Home | History | Annotate | Download | only in libpcap
      1 /*
      2  * Copyright (c) 2011 Jakub Zawadzki
      3  * All rights reserved.
      4  *
      5  * Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
      6  * modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions
      7  * are met:
      8  *
      9  * 1. Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
     10  * notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
     11  * 2. Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above copyright
     12  * notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer in the
     13  * documentation and/or other materials provided with the distribution.
     14  * 3. The name of the author may not be used to endorse or promote
     15  * products derived from this software without specific prior written
     16  * permission.
     17  *
     18  * THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND CONTRIBUTORS
     19  * "AS IS" AND ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT
     20  * LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR
     21  * A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE COPYRIGHT
     22  * OWNER OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL,
     23  * SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT
     24  * LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE,
     25  * DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY
     26  * THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT
     27  * (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE
     28  * OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
     29  */
     30 
     31 #ifdef HAVE_CONFIG_H
     32 #include "config.h"
     33 #endif
     34 
     35 #include "pcap-int.h"
     36 
     37 #ifdef NEED_STRERROR_H
     38 #include "strerror.h"
     39 #endif
     40 
     41 #include <errno.h>
     42 #include <stdlib.h>
     43 #include <unistd.h>
     44 #include <string.h>
     45 #include <sys/socket.h>
     46 #include <arpa/inet.h>
     47 
     48 #include <time.h>
     49 #include <sys/time.h>
     50 #include <netinet/in.h>
     51 #include <linux/types.h>
     52 
     53 #include <linux/netlink.h>
     54 #include <linux/netfilter.h>
     55 #include <linux/netfilter/nfnetlink.h>
     56 #include <linux/netfilter/nfnetlink_log.h>
     57 #include <linux/netfilter/nfnetlink_queue.h>
     58 
     59 /* NOTE: if your program drops privilages after pcap_activate() it WON'T work with nfqueue.
     60  *       It took me quite some time to debug ;/
     61  *
     62  *       Sending any data to nfnetlink socket requires CAP_NET_ADMIN privilages,
     63  *       and in nfqueue we need to send verdict reply after recving packet.
     64  *
     65  *       In tcpdump you can disable dropping privilages with -Z root
     66  */
     67 
     68 #include "pcap-netfilter-linux.h"
     69 
     70 #define HDR_LENGTH (NLMSG_LENGTH(NLMSG_ALIGN(sizeof(struct nfgenmsg))))
     71 
     72 #define NFLOG_IFACE "nflog"
     73 #define NFQUEUE_IFACE "nfqueue"
     74 
     75 typedef enum { OTHER = -1, NFLOG, NFQUEUE } nftype_t;
     76 
     77 /*
     78  * Private data for capturing on Linux netfilter sockets.
     79  */
     80 struct pcap_netfilter {
     81 	u_int	packets_read;	/* count of packets read with recvfrom() */
     82 };
     83 
     84 static int nfqueue_send_verdict(const pcap_t *handle, u_int16_t group_id, u_int32_t id, u_int32_t verdict);
     85 
     86 static int
     87 netfilter_read_linux(pcap_t *handle, int max_packets, pcap_handler callback, u_char *user)
     88 {
     89 	struct pcap_netfilter *handlep = handle->priv;
     90 	const unsigned char *buf;
     91 	int count = 0;
     92 	int len;
     93 
     94 	/* ignore interrupt system call error */
     95 	do {
     96 		len = recv(handle->fd, handle->buffer, handle->bufsize, 0);
     97 		if (handle->break_loop) {
     98 			handle->break_loop = 0;
     99 			return -2;
    100 		}
    101 	} while ((len == -1) && (errno == EINTR));
    102 
    103 	if (len < 0) {
    104 		snprintf(handle->errbuf, PCAP_ERRBUF_SIZE, "Can't receive packet %d:%s", errno, pcap_strerror(errno));
    105 		return -1;
    106 	}
    107 
    108 	buf = handle->buffer;
    109 	while (len >= NLMSG_SPACE(0)) {
    110 		const struct nlmsghdr *nlh = (const struct nlmsghdr *) buf;
    111 		u_int32_t msg_len;
    112 		nftype_t type = OTHER;
    113 
    114 		if (nlh->nlmsg_len < sizeof(struct nlmsghdr) || len < nlh->nlmsg_len) {
    115 			snprintf(handle->errbuf, PCAP_ERRBUF_SIZE, "Message truncated: (got: %d) (nlmsg_len: %u)", len, nlh->nlmsg_len);
    116 			return -1;
    117 		}
    118 
    119 		if (NFNL_SUBSYS_ID(nlh->nlmsg_type) == NFNL_SUBSYS_ULOG &&
    120 			NFNL_MSG_TYPE(nlh->nlmsg_type) == NFULNL_MSG_PACKET)
    121 				type = NFLOG;
    122 
    123 		if (NFNL_SUBSYS_ID(nlh->nlmsg_type) == NFNL_SUBSYS_QUEUE &&
    124 			NFNL_MSG_TYPE(nlh->nlmsg_type) == NFQNL_MSG_PACKET)
    125 				type = NFQUEUE;
    126 
    127 		if (type != OTHER) {
    128 			const unsigned char *payload = NULL;
    129 			struct pcap_pkthdr pkth;
    130 
    131 			const struct nfgenmsg *nfg;
    132 			int id = 0;
    133 
    134 			if (handle->linktype != DLT_NFLOG) {
    135 				const struct nfattr *payload_attr = NULL;
    136 
    137 				if (nlh->nlmsg_len < HDR_LENGTH) {
    138 					snprintf(handle->errbuf, PCAP_ERRBUF_SIZE, "Malformed message: (nlmsg_len: %u)", nlh->nlmsg_len);
    139 					return -1;
    140 				}
    141 
    142 				nfg = NLMSG_DATA(nlh);
    143 				if (nlh->nlmsg_len > HDR_LENGTH) {
    144 					struct nfattr *attr = NFM_NFA(nfg);
    145 					int attr_len = nlh->nlmsg_len - NLMSG_ALIGN(HDR_LENGTH);
    146 
    147 					while (NFA_OK(attr, attr_len)) {
    148 						if (type == NFQUEUE) {
    149 							switch (NFA_TYPE(attr)) {
    150 								case NFQA_PACKET_HDR:
    151 									{
    152 										const struct nfqnl_msg_packet_hdr *pkt_hdr = (const struct nfqnl_msg_packet_hdr *) NFA_DATA(attr);
    153 
    154 										id = ntohl(pkt_hdr->packet_id);
    155 										break;
    156 									}
    157 								case NFQA_PAYLOAD:
    158 									payload_attr = attr;
    159 									break;
    160 							}
    161 
    162 						} else if (type == NFLOG) {
    163 							switch (NFA_TYPE(attr)) {
    164 								case NFULA_PAYLOAD:
    165 									payload_attr = attr;
    166 									break;
    167 							}
    168 						}
    169 						attr = NFA_NEXT(attr, attr_len);
    170 					}
    171 				}
    172 
    173 				if (payload_attr) {
    174 					payload = NFA_DATA(payload_attr);
    175 					pkth.len = pkth.caplen = NFA_PAYLOAD(payload_attr);
    176 				}
    177 
    178 			} else {
    179 				payload = NLMSG_DATA(nlh);
    180 				pkth.caplen = pkth.len = nlh->nlmsg_len-NLMSG_ALIGN(sizeof(struct nlmsghdr));
    181 			}
    182 
    183 			if (payload) {
    184 				/* pkth.caplen = min (payload_len, handle->snapshot); */
    185 
    186 				gettimeofday(&pkth.ts, NULL);
    187 				if (handle->fcode.bf_insns == NULL ||
    188 						bpf_filter(handle->fcode.bf_insns, payload, pkth.len, pkth.caplen))
    189 				{
    190 					handlep->packets_read++;
    191 					callback(user, &pkth, payload);
    192 					count++;
    193 				}
    194 			}
    195 
    196 			if (type == NFQUEUE) {
    197 				/* XXX, possible responses: NF_DROP, NF_ACCEPT, NF_STOLEN, NF_QUEUE, NF_REPEAT, NF_STOP */
    198 				nfqueue_send_verdict(handle, ntohs(nfg->res_id), id, NF_ACCEPT);
    199 			}
    200 		}
    201 
    202 		msg_len = NLMSG_ALIGN(nlh->nlmsg_len);
    203 		if (msg_len > len)
    204 			msg_len = len;
    205 
    206 		len -= msg_len;
    207 		buf += msg_len;
    208 	}
    209 	return count;
    210 }
    211 
    212 static int
    213 netfilter_set_datalink(pcap_t *handle, int dlt)
    214 {
    215 	handle->linktype = dlt;
    216 	return 0;
    217 }
    218 
    219 static int
    220 netfilter_stats_linux(pcap_t *handle, struct pcap_stat *stats)
    221 {
    222 	struct pcap_netfilter *handlep = handle->priv;
    223 
    224 	stats->ps_recv = handlep->packets_read;
    225 	stats->ps_drop = 0;
    226 	stats->ps_ifdrop = 0;
    227 	return 0;
    228 }
    229 
    230 static int
    231 netfilter_inject_linux(pcap_t *handle, const void *buf, size_t size)
    232 {
    233 	snprintf(handle->errbuf, PCAP_ERRBUF_SIZE, "inject not supported on netfilter devices");
    234 	return (-1);
    235 }
    236 
    237 struct my_nfattr {
    238 	u_int16_t nfa_len;
    239 	u_int16_t nfa_type;
    240 	void *data;
    241 };
    242 
    243 static int
    244 netfilter_send_config_msg(const pcap_t *handle, u_int16_t msg_type, int ack, u_int8_t family, u_int16_t res_id, const struct my_nfattr *mynfa)
    245 {
    246 	char buf[1024] __attribute__ ((aligned));
    247 
    248 	struct nlmsghdr *nlh = (struct nlmsghdr *) buf;
    249 	struct nfgenmsg *nfg = (struct nfgenmsg *) (buf + sizeof(struct nlmsghdr));
    250 
    251 	struct sockaddr_nl snl;
    252 	static unsigned int seq_id;
    253 
    254 	if (!seq_id)
    255 		seq_id = time(NULL);
    256 	++seq_id;
    257 
    258 	nlh->nlmsg_len = NLMSG_LENGTH(sizeof(struct nfgenmsg));
    259 	nlh->nlmsg_type = msg_type;
    260 	nlh->nlmsg_flags = NLM_F_REQUEST | (ack ? NLM_F_ACK : 0);
    261 	nlh->nlmsg_pid = 0;	/* to kernel */
    262 	nlh->nlmsg_seq = seq_id;
    263 
    264 	nfg->nfgen_family = family;
    265 	nfg->version = NFNETLINK_V0;
    266 	nfg->res_id = htons(res_id);
    267 
    268 	if (mynfa) {
    269 		struct nfattr *nfa = (struct nfattr *) (buf + NLMSG_ALIGN(nlh->nlmsg_len));
    270 
    271 		nfa->nfa_type = mynfa->nfa_type;
    272 		nfa->nfa_len = NFA_LENGTH(mynfa->nfa_len);
    273 		memcpy(NFA_DATA(nfa), mynfa->data, mynfa->nfa_len);
    274 		nlh->nlmsg_len = NLMSG_ALIGN(nlh->nlmsg_len) + NFA_ALIGN(nfa->nfa_len);
    275 	}
    276 
    277 	memset(&snl, 0, sizeof(snl));
    278 	snl.nl_family = AF_NETLINK;
    279 
    280 	if (sendto(handle->fd, nlh, nlh->nlmsg_len, 0, (struct sockaddr *) &snl, sizeof(snl)) == -1)
    281 		return -1;
    282 
    283 	if (!ack)
    284 		return 0;
    285 
    286 	/* waiting for reply loop */
    287 	do {
    288 		socklen_t addrlen = sizeof(snl);
    289 		int len;
    290 
    291 		/* ignore interrupt system call error */
    292 		do {
    293 			len = recvfrom(handle->fd, buf, sizeof(buf), 0, (struct sockaddr *) &snl, &addrlen);
    294 		} while ((len == -1) && (errno == EINTR));
    295 
    296 		if (len <= 0)
    297 			return len;
    298 
    299 		if (addrlen != sizeof(snl) || snl.nl_family != AF_NETLINK) {
    300 			errno = EINVAL;
    301 			return -1;
    302 		}
    303 
    304 		nlh = (struct nlmsghdr *) buf;
    305 		if (snl.nl_pid != 0 || seq_id != nlh->nlmsg_seq)	/* if not from kernel or wrong sequence skip */
    306 			continue;
    307 
    308 		while (len >= NLMSG_SPACE(0) && NLMSG_OK(nlh, len)) {
    309 			if (nlh->nlmsg_type == NLMSG_ERROR || (nlh->nlmsg_type == NLMSG_DONE && nlh->nlmsg_flags & NLM_F_MULTI)) {
    310 				if (nlh->nlmsg_len < NLMSG_ALIGN(sizeof(struct nlmsgerr))) {
    311 					errno = EBADMSG;
    312 					return -1;
    313 				}
    314 				errno = -(*((int *)NLMSG_DATA(nlh)));
    315 				return (errno == 0) ? 0 : -1;
    316 			}
    317 			nlh = NLMSG_NEXT(nlh, len);
    318 		}
    319 	} while (1);
    320 
    321 	return -1; /* never here */
    322 }
    323 
    324 static int
    325 nflog_send_config_msg(const pcap_t *handle, u_int8_t family, u_int16_t group_id, const struct my_nfattr *mynfa)
    326 {
    327 	return netfilter_send_config_msg(handle, (NFNL_SUBSYS_ULOG << 8) | NFULNL_MSG_CONFIG, 1, family, group_id, mynfa);
    328 }
    329 
    330 static int
    331 nflog_send_config_cmd(const pcap_t *handle, u_int16_t group_id, u_int8_t cmd, u_int8_t family)
    332 {
    333 	struct nfulnl_msg_config_cmd msg;
    334 	struct my_nfattr nfa;
    335 
    336 	msg.command = cmd;
    337 
    338 	nfa.data = &msg;
    339 	nfa.nfa_type = NFULA_CFG_CMD;
    340 	nfa.nfa_len = sizeof(msg);
    341 
    342 	return nflog_send_config_msg(handle, family, group_id, &nfa);
    343 }
    344 
    345 static int
    346 nflog_send_config_mode(const pcap_t *handle, u_int16_t group_id, u_int8_t copy_mode, u_int32_t copy_range)
    347 {
    348 	struct nfulnl_msg_config_mode msg;
    349 	struct my_nfattr nfa;
    350 
    351 	msg.copy_range = htonl(copy_range);
    352 	msg.copy_mode = copy_mode;
    353 
    354 	nfa.data = &msg;
    355 	nfa.nfa_type = NFULA_CFG_MODE;
    356 	nfa.nfa_len = sizeof(msg);
    357 
    358 	return nflog_send_config_msg(handle, AF_UNSPEC, group_id, &nfa);
    359 }
    360 
    361 static int
    362 nfqueue_send_verdict(const pcap_t *handle, u_int16_t group_id, u_int32_t id, u_int32_t verdict)
    363 {
    364 	struct nfqnl_msg_verdict_hdr msg;
    365 	struct my_nfattr nfa;
    366 
    367 	msg.id = htonl(id);
    368 	msg.verdict = htonl(verdict);
    369 
    370 	nfa.data = &msg;
    371 	nfa.nfa_type = NFQA_VERDICT_HDR;
    372 	nfa.nfa_len = sizeof(msg);
    373 
    374 	return netfilter_send_config_msg(handle, (NFNL_SUBSYS_QUEUE << 8) | NFQNL_MSG_VERDICT, 0, AF_UNSPEC, group_id, &nfa);
    375 }
    376 
    377 static int
    378 nfqueue_send_config_msg(const pcap_t *handle, u_int8_t family, u_int16_t group_id, const struct my_nfattr *mynfa)
    379 {
    380 	return netfilter_send_config_msg(handle, (NFNL_SUBSYS_QUEUE << 8) | NFQNL_MSG_CONFIG, 1, family, group_id, mynfa);
    381 }
    382 
    383 static int
    384 nfqueue_send_config_cmd(const pcap_t *handle, u_int16_t group_id, u_int8_t cmd, u_int16_t pf)
    385 {
    386 	struct nfqnl_msg_config_cmd msg;
    387 	struct my_nfattr nfa;
    388 
    389 	msg.command = cmd;
    390 	msg.pf = htons(pf);
    391 
    392 	nfa.data = &msg;
    393 	nfa.nfa_type = NFQA_CFG_CMD;
    394 	nfa.nfa_len = sizeof(msg);
    395 
    396 	return nfqueue_send_config_msg(handle, AF_UNSPEC, group_id, &nfa);
    397 }
    398 
    399 static int
    400 nfqueue_send_config_mode(const pcap_t *handle, u_int16_t group_id, u_int8_t copy_mode, u_int32_t copy_range)
    401 {
    402 	struct nfqnl_msg_config_params msg;
    403 	struct my_nfattr nfa;
    404 
    405 	msg.copy_range = htonl(copy_range);
    406 	msg.copy_mode = copy_mode;
    407 
    408 	nfa.data = &msg;
    409 	nfa.nfa_type = NFQA_CFG_PARAMS;
    410 	nfa.nfa_len = sizeof(msg);
    411 
    412 	return nfqueue_send_config_msg(handle, AF_UNSPEC, group_id, &nfa);
    413 }
    414 
    415 static int
    416 netfilter_activate(pcap_t* handle)
    417 {
    418 	const char *dev = handle->opt.source;
    419 	unsigned short groups[32];
    420 	int group_count = 0;
    421 	nftype_t type = OTHER;
    422 	int i;
    423 
    424  	if (strncmp(dev, NFLOG_IFACE, strlen(NFLOG_IFACE)) == 0) {
    425  		dev += strlen(NFLOG_IFACE);
    426 		type = NFLOG;
    427 
    428 	} else if (strncmp(dev, NFQUEUE_IFACE, strlen(NFQUEUE_IFACE)) == 0) {
    429 		dev += strlen(NFQUEUE_IFACE);
    430 		type = NFQUEUE;
    431 	}
    432 
    433 	if (type != OTHER && *dev == ':') {
    434 		dev++;
    435 		while (*dev) {
    436 			long int group_id;
    437 			char *end_dev;
    438 
    439 			if (group_count == 32) {
    440 				snprintf(handle->errbuf, PCAP_ERRBUF_SIZE,
    441 						"Maximum 32 netfilter groups! dev: %s",
    442 						handle->opt.source);
    443 				return PCAP_ERROR;
    444 			}
    445 
    446 			group_id = strtol(dev, &end_dev, 0);
    447 			if (end_dev != dev) {
    448 				if (group_id < 0 || group_id > 65535) {
    449 					snprintf(handle->errbuf, PCAP_ERRBUF_SIZE,
    450 							"Netfilter group range from 0 to 65535 (got %ld)",
    451 							group_id);
    452 					return PCAP_ERROR;
    453 				}
    454 
    455 				groups[group_count++] = (unsigned short) group_id;
    456 				dev = end_dev;
    457 			}
    458 			if (*dev != ',')
    459 				break;
    460 			dev++;
    461 		}
    462 	}
    463 
    464 	if (type == OTHER || *dev) {
    465 		snprintf(handle->errbuf, PCAP_ERRBUF_SIZE,
    466 				"Can't get netfilter group(s) index from %s",
    467 				handle->opt.source);
    468 		return PCAP_ERROR;
    469 	}
    470 
    471 	/* if no groups, add default: 0 */
    472 	if (!group_count) {
    473 		groups[0] = 0;
    474 		group_count = 1;
    475 	}
    476 
    477 	/* Initialize some components of the pcap structure. */
    478 	handle->bufsize = 128 + handle->snapshot;
    479 	handle->offset = 0;
    480 	handle->read_op = netfilter_read_linux;
    481 	handle->inject_op = netfilter_inject_linux;
    482 	handle->setfilter_op = install_bpf_program; /* no kernel filtering */
    483 	handle->setdirection_op = NULL;
    484 	handle->set_datalink_op = netfilter_set_datalink;
    485 	handle->getnonblock_op = pcap_getnonblock_fd;
    486 	handle->setnonblock_op = pcap_setnonblock_fd;
    487 	handle->stats_op = netfilter_stats_linux;
    488 
    489 	/* Create netlink socket */
    490 	handle->fd = socket(AF_NETLINK, SOCK_RAW, NETLINK_NETFILTER);
    491 	if (handle->fd < 0) {
    492 		snprintf(handle->errbuf, PCAP_ERRBUF_SIZE, "Can't create raw socket %d:%s", errno, pcap_strerror(errno));
    493 		return PCAP_ERROR;
    494 	}
    495 
    496 	if (type == NFLOG) {
    497 		handle->linktype = DLT_NFLOG;
    498 		handle->dlt_list = (u_int *) malloc(sizeof(u_int) * 2);
    499 		if (handle->dlt_list != NULL) {
    500 			handle->dlt_list[0] = DLT_NFLOG;
    501 			handle->dlt_list[1] = DLT_IPV4;
    502 			handle->dlt_count = 2;
    503 		}
    504 
    505 	} else
    506 		handle->linktype = DLT_IPV4;
    507 
    508 	handle->buffer = malloc(handle->bufsize);
    509 	if (!handle->buffer) {
    510 		snprintf(handle->errbuf, PCAP_ERRBUF_SIZE, "Can't allocate dump buffer: %s", pcap_strerror(errno));
    511 		goto close_fail;
    512 	}
    513 
    514 	if (type == NFLOG) {
    515 		if (nflog_send_config_cmd(handle, 0, NFULNL_CFG_CMD_PF_UNBIND, AF_INET) < 0) {
    516 			snprintf(handle->errbuf, PCAP_ERRBUF_SIZE, "NFULNL_CFG_CMD_PF_UNBIND: %s", pcap_strerror(errno));
    517 			goto close_fail;
    518 		}
    519 
    520 		if (nflog_send_config_cmd(handle, 0, NFULNL_CFG_CMD_PF_BIND, AF_INET) < 0) {
    521 			snprintf(handle->errbuf, PCAP_ERRBUF_SIZE, "NFULNL_CFG_CMD_PF_BIND: %s", pcap_strerror(errno));
    522 			goto close_fail;
    523 		}
    524 
    525 		/* Bind socket to the nflog groups */
    526 		for (i = 0; i < group_count; i++) {
    527 			if (nflog_send_config_cmd(handle, groups[i], NFULNL_CFG_CMD_BIND, AF_UNSPEC) < 0) {
    528 				snprintf(handle->errbuf, PCAP_ERRBUF_SIZE, "Can't listen on group group index: %s", pcap_strerror(errno));
    529 				goto close_fail;
    530 			}
    531 
    532 			if (nflog_send_config_mode(handle, groups[i], NFULNL_COPY_PACKET, handle->snapshot) < 0) {
    533 				snprintf(handle->errbuf, PCAP_ERRBUF_SIZE, "NFULNL_COPY_PACKET: %s", pcap_strerror(errno));
    534 				goto close_fail;
    535 			}
    536 		}
    537 
    538 	} else {
    539 		if (nfqueue_send_config_cmd(handle, 0, NFQNL_CFG_CMD_PF_UNBIND, AF_INET) < 0) {
    540 			snprintf(handle->errbuf, PCAP_ERRBUF_SIZE, "NFQNL_CFG_CMD_PF_UNBIND: %s", pcap_strerror(errno));
    541 			goto close_fail;
    542 		}
    543 
    544 		if (nfqueue_send_config_cmd(handle, 0, NFQNL_CFG_CMD_PF_BIND, AF_INET) < 0) {
    545 			snprintf(handle->errbuf, PCAP_ERRBUF_SIZE, "NFQNL_CFG_CMD_PF_BIND: %s", pcap_strerror(errno));
    546 			goto close_fail;
    547 		}
    548 
    549 		/* Bind socket to the nfqueue groups */
    550 		for (i = 0; i < group_count; i++) {
    551 			if (nfqueue_send_config_cmd(handle, groups[i], NFQNL_CFG_CMD_BIND, AF_UNSPEC) < 0) {
    552 				snprintf(handle->errbuf, PCAP_ERRBUF_SIZE, "Can't listen on group group index: %s", pcap_strerror(errno));
    553 				goto close_fail;
    554 			}
    555 
    556 			if (nfqueue_send_config_mode(handle, groups[i], NFQNL_COPY_PACKET, handle->snapshot) < 0) {
    557 				snprintf(handle->errbuf, PCAP_ERRBUF_SIZE, "NFQNL_COPY_PACKET: %s", pcap_strerror(errno));
    558 				goto close_fail;
    559 			}
    560 		}
    561 	}
    562 
    563 	if (handle->opt.rfmon) {
    564 		/*
    565 		 * Monitor mode doesn't apply to netfilter devices.
    566 		 */
    567 		pcap_cleanup_live_common(handle);
    568 		return PCAP_ERROR_RFMON_NOTSUP;
    569 	}
    570 
    571 	if (handle->opt.buffer_size != 0) {
    572 		/*
    573 		 * Set the socket buffer size to the specified value.
    574 		 */
    575 		if (setsockopt(handle->fd, SOL_SOCKET, SO_RCVBUF, &handle->opt.buffer_size, sizeof(handle->opt.buffer_size)) == -1) {
    576 			snprintf(handle->errbuf, PCAP_ERRBUF_SIZE, "SO_RCVBUF: %s", pcap_strerror(errno));
    577 			goto close_fail;
    578 		}
    579 	}
    580 
    581 	handle->selectable_fd = handle->fd;
    582 	return 0;
    583 
    584 close_fail:
    585 	pcap_cleanup_live_common(handle);
    586 	return PCAP_ERROR;
    587 }
    588 
    589 pcap_t *
    590 netfilter_create(const char *device, char *ebuf, int *is_ours)
    591 {
    592 	const char *cp;
    593 	pcap_t *p;
    594 
    595 	/* Does this look like an netfilter device? */
    596 	cp = strrchr(device, '/');
    597 	if (cp == NULL)
    598 		cp = device;
    599 
    600 	/* Does it begin with NFLOG_IFACE or NFQUEUE_IFACE? */
    601 	if (strncmp(cp, NFLOG_IFACE, sizeof NFLOG_IFACE - 1) == 0)
    602 		cp += sizeof NFLOG_IFACE - 1;
    603 	else if (strncmp(cp, NFQUEUE_IFACE, sizeof NFQUEUE_IFACE - 1) == 0)
    604 		cp += sizeof NFQUEUE_IFACE - 1;
    605 	else {
    606 		/* Nope, doesn't begin with NFLOG_IFACE nor NFQUEUE_IFACE */
    607 		*is_ours = 0;
    608 		return NULL;
    609 	}
    610 
    611 	/*
    612 	 * Yes - is that either the end of the name, or is it followed
    613 	 * by a colon?
    614 	 */
    615 	if (*cp != ':' && *cp != '\0') {
    616 		/* Nope */
    617 		*is_ours = 0;
    618 		return NULL;
    619 	}
    620 
    621 	/* OK, it's probably ours. */
    622 	*is_ours = 1;
    623 
    624 	p = pcap_create_common(device, ebuf, sizeof (struct pcap_netfilter));
    625 	if (p == NULL)
    626 		return (NULL);
    627 
    628 	p->activate_op = netfilter_activate;
    629 	return (p);
    630 }
    631 
    632 int
    633 netfilter_findalldevs(pcap_if_t **alldevsp, char *err_str)
    634 {
    635 	int sock;
    636 
    637 	sock = socket(AF_NETLINK, SOCK_RAW, NETLINK_NETFILTER);
    638 	if (sock < 0) {
    639 		/* if netlink is not supported this is not fatal */
    640 		if (errno == EAFNOSUPPORT || errno == EPROTONOSUPPORT)
    641 			return 0;
    642 		snprintf(err_str, PCAP_ERRBUF_SIZE, "Can't open netlink socket %d:%s",
    643 			errno, pcap_strerror(errno));
    644 		return -1;
    645 	}
    646 	close(sock);
    647 
    648 	if (pcap_add_if(alldevsp, NFLOG_IFACE, 0, "Linux netfilter log (NFLOG) interface", err_str) < 0)
    649 		return -1;
    650 	if (pcap_add_if(alldevsp, NFQUEUE_IFACE, 0, "Linux netfilter queue (NFQUEUE) interface", err_str) < 0)
    651 		return -1;
    652 	return 0;
    653 }
    654