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      1 Google C++ Mocking Framework
      2 ============================
      3 
      4 http://code.google.com/p/googlemock/
      5 
      6 Overview
      7 --------
      8 
      9 Google's framework for writing and using C++ mock classes on a variety
     10 of platforms (Linux, Mac OS X, Windows, Windows CE, Symbian, etc).
     11 Inspired by jMock, EasyMock, and Hamcrest, and designed with C++'s
     12 specifics in mind, it can help you derive better designs of your
     13 system and write better tests.
     14 
     15 Google Mock:
     16 
     17 - provides a declarative syntax for defining mocks,
     18 - can easily define partial (hybrid) mocks, which are a cross of real
     19   and mock objects,
     20 - handles functions of arbitrary types and overloaded functions,
     21 - comes with a rich set of matchers for validating function arguments,
     22 - uses an intuitive syntax for controlling the behavior of a mock,
     23 - does automatic verification of expectations (no record-and-replay
     24   needed),
     25 - allows arbitrary (partial) ordering constraints on
     26   function calls to be expressed,
     27 - lets a user extend it by defining new matchers and actions.
     28 - does not use exceptions, and
     29 - is easy to learn and use.
     30 
     31 Please see the project page above for more information as well as the
     32 mailing list for questions, discussions, and development.  There is
     33 also an IRC channel on OFTC (irc.oftc.net) #gtest available.  Please
     34 join us!
     35 
     36 Please note that code under scripts/generator/ is from the cppclean
     37 project (http://code.google.com/p/cppclean/) and under the Apache
     38 License, which is different from Google Mock's license.
     39 
     40 Requirements for End Users
     41 --------------------------
     42 
     43 Google Mock is implemented on top of the Google Test C++ testing
     44 framework (http://code.google.com/p/googletest/), and includes the
     45 latter as part of the SVN repositary and distribution package.  You
     46 must use the bundled version of Google Test when using Google Mock, or
     47 you may get compiler/linker errors.
     48 
     49 You can also easily configure Google Mock to work with another testing
     50 framework of your choice; although it will still need Google Test as
     51 an internal dependency.  Please read
     52 http://code.google.com/p/googlemock/wiki/ForDummies#Using_Google_Mock_with_Any_Testing_Framework
     53 for how to do it.
     54 
     55 Google Mock depends on advanced C++ features and thus requires a more
     56 modern compiler.  The following are needed to use Google Mock:
     57 
     58 ### Linux Requirements ###
     59 
     60 These are the base requirements to build and use Google Mock from a source
     61 package (as described below):
     62 
     63   * GNU-compatible Make or "gmake"
     64   * POSIX-standard shell
     65   * POSIX(-2) Regular Expressions (regex.h)
     66   * C++98-standard-compliant compiler (e.g. GCC 3.4 or newer)
     67 
     68 ### Windows Requirements ###
     69 
     70   * Microsoft Visual C++ 8.0 SP1 or newer
     71 
     72 ### Mac OS X Requirements ###
     73 
     74   * Mac OS X 10.4 Tiger or newer
     75   * Developer Tools Installed
     76 
     77 Requirements for Contributors
     78 -----------------------------
     79 
     80 We welcome patches.  If you plan to contribute a patch, you need to
     81 build Google Mock and its own tests from an SVN checkout (described
     82 below), which has further requirements:
     83 
     84   * Automake version 1.9 or newer
     85   * Autoconf version 2.59 or newer
     86   * Libtool / Libtoolize
     87   * Python version 2.3 or newer (for running some of the tests and
     88     re-generating certain source files from templates)
     89 
     90 Getting the Source
     91 ------------------
     92 
     93 There are two primary ways of getting Google Mock's source code: you
     94 can download a stable source release in your preferred archive format,
     95 or directly check out the source from our Subversion (SVN) repositary.
     96 The SVN checkout requires a few extra steps and some extra software
     97 packages on your system, but lets you track development and make
     98 patches much more easily, so we highly encourage it.
     99 
    100 ### Source Package ###
    101 
    102 Google Mock is released in versioned source packages which can be
    103 downloaded from the download page [1].  Several different archive
    104 formats are provided, but the only difference is the tools needed to
    105 extract their contents, and the size of the resulting file.  Download
    106 whichever you are most comfortable with.
    107 
    108   [1] http://code.google.com/p/googlemock/downloads/list
    109 
    110 Once downloaded expand the archive using whichever tools you prefer
    111 for that type.  This will always result in a new directory with the
    112 name "gmock-X.Y.Z" which contains all of the source code.  Here are
    113 some examples on Linux:
    114 
    115   tar -xvzf gmock-X.Y.Z.tar.gz
    116   tar -xvjf gmock-X.Y.Z.tar.bz2
    117   unzip gmock-X.Y.Z.zip
    118 
    119 ### SVN Checkout ###
    120 
    121 To check out the main branch (also known as the "trunk") of Google
    122 Mock, run the following Subversion command:
    123 
    124   svn checkout http://googlemock.googlecode.com/svn/trunk/ gmock-svn
    125 
    126 If you are using a *nix system and plan to use the GNU Autotools build
    127 system to build Google Mock (described below), you'll need to
    128 configure it now.  Otherwise you are done with getting the source
    129 files.
    130 
    131 To prepare the Autotools build system, enter the target directory of
    132 the checkout command you used ('gmock-svn') and proceed with the
    133 following command:
    134 
    135   autoreconf -fvi
    136 
    137 Once you have completed this step, you are ready to build the library.
    138 Note that you should only need to complete this step once.  The
    139 subsequent 'make' invocations will automatically re-generate the bits
    140 of the build system that need to be changed.
    141 
    142 If your system uses older versions of the autotools, the above command
    143 will fail.  You may need to explicitly specify a version to use.  For
    144 instance, if you have both GNU Automake 1.4 and 1.9 installed and
    145 'automake' would invoke the 1.4, use instead:
    146 
    147   AUTOMAKE=automake-1.9 ACLOCAL=aclocal-1.9 autoreconf -fvi
    148 
    149 Make sure you're using the same version of automake and aclocal.
    150 
    151 Setting up the Build
    152 --------------------
    153 
    154 To build Google Mock and your tests that use it, you need to tell your
    155 build system where to find its headers and source files.  The exact
    156 way to do it depends on which build system you use, and is usually
    157 straightforward.
    158 
    159 ### Generic Build Instructions ###
    160 
    161 This section shows how you can integrate Google Mock into your
    162 existing build system.
    163 
    164 Suppose you put Google Mock in directory ${GMOCK_DIR} and Google Test
    165 in ${GTEST_DIR} (the latter is ${GMOCK_DIR}/gtest by default).  To
    166 build Google Mock, create a library build target (or a project as
    167 called by Visual Studio and Xcode) to compile
    168 
    169   ${GTEST_DIR}/src/gtest-all.cc and ${GMOCK_DIR}/src/gmock-all.cc
    170 
    171 with
    172 
    173   ${GTEST_DIR}/include, ${GTEST_DIR}, ${GMOCK_DIR}/include, and ${GMOCK_DIR}
    174 
    175 in the header search path.  Assuming a Linux-like system and gcc,
    176 something like the following will do:
    177 
    178   g++ -I${GTEST_DIR}/include -I${GTEST_DIR} -I${GMOCK_DIR}/include \
    179       -I${GMOCK_DIR} -c ${GTEST_DIR}/src/gtest-all.cc
    180   g++ -I${GTEST_DIR}/include -I${GTEST_DIR} -I${GMOCK_DIR}/include \
    181       -I${GMOCK_DIR} -c ${GMOCK_DIR}/src/gmock-all.cc
    182   ar -rv libgmock.a gtest-all.o gmock-all.o
    183 
    184 Next, you should compile your test source file with
    185 ${GTEST_DIR}/include and ${GMOCK_DIR}/include in the header search
    186 path, and link it with gmock and any other necessary libraries:
    187 
    188   g++ -I${GTEST_DIR}/include -I${GMOCK_DIR}/include \
    189       path/to/your_test.cc libgmock.a -o your_test
    190 
    191 As an example, the make/ directory contains a Makefile that you can
    192 use to build Google Mock on systems where GNU make is available
    193 (e.g. Linux, Mac OS X, and Cygwin).  It doesn't try to build Google
    194 Mock's own tests.  Instead, it just builds the Google Mock library and
    195 a sample test.  You can use it as a starting point for your own build
    196 script.
    197 
    198 If the default settings are correct for your environment, the
    199 following commands should succeed:
    200 
    201   cd ${GMOCK_DIR}/make
    202   make
    203   ./gmock_test
    204 
    205 If you see errors, try to tweak the contents of make/Makefile to make
    206 them go away.  There are instructions in make/Makefile on how to do
    207 it.
    208 
    209 ### Windows ###
    210 
    211 The msvc/2005 directory contains VC++ 2005 projects and the msvc/2010
    212 directory contains VC++ 2010 projects for building Google Mock and
    213 selected tests.
    214 
    215 Change to the appropriate directory and run "msbuild gmock.sln" to
    216 build the library and tests (or open the gmock.sln in the MSVC IDE).
    217 If you want to create your own project to use with Google Mock, you'll
    218 have to configure it to use the gmock_config propety sheet.  For that:
    219 
    220  * Open the Property Manager window (View | Other Windows | Property Manager)
    221  * Right-click on your project and select "Add Existing Property Sheet..."
    222  * Navigate to gmock_config.vsprops or gmock_config.props and select it.
    223  * In Project Properties | Configuration Properties | General | Additional
    224    Include Directories, type <path to Google Mock>/include.
    225 
    226 Tweaking Google Mock
    227 --------------------
    228 
    229 Google Mock can be used in diverse environments.  The default
    230 configuration may not work (or may not work well) out of the box in
    231 some environments.  However, you can easily tweak Google Mock by
    232 defining control macros on the compiler command line.  Generally,
    233 these macros are named like GTEST_XYZ and you define them to either 1
    234 or 0 to enable or disable a certain feature.
    235 
    236 We list the most frequently used macros below.  For a complete list,
    237 see file ${GTEST_DIR}/include/gtest/internal/gtest-port.h.
    238 
    239 ### Choosing a TR1 Tuple Library ###
    240 
    241 Google Mock uses the C++ Technical Report 1 (TR1) tuple library
    242 heavily.  Unfortunately TR1 tuple is not yet widely available with all
    243 compilers.  The good news is that Google Test 1.4.0+ implements a
    244 subset of TR1 tuple that's enough for Google Mock's need.  Google Mock
    245 will automatically use that implementation when the compiler doesn't
    246 provide TR1 tuple.
    247 
    248 Usually you don't need to care about which tuple library Google Test
    249 and Google Mock use.  However, if your project already uses TR1 tuple,
    250 you need to tell Google Test and Google Mock to use the same TR1 tuple
    251 library the rest of your project uses, or the two tuple
    252 implementations will clash.  To do that, add
    253 
    254   -DGTEST_USE_OWN_TR1_TUPLE=0
    255 
    256 to the compiler flags while compiling Google Test, Google Mock, and
    257 your tests.  If you want to force Google Test and Google Mock to use
    258 their own tuple library, just add
    259 
    260   -DGTEST_USE_OWN_TR1_TUPLE=1
    261 
    262 to the compiler flags instead.
    263 
    264 If you want to use Boost's TR1 tuple library with Google Mock, please
    265 refer to the Boost website (http://www.boost.org/) for how to obtain
    266 it and set it up.
    267 
    268 ### As a Shared Library (DLL) ###
    269 
    270 Google Mock is compact, so most users can build and link it as a static
    271 library for the simplicity.  Google Mock can be used as a DLL, but the
    272 same DLL must contain Google Test as well.  See Google Test's README
    273 file for instructions on how to set up necessary compiler settings.
    274 
    275 ### Tweaking Google Mock ###
    276 
    277 Most of Google Test's control macros apply to Google Mock as well.
    278 Please see file ${GTEST_DIR}/README for how to tweak them.
    279 
    280 Upgrading from an Earlier Version
    281 ---------------------------------
    282 
    283 We strive to keep Google Mock releases backward compatible.
    284 Sometimes, though, we have to make some breaking changes for the
    285 users' long-term benefits.  This section describes what you'll need to
    286 do if you are upgrading from an earlier version of Google Mock.
    287 
    288 ### Upgrading from 1.1.0 or Earlier ###
    289 
    290 You may need to explicitly enable or disable Google Test's own TR1
    291 tuple library.  See the instructions in section "Choosing a TR1 Tuple
    292 Library".
    293 
    294 ### Upgrading from 1.4.0 or Earlier ###
    295 
    296 On platforms where the pthread library is available, Google Test and
    297 Google Mock use it in order to be thread-safe.  For this to work, you
    298 may need to tweak your compiler and/or linker flags.  Please see the
    299 "Multi-threaded Tests" section in file ${GTEST_DIR}/README for what
    300 you may need to do.
    301 
    302 If you have custom matchers defined using MatcherInterface or
    303 MakePolymorphicMatcher(), you'll need to update their definitions to
    304 use the new matcher API [2].  Matchers defined using MATCHER() or
    305 MATCHER_P*() aren't affected.
    306 
    307   [2] http://code.google.com/p/googlemock/wiki/CookBook#Writing_New_Monomorphic_Matchers,
    308       http://code.google.com/p/googlemock/wiki/CookBook#Writing_New_Polymorphic_Matchers
    309 
    310 Developing Google Mock
    311 ----------------------
    312 
    313 This section discusses how to make your own changes to Google Mock.
    314 
    315 ### Testing Google Mock Itself ###
    316 
    317 To make sure your changes work as intended and don't break existing
    318 functionality, you'll want to compile and run Google Test's own tests.
    319 For that you'll need Autotools.  First, make sure you have followed
    320 the instructions in section "SVN Checkout" to configure Google Mock.
    321 Then, create a build output directory and enter it.  Next,
    322 
    323   ${GMOCK_DIR}/configure  # Standard GNU configure script, --help for more info
    324 
    325 Once you have successfully configured Google Mock, the build steps are
    326 standard for GNU-style OSS packages.
    327 
    328   make        # Standard makefile following GNU conventions
    329   make check  # Builds and runs all tests - all should pass.
    330 
    331 Note that when building your project against Google Mock, you are building
    332 against Google Test as well.  There is no need to configure Google Test
    333 separately.
    334 
    335 ### Regenerating Source Files ###
    336 
    337 Some of Google Mock's source files are generated from templates (not
    338 in the C++ sense) using a script.  A template file is named FOO.pump,
    339 where FOO is the name of the file it will generate.  For example, the
    340 file include/gmock/gmock-generated-actions.h.pump is used to generate
    341 gmock-generated-actions.h in the same directory.
    342 
    343 Normally you don't need to worry about regenerating the source files,
    344 unless you need to modify them.  In that case, you should modify the
    345 corresponding .pump files instead and run the 'pump' script (for Pump
    346 is Useful for Meta Programming) to regenerate them.  You can find
    347 pump.py in the ${GTEST_DIR}/scripts/ directory.  Read the Pump manual
    348 [3] for how to use it.
    349 
    350   [3] http://code.google.com/p/googletest/wiki/PumpManual.
    351 
    352 ### Contributing a Patch ###
    353 
    354 We welcome patches.  Please read the Google Mock developer's guide [4]
    355 for how you can contribute.  In particular, make sure you have signed
    356 the Contributor License Agreement, or we won't be able to accept the
    357 patch.
    358 
    359   [4] http://code.google.com/p/googlemock/wiki/DevGuide
    360 
    361 Happy testing!
    362