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README.BOOTCHART

      1 This version of init contains code to perform "bootcharting", i.e. generating log
      2 files that can be later processed by the tools provided by www.bootchart.org.
      3 
      4 To activate it, you need to define build 'init' with the INIT_BOOTCHART environment
      5 variable defined to 'true', for example:
      6 
      7     touch system/init/init.c
      8     m INIT_BOOTCHART=true
      9 
     10 On the emulator, use the new -bootchart <timeout> option to boot with bootcharting
     11 activated for <timeout> seconds.
     12 
     13 Otherwise, flash your device, and start it. Then create a file on the /data partition
     14 with a command like the following:
     15 
     16   adb shell 'echo $TIMEOUT > /data/bootchart-start'
     17 
     18 Where the value of $TIMEOUT corresponds to the wanted bootcharted period in seconds;
     19 for example, to bootchart for 2 minutes, do:
     20 
     21   adb shell 'echo 120 > /data/bootchart-start'
     22 
     23 Reboot your device, bootcharting will begin and stop after the period you gave.
     24 You can also stop the bootcharting at any moment by doing the following:
     25 
     26   adb shell 'echo 1 > /data/bootchart-stop'
     27 
     28 Note that /data/bootchart-stop is deleted automatically by init at the end of the
     29 bootcharting. This is not the case of /data/bootchart-start, so don't forget to delete it
     30 when you're done collecting data:
     31 
     32   adb shell rm /data/bootchart-start
     33 
     34 The log files are placed in /data/bootchart/. you must run the script tools/grab-bootchart.sh
     35 which will use ADB to retrieve them and create a bootchart.tgz file that can be used with
     36 the bootchart parser/renderer, or even uploaded directly to the form located at:
     37 
     38   http://www.bootchart.org/download.html
     39 
     40 NOTE: the bootchart.org webform doesn't seem to work at the moment, you can generate an
     41       image on your machine by doing the following:
     42 
     43          1/ download the sources from www.bootchart.org
     44          2/ unpack them
     45          3/ in the source directory, type 'ant' to build the bootchart program
     46          4/ type 'java -jar bootchart.jar /path/to/bootchart.tgz
     47 
     48 technical note:
     49 
     50 this implementation of bootcharting does use the 'bootchartd' script provided by
     51 www.bootchart.org, but a C re-implementation that is directly compiled into our init
     52 program.
     53 

readme.txt

      1 
      2 Android Init Language
      3 ---------------------
      4 
      5 The Android Init Language consists of four broad classes of statements,
      6 which are Actions, Commands, Services, and Options.
      7 
      8 All of these are line-oriented, consisting of tokens separated by
      9 whitespace.  The c-style backslash escapes may be used to insert
     10 whitespace into a token.  Double quotes may also be used to prevent
     11 whitespace from breaking text into multiple tokens.  The backslash,
     12 when it is the last character on a line, may be used for line-folding.
     13 
     14 Lines which start with a # (leading whitespace allowed) are comments.
     15 
     16 Actions and Services implicitly declare a new section.  All commands
     17 or options belong to the section most recently declared.  Commands
     18 or options before the first section are ignored.
     19 
     20 Actions and Services have unique names.  If a second Action or Service
     21 is declared with the same name as an existing one, it is ignored as
     22 an error.  (??? should we override instead)
     23 
     24 
     25 Actions
     26 -------
     27 Actions are named sequences of commands.  Actions have a trigger which
     28 is used to determine when the action should occur.  When an event
     29 occurs which matches an action's trigger, that action is added to
     30 the tail of a to-be-executed queue (unless it is already on the
     31 queue).
     32 
     33 Each action in the queue is dequeued in sequence and each command in
     34 that action is executed in sequence.  Init handles other activities
     35 (device creation/destruction, property setting, process restarting)
     36 "between" the execution of the commands in activities.
     37 
     38 Actions take the form of:
     39 
     40 on <trigger>
     41    <command>
     42    <command>
     43    <command>
     44 
     45 
     46 Services
     47 --------
     48 Services are programs which init launches and (optionally) restarts
     49 when they exit.  Services take the form of:
     50 
     51 service <name> <pathname> [ <argument> ]*
     52    <option>
     53    <option>
     54    ...
     55 
     56 
     57 Options
     58 -------
     59 Options are modifiers to services.  They affect how and when init
     60 runs the service.
     61 
     62 critical
     63    This is a device-critical service. If it exits more than four times in
     64    four minutes, the device will reboot into recovery mode.
     65 
     66 disabled
     67    This service will not automatically start with its class.
     68    It must be explicitly started by name.
     69 
     70 setenv <name> <value>
     71    Set the environment variable <name> to <value> in the launched process.
     72 
     73 socket <name> <type> <perm> [ <user> [ <group> ] ]
     74    Create a unix domain socket named /dev/socket/<name> and pass
     75    its fd to the launched process.  <type> must be "dgram", "stream" or "seqpacket".
     76    User and group default to 0.
     77 
     78 user <username>
     79    Change to username before exec'ing this service.
     80    Currently defaults to root.  (??? probably should default to nobody)
     81    Currently, if your process requires linux capabilities then you cannot use
     82    this command. You must instead request the capabilities in-process while
     83    still root, and then drop to your desired uid.
     84 
     85 group <groupname> [ <groupname> ]*
     86    Change to groupname before exec'ing this service.  Additional
     87    groupnames beyond the (required) first one are used to set the
     88    supplemental groups of the process (via setgroups()).
     89    Currently defaults to root.  (??? probably should default to nobody)
     90 
     91 seclabel <securitycontext>
     92   Change to securitycontext before exec'ing this service.
     93   Primarily for use by services run from the rootfs, e.g. ueventd, adbd.
     94   Services on the system partition can instead use policy-defined transitions
     95   based on their file security context.
     96   If not specified and no transition is defined in policy, defaults to the init context.
     97 
     98 oneshot
     99    Do not restart the service when it exits.
    100 
    101 class <name>
    102    Specify a class name for the service.  All services in a
    103    named class may be started or stopped together.  A service
    104    is in the class "default" if one is not specified via the
    105    class option.
    106 
    107 onrestart
    108     Execute a Command (see below) when service restarts.
    109 
    110 Triggers
    111 --------
    112    Triggers are strings which can be used to match certain kinds
    113    of events and used to cause an action to occur.
    114 
    115 boot
    116    This is the first trigger that will occur when init starts
    117    (after /init.conf is loaded)
    118 
    119 <name>=<value>
    120    Triggers of this form occur when the property <name> is set
    121    to the specific value <value>.
    122 
    123 device-added-<path>
    124 device-removed-<path>
    125    Triggers of these forms occur when a device node is added
    126    or removed.
    127 
    128 service-exited-<name>
    129    Triggers of this form occur when the specified service exits.
    130 
    131 
    132 Commands
    133 --------
    134 
    135 exec <path> [ <argument> ]*
    136    Fork and execute a program (<path>).  This will block until
    137    the program completes execution.  It is best to avoid exec
    138    as unlike the builtin commands, it runs the risk of getting
    139    init "stuck". (??? maybe there should be a timeout?)
    140 
    141 export <name> <value>
    142    Set the environment variable <name> equal to <value> in the
    143    global environment (which will be inherited by all processes
    144    started after this command is executed)
    145 
    146 ifup <interface>
    147    Bring the network interface <interface> online.
    148 
    149 import <filename>
    150    Parse an init config file, extending the current configuration.
    151 
    152 hostname <name>
    153    Set the host name.
    154 
    155 chdir <directory>
    156    Change working directory.
    157 
    158 chmod <octal-mode> <path>
    159    Change file access permissions.
    160 
    161 chown <owner> <group> <path>
    162    Change file owner and group.
    163 
    164 chroot <directory>
    165   Change process root directory.
    166 
    167 class_start <serviceclass>
    168    Start all services of the specified class if they are
    169    not already running.
    170 
    171 class_stop <serviceclass>
    172    Stop all services of the specified class if they are
    173    currently running.
    174 
    175 domainname <name>
    176    Set the domain name.
    177 
    178 insmod <path>
    179    Install the module at <path>
    180 
    181 mkdir <path> [mode] [owner] [group]
    182    Create a directory at <path>, optionally with the given mode, owner, and
    183    group. If not provided, the directory is created with permissions 755 and
    184    owned by the root user and root group.
    185 
    186 mount <type> <device> <dir> [ <mountoption> ]*
    187    Attempt to mount the named device at the directory <dir>
    188    <device> may be of the form mtd@name to specify a mtd block
    189    device by name.
    190    <mountoption>s include "ro", "rw", "remount", "noatime", ...
    191 
    192 restorecon <path>
    193    Restore the file named by <path> to the security context specified
    194    in the file_contexts configuration.
    195    Not required for directories created by the init.rc as these are
    196    automatically labeled correctly by init.
    197 
    198 setcon <securitycontext>
    199    Set the current process security context to the specified string.
    200    This is typically only used from early-init to set the init context
    201    before any other process is started.
    202 
    203 setenforce 0|1
    204    Set the SELinux system-wide enforcing status.
    205    0 is permissive (i.e. log but do not deny), 1 is enforcing.
    206 
    207 setkey
    208    TBD
    209 
    210 setprop <name> <value>
    211    Set system property <name> to <value>.
    212 
    213 setrlimit <resource> <cur> <max>
    214    Set the rlimit for a resource.
    215 
    216 setsebool <name> <value>
    217    Set SELinux boolean <name> to <value>.
    218    <value> may be 1|true|on or 0|false|off
    219 
    220 start <service>
    221    Start a service running if it is not already running.
    222 
    223 stop <service>
    224    Stop a service from running if it is currently running.
    225 
    226 symlink <target> <path>
    227    Create a symbolic link at <path> with the value <target>
    228 
    229 sysclktz <mins_west_of_gmt>
    230    Set the system clock base (0 if system clock ticks in GMT)
    231 
    232 trigger <event>
    233    Trigger an event.  Used to queue an action from another
    234    action.
    235 
    236 wait <path> [ <timeout> ]
    237   Poll for the existence of the given file and return when found,
    238   or the timeout has been reached. If timeout is not specified it
    239   currently defaults to five seconds.
    240 
    241 write <path> <string> [ <string> ]*
    242    Open the file at <path> and write one or more strings
    243    to it with write(2)
    244 
    245 
    246 Properties
    247 ----------
    248 Init updates some system properties to provide some insight into
    249 what it's doing:
    250 
    251 init.action 
    252    Equal to the name of the action currently being executed or "" if none
    253 
    254 init.command
    255    Equal to the command being executed or "" if none.
    256 
    257 init.svc.<name>
    258    State of a named service ("stopped", "running", "restarting")
    259 
    260 
    261 Example init.conf
    262 -----------------
    263 
    264 # not complete -- just providing some examples of usage
    265 #
    266 on boot
    267    export PATH /sbin:/system/sbin:/system/bin
    268    export LD_LIBRARY_PATH /system/lib
    269 
    270    mkdir /dev
    271    mkdir /proc
    272    mkdir /sys
    273 
    274    mount tmpfs tmpfs /dev
    275    mkdir /dev/pts
    276    mkdir /dev/socket
    277    mount devpts devpts /dev/pts
    278    mount proc proc /proc
    279    mount sysfs sysfs /sys
    280 
    281    write /proc/cpu/alignment 4
    282 
    283    ifup lo
    284 
    285    hostname localhost
    286    domainname localhost
    287 
    288    mount yaffs2 mtd@system /system
    289    mount yaffs2 mtd@userdata /data
    290 
    291    import /system/etc/init.conf
    292 
    293    class_start default
    294 
    295 service adbd /sbin/adbd
    296    user adb
    297    group adb
    298 
    299 service usbd /system/bin/usbd -r
    300    user usbd
    301    group usbd
    302    socket usbd 666
    303 
    304 service zygote /system/bin/app_process -Xzygote /system/bin --zygote
    305    socket zygote 666
    306 
    307 service runtime /system/bin/runtime
    308    user system
    309    group system
    310 
    311 on device-added-/dev/compass
    312    start akmd
    313 
    314 on device-removed-/dev/compass
    315    stop akmd
    316 
    317 service akmd /sbin/akmd
    318    disabled
    319    user akmd
    320    group akmd
    321 
    322 Debugging notes
    323 ---------------
    324 By default, programs executed by init will drop stdout and stderr into
    325 /dev/null. To help with debugging, you can execute your program via the
    326 Andoird program logwrapper. This will redirect stdout/stderr into the
    327 Android logging system (accessed via logcat).
    328 
    329 For example
    330 service akmd /system/bin/logwrapper /sbin/akmd
    331