
     11 
     12 // This library is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
     13 // but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
     14 // MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the
     15 // GNU General Public License for more details.
     16 
     17 // Under Section 7 of GPL version 3, you are granted additional
     18 // permissions described in the GCC Runtime Library Exception, version
     19 // 3.1, as published by the Free Software Foundation.
     20 
     21 // You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License and
     22 // a copy of the GCC Runtime Library Exception along with this program;
     23 // see the files COPYING3 and COPYING.RUNTIME respectively.  If not, see
     24 // <http://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
     25 
     26 /*
     27  * Copyright (c) 1997
     28  * Silicon Graphics Computer Systems, Inc.
     29  *
     30  * Permission to use, copy, modify, distribute and sell this software
     31  * and its documentation for any purpose is hereby granted without fee,
     32  * provided that the above copyright notice appear in all copies and
     33  * that both that copyright notice and this permission notice appear
     34  * in supporting documentation.  Silicon Graphics makes no
     35  * representations about the suitability of this software for any
     36  * purpose.  It is provided "as is" without express or implied warranty.
     37  */
     38 
     39 /** @file ropeimpl.h
     40  *  This is an internal header file, included by other library headers.
     41  *  Do not attempt to use it directly. @headername{ext/rope}
     42  */
     43 
     44 #include <cstdio>
     45 #include <ostream>
     46 #include <bits/functexcept.h>
     47 
     48 #include <ext/algorithm> // For copy_n and lexicographical_compare_3way
     49 #include <ext/memory> // For uninitialized_copy_n
     50 #include <ext/numeric> // For power
     51 
     52 namespace __gnu_cxx _GLIBCXX_VISIBILITY(default)
     53 {
     54 _GLIBCXX_BEGIN_NAMESPACE_VERSION
     55 
     56   using std::size_t;
     57   using std::printf;
     58   using std::basic_ostream;
     59   using std::__throw_length_error;
     60   using std::_Destroy;
     61   using std::uninitialized_fill_n;
     62 
     63   // Set buf_start, buf_end, and buf_ptr appropriately, filling tmp_buf
     64   // if necessary.  Assumes _M_path_end[leaf_index] and leaf_pos are correct.
     65   // Results in a valid buf_ptr if the iterator can be legitimately
     66   // dereferenced.
     67   template <class _CharT, class _Alloc>
     68     void
     69     _Rope_iterator_base<_CharT, _Alloc>::
     70     _S_setbuf(_Rope_iterator_base<_CharT, _Alloc>& __x)
     71     {
     72       const _RopeRep* __leaf = __x._M_path_end[__x._M_leaf_index];
     73       size_t __leaf_pos = __x._M_leaf_pos;
     74       size_t __pos = __x._M_current_pos;
     75 
     76       switch(__leaf->_M_tag)
     77 	{
     78 	case __detail::_S_leaf:
     79 	  __x._M_buf_start = ((_Rope_RopeLeaf<_CharT, _Alloc>*)__leaf)->_M_data;
     80 	  __x._M_buf_ptr = __x._M_buf_start + (__pos - __leaf_pos);
     81 	  __x._M_buf_end = __x._M_buf_start + __leaf->_M_size;
     82 	  break;
     83 	case __detail::_S_function:
     84 	case __detail::_S_substringfn:
     85 	  {
     86 	    size_t __len = _S_iterator_buf_len;
     87 	    size_t __buf_start_pos = __leaf_pos;
     88 	    size_t __leaf_end = __leaf_pos + __leaf->_M_size;
     89 	    char_producer<_CharT>* __fn = ((_Rope_RopeFunction<_CharT,
     90 					    _Alloc>*)__leaf)->_M_fn;
     91 	    if (__buf_start_pos + __len <= __pos)
     92 	      {
     93 		__buf_start_pos = __pos - __len / 4;
     94 		if (__buf_start_pos + __len > __leaf_end)
     95 		  __buf_start_pos = __leaf_end - __len;
     96 	      }
     97 	    if (__buf_start_pos + __len > __leaf_end)
     98 	      __len = __leaf_end - __buf_start_pos;
     99 	    (*__fn)(__buf_start_pos - __leaf_pos, __len, __x._M_tmp_buf);
    100 	    __x._M_buf_ptr = __x._M_tmp_buf + (__pos - __buf_start_pos);
    101 	    __x._M_buf_start = __x._M_tmp_buf;
    102 	    __x._M_buf_end = __x._M_tmp_buf + __len;
    103 	  }
    104 	  break;
    105 	default:
    106 	  break;
    107 	}
    108     }
    109 
    110   // Set path and buffer inside a rope iterator.  We assume that
    111   // pos and root are already set.
    112   template <class _CharT, class _Alloc>
    113     void
    114     _Rope_iterator_base<_CharT, _Alloc>::
    115     _S_setcache(_Rope_iterator_base<_CharT, _Alloc>& __x)
    116     {
    117       const _RopeRep* __path[int(__detail::_S_max_rope_depth) + 1];
    118       const _RopeRep* __curr_rope;
    119       int __curr_depth = -1;  /* index into path    */
    120       size_t __curr_start_pos = 0;
    121       size_t __pos = __x._M_current_pos;
    122       unsigned char __dirns = 0; // Bit vector marking right turns in the path
    123 
    124       if (__pos >= __x._M_root->_M_size)
    125 	{
    126 	  __x._M_buf_ptr = 0;
    127 	  return;
    128 	}
    129       __curr_rope = __x._M_root;
    130       if (0 != __curr_rope->_M_c_string)
    131 	{
    132 	  /* Treat the root as a leaf. */
    133 	  __x._M_buf_start = __curr_rope->_M_c_string;
    134 	  __x._M_buf_end = __curr_rope->_M_c_string + __curr_rope->_M_size;
    135 	  __x._M_buf_ptr = __curr_rope->_M_c_string + __pos;
    136 	  __x._M_path_end[0] = __curr_rope;
    137 	  __x._M_leaf_index = 0;
    138 	  __x._M_leaf_pos = 0;
    139 	  return;
    140 	}
    141       for(;;)
    142 	{
    143 	  ++__curr_depth;
    144 	  __path[__curr_depth] = __curr_rope;
    145 	  switch(__curr_rope->_M_tag)
    146 	    {
    147 	    case __detail::_S_leaf:
    148 	    case __detail::_S_function:
    149 	    case __detail::_S_substringfn:
    150 	      __x._M_leaf_pos = __curr_start_pos;
    151 	      goto done;
    152 	    case __detail::_S_concat:
    153 	      {
    154 		_Rope_RopeConcatenation<_CharT, _Alloc>* __c =
    155 		  (_Rope_RopeConcatenation<_CharT, _Alloc>*)__curr_rope;
    156 		_RopeRep* __left = __c->_M_left;
    157 		size_t __left_len = __left->_M_size;
    158 
    159 		__dirns <<= 1;
    160 		if (__pos >= __curr_start_pos + __left_len)
    161 		  {
    162 		    __dirns |= 1;
    163 		    __curr_rope = __c->_M_right;
    164 		    __curr_start_pos += __left_len;
    165 		  }
    166 		else
    167 		  __curr_rope = __left;
    168 	      }
    169 	      break;
    170 	    }
    171 	}
    172     done:
    173       // Copy last section of path into _M_path_end.
    174       {
    175 	int __i = -1;
    176 	int __j = __curr_depth + 1 - int(_S_path_cache_len);
    177 
    178 	if (__j < 0) __j = 0;
    179 	while (__j <= __curr_depth)
    180 	  __x._M_path_end[++__i] = __path[__j++];
    181 	__x._M_leaf_index = __i;
    182       }
    183       __x._M_path_directions = __dirns;
    184       _S_setbuf(__x);
    185     }
    186 
    187   // Specialized version of the above.  Assumes that
    188   // the path cache is valid for the previous position.
    189   template <class _CharT, class _Alloc>
    190     void
    191     _Rope_iterator_base<_CharT, _Alloc>::
    192     _S_setcache_for_incr(_Rope_iterator_base<_CharT, _Alloc>& __x)
    193     {
    194       int __current_index = __x._M_leaf_index;
    195       const _RopeRep* __current_node = __x._M_path_end[__current_index];
    196       size_t __len = __current_node->_M_size;
    197       size_t __node_start_pos = __x._M_leaf_pos;
    198       unsigned char __dirns = __x._M_path_directions;
    199       _Rope_RopeConcatenation<_CharT, _Alloc>* __c;
    200 
    201       if (__x._M_current_pos - __node_start_pos < __len)
    202 	{
    203 	  /* More stuff in this leaf, we just didn't cache it. */
    204 	  _S_setbuf(__x);
    205 	  return;
    206 	}
    207       //  node_start_pos is starting position of last_node.
    208       while (--__current_index >= 0)
    209 	{
    210 	  if (!(__dirns & 1) /* Path turned left */)
    211 	    break;
    212 	  __current_node = __x._M_path_end[__current_index];
    213 	  __c = (_Rope_RopeConcatenation<_CharT, _Alloc>*)__current_node;
    214 	  // Otherwise we were in the right child.  Thus we should pop
    215 	  // the concatenation node.
    216 	  __node_start_pos -= __c->_M_left->_M_size;
    217 	  __dirns >>= 1;
    218 	}
    219       if (__current_index < 0)
    220 	{
    221 	  // We underflowed the cache. Punt.
    222 	  _S_setcache(__x);
    223 	  return;
    224 	}
    225       __current_node = __x._M_path_end[__current_index];
    226       __c = (_Rope_RopeConcatenation<_CharT, _Alloc>*)__current_node;
    227       // current_node is a concatenation node.  We are positioned on the first
    228       // character in its right child.
    229       // node_start_pos is starting position of current_node.
    230       __node_start_pos += __c->_M_left->_M_size;
    231       __current_node = __c->_M_right;
    232       __x._M_path_end[++__current_index] = __current_node;
    233       __dirns |= 1;
    234       while (__detail::_S_concat == __current_node->_M_tag)
    235 	{
    236 	  ++__current_index;
    237 	  if (int(_S_path_cache_len) == __current_index)
    238 	    {
    239 	      int __i;
    240 	      for (__i = 0; __i < int(_S_path_cache_len) - 1; __i++)
    241 		__x._M_path_end[__i] = __x._M_path_end[__i+1];
    242 	      --__current_index;
    243 	    }
    244 	  __current_node =
    245 	    ((_Rope_RopeConcatenation<_CharT, _Alloc>*)__current_node)->_M_left;
    246 	  __x._M_path_end[__current_index] = __current_node;
    247 	  __dirns <<= 1;
    248 	  // node_start_pos is unchanged.
    249 	}
    250       __x._M_leaf_index = __current_index;
    251       __x._M_leaf_pos = __node_start_pos;
    252       __x._M_path_directions = __dirns;
    253       _S_setbuf(__x);
    254     }
    255 
    256   template <class _CharT, class _Alloc>
    257     void
    258     _Rope_iterator_base<_CharT, _Alloc>::
    259     _M_incr(size_t __n)
    260     {
    261       _M_current_pos += __n;
    262       if (0 != _M_buf_ptr)
    263 	{
    264 	  size_t __chars_left = _M_buf_end - _M_buf_ptr;
    265 	  if (__chars_left > __n)
    266 	    _M_buf_ptr += __n;
    267 	  else if (__chars_left == __n)
    268 	    {
    269 	      _M_buf_ptr += __n;
    270 	      _S_setcache_for_incr(*this);
    271 	    }
    272 	  else
    273 	    _M_buf_ptr = 0;
    274 	}
    275     }
    276 
    277   template <class _CharT, class _Alloc>
    278     void
    279     _Rope_iterator_base<_CharT, _Alloc>::
    280     _M_decr(size_t __n)
    281     {
    282       if (0 != _M_buf_ptr)
    283 	{
    284 	  size_t __chars_left = _M_buf_ptr - _M_buf_start;
    285 	  if (__chars_left >= __n)
    286 	    _M_buf_ptr -= __n;
    287 	  else
    288 	    _M_buf_ptr = 0;
    289 	}
    290       _M_current_pos -= __n;
    291     }
    292 
    293   template <class _CharT, class _Alloc>
    294     void
    295     _Rope_iterator<_CharT, _Alloc>::
    296     _M_check()
    297     {
    298       if (_M_root_rope->_M_tree_ptr != this->_M_root)
    299 	{
    300 	  // _Rope was modified.  Get things fixed up.
    301 	  _RopeRep::_S_unref(this->_M_root);
    302 	  this->_M_root = _M_root_rope->_M_tree_ptr;
    303 	  _RopeRep::_S_ref(this->_M_root);
    304 	  this->_M_buf_ptr = 0;
    305 	}
    306     }
    307 
    308   template <class _CharT, class _Alloc>
    309     inline
    310     _Rope_const_iterator<_CharT, _Alloc>::
    311     _Rope_const_iterator(const _Rope_iterator<_CharT, _Alloc>& __x)
    312     : _Rope_iterator_base<_CharT, _Alloc>(__x)
    313     { }
    314 
    315   template <class _CharT, class _Alloc>
    316     inline
    317     _Rope_iterator<_CharT, _Alloc>::
    318     _Rope_iterator(rope<_CharT, _Alloc>& __r, size_t __pos)
    319     : _Rope_iterator_base<_CharT,_Alloc>(__r._M_tree_ptr, __pos),
    320       _M_root_rope(&__r)
    321     { _RopeRep::_S_ref(this->_M_root); }
    322 
    323   template <class _CharT, class _Alloc>
    324     inline size_t
    325     rope<_CharT, _Alloc>::
    326     _S_char_ptr_len(const _CharT* __s)
    327     {
    328       const _CharT* __p = __s;
    329 
    330       while (!_S_is0(*__p))
    331 	++__p;
    332       return (__p - __s);
    333     }
    334 
    335 
    336 #ifndef __GC
    337 
    338   template <class _CharT, class _Alloc>
    339     inline void
    340     _Rope_RopeRep<_CharT, _Alloc>::
    341     _M_free_c_string()
    342     {
    343       _CharT* __cstr = _M_c_string;
    344       if (0 != __cstr)
    345 	{
    346 	  size_t __size = this->_M_size + 1;
    347 	  _Destroy(__cstr, __cstr + __size, _M_get_allocator());
    348 	  this->_Data_deallocate(__cstr, __size);
    349 	}
    350     }
    351 
    352   template <class _CharT, class _Alloc>
    353     inline void
    354     _Rope_RopeRep<_CharT, _Alloc>::
    355     _S_free_string(_CharT* __s, size_t __n, allocator_type& __a)
    356     {
    357       if (!_S_is_basic_char_type((_CharT*)0))
    358 	_Destroy(__s, __s + __n, __a);
    359 
    360       //  This has to be a static member, so this gets a bit messy
    361       __a.deallocate(__s,
    362 		     _Rope_RopeLeaf<_CharT, _Alloc>::_S_rounded_up_size(__n));
    363     }
    364 
    365   //  There are several reasons for not doing this with virtual destructors
    366   //  and a class specific delete operator:
    367   //  - A class specific delete operator can't easily get access to
    368   //    allocator instances if we need them.
    369   //  - Any virtual function would need a 4 or byte vtable pointer;
    370   //    this only requires a one byte tag per object.
    371   template <class _CharT, class _Alloc>
    372     void
    373     _Rope_RopeRep<_CharT, _Alloc>::
    374     _M_free_tree()
    375     {
    376       switch(_M_tag)
    377 	{
    378 	case __detail::_S_leaf:
    379 	  {
    380 	    _Rope_RopeLeaf<_CharT, _Alloc>* __l
    381 	      = (_Rope_RopeLeaf<_CharT, _Alloc>*)this;
    382 	    __l->_Rope_RopeLeaf<_CharT, _Alloc>::~_Rope_RopeLeaf();
    383 	    _L_deallocate(__l, 1);
    384 	    break;
    385 	  }
    386 	case __detail::_S_concat:
    387 	  {
    388 	    _Rope_RopeConcatenation<_CharT,_Alloc>* __c
    389 	      = (_Rope_RopeConcatenation<_CharT, _Alloc>*)this;
    390 	    __c->_Rope_RopeConcatenation<_CharT, _Alloc>::
    391 	      ~_Rope_RopeConcatenation();
    392 	    _C_deallocate(__c, 1);
    393 	    break;
    394 	  }
    395 	case __detail::_S_function:
    396 	  {
    397 	    _Rope_RopeFunction<_CharT, _Alloc>* __f
    398 	      = (_Rope_RopeFunction<_CharT, _Alloc>*)this;
    399 	    __f->_Rope_RopeFunction<_CharT, _Alloc>::~_Rope_RopeFunction();
    400 	    _F_deallocate(__f, 1);
    401 	    break;
    402 	  }
    403 	case __detail::_S_substringfn:
    404 	  {
    405 	    _Rope_RopeSubstring<_CharT, _Alloc>* __ss =
    406 	      (_Rope_RopeSubstring<_CharT, _Alloc>*)this;
    407 	    __ss->_Rope_RopeSubstring<_CharT, _Alloc>::
    408 	      ~_Rope_RopeSubstring();
    409 	    _S_deallocate(__ss, 1);
    410 	    break;
    411 	  }
    412 	}
    413     }
    414 #else
    415 
    416   template <class _CharT, class _Alloc>
    417     inline void
    418     _Rope_RopeRep<_CharT, _Alloc>::
    419     _S_free_string(const _CharT*, size_t, allocator_type)
    420     { }
    421 
    422 #endif
    423 
    424   // Concatenate a C string onto a leaf rope by copying the rope data.
    425   // Used for short ropes.
    426   template <class _CharT, class _Alloc>
    427     typename rope<_CharT, _Alloc>::_RopeLeaf*
    428     rope<_CharT, _Alloc>::
    429     _S_leaf_concat_char_iter(_RopeLeaf* __r, const _CharT* __iter, size_t __len)
    430     {
    431       size_t __old_len = __r->_M_size;
    432       _CharT* __new_data = (_CharT*)
    433 	_Data_allocate(_S_rounded_up_size(__old_len + __len));
    434       _RopeLeaf* __result;
    435 
    436       uninitialized_copy_n(__r->_M_data, __old_len, __new_data);
    437       uninitialized_copy_n(__iter, __len, __new_data + __old_len);
    438       _S_cond_store_eos(__new_data[__old_len + __len]);
    439       __try
    440 	{
    441 	  __result = _S_new_RopeLeaf(__new_data, __old_len + __len,
    442 				     __r->_M_get_allocator());
    443 	}
    444       __catch(...)
    445 	{
    446 	  _RopeRep::__STL_FREE_STRING(__new_data, __old_len + __len,
    447 				      __r->_M_get_allocator());
    448 	  __throw_exception_again;
    449 	}
    450       return __result;
    451     }
    452 
    453 #ifndef __GC
    454   // As above, but it's OK to clobber original if refcount is 1
    455   template <class _CharT, class _Alloc>
    456     typename rope<_CharT,_Alloc>::_RopeLeaf*
    457     rope<_CharT, _Alloc>::
    458     _S_destr_leaf_concat_char_iter(_RopeLeaf* __r, const _CharT* __iter,
    459 				   size_t __len)
    460     {
    461       if (__r->_M_ref_count > 1)
    462 	return _S_leaf_concat_char_iter(__r, __iter, __len);
    463       size_t __old_len = __r->_M_size;
    464       if (_S_allocated_capacity(__old_len) >= __old_len + __len)
    465 	{
    466 	  // The space has been partially initialized for the standard
    467 	  // character types.  But that doesn't matter for those types.
    468 	  uninitialized_copy_n(__iter, __len, __r->_M_data + __old_len);
    469 	  if (_S_is_basic_char_type((_CharT*)0))
    470 	    _S_cond_store_eos(__r->_M_data[__old_len + __len]);
    471 	  else if (__r->_M_c_string != __r->_M_data && 0 != __r->_M_c_string)
    472 	    {
    473 	      __r->_M_free_c_string();
    474 	      __r->_M_c_string = 0;
    475 	    }
    476 	  __r->_M_size = __old_len + __len;
    477 	  __r->_M_ref_count = 2;
    478 	  return __r;
    479 	}
    480       else
    481 	{
    482 	  _RopeLeaf* __result = _S_leaf_concat_char_iter(__r, __iter, __len);
    483 	  return __result;
    484 	}
    485     }
    486 #endif
    487 
    488   // Assumes left and right are not 0.
    489   // Does not increment (nor decrement on exception) child reference counts.
    490   // Result has ref count 1.
    491   template <class _CharT, class _Alloc>
    492     typename rope<_CharT, _Alloc>::_RopeRep*
    493     rope<_CharT, _Alloc>::
    494     _S_tree_concat(_RopeRep* __left, _RopeRep* __right)
    495     {
    496       _RopeConcatenation* __result = _S_new_RopeConcatenation(__left, __right,
    497 							      __left->
    498 							      _M_get_allocator());
    499       size_t __depth = __result->_M_depth;
    500 
    501       if (__depth > 20
    502 	  && (__result->_M_size < 1000
    503 	      || __depth > size_t(__detail::_S_max_rope_depth)))
    504 	{
    505 	  _RopeRep* __balanced;
    506 
    507 	  __try
    508 	    {
    509 	      __balanced = _S_balance(__result);
    510 	      __result->_M_unref_nonnil();
    511 	    }
    512 	  __catch(...)
    513 	    {
    514 	      _C_deallocate(__result,1);
    515 	      __throw_exception_again;
    516 	    }
    517 	  // In case of exception, we need to deallocate
    518 	  // otherwise dangling result node.  But caller
    519 	  // still owns its children.  Thus unref is
    520 	  // inappropriate.
    521 	  return __balanced;
    522 	}
    523       else
    524 	return __result;
    525     }
    526 
    527   template <class _CharT, class _Alloc>
    528     typename rope<_CharT, _Alloc>::_RopeRep*
    529     rope<_CharT, _Alloc>::
    530     _S_concat_char_iter(_RopeRep* __r, const _CharT*__s, size_t __slen)
    531     {
    532       _RopeRep* __result;
    533       if (0 == __slen)
    534 	{
    535 	  _S_ref(__r);
    536 	  return __r;
    537 	}
    538       if (0 == __r)
    539 	return __STL_ROPE_FROM_UNOWNED_CHAR_PTR(__s, __slen,
    540 						__r->_M_get_allocator());
    541       if (__r->_M_tag == __detail::_S_leaf
    542 	  && __r->_M_size + __slen <= size_t(_S_copy_max))
    543 	{
    544 	  __result = _S_leaf_concat_char_iter((_RopeLeaf*)__r, __s, __slen);
    545 	  return __result;
    546 	}
    547       if (__detail::_S_concat == __r->_M_tag
    548 	  && __detail::_S_leaf == ((_RopeConcatenation*) __r)->_M_right->_M_tag)
    549 	{
    550 	  _RopeLeaf* __right =
    551 	    (_RopeLeaf* )(((_RopeConcatenation* )__r)->_M_right);
    552 	  if (__right->_M_size + __slen <= size_t(_S_copy_max))
    553 	    {
    554 	      _RopeRep* __left = ((_RopeConcatenation*)__r)->_M_left;
    555 	      _RopeRep* __nright =
    556 		_S_leaf_concat_char_iter((_RopeLeaf*)__right, __s, __slen);
    557 	      __left->_M_ref_nonnil();
    558 	      __try
    559 		{ __result = _S_tree_concat(__left, __nright); }
    560 	      __catch(...)
    561 		{
    562 		  _S_unref(__left);
    563 		  _S_unref(__nright);
    564 		  __throw_exception_again;
    565 		}
    566 	      return __result;
    567 	    }
    568 	}
    569       _RopeRep* __nright =
    570 	__STL_ROPE_FROM_UNOWNED_CHAR_PTR(__s, __slen, __r->_M_get_allocator());
    571       __try
    572 	{
    573 	  __r->_M_ref_nonnil();
    574 	  __result = _S_tree_concat(__r, __nright);
    575 	}
    576       __catch(...)
    577 	{
    578 	  _S_unref(__r);
    579 	  _S_unref(__nright);
    580 	  __throw_exception_again;
    581 	}
    582       return __result;
    583     }
    584 
    585 #ifndef __GC
    586   template <class _CharT, class _Alloc>
    587     typename rope<_CharT,_Alloc>::_RopeRep*
    588     rope<_CharT,_Alloc>::
    589     _S_destr_concat_char_iter(_RopeRep* __r, const _CharT* __s, size_t __slen)
    590     {
    591       _RopeRep* __result;
    592       if (0 == __r)
    593 	return __STL_ROPE_FROM_UNOWNED_CHAR_PTR(__s, __slen,
    594 						__r->_M_get_allocator());
    595       size_t __count = __r->_M_ref_count;
    596       size_t __orig_size = __r->_M_size;
    597       if (__count > 1)
    598 	return _S_concat_char_iter(__r, __s, __slen);
    599       if (0 == __slen)
    600 	{
    601 	  __r->_M_ref_count = 2;      // One more than before
    602 	  return __r;
    603 	}
    604       if (__orig_size + __slen <= size_t(_S_copy_max)
    605 	  && __detail::_S_leaf == __r->_M_tag)
    606 	{
    607 	  __result = _S_destr_leaf_concat_char_iter((_RopeLeaf*)__r, __s,
    608 						    __slen);
    609 	  return __result;
    610 	}
    611       if (__detail::_S_concat == __r->_M_tag)
    612 	{
    613 	  _RopeLeaf* __right = (_RopeLeaf*)(((_RopeConcatenation*)
    614 					     __r)->_M_right);
    615 	  if (__detail::_S_leaf == __right->_M_tag
    616 	      && __right->_M_size + __slen <= size_t(_S_copy_max))
    617 	    {
    618 	      _RopeRep* __new_right =
    619 		_S_destr_leaf_concat_char_iter(__right, __s, __slen);
    620 	      if (__right == __new_right)
    621 		__new_right->_M_ref_count = 1;
    622 	      else
    623 		__right->_M_unref_nonnil();
    624 	      __r->_M_ref_count = 2;    // One more than before.
    625 	      ((_RopeConcatenation*)__r)->_M_right = __new_right;
    626 	      __r->_M_size = __orig_size + __slen;
    627 	      if (0 != __r->_M_c_string)
    628 		{
    629 		  __r->_M_free_c_string();
    630 		  __r->_M_c_string = 0;
    631 		}
    632 	      return __r;
    633 	    }
    634 	}
    635       _RopeRep* __right =
    636 	__STL_ROPE_FROM_UNOWNED_CHAR_PTR(__s, __slen, __r->_M_get_allocator());
    637       __r->_M_ref_nonnil();
    638       __try
    639 	{ __result = _S_tree_concat(__r, __right); }
    640       __catch(...)
    641 	{
    642 	  _S_unref(__r);
    643 	  _S_unref(__right);
    644 	  __throw_exception_again;
    645 	}
    646       return __result;
    647     }
    648 #endif /* !__GC */
    649 
    650   template <class _CharT, class _Alloc>
    651     typename rope<_CharT, _Alloc>::_RopeRep*
    652     rope<_CharT, _Alloc>::
    653     _S_concat(_RopeRep* __left, _RopeRep* __right)
    654     {
    655       if (0 == __left)
    656 	{
    657 	  _S_ref(__right);
    658 	  return __right;
    659 	}
    660       if (0 == __right)
    661 	{
    662 	  __left->_M_ref_nonnil();
    663 	  return __left;
    664 	}
    665       if (__detail::_S_leaf == __right->_M_tag)
    666 	{
    667 	  if (__detail::_S_leaf == __left->_M_tag)
    668 	    {
    669 	      if (__right->_M_size + __left->_M_size <= size_t(_S_copy_max))
    670 		return _S_leaf_concat_char_iter((_RopeLeaf*)__left,
    671 						((_RopeLeaf*)__right)->_M_data,
    672 						__right->_M_size);
    673 	    }
    674 	  else if (__detail::_S_concat == __left->_M_tag
    675 		   && __detail::_S_leaf == ((_RopeConcatenation*)
    676 						   __left)->_M_right->_M_tag)
    677 	    {
    678 	      _RopeLeaf* __leftright =
    679 		(_RopeLeaf*)(((_RopeConcatenation*)__left)->_M_right);
    680 	      if (__leftright->_M_size
    681 		  + __right->_M_size <= size_t(_S_copy_max))
    682 		{
    683 		  _RopeRep* __leftleft = ((_RopeConcatenation*)__left)->_M_left;
    684 		  _RopeRep* __rest = _S_leaf_concat_char_iter(__leftright,
    685 							      ((_RopeLeaf*)
    686 							       __right)->
    687 							      _M_data,
    688 							      __right->_M_size);
    689 		  __leftleft->_M_ref_nonnil();
    690 		  __try
    691 		    { return(_S_tree_concat(__leftleft, __rest)); }
    692 		  __catch(...)
    693 		    {
    694 		      _S_unref(__leftleft);
    695 		      _S_unref(__rest);
    696 		      __throw_exception_again;
    697 		    }
    698 		}
    699 	    }
    700 	}
    701       __left->_M_ref_nonnil();
    702       __right->_M_ref_nonnil();
    703       __try
    704 	{ return(_S_tree_concat(__left, __right)); }
    705       __catch(...)
    706 	{
    707 	  _S_unref(__left);
    708 	  _S_unref(__right);
    709 	  __throw_exception_again;
    710 	}
    711     }
    712 
    713   template <class _CharT, class _Alloc>
    714     typename rope<_CharT, _Alloc>::_RopeRep*
    715     rope<_CharT, _Alloc>::
    716     _S_substring(_RopeRep* __base, size_t __start, size_t __endp1)
    717     {
    718       if (0 == __base)
    719 	return 0;
    720       size_t __len = __base->_M_size;
    721       size_t __adj_endp1;
    722       const size_t __lazy_threshold = 128;
    723 
    724       if (__endp1 >= __len)
    725 	{
    726 	  if (0 == __start)
    727 	    {
    728 	      __base->_M_ref_nonnil();
    729 	      return __base;
    730 	    }
    731 	  else
    732 	    __adj_endp1 = __len;
    733 
    734 	}
    735       else
    736 	__adj_endp1 = __endp1;
    737 
    738       switch(__base->_M_tag)
    739 	{
    740 	case __detail::_S_concat:
    741 	    {
    742 	      _RopeConcatenation* __c = (_RopeConcatenation*)__base;
    743 	      _RopeRep* __left = __c->_M_left;
    744 	      _RopeRep* __right = __c->_M_right;
    745 	      size_t __left_len = __left->_M_size;
    746 	      _RopeRep* __result;
    747 
    748 	      if (__adj_endp1 <= __left_len)
    749 		return _S_substring(__left, __start, __endp1);
    750 	      else if (__start >= __left_len)
    751 		return _S_substring(__right, __start - __left_len,
    752 				    __adj_endp1 - __left_len);
    753 	      _Self_destruct_ptr __left_result(_S_substring(__left,
    754 							    __start,
    755 							    __left_len));
    756 	      _Self_destruct_ptr __right_result(_S_substring(__right, 0,
    757 							     __endp1
    758 							     - __left_len));
    759 	      __result = _S_concat(__left_result, __right_result);
    760 	      return __result;
    761 	    }
    762 	case __detail::_S_leaf:
    763 	  {
    764 	    _RopeLeaf* __l = (_RopeLeaf*)__base;
    765 	    _RopeLeaf* __result;
    766 	    size_t __result_len;
    767 	    if (__start >= __adj_endp1)
    768 	      return 0;
    769 	    __result_len = __adj_endp1 - __start;
    770 	    if (__result_len > __lazy_threshold)
    771 	      goto lazy;
    772 #ifdef __GC
    773 	    const _CharT* __section = __l->_M_data + __start;
    774 	    __result = _S_new_RopeLeaf(__section, __result_len,
    775 				       __base->_M_get_allocator());
    776 	    __result->_M_c_string = 0;  // Not eos terminated.
    777 #else
    778 	    // We should sometimes create substring node instead.
    779 	    __result = __STL_ROPE_FROM_UNOWNED_CHAR_PTR(__l->_M_data + __start,
    780 							__result_len,
    781 							__base->
    782 							_M_get_allocator());
    783 #endif
    784 	    return __result;
    785 	  }
    786 	case __detail::_S_substringfn:
    787 	  // Avoid introducing multiple layers of substring nodes.
    788 	  {
    789 	    _RopeSubstring* __old = (_RopeSubstring*)__base;
    790 	    size_t __result_len;
    791 	    if (__start >= __adj_endp1)
    792 	      return 0;
    793 	    __result_len = __adj_endp1 - __start;
    794 	    if (__result_len > __lazy_threshold)
    795 	      {
    796 		_RopeSubstring* __result =
    797 		  _S_new_RopeSubstring(__old->_M_base,
    798 				       __start + __old->_M_start,
    799 				       __adj_endp1 - __start,
    800 				       __base->_M_get_allocator());
    801 		return __result;
    802 
    803 	      } // *** else fall through: ***
    804 	  }
    805 	case __detail::_S_function:
    806 	  {
    807 	    _RopeFunction* __f = (_RopeFunction*)__base;
    808 	    _CharT* __section;
    809 	    size_t __result_len;
    810 	    if (__start >= __adj_endp1)
    811 	      return 0;
    812 	    __result_len = __adj_endp1 - __start;
    813 
    814 	    if (__result_len > __lazy_threshold)
    815 	      goto lazy;
    816 	    __section = (_CharT*)
    817 	      _Data_allocate(_S_rounded_up_size(__result_len));
    818 	    __try
    819 	      {	(*(__f->_M_fn))(__start, __result_len, __section); }
    820 	    __catch(...)
    821 	      {
    822 		_RopeRep::__STL_FREE_STRING(__section, __result_len,
    823 					    __base->_M_get_allocator());
    824 		__throw_exception_again;
    825 	      }
    826 	    _S_cond_store_eos(__section[__result_len]);
    827 	    return _S_new_RopeLeaf(__section, __result_len,
    828 				   __base->_M_get_allocator());
    829 	  }
    830 	}
    831     lazy:
    832       {
    833 	// Create substring node.
    834 	return _S_new_RopeSubstring(__base, __start, __adj_endp1 - __start,
    835 				    __base->_M_get_allocator());
    836       }
    837     }
    838 
    839   template<class _CharT>
    840     class _Rope_flatten_char_consumer
    841     : public _Rope_char_consumer<_CharT>
    842     {
    843     private:
    844       _CharT* _M_buf_ptr;
    845     public:
    846 
    847       _Rope_flatten_char_consumer(_CharT* __buffer)
    848       { _M_buf_ptr = __buffer; };
    849 
    850       ~_Rope_flatten_char_consumer() {}
    851 
    852       bool
    853       operator()(const _CharT* __leaf, size_t __n)
    854       {
    855 	uninitialized_copy_n(__leaf, __n, _M_buf_ptr);
    856 	_M_buf_ptr += __n;
    857 	return true;
    858       }
    859     };
    860 
    861   template<class _CharT>
    862     class _Rope_find_char_char_consumer
    863     : public _Rope_char_consumer<_CharT>
    864     {
    865     private:
    866       _CharT _M_pattern;
    867     public:
    868       size_t _M_count;  // Number of nonmatching characters
    869 
    870       _Rope_find_char_char_consumer(_CharT __p)
    871       : _M_pattern(__p), _M_count(0) {}
    872 
    873       ~_Rope_find_char_char_consumer() {}
    874 
    875       bool
    876       operator()(const _CharT* __leaf, size_t __n)
    877       {
    878 	size_t __i;
    879 	for (__i = 0; __i < __n; __i++)
    880 	  {
    881 	    if (__leaf[__i] == _M_pattern)
    882 	      {
    883 		_M_count += __i;
    884 		return false;
    885 	      }
    886 	  }
    887 	_M_count += __n; return true;
    888       }
    889     };
    890 
    891   template<class _CharT, class _Traits>
    892   // Here _CharT is both the stream and rope character type.
    893     class _Rope_insert_char_consumer
    894     : public _Rope_char_consumer<_CharT>
    895     {
    896     private:
    897       typedef basic_ostream<_CharT,_Traits> _Insert_ostream;
    898       _Insert_ostream& _M_o;
    899     public:
    900       _Rope_insert_char_consumer(_Insert_ostream& __writer)
    901 	: _M_o(__writer) {};
    902       ~_Rope_insert_char_consumer() { };
    903       // Caller is presumed to own the ostream
    904       bool operator() (const _CharT* __leaf, size_t __n);
    905       // Returns true to continue traversal.
    906     };
    907 
    908   template<class _CharT, class _Traits>
    909     bool
    910     _Rope_insert_char_consumer<_CharT, _Traits>::
    911     operator()(const _CharT* __leaf, size_t __n)
    912     {
    913       size_t __i;
    914       //  We assume that formatting is set up correctly for each element.
    915       for (__i = 0; __i < __n; __i++)
    916 	_M_o.put(__leaf[__i]);
    917       return true;
    918     }
    919 
    920   template <class _CharT, class _Alloc>
    921     bool
    922     rope<_CharT, _Alloc>::
    923     _S_apply_to_pieces(_Rope_char_consumer<_CharT>& __c,
    924 		       const _RopeRep* __r, size_t __begin, size_t __end)
    925     {
    926       if (0 == __r)
    927 	return true;
    928       switch(__r->_M_tag)
    929 	{
    930 	case __detail::_S_concat:
    931 	  {
    932 	    _RopeConcatenation* __conc = (_RopeConcatenation*)__r;
    933 	    _RopeRep* __left =  __conc->_M_left;
    934 	    size_t __left_len = __left->_M_size;
    935 	    if (__begin < __left_len)
    936 	      {
    937 		size_t __left_end = std::min(__left_len, __end);
    938 		if (!_S_apply_to_pieces(__c, __left, __begin, __left_end))
    939 		  return false;
    940 	      }
    941 	    if (__end > __left_len)
    942 	      {
    943 		_RopeRep* __right =  __conc->_M_right;
    944 		size_t __right_start = std::max(__left_len, __begin);
    945 		if (!_S_apply_to_pieces(__c, __right,
    946 					__right_start - __left_len,
    947 					__end - __left_len))
    948 		  return false;
    949 	      }
    950 	  }
    951 	  return true;
    952 	case __detail::_S_leaf:
    953 	  {
    954 	    _RopeLeaf* __l = (_RopeLeaf*)__r;
    955 	    return __c(__l->_M_data + __begin, __end - __begin);
    956 	  }
    957 	case __detail::_S_function:
    958 	case __detail::_S_substringfn:
    959 	    {
    960 	      _RopeFunction* __f = (_RopeFunction*)__r;
    961 	      size_t __len = __end - __begin;
    962 	      bool __result;
    963 	      _CharT* __buffer =
    964 		(_CharT*)_Alloc().allocate(__len * sizeof(_CharT));
    965 	      __try
    966 		{
    967 		  (*(__f->_M_fn))(__begin, __len, __buffer);
    968 		  __result = __c(__buffer, __len);
    969                   _Alloc().deallocate(__buffer, __len * sizeof(_CharT));
    970                 }
    971 	      __catch(...)
    972 		{
    973 		  _Alloc().deallocate(__buffer, __len * sizeof(_CharT));
    974 		  __throw_exception_again;
    975 		}
    976 	      return __result;
    977 	    }
    978 	default:
    979 	  return false;
    980 	}
    981     }
    982 
    983   template<class _CharT, class _Traits>
    984     inline void
    985     _Rope_fill(basic_ostream<_CharT, _Traits>& __o, size_t __n)
    986     {
    987       char __f = __o.fill();
    988       size_t __i;
    989 
    990       for (__i = 0; __i < __n; __i++)
    991 	__o.put(__f);
    992     }
    993 
    994 
    995   template <class _CharT>
    996     inline bool
    997     _Rope_is_simple(_CharT*)
    998     { return false; }
    999 
   1000   inline bool
   1001   _Rope_is_simple(char*)
   1002   { return true; }
   1003 
   1004   inline bool
   1005   _Rope_is_simple(wchar_t*)
   1006   { return true; }
   1007 
   1008   template<class _CharT, class _Traits, class _Alloc>
   1009     basic_ostream<_CharT, _Traits>&
   1010     operator<<(basic_ostream<_CharT, _Traits>& __o,
   1011 	       const rope<_CharT, _Alloc>& __r)
   1012     {
   1013       size_t __w = __o.width();
   1014       bool __left = bool(__o.flags() & std::ios::left);
   1015       size_t __pad_len;
   1016       size_t __rope_len = __r.size();
   1017       _Rope_insert_char_consumer<_CharT, _Traits> __c(__o);
   1018       bool __is_simple = _Rope_is_simple((_CharT*)0);
   1019 
   1020       if (__rope_len < __w)
   1021 	__pad_len = __w - __rope_len;
   1022       else
   1023 	__pad_len = 0;
   1024 
   1025       if (!__is_simple)
   1026 	__o.width(__w / __rope_len);
   1027       __try
   1028 	{
   1029 	  if (__is_simple && !__left && __pad_len > 0)
   1030 	    _Rope_fill(__o, __pad_len);
   1031 	  __r.apply_to_pieces(0, __r.size(), __c);
   1032 	  if (__is_simple && __left && __pad_len > 0)
   1033 	    _Rope_fill(__o, __pad_len);
   1034 	  if (!__is_simple)
   1035 	    __o.width(__w);
   1036 	}
   1037       __catch(...)
   1038 	{
   1039 	  if (!__is_simple)
   1040 	    __o.width(__w);
   1041 	  __throw_exception_again;
   1042 	}
   1043       return __o;
   1044     }
   1045 
   1046   template <class _CharT, class _Alloc>
   1047     _CharT*
   1048     rope<_CharT, _Alloc>::
   1049     _S_flatten(_RopeRep* __r, size_t __start, size_t __len,
   1050 	       _CharT* __buffer)
   1051     {
   1052       _Rope_flatten_char_consumer<_CharT> __c(__buffer);
   1053       _S_apply_to_pieces(__c, __r, __start, __start + __len);
   1054       return(__buffer + __len);
   1055     }
   1056 
   1057   template <class _CharT, class _Alloc>
   1058     size_t
   1059     rope<_CharT, _Alloc>::
   1060     find(_CharT __pattern, size_t __start) const
   1061     {
   1062       _Rope_find_char_char_consumer<_CharT> __c(__pattern);
   1063       _S_apply_to_pieces(__c, this->_M_tree_ptr, __start, size());
   1064       size_type __result_pos = __start + __c._M_count;
   1065 #ifndef __STL_OLD_ROPE_SEMANTICS
   1066       if (__result_pos == size())
   1067 	__result_pos = npos;
   1068 #endif
   1069       return __result_pos;
   1070     }
   1071 
   1072   template <class _CharT, class _Alloc>
   1073     _CharT*
   1074     rope<_CharT, _Alloc>::
   1075     _S_flatten(_RopeRep* __r, _CharT* __buffer)
   1076     {
   1077       if (0 == __r)
   1078 	return __buffer;
   1079       switch(__r->_M_tag)
   1080 	{
   1081 	case __detail::_S_concat:
   1082 	  {
   1083 	    _RopeConcatenation* __c = (_RopeConcatenation*)__r;
   1084 	    _RopeRep* __left = __c->_M_left;
   1085 	    _RopeRep* __right = __c->_M_right;
   1086 	    _CharT* __rest = _S_flatten(__left, __buffer);
   1087 	    return _S_flatten(__right, __rest);
   1088 	  }
   1089 	case __detail::_S_leaf:
   1090 	  {
   1091 	    _RopeLeaf* __l = (_RopeLeaf*)__r;
   1092 	    return copy_n(__l->_M_data, __l->_M_size, __buffer).second;
   1093 	  }
   1094 	case __detail::_S_function:
   1095 	case __detail::_S_substringfn:
   1096 	  // We don't yet do anything with substring nodes.
   1097 	  // This needs to be fixed before ropefiles will work well.
   1098 	  {
   1099 	    _RopeFunction* __f = (_RopeFunction*)__r;
   1100 	    (*(__f->_M_fn))(0, __f->_M_size, __buffer);
   1101 	    return __buffer + __f->_M_size;
   1102 	  }
   1103 	default:
   1104 	  return 0;
   1105 	}
   1106     }
   1107 
   1108   // This needs work for _CharT != char
   1109   template <class _CharT, class _Alloc>
   1110     void
   1111     rope<_CharT, _Alloc>::
   1112     _S_dump(_RopeRep* __r, int __indent)
   1113     {
   1114       for (int __i = 0; __i < __indent; __i++)
   1115 	putchar(' ');
   1116       if (0 == __r)
   1117 	{
   1118 	  printf("NULL\n");
   1119 	  return;
   1120 	}
   1121       if (_S_concat == __r->_M_tag)
   1122 	{
   1123 	  _RopeConcatenation* __c = (_RopeConcatenation*)__r;
   1124 	  _RopeRep* __left = __c->_M_left;
   1125 	  _RopeRep* __right = __c->_M_right;
   1126 
   1127 #ifdef __GC
   1128 	  printf("Concatenation %p (depth = %d, len = %ld, %s balanced)\n",
   1129 		 __r, __r->_M_depth, __r->_M_size,
   1130 		 __r->_M_is_balanced? "" : "not");
   1131 #else
   1132 	  printf("Concatenation %p (rc = %ld, depth = %d, "
   1133 		 "len = %ld, %s balanced)\n",
   1134 		 __r, __r->_M_ref_count, __r->_M_depth, __r->_M_size,
   1135 		 __r->_M_is_balanced? "" : "not");
   1136 #endif
   1137 	  _S_dump(__left, __indent + 2);
   1138 	  _S_dump(__right, __indent + 2);
   1139 	  return;
   1140 	}
   1141       else
   1142 	{
   1143 	  char* __kind;
   1144 
   1145 	  switch (__r->_M_tag)
   1146 	    {
   1147 	    case __detail::_S_leaf:
   1148 	      __kind = "Leaf";
   1149 	      break;
   1150 	    case __detail::_S_function:
   1151 	      __kind = "Function";
   1152 	      break;
   1153 	    case __detail::_S_substringfn:
   1154 	      __kind = "Function representing substring";
   1155 	      break;
   1156 	    default:
   1157 	      __kind = "(corrupted kind field!)";
   1158 	    }
   1159 #ifdef __GC
   1160 	  printf("%s %p (depth = %d, len = %ld) ",
   1161 		 __kind, __r, __r->_M_depth, __r->_M_size);
   1162 #else
   1163 	  printf("%s %p (rc = %ld, depth = %d, len = %ld) ",
   1164 		 __kind, __r, __r->_M_ref_count, __r->_M_depth, __r->_M_size);
   1165 #endif
   1166 	  if (_S_is_one_byte_char_type((_CharT*)0))
   1167 	    {
   1168 	      const int __max_len = 40;
   1169 	      _Self_destruct_ptr __prefix(_S_substring(__r, 0, __max_len));
   1170 	      _CharT __buffer[__max_len + 1];
   1171 	      bool __too_big = __r->_M_size > __prefix->_M_size;
   1172 
   1173 	      _S_flatten(__prefix, __buffer);
   1174 	      __buffer[__prefix->_M_size] = _S_eos((_CharT*)0);
   1175 	      printf("%s%s\n", (char*)__buffer,
   1176 		     __too_big? "...\n" : "\n");
   1177 	    }
   1178 	  else
   1179 	    printf("\n");
   1180 	}
   1181     }
   1182 
   1183   template <class _CharT, class _Alloc>
   1184     const unsigned long
   1185     rope<_CharT, _Alloc>::
   1186     _S_min_len[int(__detail::_S_max_rope_depth) + 1] = {
   1187       /* 0 */1, /* 1 */2, /* 2 */3, /* 3 */5, /* 4 */8, /* 5 */13, /* 6 */21,
   1188       /* 7 */34, /* 8 */55, /* 9 */89, /* 10 */144, /* 11 */233, /* 12 */377,
   1189       /* 13 */610, /* 14 */987, /* 15 */1597, /* 16 */2584, /* 17 */4181,
   1190       /* 18 */6765, /* 19 */10946, /* 20 */17711, /* 21 */28657, /* 22 */46368,
   1191       /* 23 */75025, /* 24 */121393, /* 25 */196418, /* 26 */317811,
   1192       /* 27 */514229, /* 28 */832040, /* 29 */1346269, /* 30 */2178309,
   1193       /* 31 */3524578, /* 32 */5702887, /* 33 */9227465, /* 34 */14930352,
   1194       /* 35 */24157817, /* 36 */39088169, /* 37 */63245986, /* 38 */102334155,
   1195       /* 39 */165580141, /* 40 */267914296, /* 41 */433494437,
   1196       /* 42 */701408733, /* 43 */1134903170, /* 44 */1836311903,
   1197       /* 45 */2971215073u };
   1198   // These are Fibonacci numbers < 2**32.
   1199 
   1200   template <class _CharT, class _Alloc>
   1201     typename rope<_CharT, _Alloc>::_RopeRep*
   1202     rope<_CharT, _Alloc>::
   1203     _S_balance(_RopeRep* __r)
   1204     {
   1205       _RopeRep* __forest[int(__detail::_S_max_rope_depth) + 1];
   1206       _RopeRep* __result = 0;
   1207       int __i;
   1208       // Invariant:
   1209       // The concatenation of forest in descending order is equal to __r.
   1210       // __forest[__i]._M_size >= _S_min_len[__i]
   1211       // __forest[__i]._M_depth = __i
   1212       // References from forest are included in refcount.
   1213 
   1214       for (__i = 0; __i <= int(__detail::_S_max_rope_depth); ++__i)
   1215 	__forest[__i] = 0;
   1216       __try
   1217 	{
   1218 	  _S_add_to_forest(__r, __forest);
   1219 	  for (__i = 0; __i <= int(__detail::_S_max_rope_depth); ++__i)
   1220 	    if (0 != __forest[__i])
   1221 	      {
   1222 #ifndef __GC
   1223 		_Self_destruct_ptr __old(__result);
   1224 #endif
   1225 		__result = _S_concat(__forest[__i], __result);
   1226 		__forest[__i]->_M_unref_nonnil();
   1227 #if !defined(__GC) && defined(__EXCEPTIONS)
   1228 		__forest[__i] = 0;
   1229 #endif
   1230 	      }
   1231 	}
   1232       __catch(...)
   1233 	{
   1234 	  for(__i = 0; __i <= int(__detail::_S_max_rope_depth); __i++)
   1235 	    _S_unref(__forest[__i]);
   1236 	  __throw_exception_again;
   1237 	}
   1238 
   1239       if (__result->_M_depth > int(__detail::_S_max_rope_depth))
   1240 	__throw_length_error(__N("rope::_S_balance"));
   1241       return(__result);
   1242     }
   1243 
   1244   template <class _CharT, class _Alloc>
   1245     void
   1246     rope<_CharT, _Alloc>::
   1247     _S_add_to_forest(_RopeRep* __r, _RopeRep** __forest)
   1248     {
   1249       if (__r->_M_is_balanced)
   1250 	{
   1251 	  _S_add_leaf_to_forest(__r, __forest);
   1252 	  return;
   1253 	}
   1254 
   1255       {
   1256 	_RopeConcatenation* __c = (_RopeConcatenation*)__r;
   1257 
   1258 	_S_add_to_forest(__c->_M_left, __forest);
   1259 	_S_add_to_forest(__c->_M_right, __forest);
   1260       }
   1261     }
   1262 
   1263 
   1264   template <class _CharT, class _Alloc>
   1265     void
   1266     rope<_CharT, _Alloc>::
   1267     _S_add_leaf_to_forest(_RopeRep* __r, _RopeRep** __forest)
   1268     {
   1269       _RopeRep* __insertee;		// included in refcount
   1270       _RopeRep* __too_tiny = 0;		// included in refcount
   1271       int __i;				// forest[0..__i-1] is empty
   1272       size_t __s = __r->_M_size;
   1273 
   1274       for (__i = 0; __s >= _S_min_len[__i+1]/* not this bucket */; ++__i)
   1275 	{
   1276 	  if (0 != __forest[__i])
   1277 	    {
   1278 #ifndef __GC
   1279 	      _Self_destruct_ptr __old(__too_tiny);
   1280 #endif
   1281 	      __too_tiny = _S_concat_and_set_balanced(__forest[__i],
   1282 						      __too_tiny);
   1283 	      __forest[__i]->_M_unref_nonnil();
   1284 	      __forest[__i] = 0;
   1285 	    }
   1286 	}
   1287       {
   1288 #ifndef __GC
   1289 	_Self_destruct_ptr __old(__too_tiny);
   1290 #endif
   1291 	__insertee = _S_concat_and_set_balanced(__too_tiny, __r);
   1292       }
   1293       // Too_tiny dead, and no longer included in refcount.
   1294       // Insertee is live and included.
   1295       for (;; ++__i)
   1296 	{
   1297 	  if (0 != __forest[__i])
   1298 	    {
   1299 #ifndef __GC
   1300 	      _Self_destruct_ptr __old(__insertee);
   1301 #endif
   1302 	      __insertee = _S_concat_and_set_balanced(__forest[__i],
   1303 						      __insertee);
   1304 	      __forest[__i]->_M_unref_nonnil();
   1305 	      __forest[__i] = 0;
   1306 	    }
   1307 	  if (__i == int(__detail::_S_max_rope_depth)
   1308 	      || __insertee->_M_size < _S_min_len[__i+1])
   1309 	    {
   1310 	      __forest[__i] = __insertee;
   1311 	      // refcount is OK since __insertee is now dead.
   1312 	      return;
   1313 	    }
   1314 	}
   1315     }
   1316 
   1317   template <class _CharT, class _Alloc>
   1318     _CharT
   1319     rope<_CharT, _Alloc>::
   1320     _S_fetch(_RopeRep* __r, size_type __i)
   1321     {
   1322       __GC_CONST _CharT* __cstr = __r->_M_c_string;
   1323 
   1324       if (0 != __cstr)
   1325 	return __cstr[__i];
   1326       for(;;)
   1327 	{
   1328 	  switch(__r->_M_tag)
   1329 	    {
   1330 	    case __detail::_S_concat:
   1331 	      {
   1332 		_RopeConcatenation* __c = (_RopeConcatenation*)__r;
   1333 		_RopeRep* __left = __c->_M_left;
   1334 		size_t __left_len = __left->_M_size;
   1335 
   1336 		if (__i >= __left_len)
   1337 		  {
   1338 		    __i -= __left_len;
   1339 		    __r = __c->_M_right;
   1340 		  }
   1341 		else
   1342 		  __r = __left;
   1343 	      }
   1344 	      break;
   1345 	    case __detail::_S_leaf:
   1346 	      {
   1347 		_RopeLeaf* __l = (_RopeLeaf*)__r;
   1348 		return __l->_M_data[__i];
   1349 	      }
   1350 	    case __detail::_S_function:
   1351 	    case __detail::_S_substringfn:
   1352 	      {
   1353 		_RopeFunction* __f = (_RopeFunction*)__r;
   1354 		_CharT __result;
   1355 
   1356 		(*(__f->_M_fn))(__i, 1, &__result);
   1357 		return __result;
   1358 	      }
   1359 	    }
   1360 	}
   1361     }
   1362 
   1363 #ifndef __GC
   1364   // Return a uniquely referenced character slot for the given
   1365   // position, or 0 if that's not possible.
   1366   template <class _CharT, class _Alloc>
   1367     _CharT*
   1368     rope<_CharT, _Alloc>::
   1369     _S_fetch_ptr(_RopeRep* __r, size_type __i)
   1370     {
   1371       _RopeRep* __clrstack[__detail::_S_max_rope_depth];
   1372       size_t __csptr = 0;
   1373 
   1374       for(;;)
   1375 	{
   1376 	  if (__r->_M_ref_count > 1)
   1377 	    return 0;
   1378 	  switch(__r->_M_tag)
   1379 	    {
   1380 	    case __detail::_S_concat:
   1381 	      {
   1382 		_RopeConcatenation* __c = (_RopeConcatenation*)__r;
   1383 		_RopeRep* __left = __c->_M_left;
   1384 		size_t __left_len = __left->_M_size;
   1385 
   1386 		if (__c->_M_c_string != 0)
   1387 		  __clrstack[__csptr++] = __c;
   1388 		if (__i >= __left_len)
   1389 		  {
   1390 		    __i -= __left_len;
   1391 		    __r = __c->_M_right;
   1392 		  }
   1393 		else
   1394 		  __r = __left;
   1395 	      }
   1396 	      break;
   1397 	    case __detail::_S_leaf:
   1398 	      {
   1399 		_RopeLeaf* __l = (_RopeLeaf*)__r;
   1400 		if (__l->_M_c_string != __l->_M_data && __l->_M_c_string != 0)
   1401 		  __clrstack[__csptr++] = __l;
   1402 		while (__csptr > 0)
   1403 		  {
   1404 		    -- __csptr;
   1405 		    _RopeRep* __d = __clrstack[__csptr];
   1406 		    __d->_M_free_c_string();
   1407 		    __d->_M_c_string = 0;
   1408 		  }
   1409 		return __l->_M_data + __i;
   1410 	      }
   1411 	    case __detail::_S_function:
   1412 	    case __detail::_S_substringfn:
   1413 	      return 0;
   1414 	    }
   1415 	}
   1416     }
   1417 #endif /* __GC */
   1418 
   1419   // The following could be implemented trivially using
   1420   // lexicographical_compare_3way.
   1421   // We do a little more work to avoid dealing with rope iterators for
   1422   // flat strings.
   1423   template <class _CharT, class _Alloc>
   1424     int
   1425     rope<_CharT, _Alloc>::
   1426     _S_compare (const _RopeRep* __left, const _RopeRep* __right)
   1427     {
   1428       size_t __left_len;
   1429       size_t __right_len;
   1430 
   1431       if (0 == __right)
   1432 	return 0 != __left;
   1433       if (0 == __left)
   1434 	return -1;
   1435       __left_len = __left->_M_size;
   1436       __right_len = __right->_M_size;
   1437       if (__detail::_S_leaf == __left->_M_tag)
   1438 	{
   1439 	  _RopeLeaf* __l = (_RopeLeaf*) __left;
   1440 	  if (__detail::_S_leaf == __right->_M_tag)
   1441 	    {
   1442 	      _RopeLeaf* __r = (_RopeLeaf*) __right;
   1443 	      return lexicographical_compare_3way(__l->_M_data,
   1444 						  __l->_M_data + __left_len,
   1445 						  __r->_M_data, __r->_M_data
   1446 						  + __right_len);
   1447 	    }
   1448 	  else
   1449 	    {
   1450 	      const_iterator __rstart(__right, 0);
   1451 	      const_iterator __rend(__right, __right_len);
   1452 	      return lexicographical_compare_3way(__l->_M_data, __l->_M_data
   1453 						  + __left_len,
   1454 						  __rstart, __rend);
   1455 	    }
   1456 	}
   1457       else
   1458 	{
   1459 	  const_iterator __lstart(__left, 0);
   1460 	  const_iterator __lend(__left, __left_len);
   1461 	  if (__detail::_S_leaf == __right->_M_tag)
   1462 	    {
   1463 	      _RopeLeaf* __r = (_RopeLeaf*) __right;
   1464 	      return lexicographical_compare_3way(__lstart, __lend,
   1465 						  __r->_M_data, __r->_M_data
   1466 						  + __right_len);
   1467 	    }
   1468 	  else
   1469 	    {
   1470 	      const_iterator __rstart(__right, 0);
   1471 	      const_iterator __rend(__right, __right_len);
   1472 	      return lexicographical_compare_3way(__lstart, __lend,
   1473 						  __rstart, __rend);
   1474 	    }
   1475 	}
   1476     }
   1477 
   1478   // Assignment to reference proxies.
   1479   template <class _CharT, class _Alloc>
   1480     _Rope_char_ref_proxy<_CharT, _Alloc>&
   1481     _Rope_char_ref_proxy<_CharT, _Alloc>::
   1482     operator=(_CharT __c)
   1483     {
   1484       _RopeRep* __old = _M_root->_M_tree_ptr;
   1485 #ifndef __GC
   1486       // First check for the case in which everything is uniquely
   1487       // referenced.  In that case we can do this destructively.
   1488       _CharT* __ptr = _My_rope::_S_fetch_ptr(__old, _M_pos);
   1489       if (0 != __ptr)
   1490 	{
   1491 	  *__ptr = __c;
   1492 	  return *this;
   1493 	}
   1494 #endif
   1495       _Self_destruct_ptr __left(_My_rope::_S_substring(__old, 0, _M_pos));
   1496       _Self_destruct_ptr __right(_My_rope::_S_substring(__old, _M_pos + 1,
   1497 							__old->_M_size));
   1498       _Self_destruct_ptr __result_left(_My_rope::
   1499 				       _S_destr_concat_char_iter(__left,
   1500 								 &__c, 1));
   1501 
   1502       _RopeRep* __result = _My_rope::_S_concat(__result_left, __right);
   1503 #ifndef __GC
   1504       _RopeRep::_S_unref(__old);
   1505 #endif
   1506       _M_root->_M_tree_ptr = __result;
   1507       return *this;
   1508     }
   1509 
   1510   template <class _CharT, class _Alloc>
   1511     inline _Rope_char_ref_proxy<_CharT, _Alloc>::
   1512     operator _CharT() const
   1513     {
   1514       if (_M_current_valid)
   1515 	return _M_current;
   1516       else
   1517 	return _My_rope::_S_fetch(_M_root->_M_tree_ptr, _M_pos);
   1518     }
   1519 
   1520   template <class _CharT, class _Alloc>
   1521     _Rope_char_ptr_proxy<_CharT, _Alloc>
   1522     _Rope_char_ref_proxy<_CharT, _Alloc>::
   1523     operator&() const
   1524     { return _Rope_char_ptr_proxy<_CharT, _Alloc>(*this); }
   1525 
   1526   template <class _CharT, class _Alloc>
   1527     rope<_CharT, _Alloc>::
   1528     rope(size_t __n, _CharT __c, const allocator_type& __a)
   1529     : _Base(__a)
   1530     {
   1531       rope<_CharT,_Alloc> __result;
   1532       const size_t __exponentiate_threshold = 32;
   1533       size_t __exponent;
   1534       size_t __rest;
   1535       _CharT* __rest_buffer;
   1536       _RopeRep* __remainder;
   1537       rope<_CharT, _Alloc> __remainder_rope;
   1538 
   1539       if (0 == __n)
   1540 	return;
   1541 
   1542       __exponent = __n / __exponentiate_threshold;
   1543       __rest = __n % __exponentiate_threshold;
   1544       if (0 == __rest)
   1545 	__remainder = 0;
   1546       else
   1547 	{
   1548 	  __rest_buffer = this->_Data_allocate(_S_rounded_up_size(__rest));
   1549 	  __uninitialized_fill_n_a(__rest_buffer, __rest, __c,
   1550 				   _M_get_allocator());
   1551 	  _S_cond_store_eos(__rest_buffer[__rest]);
   1552 	  __try
   1553 	    { __remainder = _S_new_RopeLeaf(__rest_buffer, __rest,
   1554 					    _M_get_allocator()); }
   1555 	  __catch(...)
   1556 	    {
   1557 	      _RopeRep::__STL_FREE_STRING(__rest_buffer, __rest,
   1558 					  _M_get_allocator());
   1559 	      __throw_exception_again;
   1560 	    }
   1561 	}
   1562       __remainder_rope._M_tree_ptr = __remainder;
   1563       if (__exponent != 0)
   1564 	{
   1565 	  _CharT* __base_buffer =
   1566 	    this->_Data_allocate(_S_rounded_up_size(__exponentiate_threshold));
   1567 	  _RopeLeaf* __base_leaf;
   1568 	  rope __base_rope;
   1569 	  __uninitialized_fill_n_a(__base_buffer, __exponentiate_threshold, __c,
   1570 				   _M_get_allocator());
   1571 	  _S_cond_store_eos(__base_buffer[__exponentiate_threshold]);
   1572 	  __try
   1573 	    {
   1574 	      __base_leaf = _S_new_RopeLeaf(__base_buffer,
   1575 					    __exponentiate_threshold,
   1576 					    _M_get_allocator());
   1577 	    }
   1578 	  __catch(...)
   1579 	    {
   1580 	      _RopeRep::__STL_FREE_STRING(__base_buffer,
   1581 					  __exponentiate_threshold,
   1582 					  _M_get_allocator());
   1583 	      __throw_exception_again;
   1584 	    }
   1585 	  __base_rope._M_tree_ptr = __base_leaf;
   1586 	  if (1 == __exponent)
   1587 	    __result = __base_rope;
   1588 	  else
   1589 	    __result = power(__base_rope, __exponent,
   1590 			     _Rope_Concat_fn<_CharT, _Alloc>());
   1591 
   1592 	  if (0 != __remainder)
   1593 	    __result += __remainder_rope;
   1594 	}
   1595       else
   1596 	__result = __remainder_rope;
   1597 
   1598       this->_M_tree_ptr = __result._M_tree_ptr;
   1599       this->_M_tree_ptr->_M_ref_nonnil();
   1600     }
   1601 
   1602   template<class _CharT, class _Alloc>
   1603     _CharT
   1604     rope<_CharT, _Alloc>::_S_empty_c_str[1];
   1605 
   1606   template<class _CharT, class _Alloc>
   1607     const _CharT*
   1608     rope<_CharT, _Alloc>::
   1609     c_str() const
   1610     {
   1611       if (0 == this->_M_tree_ptr)
   1612 	{
   1613 	  _S_empty_c_str[0] = _S_eos((_CharT*)0);  // Possibly redundant,
   1614 	                                           // but probably fast.
   1615 	  return _S_empty_c_str;
   1616 	}
   1617       __gthread_mutex_lock (&this->_M_tree_ptr->_M_c_string_lock);
   1618       __GC_CONST _CharT* __result = this->_M_tree_ptr->_M_c_string;
   1619       if (0 == __result)
   1620 	{
   1621 	  size_t __s = size();
   1622 	  __result = this->_Data_allocate(__s + 1);
   1623 	  _S_flatten(this->_M_tree_ptr, __result);
   1624 	  __result[__s] = _S_eos((_CharT*)0);
   1625 	  this->_M_tree_ptr->_M_c_string = __result;
   1626 	}
   1627       __gthread_mutex_unlock (&this->_M_tree_ptr->_M_c_string_lock);
   1628       return(__result);
   1629     }
   1630 
   1631   template<class _CharT, class _Alloc>
   1632     const _CharT* rope<_CharT, _Alloc>::
   1633     replace_with_c_str()
   1634     {
   1635       if (0 == this->_M_tree_ptr)
   1636 	{
   1637 	  _S_empty_c_str[0] = _S_eos((_CharT*)0);
   1638 	  return _S_empty_c_str;
   1639 	}
   1640       __GC_CONST _CharT* __old_c_string = this->_M_tree_ptr->_M_c_string;
   1641       if (__detail::_S_leaf == this->_M_tree_ptr->_M_tag
   1642 	  && 0 != __old_c_string)
   1643 	return(__old_c_string);
   1644       size_t __s = size();
   1645       _CharT* __result = this->_Data_allocate(_S_rounded_up_size(__s));
   1646       _S_flatten(this->_M_tree_ptr, __result);
   1647       __result[__s] = _S_eos((_CharT*)0);
   1648       this->_M_tree_ptr->_M_unref_nonnil();
   1649       this->_M_tree_ptr = _S_new_RopeLeaf(__result, __s,
   1650 					  this->_M_get_allocator());
   1651       return(__result);
   1652     }
   1653 
   1654   // Algorithm specializations.  More should be added.
   1655 
   1656   template<class _Rope_iterator>  // was templated on CharT and Alloc
   1657     void		          // VC++ workaround
   1658     _Rope_rotate(_Rope_iterator __first,
   1659 		 _Rope_iterator __middle,
   1660 		 _Rope_iterator __last)
   1661     {
   1662       typedef typename _Rope_iterator::value_type _CharT;
   1663       typedef typename _Rope_iterator::_allocator_type _Alloc;
   1664 
   1665       rope<_CharT, _Alloc>& __r(__first.container());
   1666       rope<_CharT, _Alloc> __prefix = __r.substr(0, __first.index());
   1667       rope<_CharT, _Alloc> __suffix =
   1668 	__r.substr(__last.index(), __r.size() - __last.index());
   1669       rope<_CharT, _Alloc> __part1 =
   1670 	__r.substr(__middle.index(), __last.index() - __middle.index());
   1671       rope<_CharT, _Alloc> __part2 =
   1672 	__r.substr(__first.index(), __middle.index() - __first.index());
   1673       __r = __prefix;
   1674       __r += __part1;
   1675       __r += __part2;
   1676       __r += __suffix;
   1677     }
   1678 
   1679 #if !defined(__GNUC__)
   1680   // Appears to confuse g++
   1681   inline void
   1682   rotate(_Rope_iterator<char, __STL_DEFAULT_ALLOCATOR(char)> __first,
   1683 	 _Rope_iterator<char, __STL_DEFAULT_ALLOCATOR(char)> __middle,
   1684 	 _Rope_iterator<char, __STL_DEFAULT_ALLOCATOR(char)> __last)
   1685   { _Rope_rotate(__first, __middle, __last); }
   1686 #endif
   1687 
   1688 # if 0
   1689   // Probably not useful for several reasons:
   1690   // - for SGIs 7.1 compiler and probably some others,
   1691   //   this forces lots of rope<wchar_t, ...> instantiations, creating a
   1692   //   code bloat and compile time problem.  (Fixed in 7.2.)
   1693   // - wchar_t is 4 bytes wide on most UNIX platforms, making it
   1694   //   unattractive for unicode strings.  Unsigned short may be a better
   1695   //   character type.
   1696   inline void
   1697   rotate(_Rope_iterator<wchar_t, __STL_DEFAULT_ALLOCATOR(char)> __first,
   1698 	 _Rope_iterator<wchar_t, __STL_DEFAULT_ALLOCATOR(char)> __middle,
   1699 	 _Rope_iterator<wchar_t, __STL_DEFAULT_ALLOCATOR(char)> __last)
   1700   { _Rope_rotate(__first, __middle, __last); }
   1701 # endif
   1702 
   1703 _GLIBCXX_END_NAMESPACE_VERSION
   1704 } // namespace
   1705