guide/components/fragments.jd

page.title=
parent.title=
parent.link=activities.html
@jd:body

<div id="qv-wrapper">
<div id="qv">
  <h2> </h2>
  <ol>
    <li><a href="#Design"> </a></li>
    <li><a href="#Creating"> </a>
      <ol>
        <li><a href="#UI">  </a></li>
        <li><a href="#Adding">   </a></li>
      </ol>
    </li>
    <li><a href="#Managing"> </a></li>
    <li><a href="#Transactions">   </a></li>
    <li><a href="#CommunicatingWithActivity">  </a>
      <ol>
        <li><a href="#EventCallbacks">     </a></li>
        <li><a href="#ActionBar">    </a></li>
      </ol>
    </li>
    <li><a href="#Lifecycle">   </a>
      <ol>
        <li><a href="#CoordinatingWithActivity">    </a></li>
      </ol>
    </li>
    <li><a href="#Example">:</a></li>
  </ol>

  <h2> </h2>
  <ol>
    <li>{@link android.app.Fragment}</li>
    <li>{@link android.app.FragmentManager}</li>
    <li>{@link android.app.FragmentTransaction}</li>
  </ol>

  <h2>. :</h2>
  <ol>
    <li><a href="{@docRoot}training/basics/fragments/index.html">      </a></li>
    <li><a href="{@docRoot}guide/practices/tablets-and-handsets.html">
 </a></li>
  </ol>
</div>
</div>

<p> ( {@link android.app.Fragment})
( {@link android.app.Activity}).
         .
   .           .  ,
         .     ,
     .</p>

<p>      ,
   . ,   ,
  ,    ,    .
  (   <em></em> <a href="{@docRoot}guide/components/activities.html#Lifecycle"> </a>),
   ,     .
  ,         ,
.
    .          (    ),
  <em></em>.</p>

<p>      ,     {@link
android.view.ViewGroup}
 .
        .
     {@code &lt;fragment&gt;}
 {@link android.view.ViewGroup}   . ,
 .
.</p>

<p>   ,   ,  .  , ,
     ,        ,
        ,
    . .</p>


<h2 id="Design"> </h2>

<p>    Android  3.0 (API  11),  ,
        , ,  .
  ,   ,
   .    ,
    .     ,
              ,
  .</p>

<p>,           ,
 &mdash;   .
     ,
   .  ,       ,
    ,
,   ,   1.</p>

<p>          .
              ,
     .          ,
     .   ,
         .
     ,   ,
 ,           . ,
            ,
          .</p>

<img src="{@docRoot}images/fundamentals/fragments.png" alt="" />
<p class="img-caption"><strong> 1.</strong>  ,     ,
,          ,
.</p>

<p>     .
 ,   <em> </em>,      .
      ,   <em> </em>
    .    ,
<em> </em>,      .  ,
  ,          ,
1.</p>

<p>
      <a href="{@docRoot}guide/practices/tablets-and-handsets.html">   </a></p>


<h2 id="Creating"> </h2>

<div class="figure" style="width:327px">
<img src="{@docRoot}images/fragment_lifecycle.png" alt="" />
<p class="img-caption"><strong> 2.</strong>    (
 )</p>
</div>

<p>       {@link android.app.Fragment} (
).  {@link android.app.Fragment}  ,
 {@link android.app.Activity}.     ,   ,
 {@link android.app.Fragment#onCreate onCreate()}, {@link android.app.Fragment#onStart onStart()},
{@link android.app.Fragment#onPause onPause()}  {@link android.app.Fragment#onStop onStop()}.  ,
     Android ,     ,

.</p>

<p> ,      :</p>

<dl>
  <dt>{@link android.app.Fragment#onCreate onCreate()}</dt>
  <dd>   ,   .
   ,   ,
    .</dd>
  <dt>{@link android.app.Fragment#onCreateView onCreateView()}</dt>
  <dd>
 .            {@link android.view.View},
     .      ,
 null.</dd>
  <dt>{@link android.app.Activity#onPause onPause()}</dt>
  <dd>       ,
 (     ).
   ,           (
    ).</dd>
</dl>

<p>        ,  ,   .
   ,
.
 <a href="#Lifecycle">   </a>.</p>


<p>   , , ,       {@link
android.app.Fragment}:</p>

<dl>
  <dt>{@link android.app.DialogFragment}</dt>
  <dd>   .
      {@link android.app.Activity}.   ,
           ,
      .</dd>

  <dt>{@link android.app.ListFragment}</dt>
  <dd>  ,   (, {@link
android.widget.SimpleCursorAdapter}),   {@link android.app.ListActivity}.
     , ,    {@link
android.app.ListFragment#onListItemClick(ListView,View,int,long) onListItemClick()}
 .</dd>

  <dt>{@link android.preference.PreferenceFragment}</dt>
  <dd>   {@link android.preference.Preference}   ,
{@link android.preference.PreferenceActivity}.   ,
 .</dd>
</dl>


<h3 id="UI">  </h3>

<p>       ,
 .</p>

<p>    ,       {@link
android.app.Fragment#onCreateView onCreateView()},   Android ,
       .
{@link android.view.View},      . </p>

<p class="note"><strong>.</strong>      {@link
android.app.ListFragment},      {@link android.widget.ListView}
 {@link android.app.Fragment#onCreateView onCreateView()},      .</p>

<p>     {@link
android.app.Fragment#onCreateView onCreateView()},      <a href="{@docRoot}guide/topics/resources/layout-resource.html"> </a>,   XML-.
   {@link android.app.Fragment#onCreateView onCreateView()}
{@link android.view.LayoutInflater}.</p>

<p>,    {@link android.app.Fragment},
{@code example_fragment.xml},   :</p>

<pre>
public static class ExampleFragment extends Fragment {
    &#64;Override
    public View onCreateView(LayoutInflater inflater, ViewGroup container,
                             Bundle savedInstanceState) {
        // Inflate the layout for this fragment
        return inflater.inflate(R.layout.example_fragment, container, false);
    }
}
</pre>

<div class="sidebox-wrapper">
<div class="sidebox">
  <h3> </h3>
  <p>    {@code R.layout.example_fragment}
  {@code example_fragment.xml},    .
   XML .   <a href="{@docRoot}guide/topics/ui/index.html"> </a>.
</p>
</div>
</div>

<p> {@code container},   {@link android.app.Fragment#onCreateView
onCreateView()},    {@link android.view.ViewGroup} (  ),

.  {@code savedInstanceState}   {@link android.os.Bundle},

(      <a href="#Lifecycle">
  </a>).</p>

<p> {@link android.view.LayoutInflater#inflate(int,ViewGroup,boolean) inflate()}
 :</p>
<ul>
  <li>  ,    .</li>
  <li>  {@link android.view.ViewGroup},        .   {@code
container}   ,
 ,   ,    .</li>
  <li> , ,       {@link
android.view.ViewGroup} ( )   . (
false,          {@code
container},   true        ).</li>
</ul>

<p> ,   ,  .
  .</p>


<h3 id="Adding">   </h3>

<p> ,       ,
    .
:</p>

<ul>
  <li><b>     .</b>
<p>
    ,     . ,
      :</p>
<pre>
&lt;?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?&gt;
&lt;LinearLayout xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android"
    android:orientation="horizontal"
    android:layout_width="match_parent"
    android:layout_height="match_parent"&gt;
    &lt;fragment android:name="com.example.news.ArticleListFragment"
            android:id="@+id/list"
            android:layout_weight="1"
            android:layout_width="0dp"
            android:layout_height="match_parent" /&gt;
    &lt;fragment android:name="com.example.news.ArticleReaderFragment"
            android:id="@+id/viewer"
            android:layout_weight="2"
            android:layout_width="0dp"
            android:layout_height="match_parent" /&gt;
&lt;/LinearLayout&gt;
</pre>
  <p> {@code android:name}   {@code &lt;fragment&gt;}   {@link
android.app.Fragment},     .</p>

<p>     ,     ,   ,
     {@link android.app.Fragment#onCreateView onCreateView()},
    .    {@link android.view.View},
 ,    {@code &lt;fragment&gt;}.</p>

<div class="note">
  <p><strong>.</strong>      ,
         . (  ,
       , ,   ).
    :</p>
  <ul>
    <li>  {@code android:id}   ;</li>
    <li>  {@code android:tag}   ;</li>
    <li>  ,
.</li>
  </ul>
</div>
  </li>

  <li><b>  ,      {@link android.view.ViewGroup}.</b>
<p>           .
    {@link
android.view.ViewGroup},     .</p>
  <p>       (  ,
)   API-  {@link android.app.FragmentTransaction}.
  {@link android.app.FragmentTransaction}     {@link android.app.Activity}  :</p>

<pre>
FragmentManager fragmentManager = {@link android.app.Activity#getFragmentManager()}
FragmentTransaction fragmentTransaction = fragmentManager.{@link android.app.FragmentManager#beginTransaction()};
</pre>

<p>      {@link
android.app.FragmentTransaction#add(int,Fragment) add()},
,      . :</p>

<pre>
ExampleFragment fragment = new ExampleFragment();
fragmentTransaction.add(R.id.fragment_container, fragment);
fragmentTransaction.commit();
</pre>

  <p> ,   {@link android.app.FragmentTransaction#add(int,Fragment) add()},
    {@link android.view.ViewGroup}  ,
 .    ,   .</p>
  <p>
{@link android.app.FragmentTransaction},
  {@link android.app.FragmentTransaction#commit},     .</p>
  </li>
</ul>


<h4 id="AddingWithoutUI"> ,    </h4>

<p>,  , ,         .
          -
 .</p>

<p>     ,    ,   {@link
android.app.FragmentTransaction#add(Fragment,String)} (
   ).   , ,
    ,       {@link
android.app.Fragment#onCreateView onCreateView()}.       .</p>

<p>         ,
    ,   . ,
  ,        .
,     {@link android.app.FragmentManager#findFragmentByTag
findFragmentByTag()}.</p>

<p> ,      ,   ,     {@code
FragmentRetainInstance.java},      SDK (
Android SDK Manager).
<code>&lt;sdk_root&gt;/APIDemos/app/src/main/java/com/example/android/apis/app/FragmentRetainInstance.java</code>.</p>


<h2 id="Managing"> </h2>

<p>       {@link android.app.FragmentManager}.   ,
    {@link android.app.Activity#getFragmentManager()}   .</p>

<p>  ,   {@link android.app.FragmentManager}:</p>

<ul>
  <li> ,   ,    {@link
android.app.FragmentManager#findFragmentById findFragmentById()} ( ,
  )  {@link android.app.FragmentManager#findFragmentByTag
findFragmentByTag()} (  ,   ,      );</li>
  <li>       {@link
android.app.FragmentManager#popBackStack()} (   <em></em> );</li>
  <li> -         {@link
android.app.FragmentManager#addOnBackStackChangedListener addOnBackStackChangedListener()}.</li>
</ul>

<p>            {@link
android.app.FragmentManager}.</p>

<p>     ,    {@link android.app.FragmentManager}
  {@link android.app.FragmentTransaction},      , ,
  .</p>


<h2 id="Transactions">   </h2>

<p>        , ,
         .   ,
  ,  .      API-  {@link
android.app.FragmentTransaction}.        ,
  .          (
  ).</p>

<p>  {@link android.app.FragmentTransaction}    {@link
android.app.FragmentManager}, , :</p>

<pre>
FragmentManager fragmentManager = {@link android.app.Activity#getFragmentManager()};
FragmentTransaction fragmentTransaction = fragmentManager.{@link android.app.FragmentManager#beginTransaction()};
</pre>

<p>    ,  .
 ,       ,   {@link
android.app.FragmentTransaction#add add()}, {@link android.app.FragmentTransaction#remove remove()}
 {@link android.app.FragmentTransaction#replace replace()}. ,
 ,    {@link android.app.FragmentTransaction#commit()}.</p>
</dl>

<p>,   {@link
android.app.FragmentTransaction#commit()}        {@link
android.app.FragmentTransaction#addToBackStack addToBackStack()},
      .      ,
     ,   <em></em>.</p>

<p>,   ,      ,
    :</p>

<pre>
// Create new fragment and transaction
Fragment newFragment = new ExampleFragment();
FragmentTransaction transaction = getFragmentManager().beginTransaction();

// Replace whatever is in the fragment_container view with this fragment,
// and add the transaction to the back stack
transaction.replace(R.id.fragment_container, newFragment);
transaction.addToBackStack(null);

// Commit the transaction
transaction.commit();
</pre>

<p>    {@code newFragment}   (  ),
 ,     {@code R.id.fragment_container}.     {@link
android.app.FragmentTransaction#addToBackStack addToBackStack()}
    ,
 ,   <em></em>.</p>

<p>      (,    {@link
android.app.FragmentTransaction#add add()}  {@link android.app.FragmentTransaction#remove
remove()}),    {@link
android.app.FragmentTransaction#addToBackStack addToBackStack()},  ,
 {@link android.app.FragmentTransaction#commit commit()},
     ,  <em></em>    .</p>

<p>     {@link android.app.FragmentTransaction}
   :</p>
<ul>
  <li> {@link android.app.FragmentTransaction#commit()}      ;</li>
  <li>      ,
  ,       .</li>
</ul>

<p>   ,  ,    {@link android.app.FragmentTransaction#addToBackStack(String)
addToBackStack()},
,       .    ,
 {@link android.app.FragmentTransaction#addToBackStack(String) addToBackStack()}
 ,     <em></em>   ,
 .</p>

<p class="note"><strong>.</strong>
,  {@link android.app.FragmentTransaction#setTransition setTransition()}
.</p>

<p>  {@link android.app.FragmentTransaction#commit()}
 .          (  ),
     . ,     {@link
android.app.FragmentManager#executePendingTransactions()}    ,
,   {@link android.app.FragmentTransaction#commit()}   .  ,
   ,   ,         .</p>

<p class="caution"><strong>!</strong>    {@link
android.app.FragmentTransaction#commit commit()}    ,  <a href="{@docRoot}guide/components/activities.html#SavingActivityState">
</a> ( ,    ).
  .   ,       ,
 .  ,      ,   {@link
android.app.FragmentTransaction#commitAllowingStateLoss()}.</p>


<h2 id="CommunicatingWithActivity">  </h2>

<p> {@link android.app.Fragment}   ,
 {@link android.app.Activity},       ,
      .</p>

<p> ,      {@link android.app.Activity}    {@link
android.app.Fragment#getActivity()}      ,
:</p>

<pre>
View listView = {@link android.app.Fragment#getActivity()}.{@link android.app.Activity#findViewById findViewById}(R.id.list);
</pre>

<p>      ,
{@link android.app.Fragment}  {@link android.app.FragmentManager}    {@link
android.app.FragmentManager#findFragmentById findFragmentById()}  {@link
android.app.FragmentManager#findFragmentByTag findFragmentByTag()}. :</p>

<pre>
ExampleFragment fragment = (ExampleFragment) getFragmentManager().findFragmentById(R.id.example_fragment);
</pre>


<h3 id="EventCallbacks">     </h3>

<p>   ,       .
  ,
 .        ,
      .</p>

<p>, ,         :
 ( A),  &mdash;   ( B).   A
  ,    ,      B    .
   {@code OnArticleSelectedListener}    A:</p>

<pre>
public static class FragmentA extends ListFragment {
    ...
    // Container Activity must implement this interface
    public interface OnArticleSelectedListener {
        public void onArticleSelected(Uri articleUri);
    }
    ...
}
</pre>

<p> ,   ,   {@code OnArticleSelectedListener}

 {@code onArticleSelected()},    B  ,    A.
     ,    {@link
android.app.Fragment#onAttach onAttach()}   A (
  )    {@code OnArticleSelectedListener},
   {@link android.app.Activity},    {@link android.app.Fragment#onAttach
onAttach()}:</p>

<pre>
public static class FragmentA extends ListFragment {
    OnArticleSelectedListener mListener;
    ...
    &#64;Override
    public void onAttach(Activity activity) {
        super.onAttach(activity);
        try {
            mListener = (OnArticleSelectedListener) activity;
        } catch (ClassCastException e) {
            throw new ClassCastException(activity.toString() + " must implement OnArticleSelectedListener");
        }
    }
    ...
}
</pre>

<p>    ,
{@link java.lang.ClassCastException}.
    {@code mListener}
{@code OnArticleSelectedListener}  ,   A
   ,  ,   {@code OnArticleSelectedListener}. ,   A
 {@link android.app.ListFragment},   ,
    ,   {@link android.app.ListFragment#onListItemClick
onListItemClick()}  .  ,   ,   {@code onArticleSelected()},
   :</p>

<pre>
public static class FragmentA extends ListFragment {
    OnArticleSelectedListener mListener;
    ...
    &#64;Override
    public void onListItemClick(ListView l, View v, int position, long id) {
        // Append the clicked item's row ID with the content provider Uri
        Uri noteUri = ContentUris.{@link android.content.ContentUris#withAppendedId withAppendedId}(ArticleColumns.CONTENT_URI, id);
        // Send the event and Uri to the host activity
        mListener.onArticleSelected(noteUri);
    }
    ...
}
</pre>

<p> {@code id},   {@link
android.app.ListFragment#onListItemClick onListItemClick()},       ,
  (  )       {@link
android.content.ContentProvider} .</p>

<p><!--To see a complete implementation of this kind of callback interface, see the <a
href="{@docRoot}resources/samples/NotePad/index.html">NotePad sample</a>. -->
       <a href="{@docRoot}guide/topics/providers/content-providers.html"> </a>.</p>


<h3 id="ActionBar">    </h3>

<p>      <a href="{@docRoot}guide/topics/ui/menus.html#options-menu"> </a>  (, ,  <a href="{@docRoot}guide/topics/ui/actionbar.html"> </a>),
{@link android.app.Fragment#onCreateOptionsMenu(Menu,MenuInflater) onCreateOptionsMenu()}. ,
 ,   {@link
android.app.Fragment#setHasOptionsMenu(boolean) setHasOptionsMenu()}     {@link
android.app.Fragment#onCreate(Bundle) onCreate()},  ,
      (
{@link android.app.Fragment#onCreateOptionsMenu onCreateOptionsMenu()}).</p>

<p> ,     ,
 .  ,      {@link
android.app.Fragment#onOptionsItemSelected(MenuItem) onOptionsItemSelected()},
.</p>

<p>        ,    .      {@link
android.app.Fragment#registerForContextMenu(View) registerForContextMenu()}.
 ,     {@link
android.app.Fragment#onCreateContextMenu(ContextMenu,View,ContextMenu.ContextMenuInfo)
onCreateContextMenu()}.     ,     {@link
android.app.Fragment#onContextItemSelected(MenuItem) onContextItemSelected()}.</p>

<p class="note"><strong>.</strong>
    ,      ,
  .
  ,       .
    .</p>

<p>    .     <a href="{@docRoot}guide/topics/ui/menus.html"></a>  <a href="{@docRoot}guide/topics/ui/actionbar.html"> </a> </p>


<h2 id="Lifecycle">   </h2>

<div class="figure" style="width:350px">
<img src="{@docRoot}images/activity_fragment_lifecycle.png" alt="" />
<p class="img-caption"><strong>3</strong>.
</p>
</div>

<p>          .
,        :</p>

<dl>
  <dt><i></i></dt>
    <dd>     .</dd>

  <dt><i></i></dt>
    <dd>         ,  ,
, -  (
  ).</dd>

  <dt><i></i></dt>
    <dd>  .    ,
   ,      .
-  (        ).
         .</dd>
</dl>

<p>     :        {@link
android.os.Bundle}  ,     ,
     .          {@link
android.app.Fragment#onSaveInstanceState onSaveInstanceState()}
{@link android.app.Fragment#onCreate onCreate()}, {@link
android.app.Fragment#onCreateView onCreateView()}  {@link
android.app.Fragment#onActivityCreated onActivityCreated()}.
    <a href="{@docRoot}guide/components/activities.html#SavingActivityState"></a>.
</p>

<p>
      .            ,
   (
     <em></em>,     <a href="{@docRoot}guide/components/tasks-and-back-stack.html">    </a>).
   ,      ,  ,
    ,   {@link
android.app.FragmentTransaction#addToBackStack(String) addToBackStack()}   ,
 .</p>

<p>
.     <a href="{@docRoot}guide/components/activities.html#Lifecycle">
</a>    .     ,
     .</p>

<p class="caution"><strong>!</strong>      {@link android.content.Context}
   {@link android.app.Fragment},   {@link android.app.Fragment#getActivity()}.
        {@link android.app.Fragment#getActivity()}
  .
  ,  {@link android.app.Fragment#getActivity()}  null.</p>


<h3 id="CoordinatingWithActivity">    </h3>

<p>  ,  ,
,
. ,     {@link android.app.Activity#onPause},
   {@link android.app.Fragment#onPause}.</p>

<p>          ,
   ,       .
:</p>

<dl>
  <dt>{@link android.app.Fragment#onAttach onAttach()}</dt>
    <dd>,      (   {@link
android.app.Activity}).</dd>
  <dt>{@link android.app.Fragment#onCreateView onCreateView()}</dt>
    <dd>    ,   .</dd>
  <dt>{@link android.app.Fragment#onActivityCreated onActivityCreated()}</dt>
    <dd>,   {@link android.app.Activity#onCreate
onCreate()},  ,  .</dd>
  <dt>{@link android.app.Fragment#onDestroyView onDestroyView()}</dt>
    <dd>    ,   .</dd>
  <dt>{@link android.app.Fragment#onDetach onDetach()}</dt>
    <dd>      .</dd>
</dl>

<p>
3.     ,     ,
     . ,        {@link
android.app.Activity#onCreate onCreate()},
{@link android.app.Fragment#onActivityCreated onActivityCreated()}.</p>

<p>     ,
.  ,       ,
  .</p>

<p>,      ,
    .</p>


<h2 id="Example">:</h2>

<p>      ,   ,
        . ,    ,
   ,       ,
 .   ,
    . </p>

<p class="note"><strong>.</strong>
<a href="{@docRoot}resources/samples/ApiDemos/src/com/example/android/apis/app/FragmentLayout.html">{@code
FragmentLayout.java}</a>.</p>

<p>     ,   {@link
android.app.Activity#onCreate onCreate()}:</p>

{@sample development/samples/ApiDemos/src/com/example/android/apis/app/FragmentLayout.java main}

<p>   {@code fragment_layout.xml}:</p>

{@sample development/samples/ApiDemos/res/layout-land/fragment_layout.xml layout}

<p>  ,     {@code TitlesFragment} (
),     .    {@link android.widget.FrameLayout}
(       )
,    .    ,     {@link android.widget.FrameLayout},
 .</p>

<p>     ,
     .
     {@code res/layout-land/fragment_layout.xml}.</p>

<p>      ,   ,  ,
  {@code res/layout/fragment_layout.xml}:</p>

{@sample development/samples/ApiDemos/res/layout/fragment_layout.xml layout}

<p>      {@code TitlesFragment}.  ,
      .
   ,        ,
    .</p>

<p>  ,      .     {@code
TitlesFragment},    .      {@link
android.app.ListFragment}          .</p>

<p> ,    ,
     .    ,     ,
   (      {@link
android.widget.FrameLayout}),     ( ).</p>

{@sample development/samples/ApiDemos/src/com/example/android/apis/app/FragmentLayout.java titles}

<p> , {@code DetailsFragment},    ,
 {@code TitlesFragment}:</p>

{@sample development/samples/ApiDemos/src/com/example/android/apis/app/FragmentLayout.java details}

<p>   {@code TitlesFragment}:      ,
  <em></em>     {@code R.id.details} (
{@code DetailsFragment}),     {@code DetailsActivity}
   .</p>

<p>    {@code DetailsActivity},      {@code DetailsFragment}
        :</p>

{@sample development/samples/ApiDemos/src/com/example/android/apis/app/FragmentLayout.java
details_activity}

<p> ,        ,
       {@code DetailsFragment}   {@code TitlesFragment}.
  ,     {@code DetailsActivity}    ,
      (      ).</p>


<p>  ,   (       ),
  - API Demos   <a href="{@docRoot}resources/samples/ApiDemos/src/com/example/android/apis/app/index.html#Fragment">
ApiDemos</a> (    <a href="{@docRoot}resources/samples/get.html"> Samples SDK</a>).</p>