xbill/DNS/TSIG.java

// Copyright (c) 1999-2004 Brian Wellington (bwelling (at) xbill.org)

package org.xbill.DNS;

import java.util.*;
import org.xbill.DNS.utils.*;

/**
 * Transaction signature handling.  This class generates and verifies
 * TSIG records on messages, which provide transaction security.
 * @see TSIGRecord
 *
 * @author Brian Wellington
 */

public class TSIG {

private static final String HMAC_MD5_STR = "HMAC-MD5.SIG-ALG.REG.INT.";
private static final String HMAC_SHA1_STR = "hmac-sha1.";
private static final String HMAC_SHA224_STR = "hmac-sha224.";
private static final String HMAC_SHA256_STR = "hmac-sha256.";
private static final String HMAC_SHA384_STR = "hmac-sha384.";
private static final String HMAC_SHA512_STR = "hmac-sha512.";

/** The domain name representing the HMAC-MD5 algorithm. */
public static final Name HMAC_MD5 = Name.fromConstantString(HMAC_MD5_STR);

/** The domain name representing the HMAC-MD5 algorithm (deprecated). */
public static final Name HMAC = HMAC_MD5;

/** The domain name representing the HMAC-SHA1 algorithm. */
public static final Name HMAC_SHA1 = Name.fromConstantString(HMAC_SHA1_STR);

/**
 * The domain name representing the HMAC-SHA224 algorithm.
 * Note that SHA224 is not supported by Java out-of-the-box, this requires use
 * of a third party provider like BouncyCastle.org.
 */
public static final Name HMAC_SHA224 = Name.fromConstantString(HMAC_SHA224_STR);

/** The domain name representing the HMAC-SHA256 algorithm. */
public static final Name HMAC_SHA256 = Name.fromConstantString(HMAC_SHA256_STR);

/** The domain name representing the HMAC-SHA384 algorithm. */
public static final Name HMAC_SHA384 = Name.fromConstantString(HMAC_SHA384_STR);

/** The domain name representing the HMAC-SHA512 algorithm. */
public static final Name HMAC_SHA512 = Name.fromConstantString(HMAC_SHA512_STR);

/**
 * The default fudge value for outgoing packets.  Can be overriden by the
 * tsigfudge option.
 */
public static final short FUDGE		= 300;

private Name name, alg;
private String digest;
private int digestBlockLength;
private byte [] key;

private void
getDigest() {
	if (alg.equals(HMAC_MD5)) {
		digest = "md5";
		digestBlockLength = 64;
	} else if (alg.equals(HMAC_SHA1)) {
		digest = "sha-1";
		digestBlockLength = 64;
	} else if (alg.equals(HMAC_SHA224)) {
		digest = "sha-224";
		digestBlockLength = 64;
	} else if (alg.equals(HMAC_SHA256)) {
		digest = "sha-256";
		digestBlockLength = 64;
	} else if (alg.equals(HMAC_SHA512)) {
		digest = "sha-512";
		digestBlockLength = 128;
	} else if (alg.equals(HMAC_SHA384)) {
		digest = "sha-384";
		digestBlockLength = 128;
	} else
		throw new IllegalArgumentException("Invalid algorithm");
}

/**
 * Creates a new TSIG key, which can be used to sign or verify a message.
 * @param algorithm The algorithm of the shared key.
 * @param name The name of the shared key.
 * @param key The shared key's data.
 */
public
TSIG(Name algorithm, Name name, byte [] key) {
	this.name = name;
	this.alg = algorithm;
	this.key = key;
	getDigest();
}

/**
 * Creates a new TSIG key with the hmac-md5 algorithm, which can be used to
 * sign or verify a message.
 * @param name The name of the shared key.
 * @param key The shared key's data.
 */
public
TSIG(Name name, byte [] key) {
	this(HMAC_MD5, name, key);
}

/**
 * Creates a new TSIG object, which can be used to sign or verify a message.
 * @param name The name of the shared key.
 * @param key The shared key's data represented as a base64 encoded string.
 * @throws IllegalArgumentException The key name is an invalid name
 * @throws IllegalArgumentException The key data is improperly encoded
 */
public
TSIG(Name algorithm, String name, String key) {
	this.key = base64.fromString(key);
	if (this.key == null)
		throw new IllegalArgumentException("Invalid TSIG key string");
	try {
		this.name = Name.fromString(name, Name.root);
	}
	catch (TextParseException e) {
		throw new IllegalArgumentException("Invalid TSIG key name");
	}
	this.alg = algorithm;
	getDigest();
}

/**
 * Creates a new TSIG object, which can be used to sign or verify a message.
 * @param name The name of the shared key.
 * @param algorithm The algorithm of the shared key.  The legal values are
 * "hmac-md5", "hmac-sha1", "hmac-sha224", "hmac-sha256", "hmac-sha384", and
 * "hmac-sha512".
 * @param key The shared key's data represented as a base64 encoded string.
 * @throws IllegalArgumentException The key name is an invalid name
 * @throws IllegalArgumentException The key data is improperly encoded
 */
public
TSIG(String algorithm, String name, String key) {
	this(HMAC_MD5, name, key);
	if (algorithm.equalsIgnoreCase("hmac-md5"))
		this.alg = HMAC_MD5;
	else if (algorithm.equalsIgnoreCase("hmac-sha1"))
		this.alg = HMAC_SHA1;
	else if (algorithm.equalsIgnoreCase("hmac-sha224"))
		this.alg = HMAC_SHA224;
	else if (algorithm.equalsIgnoreCase("hmac-sha256"))
		this.alg = HMAC_SHA256;
	else if (algorithm.equalsIgnoreCase("hmac-sha384"))
		this.alg = HMAC_SHA384;
	else if (algorithm.equalsIgnoreCase("hmac-sha512"))
		this.alg = HMAC_SHA512;
	else
		throw new IllegalArgumentException("Invalid TSIG algorithm");
	getDigest();
}

/**
 * Creates a new TSIG object with the hmac-md5 algorithm, which can be used to
 * sign or verify a message.
 * @param name The name of the shared key
 * @param key The shared key's data, represented as a base64 encoded string.
 * @throws IllegalArgumentException The key name is an invalid name
 * @throws IllegalArgumentException The key data is improperly encoded
 */
public
TSIG(String name, String key) {
	this(HMAC_MD5, name, key);
}

/**
 * Creates a new TSIG object, which can be used to sign or verify a message.
 * @param str The TSIG key, in the form name:secret, name/secret,
 * alg:name:secret, or alg/name/secret.  If an algorithm is specified, it must
 * be "hmac-md5", "hmac-sha1", or "hmac-sha256".
 * @throws IllegalArgumentException The string does not contain both a name
 * and secret.
 * @throws IllegalArgumentException The key name is an invalid name
 * @throws IllegalArgumentException The key data is improperly encoded
 */
static public TSIG
fromString(String str) {
	String [] parts = str.split("[:/]", 3);
	if (parts.length < 2)
		throw new IllegalArgumentException("Invalid TSIG key " +
						   "specification");
	if (parts.length == 3) {
		try {
			return new TSIG(parts[0], parts[1], parts[2]);
		} catch (IllegalArgumentException e) {
			parts = str.split("[:/]", 2);
		}
	}
	return new TSIG(HMAC_MD5, parts[0], parts[1]);
}

/**
 * Generates a TSIG record with a specific error for a message that has
 * been rendered.
 * @param m The message
 * @param b The rendered message
 * @param error The error
 * @param old If this message is a response, the TSIG from the request
 * @return The TSIG record to be added to the message
 */
public TSIGRecord
generate(Message m, byte [] b, int error, TSIGRecord old) {
	Date timeSigned;
	if (error != Rcode.BADTIME)
		timeSigned = new Date();
	else
		timeSigned = old.getTimeSigned();
	int fudge;
	HMAC hmac = null;
	if (error == Rcode.NOERROR || error == Rcode.BADTIME)
		hmac = new HMAC(digest, digestBlockLength, key);

	fudge = Options.intValue("tsigfudge");
	if (fudge < 0 || fudge > 0x7FFF)
		fudge = FUDGE;

	if (old != null) {
		DNSOutput out = new DNSOutput();
		out.writeU16(old.getSignature().length);
		if (hmac != null) {
			hmac.update(out.toByteArray());
			hmac.update(old.getSignature());
		}
	}

	/* Digest the message */
	if (hmac != null)
		hmac.update(b);

	DNSOutput out = new DNSOutput();
	name.toWireCanonical(out);
	out.writeU16(DClass.ANY);	/* class */
	out.writeU32(0);		/* ttl */
	alg.toWireCanonical(out);
	long time = timeSigned.getTime() / 1000;
	int timeHigh = (int) (time >> 32);
	long timeLow = (time & 0xFFFFFFFFL);
	out.writeU16(timeHigh);
	out.writeU32(timeLow);
	out.writeU16(fudge);

	out.writeU16(error);
	out.writeU16(0); /* No other data */

	if (hmac != null)
		hmac.update(out.toByteArray());

	byte [] signature;
	if (hmac != null)
		signature = hmac.sign();
	else
		signature = new byte[0];

	byte [] other = null;
	if (error == Rcode.BADTIME) {
		out = new DNSOutput();
		time = new Date().getTime() / 1000;
		timeHigh = (int) (time >> 32);
		timeLow = (time & 0xFFFFFFFFL);
		out.writeU16(timeHigh);
		out.writeU32(timeLow);
		other = out.toByteArray();
	}

	return (new TSIGRecord(name, DClass.ANY, 0, alg, timeSigned, fudge,
			       signature, m.getHeader().getID(), error, other));
}

/**
 * Generates a TSIG record with a specific error for a message and adds it
 * to the message.
 * @param m The message
 * @param error The error
 * @param old If this message is a response, the TSIG from the request
 */
public void
apply(Message m, int error, TSIGRecord old) {
	Record r = generate(m, m.toWire(), error, old);
	m.addRecord(r, Section.ADDITIONAL);
	m.tsigState = Message.TSIG_SIGNED;
}

/**
 * Generates a TSIG record for a message and adds it to the message
 * @param m The message
 * @param old If this message is a response, the TSIG from the request
 */
public void
apply(Message m, TSIGRecord old) {
	apply(m, Rcode.NOERROR, old);
}

/**
 * Generates a TSIG record for a message and adds it to the message
 * @param m The message
 * @param old If this message is a response, the TSIG from the request
 */
public void
applyStream(Message m, TSIGRecord old, boolean first) {
	if (first) {
		apply(m, old);
		return;
	}
	Date timeSigned = new Date();
	int fudge;
	HMAC hmac = new HMAC(digest, digestBlockLength, key);

	fudge = Options.intValue("tsigfudge");
	if (fudge < 0 || fudge > 0x7FFF)
		fudge = FUDGE;

	DNSOutput out = new DNSOutput();
	out.writeU16(old.getSignature().length);
	hmac.update(out.toByteArray());
	hmac.update(old.getSignature());

	/* Digest the message */
	hmac.update(m.toWire());

	out = new DNSOutput();
	long time = timeSigned.getTime() / 1000;
	int timeHigh = (int) (time >> 32);
	long timeLow = (time & 0xFFFFFFFFL);
	out.writeU16(timeHigh);
	out.writeU32(timeLow);
	out.writeU16(fudge);

	hmac.update(out.toByteArray());

	byte [] signature = hmac.sign();
	byte [] other = null;

	Record r = new TSIGRecord(name, DClass.ANY, 0, alg, timeSigned, fudge,
				  signature, m.getHeader().getID(),
				  Rcode.NOERROR, other);
	m.addRecord(r, Section.ADDITIONAL);
	m.tsigState = Message.TSIG_SIGNED;
}

/**
 * Verifies a TSIG record on an incoming message.  Since this is only called
 * in the context where a TSIG is expected to be present, it is an error
 * if one is not present.  After calling this routine, Message.isVerified() may
 * be called on this message.
 * @param m The message
 * @param b An array containing the message in unparsed form.  This is
 * necessary since TSIG signs the message in wire format, and we can't
 * recreate the exact wire format (with the same name compression).
 * @param length The length of the message in the array.
 * @param old If this message is a response, the TSIG from the request
 * @return The result of the verification (as an Rcode)
 * @see Rcode
 */
public byte
verify(Message m, byte [] b, int length, TSIGRecord old) {
	m.tsigState = Message.TSIG_FAILED;
	TSIGRecord tsig = m.getTSIG();
	HMAC hmac = new HMAC(digest, digestBlockLength, key);
	if (tsig == null)
		return Rcode.FORMERR;

	if (!tsig.getName().equals(name) || !tsig.getAlgorithm().equals(alg)) {
		if (Options.check("verbose"))
			System.err.println("BADKEY failure");
		return Rcode.BADKEY;
	}
	long now = System.currentTimeMillis();
	long then = tsig.getTimeSigned().getTime();
	long fudge = tsig.getFudge();
	if (Math.abs(now - then) > fudge * 1000) {
		if (Options.check("verbose"))
			System.err.println("BADTIME failure");
		return Rcode.BADTIME;
	}

	if (old != null && tsig.getError() != Rcode.BADKEY &&
	    tsig.getError() != Rcode.BADSIG)
	{
		DNSOutput out = new DNSOutput();
		out.writeU16(old.getSignature().length);
		hmac.update(out.toByteArray());
		hmac.update(old.getSignature());
	}
	m.getHeader().decCount(Section.ADDITIONAL);
	byte [] header = m.getHeader().toWire();
	m.getHeader().incCount(Section.ADDITIONAL);
	hmac.update(header);

	int len = m.tsigstart - header.length;
	hmac.update(b, header.length, len);

	DNSOutput out = new DNSOutput();
	tsig.getName().toWireCanonical(out);
	out.writeU16(tsig.dclass);
	out.writeU32(tsig.ttl);
	tsig.getAlgorithm().toWireCanonical(out);
	long time = tsig.getTimeSigned().getTime() / 1000;
	int timeHigh = (int) (time >> 32);
	long timeLow = (time & 0xFFFFFFFFL);
	out.writeU16(timeHigh);
	out.writeU32(timeLow);
	out.writeU16(tsig.getFudge());
	out.writeU16(tsig.getError());
	if (tsig.getOther() != null) {
		out.writeU16(tsig.getOther().length);
		out.writeByteArray(tsig.getOther());
	} else {
		out.writeU16(0);
	}

	hmac.update(out.toByteArray());

	byte [] signature = tsig.getSignature();
	int digestLength = hmac.digestLength();
	int minDigestLength = digest.equals("md5") ? 10 : digestLength / 2;

	if (signature.length > digestLength) {
		if (Options.check("verbose"))
			System.err.println("BADSIG: signature too long");
		return Rcode.BADSIG;
	} else if (signature.length < minDigestLength) {
		if (Options.check("verbose"))
			System.err.println("BADSIG: signature too short");
		return Rcode.BADSIG;
	} else if (!hmac.verify(signature, true)) {
		if (Options.check("verbose"))
			System.err.println("BADSIG: signature verification");
		return Rcode.BADSIG;
	}

	m.tsigState = Message.TSIG_VERIFIED;
	return Rcode.NOERROR;
}

/**
 * Verifies a TSIG record on an incoming message.  Since this is only called
 * in the context where a TSIG is expected to be present, it is an error
 * if one is not present.  After calling this routine, Message.isVerified() may
 * be called on this message.
 * @param m The message
 * @param b The message in unparsed form.  This is necessary since TSIG
 * signs the message in wire format, and we can't recreate the exact wire
 * format (with the same name compression).
 * @param old If this message is a response, the TSIG from the request
 * @return The result of the verification (as an Rcode)
 * @see Rcode
 */
public int
verify(Message m, byte [] b, TSIGRecord old) {
	return verify(m, b, b.length, old);
}

/**
 * Returns the maximum length of a TSIG record generated by this key.
 * @see TSIGRecord
 */
public int
recordLength() {
	return (name.length() + 10 +
		alg.length() +
		8 +	// time signed, fudge
		18 +	// 2 byte MAC length, 16 byte MAC
		4 +	// original id, error
		8);	// 2 byte error length, 6 byte max error field.
}

public static class StreamVerifier {
	/**
	 * A helper class for verifying multiple message responses.
	 */

	private TSIG key;
	private HMAC verifier;
	private int nresponses;
	private int lastsigned;
	private TSIGRecord lastTSIG;

	/** Creates an object to verify a multiple message response */
	public
	StreamVerifier(TSIG tsig, TSIGRecord old) {
		key = tsig;
		verifier = new HMAC(key.digest, key.digestBlockLength, key.key);
		nresponses = 0;
		lastTSIG = old;
	}

	/**
	 * Verifies a TSIG record on an incoming message that is part of a
	 * multiple message response.
	 * TSIG records must be present on the first and last messages, and
	 * at least every 100 records in between.
	 * After calling this routine, Message.isVerified() may be called on
	 * this message.
	 * @param m The message
	 * @param b The message in unparsed form
	 * @return The result of the verification (as an Rcode)
	 * @see Rcode
	 */
	public int
	verify(Message m, byte [] b) {
		TSIGRecord tsig = m.getTSIG();

		nresponses++;

		if (nresponses == 1) {
			int result = key.verify(m, b, lastTSIG);
			if (result == Rcode.NOERROR) {
				byte [] signature = tsig.getSignature();
				DNSOutput out = new DNSOutput();
				out.writeU16(signature.length);
				verifier.update(out.toByteArray());
				verifier.update(signature);
			}
			lastTSIG = tsig;
			return result;
		}

		if (tsig != null)
			m.getHeader().decCount(Section.ADDITIONAL);
		byte [] header = m.getHeader().toWire();
		if (tsig != null)
			m.getHeader().incCount(Section.ADDITIONAL);
		verifier.update(header);

		int len;
		if (tsig == null)
			len = b.length - header.length;
		else
			len = m.tsigstart - header.length;
		verifier.update(b, header.length, len);

		if (tsig != null) {
			lastsigned = nresponses;
			lastTSIG = tsig;
		}
		else {
			boolean required = (nresponses - lastsigned >= 100);
			if (required) {
				m.tsigState = Message.TSIG_FAILED;
				return Rcode.FORMERR;
			} else {
				m.tsigState = Message.TSIG_INTERMEDIATE;
				return Rcode.NOERROR;
			}
		}

		if (!tsig.getName().equals(key.name) ||
		    !tsig.getAlgorithm().equals(key.alg))
		{
			if (Options.check("verbose"))
				System.err.println("BADKEY failure");
			m.tsigState = Message.TSIG_FAILED;
			return Rcode.BADKEY;
		}

		DNSOutput out = new DNSOutput();
		long time = tsig.getTimeSigned().getTime() / 1000;
		int timeHigh = (int) (time >> 32);
		long timeLow = (time & 0xFFFFFFFFL);
		out.writeU16(timeHigh);
		out.writeU32(timeLow);
		out.writeU16(tsig.getFudge());
		verifier.update(out.toByteArray());

		if (verifier.verify(tsig.getSignature()) == false) {
			if (Options.check("verbose"))
				System.err.println("BADSIG failure");
			m.tsigState = Message.TSIG_FAILED;
			return Rcode.BADSIG;
		}

		verifier.clear();
		out = new DNSOutput();
		out.writeU16(tsig.getSignature().length);
		verifier.update(out.toByteArray());
		verifier.update(tsig.getSignature());

		m.tsigState = Message.TSIG_VERIFIED;
		return Rcode.NOERROR;
	}
}

}