Home | History | Annotate | Download | only in ext
      1 // Reference-counted versatile string base -*- C++ -*-
      2 
      3 // Copyright (C) 2005, 2006, 2007, 2008, 2009, 2010
      4 // Free Software Foundation, Inc.
      5 //
      6 // This file is part of the GNU ISO C++ Library.  This library is free
      7 // software; you can redistribute it and/or modify it under the
      8 // terms of the GNU General Public License as published by the
      9 // Free Software Foundation; either version 3, or (at your option)
     10 // any later version.
     11 
     12 // This library is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
     13 // but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
     14 // MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the
     15 // GNU General Public License for more details.
     16 
     17 // Under Section 7 of GPL version 3, you are granted additional
     18 // permissions described in the GCC Runtime Library Exception, version
     19 // 3.1, as published by the Free Software Foundation.
     20 
     21 // You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License and
     22 // a copy of the GCC Runtime Library Exception along with this program;
     23 // see the files COPYING3 and COPYING.RUNTIME respectively.  If not, see
     24 // <http://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
     25 
     26 /** @file ext/rc_string_base.h
     27  *  This is an internal header file, included by other library headers.
     28  *  Do not attempt to use it directly. @headername{ext/vstring.h}
     29  */
     30 
     31 #ifndef _RC_STRING_BASE_H
     32 #define _RC_STRING_BASE_H 1
     33 
     34 #include <ext/atomicity.h>
     35 #include <bits/stl_iterator_base_funcs.h>
     36 
     37 namespace __gnu_cxx _GLIBCXX_VISIBILITY(default)
     38 {
     39 _GLIBCXX_BEGIN_NAMESPACE_VERSION
     40 
     41   /**
     42    *  Documentation?  What's that?
     43    *  Nathan Myers <ncm (at) cantrip.org>.
     44    *
     45    *  A string looks like this:
     46    *
     47    *  @code
     48    *                                        [_Rep]
     49    *                                        _M_length
     50    *   [__rc_string_base<char_type>]        _M_capacity
     51    *   _M_dataplus                          _M_refcount
     52    *   _M_p ---------------->               unnamed array of char_type
     53    *  @endcode
     54    *
     55    *  Where the _M_p points to the first character in the string, and
     56    *  you cast it to a pointer-to-_Rep and subtract 1 to get a
     57    *  pointer to the header.
     58    *
     59    *  This approach has the enormous advantage that a string object
     60    *  requires only one allocation.  All the ugliness is confined
     61    *  within a single pair of inline functions, which each compile to
     62    *  a single @a add instruction: _Rep::_M_refdata(), and
     63    *  __rc_string_base::_M_rep(); and the allocation function which gets a
     64    *  block of raw bytes and with room enough and constructs a _Rep
     65    *  object at the front.
     66    *
     67    *  The reason you want _M_data pointing to the character array and
     68    *  not the _Rep is so that the debugger can see the string
     69    *  contents. (Probably we should add a non-inline member to get
     70    *  the _Rep for the debugger to use, so users can check the actual
     71    *  string length.)
     72    *
     73    *  Note that the _Rep object is a POD so that you can have a
     74    *  static <em>empty string</em> _Rep object already @a constructed before
     75    *  static constructors have run.  The reference-count encoding is
     76    *  chosen so that a 0 indicates one reference, so you never try to
     77    *  destroy the empty-string _Rep object.
     78    *
     79    *  All but the last paragraph is considered pretty conventional
     80    *  for a C++ string implementation.
     81   */
     82  template<typename _CharT, typename _Traits, typename _Alloc>
     83     class __rc_string_base
     84     : protected __vstring_utility<_CharT, _Traits, _Alloc>
     85     {
     86     public:
     87       typedef _Traits					    traits_type;
     88       typedef typename _Traits::char_type		    value_type;
     89       typedef _Alloc					    allocator_type;
     90 
     91       typedef __vstring_utility<_CharT, _Traits, _Alloc>    _Util_Base;
     92       typedef typename _Util_Base::_CharT_alloc_type        _CharT_alloc_type;
     93       typedef typename _CharT_alloc_type::size_type	    size_type;
     94 
     95     private:
     96       // _Rep: string representation
     97       //   Invariants:
     98       //   1. String really contains _M_length + 1 characters: due to 21.3.4
     99       //      must be kept null-terminated.
    100       //   2. _M_capacity >= _M_length
    101       //      Allocated memory is always (_M_capacity + 1) * sizeof(_CharT).
    102       //   3. _M_refcount has three states:
    103       //      -1: leaked, one reference, no ref-copies allowed, non-const.
    104       //       0: one reference, non-const.
    105       //     n>0: n + 1 references, operations require a lock, const.
    106       //   4. All fields == 0 is an empty string, given the extra storage
    107       //      beyond-the-end for a null terminator; thus, the shared
    108       //      empty string representation needs no constructor.
    109       struct _Rep
    110       {
    111 	union
    112 	{
    113 	  struct
    114 	  {
    115 	    size_type	    _M_length;
    116 	    size_type	    _M_capacity;
    117 	    _Atomic_word    _M_refcount;
    118 	  }                 _M_info;
    119 
    120 	  // Only for alignment purposes.
    121 	  _CharT            _M_align;
    122 	};
    123 
    124 	typedef typename _Alloc::template rebind<_Rep>::other _Rep_alloc_type;
    125 
    126  	_CharT*
    127 	_M_refdata() throw()
    128 	{ return reinterpret_cast<_CharT*>(this + 1); }
    129 
    130 	_CharT*
    131 	_M_refcopy() throw()
    132 	{
    133 	  __atomic_add_dispatch(&_M_info._M_refcount, 1);
    134 	  return _M_refdata();
    135 	}  // XXX MT
    136 
    137 	void
    138 	_M_set_length(size_type __n)
    139 	{
    140 	  _M_info._M_refcount = 0;  // One reference.
    141 	  _M_info._M_length = __n;
    142 	  // grrr. (per 21.3.4)
    143 	  // You cannot leave those LWG people alone for a second.
    144 	  traits_type::assign(_M_refdata()[__n], _CharT());
    145 	}
    146 
    147 	// Create & Destroy
    148 	static _Rep*
    149 	_S_create(size_type, size_type, const _Alloc&);
    150 
    151 	void
    152 	_M_destroy(const _Alloc&) throw();
    153 
    154 	_CharT*
    155 	_M_clone(const _Alloc&, size_type __res = 0);
    156       };
    157 
    158       struct _Rep_empty
    159       : public _Rep
    160       {
    161 	_CharT              _M_terminal;
    162       };
    163 
    164       static _Rep_empty     _S_empty_rep;
    165 
    166       // The maximum number of individual char_type elements of an
    167       // individual string is determined by _S_max_size. This is the
    168       // value that will be returned by max_size().  (Whereas npos
    169       // is the maximum number of bytes the allocator can allocate.)
    170       // If one was to divvy up the theoretical largest size string,
    171       // with a terminating character and m _CharT elements, it'd
    172       // look like this:
    173       // npos = sizeof(_Rep) + (m * sizeof(_CharT)) + sizeof(_CharT)
    174       //        + sizeof(_Rep) - 1
    175       // (NB: last two terms for rounding reasons, see _M_create below)
    176       // Solving for m:
    177       // m = ((npos - 2 * sizeof(_Rep) + 1) / sizeof(_CharT)) - 1
    178       // In addition, this implementation halves this amount.
    179       enum { _S_max_size = (((static_cast<size_type>(-1) - 2 * sizeof(_Rep)
    180 			      + 1) / sizeof(_CharT)) - 1) / 2 };
    181 
    182       // Data Member (private):
    183       mutable typename _Util_Base::template _Alloc_hider<_Alloc>  _M_dataplus;
    184 
    185       void
    186       _M_data(_CharT* __p)
    187       { _M_dataplus._M_p = __p; }
    188 
    189       _Rep*
    190       _M_rep() const
    191       { return &((reinterpret_cast<_Rep*>(_M_data()))[-1]); }
    192 
    193       _CharT*
    194       _M_grab(const _Alloc& __alloc) const
    195       {
    196 	return (!_M_is_leaked() && _M_get_allocator() == __alloc)
    197 		? _M_rep()->_M_refcopy() : _M_rep()->_M_clone(__alloc);
    198       }
    199 
    200       void
    201       _M_dispose()
    202       {
    203 	// Be race-detector-friendly.  For more info see bits/c++config.
    204 	_GLIBCXX_SYNCHRONIZATION_HAPPENS_BEFORE(&_M_rep()->_M_info.
    205 						_M_refcount);
    206 	if (__exchange_and_add_dispatch(&_M_rep()->_M_info._M_refcount,
    207 					-1) <= 0)
    208 	  {
    209 	    _GLIBCXX_SYNCHRONIZATION_HAPPENS_AFTER(&_M_rep()->_M_info.
    210 						   _M_refcount);
    211 	    _M_rep()->_M_destroy(_M_get_allocator());
    212 	  }
    213       }  // XXX MT
    214 
    215       bool
    216       _M_is_leaked() const
    217       { return _M_rep()->_M_info._M_refcount < 0; }
    218 
    219       void
    220       _M_set_sharable()
    221       { _M_rep()->_M_info._M_refcount = 0; }
    222 
    223       void
    224       _M_leak_hard();
    225 
    226       // _S_construct_aux is used to implement the 21.3.1 para 15 which
    227       // requires special behaviour if _InIterator is an integral type
    228       template<typename _InIterator>
    229 	static _CharT*
    230 	_S_construct_aux(_InIterator __beg, _InIterator __end,
    231 			 const _Alloc& __a, std::__false_type)
    232 	{
    233 	  typedef typename iterator_traits<_InIterator>::iterator_category _Tag;
    234 	  return _S_construct(__beg, __end, __a, _Tag());
    235 	}
    236 
    237       // _GLIBCXX_RESOLVE_LIB_DEFECTS
    238       // 438. Ambiguity in the "do the right thing" clause
    239       template<typename _Integer>
    240 	static _CharT*
    241 	_S_construct_aux(_Integer __beg, _Integer __end,
    242 			 const _Alloc& __a, std::__true_type)
    243 	{ return _S_construct_aux_2(static_cast<size_type>(__beg),
    244 				    __end, __a); }
    245 
    246       static _CharT*
    247       _S_construct_aux_2(size_type __req, _CharT __c, const _Alloc& __a)
    248       { return _S_construct(__req, __c, __a); }
    249 
    250       template<typename _InIterator>
    251 	static _CharT*
    252 	_S_construct(_InIterator __beg, _InIterator __end, const _Alloc& __a)
    253 	{
    254 	  typedef typename std::__is_integer<_InIterator>::__type _Integral;
    255 	  return _S_construct_aux(__beg, __end, __a, _Integral());
    256 	}
    257 
    258       // For Input Iterators, used in istreambuf_iterators, etc.
    259       template<typename _InIterator>
    260 	static _CharT*
    261 	 _S_construct(_InIterator __beg, _InIterator __end, const _Alloc& __a,
    262 		      std::input_iterator_tag);
    263 
    264       // For forward_iterators up to random_access_iterators, used for
    265       // string::iterator, _CharT*, etc.
    266       template<typename _FwdIterator>
    267 	static _CharT*
    268 	_S_construct(_FwdIterator __beg, _FwdIterator __end, const _Alloc& __a,
    269 		     std::forward_iterator_tag);
    270 
    271       static _CharT*
    272       _S_construct(size_type __req, _CharT __c, const _Alloc& __a);
    273 
    274     public:
    275       size_type
    276       _M_max_size() const
    277       { return size_type(_S_max_size); }
    278 
    279       _CharT*
    280       _M_data() const
    281       { return _M_dataplus._M_p; }
    282 
    283       size_type
    284       _M_length() const
    285       { return _M_rep()->_M_info._M_length; }
    286 
    287       size_type
    288       _M_capacity() const
    289       { return _M_rep()->_M_info._M_capacity; }
    290 
    291       bool
    292       _M_is_shared() const
    293       { return _M_rep()->_M_info._M_refcount > 0; }
    294 
    295       void
    296       _M_set_leaked()
    297       { _M_rep()->_M_info._M_refcount = -1; }
    298 
    299       void
    300       _M_leak()    // for use in begin() & non-const op[]
    301       {
    302 	if (!_M_is_leaked())
    303 	  _M_leak_hard();
    304       }
    305 
    306       void
    307       _M_set_length(size_type __n)
    308       { _M_rep()->_M_set_length(__n); }
    309 
    310       __rc_string_base()
    311       : _M_dataplus(_S_empty_rep._M_refcopy()) { }
    312 
    313       __rc_string_base(const _Alloc& __a);
    314 
    315       __rc_string_base(const __rc_string_base& __rcs);
    316 
    317 #ifdef __GXX_EXPERIMENTAL_CXX0X__
    318       __rc_string_base(__rc_string_base&& __rcs)
    319       : _M_dataplus(__rcs._M_dataplus)
    320       { __rcs._M_data(_S_empty_rep._M_refcopy()); }
    321 #endif
    322 
    323       __rc_string_base(size_type __n, _CharT __c, const _Alloc& __a);
    324 
    325       template<typename _InputIterator>
    326 	__rc_string_base(_InputIterator __beg, _InputIterator __end,
    327 			 const _Alloc& __a);
    328 
    329       ~__rc_string_base()
    330       { _M_dispose(); }
    331 
    332       allocator_type&
    333       _M_get_allocator()
    334       { return _M_dataplus; }
    335 
    336       const allocator_type&
    337       _M_get_allocator() const
    338       { return _M_dataplus; }
    339 
    340       void
    341       _M_swap(__rc_string_base& __rcs);
    342 
    343       void
    344       _M_assign(const __rc_string_base& __rcs);
    345 
    346       void
    347       _M_reserve(size_type __res);
    348 
    349       void
    350       _M_mutate(size_type __pos, size_type __len1, const _CharT* __s,
    351 		size_type __len2);
    352 
    353       void
    354       _M_erase(size_type __pos, size_type __n);
    355 
    356       void
    357       _M_clear()
    358       { _M_erase(size_type(0), _M_length()); }
    359 
    360       bool
    361       _M_compare(const __rc_string_base&) const
    362       { return false; }
    363     };
    364 
    365   template<typename _CharT, typename _Traits, typename _Alloc>
    366     typename __rc_string_base<_CharT, _Traits, _Alloc>::_Rep_empty
    367     __rc_string_base<_CharT, _Traits, _Alloc>::_S_empty_rep;
    368 
    369   template<typename _CharT, typename _Traits, typename _Alloc>
    370     typename __rc_string_base<_CharT, _Traits, _Alloc>::_Rep*
    371     __rc_string_base<_CharT, _Traits, _Alloc>::_Rep::
    372     _S_create(size_type __capacity, size_type __old_capacity,
    373 	      const _Alloc& __alloc)
    374     {
    375       // _GLIBCXX_RESOLVE_LIB_DEFECTS
    376       // 83.  String::npos vs. string::max_size()
    377       if (__capacity > size_type(_S_max_size))
    378 	std::__throw_length_error(__N("__rc_string_base::_Rep::_S_create"));
    379 
    380       // The standard places no restriction on allocating more memory
    381       // than is strictly needed within this layer at the moment or as
    382       // requested by an explicit application call to reserve().
    383 
    384       // Many malloc implementations perform quite poorly when an
    385       // application attempts to allocate memory in a stepwise fashion
    386       // growing each allocation size by only 1 char.  Additionally,
    387       // it makes little sense to allocate less linear memory than the
    388       // natural blocking size of the malloc implementation.
    389       // Unfortunately, we would need a somewhat low-level calculation
    390       // with tuned parameters to get this perfect for any particular
    391       // malloc implementation.  Fortunately, generalizations about
    392       // common features seen among implementations seems to suffice.
    393 
    394       // __pagesize need not match the actual VM page size for good
    395       // results in practice, thus we pick a common value on the low
    396       // side.  __malloc_header_size is an estimate of the amount of
    397       // overhead per memory allocation (in practice seen N * sizeof
    398       // (void*) where N is 0, 2 or 4).  According to folklore,
    399       // picking this value on the high side is better than
    400       // low-balling it (especially when this algorithm is used with
    401       // malloc implementations that allocate memory blocks rounded up
    402       // to a size which is a power of 2).
    403       const size_type __pagesize = 4096;
    404       const size_type __malloc_header_size = 4 * sizeof(void*);
    405 
    406       // The below implements an exponential growth policy, necessary to
    407       // meet amortized linear time requirements of the library: see
    408       // http://gcc.gnu.org/ml/libstdc++/2001-07/msg00085.html.
    409       if (__capacity > __old_capacity && __capacity < 2 * __old_capacity)
    410 	{
    411 	  __capacity = 2 * __old_capacity;
    412 	  // Never allocate a string bigger than _S_max_size.
    413 	  if (__capacity > size_type(_S_max_size))
    414 	    __capacity = size_type(_S_max_size);
    415 	}
    416 
    417       // NB: Need an array of char_type[__capacity], plus a terminating
    418       // null char_type() element, plus enough for the _Rep data structure,
    419       // plus sizeof(_Rep) - 1 to upper round to a size multiple of
    420       // sizeof(_Rep).
    421       // Whew. Seemingly so needy, yet so elemental.
    422       size_type __size = ((__capacity + 1) * sizeof(_CharT)
    423 			  + 2 * sizeof(_Rep) - 1);
    424 
    425       const size_type __adj_size = __size + __malloc_header_size;
    426       if (__adj_size > __pagesize && __capacity > __old_capacity)
    427 	{
    428 	  const size_type __extra = __pagesize - __adj_size % __pagesize;
    429 	  __capacity += __extra / sizeof(_CharT);
    430 	  if (__capacity > size_type(_S_max_size))
    431 	    __capacity = size_type(_S_max_size);
    432 	  __size = (__capacity + 1) * sizeof(_CharT) + 2 * sizeof(_Rep) - 1;
    433 	}
    434 
    435       // NB: Might throw, but no worries about a leak, mate: _Rep()
    436       // does not throw.
    437       _Rep* __place = _Rep_alloc_type(__alloc).allocate(__size / sizeof(_Rep));
    438       _Rep* __p = new (__place) _Rep;
    439       __p->_M_info._M_capacity = __capacity;
    440       return __p;
    441     }
    442 
    443   template<typename _CharT, typename _Traits, typename _Alloc>
    444     void
    445     __rc_string_base<_CharT, _Traits, _Alloc>::_Rep::
    446     _M_destroy(const _Alloc& __a) throw ()
    447     {
    448       const size_type __size = ((_M_info._M_capacity + 1) * sizeof(_CharT)
    449 				+ 2 * sizeof(_Rep) - 1);
    450       _Rep_alloc_type(__a).deallocate(this, __size / sizeof(_Rep));
    451     }
    452 
    453   template<typename _CharT, typename _Traits, typename _Alloc>
    454     _CharT*
    455     __rc_string_base<_CharT, _Traits, _Alloc>::_Rep::
    456     _M_clone(const _Alloc& __alloc, size_type __res)
    457     {
    458       // Requested capacity of the clone.
    459       const size_type __requested_cap = _M_info._M_length + __res;
    460       _Rep* __r = _Rep::_S_create(__requested_cap, _M_info._M_capacity,
    461 				  __alloc);
    462 
    463       if (_M_info._M_length)
    464 	_S_copy(__r->_M_refdata(), _M_refdata(), _M_info._M_length);
    465 
    466       __r->_M_set_length(_M_info._M_length);
    467       return __r->_M_refdata();
    468     }
    469 
    470   template<typename _CharT, typename _Traits, typename _Alloc>
    471     __rc_string_base<_CharT, _Traits, _Alloc>::
    472     __rc_string_base(const _Alloc& __a)
    473     : _M_dataplus(__a, _S_construct(size_type(), _CharT(), __a)) { }
    474 
    475   template<typename _CharT, typename _Traits, typename _Alloc>
    476     __rc_string_base<_CharT, _Traits, _Alloc>::
    477     __rc_string_base(const __rc_string_base& __rcs)
    478     : _M_dataplus(__rcs._M_get_allocator(),
    479 		  __rcs._M_grab(__rcs._M_get_allocator())) { }
    480 
    481   template<typename _CharT, typename _Traits, typename _Alloc>
    482     __rc_string_base<_CharT, _Traits, _Alloc>::
    483     __rc_string_base(size_type __n, _CharT __c, const _Alloc& __a)
    484     : _M_dataplus(__a, _S_construct(__n, __c, __a)) { }
    485 
    486   template<typename _CharT, typename _Traits, typename _Alloc>
    487     template<typename _InputIterator>
    488     __rc_string_base<_CharT, _Traits, _Alloc>::
    489     __rc_string_base(_InputIterator __beg, _InputIterator __end,
    490 		     const _Alloc& __a)
    491     : _M_dataplus(__a, _S_construct(__beg, __end, __a)) { }
    492 
    493   template<typename _CharT, typename _Traits, typename _Alloc>
    494     void
    495     __rc_string_base<_CharT, _Traits, _Alloc>::
    496     _M_leak_hard()
    497     {
    498       if (_M_is_shared())
    499 	_M_erase(0, 0);
    500       _M_set_leaked();
    501     }
    502 
    503   // NB: This is the special case for Input Iterators, used in
    504   // istreambuf_iterators, etc.
    505   // Input Iterators have a cost structure very different from
    506   // pointers, calling for a different coding style.
    507   template<typename _CharT, typename _Traits, typename _Alloc>
    508     template<typename _InIterator>
    509       _CharT*
    510       __rc_string_base<_CharT, _Traits, _Alloc>::
    511       _S_construct(_InIterator __beg, _InIterator __end, const _Alloc& __a,
    512 		   std::input_iterator_tag)
    513       {
    514 	if (__beg == __end && __a == _Alloc())
    515 	  return _S_empty_rep._M_refcopy();
    516 
    517 	// Avoid reallocation for common case.
    518 	_CharT __buf[128];
    519 	size_type __len = 0;
    520 	while (__beg != __end && __len < sizeof(__buf) / sizeof(_CharT))
    521 	  {
    522 	    __buf[__len++] = *__beg;
    523 	    ++__beg;
    524 	  }
    525 	_Rep* __r = _Rep::_S_create(__len, size_type(0), __a);
    526 	_S_copy(__r->_M_refdata(), __buf, __len);
    527 	__try
    528 	  {
    529 	    while (__beg != __end)
    530 	      {
    531 		if (__len == __r->_M_info._M_capacity)
    532 		  {
    533 		    // Allocate more space.
    534 		    _Rep* __another = _Rep::_S_create(__len + 1, __len, __a);
    535 		    _S_copy(__another->_M_refdata(), __r->_M_refdata(), __len);
    536 		    __r->_M_destroy(__a);
    537 		    __r = __another;
    538 		  }
    539 		__r->_M_refdata()[__len++] = *__beg;
    540 		++__beg;
    541 	      }
    542 	  }
    543 	__catch(...)
    544 	  {
    545 	    __r->_M_destroy(__a);
    546 	    __throw_exception_again;
    547 	  }
    548 	__r->_M_set_length(__len);
    549 	return __r->_M_refdata();
    550       }
    551 
    552   template<typename _CharT, typename _Traits, typename _Alloc>
    553     template<typename _InIterator>
    554       _CharT*
    555       __rc_string_base<_CharT, _Traits, _Alloc>::
    556       _S_construct(_InIterator __beg, _InIterator __end, const _Alloc& __a,
    557 		   std::forward_iterator_tag)
    558       {
    559 	if (__beg == __end && __a == _Alloc())
    560 	  return _S_empty_rep._M_refcopy();
    561 
    562 	// NB: Not required, but considered best practice.
    563 	if (__is_null_pointer(__beg) && __beg != __end)
    564 	  std::__throw_logic_error(__N("__rc_string_base::"
    565 				       "_S_construct null not valid"));
    566 
    567 	const size_type __dnew = static_cast<size_type>(std::distance(__beg,
    568 								      __end));
    569 	// Check for out_of_range and length_error exceptions.
    570 	_Rep* __r = _Rep::_S_create(__dnew, size_type(0), __a);
    571 	__try
    572 	  { _S_copy_chars(__r->_M_refdata(), __beg, __end); }
    573 	__catch(...)
    574 	  {
    575 	    __r->_M_destroy(__a);
    576 	    __throw_exception_again;
    577 	  }
    578 	__r->_M_set_length(__dnew);
    579 	return __r->_M_refdata();
    580       }
    581 
    582   template<typename _CharT, typename _Traits, typename _Alloc>
    583     _CharT*
    584     __rc_string_base<_CharT, _Traits, _Alloc>::
    585     _S_construct(size_type __n, _CharT __c, const _Alloc& __a)
    586     {
    587       if (__n == 0 && __a == _Alloc())
    588 	return _S_empty_rep._M_refcopy();
    589 
    590       // Check for out_of_range and length_error exceptions.
    591       _Rep* __r = _Rep::_S_create(__n, size_type(0), __a);
    592       if (__n)
    593 	_S_assign(__r->_M_refdata(), __n, __c);
    594 
    595       __r->_M_set_length(__n);
    596       return __r->_M_refdata();
    597     }
    598 
    599   template<typename _CharT, typename _Traits, typename _Alloc>
    600     void
    601     __rc_string_base<_CharT, _Traits, _Alloc>::
    602     _M_swap(__rc_string_base& __rcs)
    603     {
    604       if (_M_is_leaked())
    605 	_M_set_sharable();
    606       if (__rcs._M_is_leaked())
    607 	__rcs._M_set_sharable();
    608 
    609       _CharT* __tmp = _M_data();
    610       _M_data(__rcs._M_data());
    611       __rcs._M_data(__tmp);
    612 
    613       // _GLIBCXX_RESOLVE_LIB_DEFECTS
    614       // 431. Swapping containers with unequal allocators.
    615       std::__alloc_swap<allocator_type>::_S_do_it(_M_get_allocator(),
    616 						  __rcs._M_get_allocator());
    617     }
    618 
    619   template<typename _CharT, typename _Traits, typename _Alloc>
    620     void
    621     __rc_string_base<_CharT, _Traits, _Alloc>::
    622     _M_assign(const __rc_string_base& __rcs)
    623     {
    624       if (_M_rep() != __rcs._M_rep())
    625 	{
    626 	  _CharT* __tmp = __rcs._M_grab(_M_get_allocator());
    627 	  _M_dispose();
    628 	  _M_data(__tmp);
    629 	}
    630     }
    631 
    632   template<typename _CharT, typename _Traits, typename _Alloc>
    633     void
    634     __rc_string_base<_CharT, _Traits, _Alloc>::
    635     _M_reserve(size_type __res)
    636     {
    637       // Make sure we don't shrink below the current size.
    638       if (__res < _M_length())
    639 	__res = _M_length();
    640 
    641       if (__res != _M_capacity() || _M_is_shared())
    642 	{
    643 	  _CharT* __tmp = _M_rep()->_M_clone(_M_get_allocator(),
    644 					     __res - _M_length());
    645 	  _M_dispose();
    646 	  _M_data(__tmp);
    647 	}
    648     }
    649 
    650   template<typename _CharT, typename _Traits, typename _Alloc>
    651     void
    652     __rc_string_base<_CharT, _Traits, _Alloc>::
    653     _M_mutate(size_type __pos, size_type __len1, const _CharT* __s,
    654 	      size_type __len2)
    655     {
    656       const size_type __how_much = _M_length() - __pos - __len1;
    657 
    658       _Rep* __r = _Rep::_S_create(_M_length() + __len2 - __len1,
    659 				  _M_capacity(), _M_get_allocator());
    660 
    661       if (__pos)
    662 	_S_copy(__r->_M_refdata(), _M_data(), __pos);
    663       if (__s && __len2)
    664 	_S_copy(__r->_M_refdata() + __pos, __s, __len2);
    665       if (__how_much)
    666 	_S_copy(__r->_M_refdata() + __pos + __len2,
    667 		_M_data() + __pos + __len1, __how_much);
    668 
    669       _M_dispose();
    670       _M_data(__r->_M_refdata());
    671     }
    672 
    673   template<typename _CharT, typename _Traits, typename _Alloc>
    674     void
    675     __rc_string_base<_CharT, _Traits, _Alloc>::
    676     _M_erase(size_type __pos, size_type __n)
    677     {
    678       const size_type __new_size = _M_length() - __n;
    679       const size_type __how_much = _M_length() - __pos - __n;
    680 
    681       if (_M_is_shared())
    682 	{
    683 	  // Must reallocate.
    684 	  _Rep* __r = _Rep::_S_create(__new_size, _M_capacity(),
    685 				      _M_get_allocator());
    686 
    687 	  if (__pos)
    688 	    _S_copy(__r->_M_refdata(), _M_data(), __pos);
    689 	  if (__how_much)
    690 	    _S_copy(__r->_M_refdata() + __pos,
    691 		    _M_data() + __pos + __n, __how_much);
    692 
    693 	  _M_dispose();
    694 	  _M_data(__r->_M_refdata());
    695 	}
    696       else if (__how_much && __n)
    697 	{
    698 	  // Work in-place.
    699 	  _S_move(_M_data() + __pos,
    700 		  _M_data() + __pos + __n, __how_much);
    701 	}
    702 
    703       _M_rep()->_M_set_length(__new_size);
    704     }
    705 
    706   template<>
    707     inline bool
    708     __rc_string_base<char, std::char_traits<char>,
    709 		     std::allocator<char> >::
    710     _M_compare(const __rc_string_base& __rcs) const
    711     {
    712       if (_M_rep() == __rcs._M_rep())
    713 	return true;
    714       return false;
    715     }
    716 
    717 #ifdef _GLIBCXX_USE_WCHAR_T
    718   template<>
    719     inline bool
    720     __rc_string_base<wchar_t, std::char_traits<wchar_t>,
    721 		     std::allocator<wchar_t> >::
    722     _M_compare(const __rc_string_base& __rcs) const
    723     {
    724       if (_M_rep() == __rcs._M_rep())
    725 	return true;
    726       return false;
    727     }
    728 #endif
    729 
    730 _GLIBCXX_END_NAMESPACE_VERSION
    731 } // namespace
    732 
    733 #endif /* _RC_STRING_BASE_H */
    734