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      1 // Reference-counted versatile string base -*- C++ -*-
      2 
      3 // Copyright (C) 2005, 2006, 2007, 2008, 2009 Free Software Foundation, Inc.
      4 //
      5 // This file is part of the GNU ISO C++ Library.  This library is free
      6 // software; you can redistribute it and/or modify it under the
      7 // terms of the GNU General Public License as published by the
      8 // Free Software Foundation; either version 3, or (at your option)
      9 // any later version.
     10 
     11 // This library is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
     12 // but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
     13 // MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the
     14 // GNU General Public License for more details.
     15 
     16 // Under Section 7 of GPL version 3, you are granted additional
     17 // permissions described in the GCC Runtime Library Exception, version
     18 // 3.1, as published by the Free Software Foundation.
     19 
     20 // You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License and
     21 // a copy of the GCC Runtime Library Exception along with this program;
     22 // see the files COPYING3 and COPYING.RUNTIME respectively.  If not, see
     23 // <http://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
     24 
     25 /** @file ext/rc_string_base.h
     26  *  This file is a GNU extension to the Standard C++ Library.
     27  *  This is an internal header file, included by other library headers.
     28  *  You should not attempt to use it directly.
     29  */
     30 
     31 #ifndef _RC_STRING_BASE_H
     32 #define _RC_STRING_BASE_H 1
     33 
     34 #include <ext/atomicity.h>
     35 #include <bits/stl_iterator_base_funcs.h>
     36 
     37 _GLIBCXX_BEGIN_NAMESPACE(__gnu_cxx)
     38 
     39   /**
     40    *  Documentation?  What's that?
     41    *  Nathan Myers <ncm (at) cantrip.org>.
     42    *
     43    *  A string looks like this:
     44    *
     45    *  @code
     46    *                                        [_Rep]
     47    *                                        _M_length
     48    *   [__rc_string_base<char_type>]        _M_capacity
     49    *   _M_dataplus                          _M_refcount
     50    *   _M_p ---------------->               unnamed array of char_type
     51    *  @endcode
     52    *
     53    *  Where the _M_p points to the first character in the string, and
     54    *  you cast it to a pointer-to-_Rep and subtract 1 to get a
     55    *  pointer to the header.
     56    *
     57    *  This approach has the enormous advantage that a string object
     58    *  requires only one allocation.  All the ugliness is confined
     59    *  within a single pair of inline functions, which each compile to
     60    *  a single "add" instruction: _Rep::_M_refdata(), and
     61    *  __rc_string_base::_M_rep(); and the allocation function which gets a
     62    *  block of raw bytes and with room enough and constructs a _Rep
     63    *  object at the front.
     64    *
     65    *  The reason you want _M_data pointing to the character array and
     66    *  not the _Rep is so that the debugger can see the string
     67    *  contents. (Probably we should add a non-inline member to get
     68    *  the _Rep for the debugger to use, so users can check the actual
     69    *  string length.)
     70    *
     71    *  Note that the _Rep object is a POD so that you can have a
     72    *  static "empty string" _Rep object already "constructed" before
     73    *  static constructors have run.  The reference-count encoding is
     74    *  chosen so that a 0 indicates one reference, so you never try to
     75    *  destroy the empty-string _Rep object.
     76    *
     77    *  All but the last paragraph is considered pretty conventional
     78    *  for a C++ string implementation.
     79   */
     80  template<typename _CharT, typename _Traits, typename _Alloc>
     81     class __rc_string_base
     82     : protected __vstring_utility<_CharT, _Traits, _Alloc>
     83     {
     84     public:
     85       typedef _Traits					    traits_type;
     86       typedef typename _Traits::char_type		    value_type;
     87       typedef _Alloc					    allocator_type;
     88 
     89       typedef __vstring_utility<_CharT, _Traits, _Alloc>    _Util_Base;
     90       typedef typename _Util_Base::_CharT_alloc_type        _CharT_alloc_type;
     91       typedef typename _CharT_alloc_type::size_type	    size_type;
     92 
     93     private:
     94       // _Rep: string representation
     95       //   Invariants:
     96       //   1. String really contains _M_length + 1 characters: due to 21.3.4
     97       //      must be kept null-terminated.
     98       //   2. _M_capacity >= _M_length
     99       //      Allocated memory is always (_M_capacity + 1) * sizeof(_CharT).
    100       //   3. _M_refcount has three states:
    101       //      -1: leaked, one reference, no ref-copies allowed, non-const.
    102       //       0: one reference, non-const.
    103       //     n>0: n + 1 references, operations require a lock, const.
    104       //   4. All fields == 0 is an empty string, given the extra storage
    105       //      beyond-the-end for a null terminator; thus, the shared
    106       //      empty string representation needs no constructor.
    107       struct _Rep
    108       {
    109 	union
    110 	{
    111 	  struct
    112 	  {
    113 	    size_type	    _M_length;
    114 	    size_type	    _M_capacity;
    115 	    _Atomic_word    _M_refcount;
    116 	  }                 _M_info;
    117 
    118 	  // Only for alignment purposes.
    119 	  _CharT            _M_align;
    120 	};
    121 
    122 	typedef typename _Alloc::template rebind<_Rep>::other _Rep_alloc_type;
    123 
    124  	_CharT*
    125 	_M_refdata() throw()
    126 	{ return reinterpret_cast<_CharT*>(this + 1); }
    127 
    128 	_CharT*
    129 	_M_refcopy() throw()
    130 	{
    131 	  __atomic_add_dispatch(&_M_info._M_refcount, 1);
    132 	  return _M_refdata();
    133 	}  // XXX MT
    134 
    135 	void
    136 	_M_set_length(size_type __n)
    137 	{
    138 	  _M_info._M_refcount = 0;  // One reference.
    139 	  _M_info._M_length = __n;
    140 	  // grrr. (per 21.3.4)
    141 	  // You cannot leave those LWG people alone for a second.
    142 	  traits_type::assign(_M_refdata()[__n], _CharT());
    143 	}
    144 
    145 	// Create & Destroy
    146 	static _Rep*
    147 	_S_create(size_type, size_type, const _Alloc&);
    148 
    149 	void
    150 	_M_destroy(const _Alloc&) throw();
    151 
    152 	_CharT*
    153 	_M_clone(const _Alloc&, size_type __res = 0);
    154       };
    155 
    156       struct _Rep_empty
    157       : public _Rep
    158       {
    159 	_CharT              _M_terminal;
    160       };
    161 
    162       static _Rep_empty     _S_empty_rep;
    163 
    164       // The maximum number of individual char_type elements of an
    165       // individual string is determined by _S_max_size. This is the
    166       // value that will be returned by max_size().  (Whereas npos
    167       // is the maximum number of bytes the allocator can allocate.)
    168       // If one was to divvy up the theoretical largest size string,
    169       // with a terminating character and m _CharT elements, it'd
    170       // look like this:
    171       // npos = sizeof(_Rep) + (m * sizeof(_CharT)) + sizeof(_CharT)
    172       //        + sizeof(_Rep) - 1
    173       // (NB: last two terms for rounding reasons, see _M_create below)
    174       // Solving for m:
    175       // m = ((npos - 2 * sizeof(_Rep) + 1) / sizeof(_CharT)) - 1
    176       // In addition, this implementation halves this amount.
    177       enum { _S_max_size = (((static_cast<size_type>(-1) - 2 * sizeof(_Rep)
    178 			      + 1) / sizeof(_CharT)) - 1) / 2 };
    179 
    180       // Data Member (private):
    181       mutable typename _Util_Base::template _Alloc_hider<_Alloc>  _M_dataplus;
    182 
    183       void
    184       _M_data(_CharT* __p)
    185       { _M_dataplus._M_p = __p; }
    186 
    187       _Rep*
    188       _M_rep() const
    189       { return &((reinterpret_cast<_Rep*>(_M_data()))[-1]); }
    190 
    191       _CharT*
    192       _M_grab(const _Alloc& __alloc) const
    193       {
    194 	return (!_M_is_leaked() && _M_get_allocator() == __alloc)
    195 	        ? _M_rep()->_M_refcopy() : _M_rep()->_M_clone(__alloc);
    196       }
    197 
    198       void
    199       _M_dispose()
    200       {
    201 	if (__exchange_and_add_dispatch(&_M_rep()->_M_info._M_refcount,
    202 					-1) <= 0)
    203 	  _M_rep()->_M_destroy(_M_get_allocator());
    204       }  // XXX MT
    205 
    206       bool
    207       _M_is_leaked() const
    208       { return _M_rep()->_M_info._M_refcount < 0; }
    209 
    210       void
    211       _M_set_sharable()
    212       { _M_rep()->_M_info._M_refcount = 0; }
    213 
    214       void
    215       _M_leak_hard();
    216 
    217       // _S_construct_aux is used to implement the 21.3.1 para 15 which
    218       // requires special behaviour if _InIterator is an integral type
    219       template<typename _InIterator>
    220         static _CharT*
    221         _S_construct_aux(_InIterator __beg, _InIterator __end,
    222 			 const _Alloc& __a, std::__false_type)
    223 	{
    224           typedef typename iterator_traits<_InIterator>::iterator_category _Tag;
    225           return _S_construct(__beg, __end, __a, _Tag());
    226 	}
    227 
    228       // _GLIBCXX_RESOLVE_LIB_DEFECTS
    229       // 438. Ambiguity in the "do the right thing" clause
    230       template<typename _Integer>
    231         static _CharT*
    232         _S_construct_aux(_Integer __beg, _Integer __end,
    233 			 const _Alloc& __a, std::__true_type)
    234 	{ return _S_construct(static_cast<size_type>(__beg), __end, __a); }
    235 
    236       template<typename _InIterator>
    237         static _CharT*
    238         _S_construct(_InIterator __beg, _InIterator __end, const _Alloc& __a)
    239 	{
    240 	  typedef typename std::__is_integer<_InIterator>::__type _Integral;
    241 	  return _S_construct_aux(__beg, __end, __a, _Integral());
    242         }
    243 
    244       // For Input Iterators, used in istreambuf_iterators, etc.
    245       template<typename _InIterator>
    246         static _CharT*
    247          _S_construct(_InIterator __beg, _InIterator __end, const _Alloc& __a,
    248 		      std::input_iterator_tag);
    249 
    250       // For forward_iterators up to random_access_iterators, used for
    251       // string::iterator, _CharT*, etc.
    252       template<typename _FwdIterator>
    253         static _CharT*
    254         _S_construct(_FwdIterator __beg, _FwdIterator __end, const _Alloc& __a,
    255 		     std::forward_iterator_tag);
    256 
    257       static _CharT*
    258       _S_construct(size_type __req, _CharT __c, const _Alloc& __a);
    259 
    260     public:
    261       size_type
    262       _M_max_size() const
    263       { return size_type(_S_max_size); }
    264 
    265       _CharT*
    266       _M_data() const
    267       { return _M_dataplus._M_p; }
    268 
    269       size_type
    270       _M_length() const
    271       { return _M_rep()->_M_info._M_length; }
    272 
    273       size_type
    274       _M_capacity() const
    275       { return _M_rep()->_M_info._M_capacity; }
    276 
    277       bool
    278       _M_is_shared() const
    279       { return _M_rep()->_M_info._M_refcount > 0; }
    280 
    281       void
    282       _M_set_leaked()
    283       { _M_rep()->_M_info._M_refcount = -1; }
    284 
    285       void
    286       _M_leak()    // for use in begin() & non-const op[]
    287       {
    288 	if (!_M_is_leaked())
    289 	  _M_leak_hard();
    290       }
    291 
    292       void
    293       _M_set_length(size_type __n)
    294       { _M_rep()->_M_set_length(__n); }
    295 
    296       __rc_string_base()
    297       : _M_dataplus(_S_empty_rep._M_refcopy()) { }
    298 
    299       __rc_string_base(const _Alloc& __a);
    300 
    301       __rc_string_base(const __rc_string_base& __rcs);
    302 
    303 #ifdef __GXX_EXPERIMENTAL_CXX0X__
    304       __rc_string_base(__rc_string_base&& __rcs)
    305       : _M_dataplus(__rcs._M_get_allocator(), __rcs._M_data())
    306       { __rcs._M_data(_S_empty_rep._M_refcopy()); }
    307 #endif
    308 
    309       __rc_string_base(size_type __n, _CharT __c, const _Alloc& __a);
    310 
    311       template<typename _InputIterator>
    312         __rc_string_base(_InputIterator __beg, _InputIterator __end,
    313 			 const _Alloc& __a);
    314 
    315       ~__rc_string_base()
    316       { _M_dispose(); }
    317 
    318       allocator_type&
    319       _M_get_allocator()
    320       { return _M_dataplus; }
    321 
    322       const allocator_type&
    323       _M_get_allocator() const
    324       { return _M_dataplus; }
    325 
    326       void
    327       _M_swap(__rc_string_base& __rcs);
    328 
    329       void
    330       _M_assign(const __rc_string_base& __rcs);
    331 
    332       void
    333       _M_reserve(size_type __res);
    334 
    335       void
    336       _M_mutate(size_type __pos, size_type __len1, const _CharT* __s,
    337 		size_type __len2);
    338 
    339       void
    340       _M_erase(size_type __pos, size_type __n);
    341 
    342       void
    343       _M_clear()
    344       { _M_erase(size_type(0), _M_length()); }
    345 
    346       bool
    347       _M_compare(const __rc_string_base&) const
    348       { return false; }
    349     };
    350 
    351   template<typename _CharT, typename _Traits, typename _Alloc>
    352     typename __rc_string_base<_CharT, _Traits, _Alloc>::_Rep_empty
    353     __rc_string_base<_CharT, _Traits, _Alloc>::_S_empty_rep;
    354 
    355   template<typename _CharT, typename _Traits, typename _Alloc>
    356     typename __rc_string_base<_CharT, _Traits, _Alloc>::_Rep*
    357     __rc_string_base<_CharT, _Traits, _Alloc>::_Rep::
    358     _S_create(size_type __capacity, size_type __old_capacity,
    359 	      const _Alloc& __alloc)
    360     {
    361       // _GLIBCXX_RESOLVE_LIB_DEFECTS
    362       // 83.  String::npos vs. string::max_size()
    363       if (__capacity > size_type(_S_max_size))
    364 	std::__throw_length_error(__N("__rc_string_base::_Rep::_S_create"));
    365 
    366       // The standard places no restriction on allocating more memory
    367       // than is strictly needed within this layer at the moment or as
    368       // requested by an explicit application call to reserve().
    369 
    370       // Many malloc implementations perform quite poorly when an
    371       // application attempts to allocate memory in a stepwise fashion
    372       // growing each allocation size by only 1 char.  Additionally,
    373       // it makes little sense to allocate less linear memory than the
    374       // natural blocking size of the malloc implementation.
    375       // Unfortunately, we would need a somewhat low-level calculation
    376       // with tuned parameters to get this perfect for any particular
    377       // malloc implementation.  Fortunately, generalizations about
    378       // common features seen among implementations seems to suffice.
    379 
    380       // __pagesize need not match the actual VM page size for good
    381       // results in practice, thus we pick a common value on the low
    382       // side.  __malloc_header_size is an estimate of the amount of
    383       // overhead per memory allocation (in practice seen N * sizeof
    384       // (void*) where N is 0, 2 or 4).  According to folklore,
    385       // picking this value on the high side is better than
    386       // low-balling it (especially when this algorithm is used with
    387       // malloc implementations that allocate memory blocks rounded up
    388       // to a size which is a power of 2).
    389       const size_type __pagesize = 4096;
    390       const size_type __malloc_header_size = 4 * sizeof(void*);
    391 
    392       // The below implements an exponential growth policy, necessary to
    393       // meet amortized linear time requirements of the library: see
    394       // http://gcc.gnu.org/ml/libstdc++/2001-07/msg00085.html.
    395       if (__capacity > __old_capacity && __capacity < 2 * __old_capacity)
    396 	{
    397 	  __capacity = 2 * __old_capacity;
    398 	  // Never allocate a string bigger than _S_max_size.
    399 	  if (__capacity > size_type(_S_max_size))
    400 	    __capacity = size_type(_S_max_size);
    401 	}
    402 
    403       // NB: Need an array of char_type[__capacity], plus a terminating
    404       // null char_type() element, plus enough for the _Rep data structure,
    405       // plus sizeof(_Rep) - 1 to upper round to a size multiple of
    406       // sizeof(_Rep).
    407       // Whew. Seemingly so needy, yet so elemental.
    408       size_type __size = ((__capacity + 1) * sizeof(_CharT)
    409 			  + 2 * sizeof(_Rep) - 1);
    410 
    411       const size_type __adj_size = __size + __malloc_header_size;
    412       if (__adj_size > __pagesize && __capacity > __old_capacity)
    413 	{
    414 	  const size_type __extra = __pagesize - __adj_size % __pagesize;
    415 	  __capacity += __extra / sizeof(_CharT);
    416 	  if (__capacity > size_type(_S_max_size))
    417 	    __capacity = size_type(_S_max_size);
    418 	  __size = (__capacity + 1) * sizeof(_CharT) + 2 * sizeof(_Rep) - 1;
    419 	}
    420 
    421       // NB: Might throw, but no worries about a leak, mate: _Rep()
    422       // does not throw.
    423       _Rep* __place = _Rep_alloc_type(__alloc).allocate(__size / sizeof(_Rep));
    424       _Rep* __p = new (__place) _Rep;
    425       __p->_M_info._M_capacity = __capacity;
    426       return __p;
    427     }
    428 
    429   template<typename _CharT, typename _Traits, typename _Alloc>
    430     void
    431     __rc_string_base<_CharT, _Traits, _Alloc>::_Rep::
    432     _M_destroy(const _Alloc& __a) throw ()
    433     {
    434       const size_type __size = ((_M_info._M_capacity + 1) * sizeof(_CharT)
    435 				+ 2 * sizeof(_Rep) - 1);
    436       _Rep_alloc_type(__a).deallocate(this, __size / sizeof(_Rep));
    437     }
    438 
    439   template<typename _CharT, typename _Traits, typename _Alloc>
    440     _CharT*
    441     __rc_string_base<_CharT, _Traits, _Alloc>::_Rep::
    442     _M_clone(const _Alloc& __alloc, size_type __res)
    443     {
    444       // Requested capacity of the clone.
    445       const size_type __requested_cap = _M_info._M_length + __res;
    446       _Rep* __r = _Rep::_S_create(__requested_cap, _M_info._M_capacity,
    447 				  __alloc);
    448 
    449       if (_M_info._M_length)
    450 	_S_copy(__r->_M_refdata(), _M_refdata(), _M_info._M_length);
    451 
    452       __r->_M_set_length(_M_info._M_length);
    453       return __r->_M_refdata();
    454     }
    455 
    456   template<typename _CharT, typename _Traits, typename _Alloc>
    457     __rc_string_base<_CharT, _Traits, _Alloc>::
    458     __rc_string_base(const _Alloc& __a)
    459     : _M_dataplus(__a, _S_construct(size_type(), _CharT(), __a)) { }
    460 
    461   template<typename _CharT, typename _Traits, typename _Alloc>
    462     __rc_string_base<_CharT, _Traits, _Alloc>::
    463     __rc_string_base(const __rc_string_base& __rcs)
    464     : _M_dataplus(__rcs._M_get_allocator(),
    465 		  __rcs._M_grab(__rcs._M_get_allocator())) { }
    466 
    467   template<typename _CharT, typename _Traits, typename _Alloc>
    468     __rc_string_base<_CharT, _Traits, _Alloc>::
    469     __rc_string_base(size_type __n, _CharT __c, const _Alloc& __a)
    470     : _M_dataplus(__a, _S_construct(__n, __c, __a)) { }
    471 
    472   template<typename _CharT, typename _Traits, typename _Alloc>
    473     template<typename _InputIterator>
    474     __rc_string_base<_CharT, _Traits, _Alloc>::
    475     __rc_string_base(_InputIterator __beg, _InputIterator __end,
    476 		     const _Alloc& __a)
    477     : _M_dataplus(__a, _S_construct(__beg, __end, __a)) { }
    478 
    479   template<typename _CharT, typename _Traits, typename _Alloc>
    480     void
    481     __rc_string_base<_CharT, _Traits, _Alloc>::
    482     _M_leak_hard()
    483     {
    484       if (_M_is_shared())
    485 	_M_erase(0, 0);
    486       _M_set_leaked();
    487     }
    488 
    489   // NB: This is the special case for Input Iterators, used in
    490   // istreambuf_iterators, etc.
    491   // Input Iterators have a cost structure very different from
    492   // pointers, calling for a different coding style.
    493   template<typename _CharT, typename _Traits, typename _Alloc>
    494     template<typename _InIterator>
    495       _CharT*
    496       __rc_string_base<_CharT, _Traits, _Alloc>::
    497       _S_construct(_InIterator __beg, _InIterator __end, const _Alloc& __a,
    498 		   std::input_iterator_tag)
    499       {
    500 	if (__beg == __end && __a == _Alloc())
    501 	  return _S_empty_rep._M_refcopy();
    502 
    503 	// Avoid reallocation for common case.
    504 	_CharT __buf[128];
    505 	size_type __len = 0;
    506 	while (__beg != __end && __len < sizeof(__buf) / sizeof(_CharT))
    507 	  {
    508 	    __buf[__len++] = *__beg;
    509 	    ++__beg;
    510 	  }
    511 	_Rep* __r = _Rep::_S_create(__len, size_type(0), __a);
    512 	_S_copy(__r->_M_refdata(), __buf, __len);
    513 	__try
    514 	  {
    515 	    while (__beg != __end)
    516 	      {
    517 		if (__len == __r->_M_info._M_capacity)
    518 		  {
    519 		    // Allocate more space.
    520 		    _Rep* __another = _Rep::_S_create(__len + 1, __len, __a);
    521 		    _S_copy(__another->_M_refdata(), __r->_M_refdata(), __len);
    522 		    __r->_M_destroy(__a);
    523 		    __r = __another;
    524 		  }
    525 		__r->_M_refdata()[__len++] = *__beg;
    526 		++__beg;
    527 	      }
    528 	  }
    529 	__catch(...)
    530 	  {
    531 	    __r->_M_destroy(__a);
    532 	    __throw_exception_again;
    533 	  }
    534 	__r->_M_set_length(__len);
    535 	return __r->_M_refdata();
    536       }
    537 
    538   template<typename _CharT, typename _Traits, typename _Alloc>
    539     template<typename _InIterator>
    540       _CharT*
    541       __rc_string_base<_CharT, _Traits, _Alloc>::
    542       _S_construct(_InIterator __beg, _InIterator __end, const _Alloc& __a,
    543 		   std::forward_iterator_tag)
    544       {
    545 	if (__beg == __end && __a == _Alloc())
    546 	  return _S_empty_rep._M_refcopy();
    547 
    548 	// NB: Not required, but considered best practice.
    549 	if (__builtin_expect(__is_null_pointer(__beg) && __beg != __end, 0))
    550 	  std::__throw_logic_error(__N("__rc_string_base::"
    551 				       "_S_construct NULL not valid"));
    552 
    553 	const size_type __dnew = static_cast<size_type>(std::distance(__beg,
    554 								      __end));
    555 	// Check for out_of_range and length_error exceptions.
    556 	_Rep* __r = _Rep::_S_create(__dnew, size_type(0), __a);
    557 	__try
    558 	  { _S_copy_chars(__r->_M_refdata(), __beg, __end); }
    559 	__catch(...)
    560 	  {
    561 	    __r->_M_destroy(__a);
    562 	    __throw_exception_again;
    563 	  }
    564 	__r->_M_set_length(__dnew);
    565 	return __r->_M_refdata();
    566       }
    567 
    568   template<typename _CharT, typename _Traits, typename _Alloc>
    569     _CharT*
    570     __rc_string_base<_CharT, _Traits, _Alloc>::
    571     _S_construct(size_type __n, _CharT __c, const _Alloc& __a)
    572     {
    573       if (__n == 0 && __a == _Alloc())
    574 	return _S_empty_rep._M_refcopy();
    575 
    576       // Check for out_of_range and length_error exceptions.
    577       _Rep* __r = _Rep::_S_create(__n, size_type(0), __a);
    578       if (__n)
    579 	_S_assign(__r->_M_refdata(), __n, __c);
    580 
    581       __r->_M_set_length(__n);
    582       return __r->_M_refdata();
    583     }
    584 
    585   template<typename _CharT, typename _Traits, typename _Alloc>
    586     void
    587     __rc_string_base<_CharT, _Traits, _Alloc>::
    588     _M_swap(__rc_string_base& __rcs)
    589     {
    590       if (_M_is_leaked())
    591 	_M_set_sharable();
    592       if (__rcs._M_is_leaked())
    593 	__rcs._M_set_sharable();
    594 
    595       _CharT* __tmp = _M_data();
    596       _M_data(__rcs._M_data());
    597       __rcs._M_data(__tmp);
    598 
    599       // _GLIBCXX_RESOLVE_LIB_DEFECTS
    600       // 431. Swapping containers with unequal allocators.
    601       std::__alloc_swap<allocator_type>::_S_do_it(_M_get_allocator(),
    602 						  __rcs._M_get_allocator());
    603     }
    604 
    605   template<typename _CharT, typename _Traits, typename _Alloc>
    606     void
    607     __rc_string_base<_CharT, _Traits, _Alloc>::
    608     _M_assign(const __rc_string_base& __rcs)
    609     {
    610       if (_M_rep() != __rcs._M_rep())
    611 	{
    612 	  _CharT* __tmp = __rcs._M_grab(_M_get_allocator());
    613 	  _M_dispose();
    614 	  _M_data(__tmp);
    615 	}
    616     }
    617 
    618   template<typename _CharT, typename _Traits, typename _Alloc>
    619     void
    620     __rc_string_base<_CharT, _Traits, _Alloc>::
    621     _M_reserve(size_type __res)
    622     {
    623       // Make sure we don't shrink below the current size.
    624       if (__res < _M_length())
    625 	__res = _M_length();
    626 
    627       if (__res != _M_capacity() || _M_is_shared())
    628 	{
    629 	  _CharT* __tmp = _M_rep()->_M_clone(_M_get_allocator(),
    630 					     __res - _M_length());
    631 	  _M_dispose();
    632 	  _M_data(__tmp);
    633 	}
    634     }
    635 
    636   template<typename _CharT, typename _Traits, typename _Alloc>
    637     void
    638     __rc_string_base<_CharT, _Traits, _Alloc>::
    639     _M_mutate(size_type __pos, size_type __len1, const _CharT* __s,
    640 	      size_type __len2)
    641     {
    642       const size_type __how_much = _M_length() - __pos - __len1;
    643 
    644       _Rep* __r = _Rep::_S_create(_M_length() + __len2 - __len1,
    645 				  _M_capacity(), _M_get_allocator());
    646 
    647       if (__pos)
    648 	_S_copy(__r->_M_refdata(), _M_data(), __pos);
    649       if (__s && __len2)
    650 	_S_copy(__r->_M_refdata() + __pos, __s, __len2);
    651       if (__how_much)
    652 	_S_copy(__r->_M_refdata() + __pos + __len2,
    653 		_M_data() + __pos + __len1, __how_much);
    654 
    655       _M_dispose();
    656       _M_data(__r->_M_refdata());
    657     }
    658 
    659   template<typename _CharT, typename _Traits, typename _Alloc>
    660     void
    661     __rc_string_base<_CharT, _Traits, _Alloc>::
    662     _M_erase(size_type __pos, size_type __n)
    663     {
    664       const size_type __new_size = _M_length() - __n;
    665       const size_type __how_much = _M_length() - __pos - __n;
    666 
    667       if (_M_is_shared())
    668 	{
    669 	  // Must reallocate.
    670 	  _Rep* __r = _Rep::_S_create(__new_size, _M_capacity(),
    671 				      _M_get_allocator());
    672 
    673 	  if (__pos)
    674 	    _S_copy(__r->_M_refdata(), _M_data(), __pos);
    675 	  if (__how_much)
    676 	    _S_copy(__r->_M_refdata() + __pos,
    677 		    _M_data() + __pos + __n, __how_much);
    678 
    679 	  _M_dispose();
    680 	  _M_data(__r->_M_refdata());
    681 	}
    682       else if (__how_much && __n)
    683 	{
    684 	  // Work in-place.
    685 	  _S_move(_M_data() + __pos,
    686 		  _M_data() + __pos + __n, __how_much);
    687 	}
    688 
    689       _M_rep()->_M_set_length(__new_size);
    690     }
    691 
    692   template<>
    693     inline bool
    694     __rc_string_base<char, std::char_traits<char>,
    695 		     std::allocator<char> >::
    696     _M_compare(const __rc_string_base& __rcs) const
    697     {
    698       if (_M_rep() == __rcs._M_rep())
    699 	return true;
    700       return false;
    701     }
    702 
    703 #ifdef _GLIBCXX_USE_WCHAR_T
    704   template<>
    705     inline bool
    706     __rc_string_base<wchar_t, std::char_traits<wchar_t>,
    707 		     std::allocator<wchar_t> >::
    708     _M_compare(const __rc_string_base& __rcs) const
    709     {
    710       if (_M_rep() == __rcs._M_rep())
    711 	return true;
    712       return false;
    713     }
    714 #endif
    715 
    716 _GLIBCXX_END_NAMESPACE
    717 
    718 #endif /* _RC_STRING_BASE_H */
    719