guide/components/services.jd

page.title=
@jd:body

<div id="qv-wrapper">
<ol id="qv">
<h2> </h2>
<ol>
<li><a href="#Basics"></a></li>
<ol>
  <li><a href="#Declaring">   </a></li>
</ol>
<li><a href="#CreatingAService">  </a>
  <ol>
    <li><a href="#ExtendingIntentService">  IntentService</a></li>
    <li><a href="#ExtendingService">  Service</a></li>
    <li><a href="#StartingAService"> </a></li>
    <li><a href="#Stopping"> </a></li>
  </ol>
</li>
<li><a href="#CreatingBoundService">  </a></li>
<li><a href="#Notifications">  </a></li>
<li><a href="#Foreground">    </a></li>
<li><a href="#Lifecycle">   </a>
<ol>
  <li><a href="#LifecycleCallbacks">    </a></li>
</ol>
</li>
</ol>

<h2> </h2>
<ol>
  <li>{@link android.app.Service}</li>
  <li>{@link android.app.IntentService}</li>
</ol>

<h2></h2>
<ol>
  <li><a href="{@docRoot}resources/samples/ApiDemos/src/com/example/android/apis/app/ServiceStartArguments.html">{@code
      ServiceStartArguments}</a></li>
  <li><a href="{@docRoot}resources/samples/ApiDemos/src/com/example/android/apis/app/LocalService.html">{@code
      LocalService}</a></li>
</ol>

<h2>. :</h2>
<ol>
<li><a href="{@docRoot}guide/components/bound-services.html"> </a></li>
</ol>

</div>


<p>{@link android.app.Service}   ,
         .
   ,          ,
   .  ,
        (IPC). ,
  ,  ,  -      ,
   .</p>

<p>     :</p>

<dl>
  <dt></dt>
  <dd>  ,    (, )
 {@link android.content.Context#startService startService()}.
        ,    ,   .
          .
,        .   ,
   .</dd>
  <dt></dt>
  <dd>  ,        {@link
android.content.Context#bindService bindService()}.     -,
     ,  ,
        (IPC).
     .        ,
     ,  .</dd>
</dl>

<p>         ,
       (     )   .
       : {@link
android.app.Service#onStartCommand onStartCommand()}    ,  {@link
android.app.Service#onBind onBind()}   .</p>

<p>    (,     )
   (   )  ,
     {@link android.content.Intent}.
           .
    <a href="#Declaring">
 </a>.</p>

<p class="caution"><strong>!</strong>
      <strong></strong>
 <strong></strong>     (    ).  ,
               (,  MP3
  ),           .
 ,        ,
         .</p>


<h2 id="Basics"></h2>

<div class="sidebox-wrapper">
<div class="sidebox">
  <h3>      ?</h3>
  <p>   ,      ,
   . ,        ,
 .</p>
  <p>        ,     ,
 ,  , ,    ,   . ,
     ,      ,
  {@link android.app.Activity#onCreate onCreate()},      {@link
android.app.Activity#onStart onStart()},       {@link android.app.Activity#onStop
onStop()}.      {@link android.os.AsyncTask}  {@link android.os.HandlerThread}
   {@link java.lang.Thread}.   <a href="{@docRoot}guide/components/processes-and-threads.html#Threads">
 </a>      .</p>
  <p>,      ,         ,
       ,
 .</p>
</div>
</div>

<p>  ,     {@link android.app.Service} (
   ).         ,

   .     ,   :</p>

<dl>
  <dt>{@link android.app.Service#onStartCommand onStartCommand()}</dt>
    <dd>   ,   , , ,
   ,  {@link android.content.Context#startService
startService()}.
   .     ,
  {@link android.app.Service#stopSelf stopSelf()}  {@link
android.content.Context#stopService stopService()}. (    ,
    ).</dd>
  <dt>{@link android.app.Service#onBind onBind()}</dt>
    <dd>   ,
  (,     )   {@link android.content.Context#bindService
bindService()}.         ,
    ,  {@link android.os.IBinder}.
 ,       ,    null.</dd>
  <dt>{@link android.app.Service#onCreate()}</dt>
    <dd>
  (  {@link android.app.Service#onStartCommand onStartCommand()}
{@link android.app.Service#onBind onBind()}).    ,
.</dd>
  <dt>{@link android.app.Service#onDestroy()}</dt>
    <dd>   ,         .
       ,   ,
,   ..   ,   .</dd>
</dl>

<p>      {@link
android.content.Context#startService startService()} (    {@link
android.app.Service#onStartCommand onStartCommand()}),
 ,        {@link android.app.Service#stopSelf()}
      {@link android.content.Context#stopService stopService()}.</p>

<p>
{@link android.content.Context#bindService bindService()}    ( {@link
android.app.Service#onStartCommand onStartCommand()} <em></em> ),   ,
   .         ,
  .</p>

<p> Android        ,    ,
 ,     .     ,     ,
 ,    ,      <a href="#Foreground">   </a> (  ),      .
  ,       ,
 ,
    ,
.     ,   ,
   (     ,   {@link
android.app.Service#onStartCommand onStartCommand()},   ).
 ,          <a href="{@docRoot}guide/components/processes-and-threads.html">  </a>
.</p>

<p>
    .</p>


<h3 id="Declaring">   </h3>

<p> ,    (  ),
  .</p>

<p>  ,   <a href="{@docRoot}guide/topics/manifest/service-element.html">{@code &lt;service&gt;}</a>
,    <a href="{@docRoot}guide/topics/manifest/application-element.html">{@code &lt;application&gt;}</a>
. :</p>

<pre>
&lt;manifest ... &gt;
  ...
  &lt;application ... &gt;
      &lt;service android:name=".ExampleService" /&gt;
      ...
  &lt;/application&gt;
&lt;/manifest&gt;
</pre>

<p>
  .     <a href="{@docRoot}guide/topics/manifest/service-element.html">{@code &lt;service&gt;}</a>.</p>

<p>  ,      <a href="{@docRoot}guide/topics/manifest/service-element.html">{@code &lt;service&gt;}</a>
 , ,    ,  ,
    .  <a href="{@docRoot}guide/topics/manifest/service-element.html#nm">{@code android:name}</a>
         .
        ,
 -    , ,      (   <a href="http://android-developers.blogspot.com/2011/06/things-that-cannot-change.html">,
 </a>   ).

<p>    <strong>
  {@link android.app.Service}</strong>       .
      ,   ,
           {@link
android.content.Intent},           {@link
android.content.Intent#setPackage setPackage()},
  .</p>

<p>         ,
  <a href="{@docRoot}guide/topics/manifest/service-element.html#exported">{@code android:exported}</a>
     {@code "false"}.
      .</p>


<h2 id="CreatingStartedService">  </h2>

<p>   ,      {@link
android.content.Context#startService startService()},
 {@link android.app.Service#onStartCommand onStartCommand()} .</p>

<p>     ,      ,
         ,
   ,   .
   {@link android.app.Service#stopSelf stopSelf()},
  {@link android.content.Context#stopService stopService()}.</p>

<p> , , ,   ,   {@link
android.content.Context#startService startService()}    {@link android.content.Intent},
     ,    .
  {@link android.content.Intent}   {@link android.app.Service#onStartCommand
onStartCommand()}.</p>

<p>,          .
       ,     {@link
android.content.Context#startService startService()}.      {@link
android.app.Service#onStartCommand onStartCommand()},
  .   ,
  .</p>

<p class="caution"><strong>!</strong>        ,   ,
   ,       . ,
    ,
,     .
,       .</p>

<p>   ,        :</p>
<dl>
  <dt>{@link android.app.Service}</dt>
  <dd>     .     ,
  ,       ,
,     ,
  .</dd>
  <dt>{@link android.app.IntentService}</dt>
  <dd>   {@link android.app.Service},
  .   ,    ,
   .    {@link
android.app.IntentService#onHandleIntent onHandleIntent()},
 ,    .</dd>
</dl>

<p>   ,
.</p>


<h3 id="ExtendingIntentService">  IntentService</h3>

<p>          ,
(     ),   ,
      {@link android.app.IntentService}.</p>

<p> {@link android.app.IntentService}  :</p>

<ul>
  <li>    ,    ,    {@link
android.app.Service#onStartCommand onStartCommand()},
 .</li>
  <li>  ,          {@link
android.app.IntentService#onHandleIntent onHandleIntent()},
 .</li>
  <li>      ,
{@link android.app.Service#stopSelf}.</li>
  <li>   {@link android.app.IntentService#onBind onBind()}  ,
 null.</li>
  <li>   {@link android.app.IntentService#onStartCommand
onStartCommand()}  ,            {@link
android.app.IntentService#onHandleIntent onHandleIntent()}.</li>
</ul>

<p>  ,      {@link
android.app.IntentService#onHandleIntent onHandleIntent()}   ,
. (,  ,       ).</p>

<p>     {@link android.app.IntentService}:</p>

<pre>
public class HelloIntentService extends IntentService {

  /**
   * A constructor is required, and must call the super {@link android.app.IntentService#IntentService}
   * constructor with a name for the worker thread.
   */
  public HelloIntentService() {
      super("HelloIntentService");
  }

  /**
   * The IntentService calls this method from the default worker thread with
   * the intent that started the service. When this method returns, IntentService
   * stops the service, as appropriate.
   */
  &#64;Override
  protected void onHandleIntent(Intent intent) {
      // Normally we would do some work here, like download a file.
      // For our sample, we just sleep for 5 seconds.
      long endTime = System.currentTimeMillis() + 5*1000;
      while (System.currentTimeMillis() &lt; endTime) {
          synchronized (this) {
              try {
                  wait(endTime - System.currentTimeMillis());
              } catch (Exception e) {
              }
          }
      }
  }
}
</pre>

<p> ,  :     {@link
android.app.IntentService#onHandleIntent onHandleIntent()}.</p>

<p>         ,   {@link
android.app.IntentService#onCreate onCreate()}, {@link
android.app.IntentService#onStartCommand onStartCommand()}  {@link
android.app.IntentService#onDestroy onDestroy()},    ,
  {@link android.app.IntentService}       .</p>

<p>,  {@link android.app.IntentService#onStartCommand onStartCommand()}
   (    {@link
android.app.IntentService#onHandleIntent onHandleIntent()}):</p>

<pre>
&#64;Override
public int onStartCommand(Intent intent, int flags, int startId) {
    Toast.makeText(this, "service starting", Toast.LENGTH_SHORT).show();
    return super.onStartCommand(intent,flags,startId);
}
</pre>

<p> {@link android.app.IntentService#onHandleIntent onHandleIntent()},  ,
      ,   {@link android.app.IntentService#onBind
onBind()} (      ,     ).</p>

<p>    ,
  {@link android.app.Service},     ,
,       .</p>


<h3 id="ExtendingService">  Service</h3>

<p>     ,   {@link android.app.IntentService}
  . ,  ,
  (      ),
  {@link android.app.Service}    .</p>

<p>       {@link
android.app.Service},     ,    ,   {@link
android.app.IntentService}.
     .</p>

<pre>
public class HelloService extends Service {
  private Looper mServiceLooper;
  private ServiceHandler mServiceHandler;

  // Handler that receives messages from the thread
  private final class ServiceHandler extends Handler {
      public ServiceHandler(Looper looper) {
          super(looper);
      }
      &#64;Override
      public void handleMessage(Message msg) {
          // Normally we would do some work here, like download a file.
          // For our sample, we just sleep for 5 seconds.
          long endTime = System.currentTimeMillis() + 5*1000;
          while (System.currentTimeMillis() &lt; endTime) {
              synchronized (this) {
                  try {
                      wait(endTime - System.currentTimeMillis());
                  } catch (Exception e) {
                  }
              }
          }
          // Stop the service using the startId, so that we don't stop
          // the service in the middle of handling another job
          stopSelf(msg.arg1);
      }
  }

  &#64;Override
  public void onCreate() {
    // Start up the thread running the service.  Note that we create a
    // separate thread because the service normally runs in the process's
    // main thread, which we don't want to block.  We also make it
    // background priority so CPU-intensive work will not disrupt our UI.
    HandlerThread thread = new HandlerThread("ServiceStartArguments",
            Process.THREAD_PRIORITY_BACKGROUND);
    thread.start();

    // Get the HandlerThread's Looper and use it for our Handler
    mServiceLooper = thread.getLooper();
    mServiceHandler = new ServiceHandler(mServiceLooper);
  }

  &#64;Override
  public int onStartCommand(Intent intent, int flags, int startId) {
      Toast.makeText(this, "service starting", Toast.LENGTH_SHORT).show();

      // For each start request, send a message to start a job and deliver the
      // start ID so we know which request we're stopping when we finish the job
      Message msg = mServiceHandler.obtainMessage();
      msg.arg1 = startId;
      mServiceHandler.sendMessage(msg);

      // If we get killed, after returning from here, restart
      return START_STICKY;
  }

  &#64;Override
  public IBinder onBind(Intent intent) {
      // We don't provide binding, so return null
      return null;
  }

  &#64;Override
  public void onDestroy() {
    Toast.makeText(this, "service done", Toast.LENGTH_SHORT).show();
  }
}
</pre>

<p>  ,    ,      {@link android.app.IntentService}.</p>

<p>,       {@link android.app.Service#onStartCommand
onStartCommand()} ,      .
    ,
     (     ).</p>

<p> ,   {@link android.app.Service#onStartCommand onStartCommand()}
  .    ,        ,
    (  ,      {@link
android.app.IntentService}   ,     ). ,
  {@link android.app.Service#onStartCommand onStartCommand()},
:</p>

<dl>
  <dt>{@link android.app.Service#START_NOT_STICKY}</dt>
    <dd>       {@link android.app.Service#onStartCommand
onStartCommand()}, <em> </em>   ,
 .    ,     ,
         .</dd>
  <dt>{@link android.app.Service#START_STICKY}</dt>
    <dd>       {@link android.app.Service#onStartCommand
onStartCommand()},      {@link
android.app.Service#onStartCommand onStartCommand()},  <em></em>    .
     {@link android.app.Service#onStartCommand onStartCommand()}  ,
   null,       .    ,
 .      (  ),
 ,      .</dd>
  <dt>{@link android.app.Service#START_REDELIVER_INTENT}</dt>
    <dd>       {@link android.app.Service#onStartCommand
onStartCommand()},      {@link
android.app.Service#onStartCommand onStartCommand()}   ,
 .      .    ,
  ,     , ,   .</dd>
</dl>
<p>        .
.</p>


<h3 id="StartingAService"> </h3>

<p>        ,
{@link android.content.Intent} ( ,   )  {@link
android.content.Context#startService startService()}.  Android   {@link
android.app.Service#onStartCommand onStartCommand()}     {@link
android.content.Intent}. (        {@link android.app.Service#onStartCommand
onStartCommand()} ).</p>

<p>,          ({@code
HelloSevice}),      {@link android.content.Context#startService
startService()}:</p>

<pre>
Intent intent = new Intent(this, HelloService.class);
startService(intent);
</pre>

<p> {@link android.content.Context#startService startService()}  ,
Android    {@link android.app.Service#onStartCommand
onStartCommand()}.     ,    {@link
android.app.Service#onCreate onCreate()},   {@link android.app.Service#onStartCommand
onStartCommand()}.</p>

<p>     , ,    {@link
android.content.Context#startService startService()},
   . ,   ,     ,
,   ,    {@link android.app.PendingIntent}
(  {@link android.app.PendingIntent#getBroadcast getBroadcast()})
  {@link android.content.Intent},   .
   .</p>

<p>
{@link android.app.Service#onStartCommand onStartCommand()} .
 (  {@link android.app.Service#stopSelf stopSelf()}  {@link
android.content.Context#stopService stopService()}).</p>


<h3 id="Stopping"> </h3>

<p>      .  ,
 ,      ,
      {@link android.app.Service#onStartCommand onStartCommand()}.
       {@link android.app.Service#stopSelf stopSelf()},
       {@link android.content.Context#stopService stopService()}.</p>

<p>     {@link android.app.Service#stopSelf stopSelf()}  {@link
android.content.Context#stopService stopService()},
.</p>

<p>,      {@link
android.app.Service#onStartCommand onStartCommand()} ,
    ,  , ,
  (         ).
 ,     {@link android.app.Service#stopSelf(int)}, ,
        .  ,    {@link
android.app.Service#stopSelf(int)},      ( <code>startId</code>,
  {@link android.app.Service#onStartCommand onStartCommand()}),
 . ,        ,     {@link
android.app.Service#stopSelf(int)},         .</p>

<p class="caution"><strong>!</strong>          ,
        .
        {@link
android.content.Context#stopService stopService()}.       ,
    ,   -   {@link
android.app.Service#onStartCommand onStartCommand()}.</p>

<p>         <a href="#Lifecycle">   </a> .</p>


<h2 id="CreatingBoundService">  </h2>

<p>   ,          {@link
android.content.Context#bindService bindService()}
(     <em></em>    {@link
android.content.Context#startService startService()}).</p>

<p>    ,

     (IPC).</p>

<p>   ,      {@link
android.app.Service#onBind onBind()}    {@link android.os.IBinder},
     .
 {@link android.content.Context#bindService bindService()}
   .          ,
,   ,   ,
( <em></em>    ,     ,
 {@link android.app.Service#onStartCommand onStartCommand()}).</p>

<p>   ,      ,
  .
      {@link android.os.IBinder},
     {@link android.app.Service#onBind
onBind()}.  ,     {@link android.os.IBinder},
     .</p>

<p>       .
 ,   {@link android.content.Context#unbindService unbindService()}   .
    ,   ,   .</p>

<p>     ,    ,
   ,
 <a href="{@docRoot}guide/components/bound-services.html"> </a>.</p>


<h2 id="Notifications">  </h2>

<p>       ,  <a href="{@docRoot}guide/topics/ui/notifiers/toasts.html"> </a>  <a href="{@docRoot}guide/topics/ui/notifiers/notifications.html">   </a>.</p>

<p>   ,      ,
            ,
   ,    (   ).</p>

<p>        ,   -
(,
 ),    .
 ,     (,    ).</p>

<p>  .     <a href="{@docRoot}guide/topics/ui/notifiers/toasts.html"> </a> <a href="{@docRoot}guide/topics/ui/notifiers/notifications.html">
   </a>.</p>


<h2 id="Foreground">    </h2>

<p>    ,
,             .
       ,
.  ,      ,
       .</p>

<p>,  ,     ,
  ,
 .
      .</p>

<p>           {@link
android.app.Service#startForeground startForeground()}.     :  ,
      {@link
android.app.Notification}   . :</p>

<pre>
Notification notification = new Notification(R.drawable.icon, getText(R.string.ticker_text),
        System.currentTimeMillis());
Intent notificationIntent = new Intent(this, ExampleActivity.class);
PendingIntent pendingIntent = PendingIntent.getActivity(this, 0, notificationIntent, 0);
notification.setLatestEventInfo(this, getText(R.string.notification_title),
        getText(R.string.notification_message), pendingIntent);
startForeground(ONGOING_NOTIFICATION_ID, notification);
</pre>

<p class="caution"><strong>!</strong>   ID,      {@link
android.app.Service#startForeground startForeground()},     0.</p>


<p>     ,  {@link
android.app.Service#stopForeground stopForeground()}.     , ,
       .   <em></em>
. ,    ,    ,
  .</p>

<p>    .   <a href="{@docRoot}guide/topics/ui/notifiers/notifications.html">
  </a>.</p>


<h2 id="Lifecycle">   </h2>

<p>    ,    . ,
   ,      ,
       .</p>

<p>
 :</p>

<ul>
<li>
  <p> ,      {@link
android.content.Context#startService startService()}.
     {@link
android.app.Service#stopSelf() stopSelf()}.
   {@link android.content.Context#stopService
stopService()}.   ,   .</p></li>

<li>
  <p> ,    ()   {@link
android.content.Context#bindService bindService()}.
  {@link android.os.IBinder}.
 {@link android.content.Context#unbindService unbindService()}.
 ,      ,   . (
<em></em>   .)</p></li>
</ul>

<p>        .      ,
   {@link android.content.Context#startService startService()}. ,
        {@link android.content.Context#startService
startService()}   {@link android.content.Intent},     . ,
,             ,
         {@link
android.content.Context#bindService bindService()}.     {@link
android.content.Context#stopService stopService()}  {@link android.app.Service#stopSelf
stopSelf()}    ,       . </p>


<h3 id="LifecycleCallbacks">    </h3>

<p> ,       ,
         .
      .</p>

<pre>
public class ExampleService extends Service {
    int mStartMode;       // indicates how to behave if the service is killed
    IBinder mBinder;      // interface for clients that bind
    boolean mAllowRebind; // indicates whether onRebind should be used

    &#64;Override
    public void {@link android.app.Service#onCreate onCreate}() {
        // The service is being created
    }
    &#64;Override
    public int {@link android.app.Service#onStartCommand onStartCommand}(Intent intent, int flags, int startId) {
        // The service is starting, due to a call to {@link android.content.Context#startService startService()}
        return <em>mStartMode</em>;
    }
    &#64;Override
    public IBinder {@link android.app.Service#onBind onBind}(Intent intent) {
        // A client is binding to the service with {@link android.content.Context#bindService bindService()}
        return <em>mBinder</em>;
    }
    &#64;Override
    public boolean {@link android.app.Service#onUnbind onUnbind}(Intent intent) {
        // All clients have unbound with {@link android.content.Context#unbindService unbindService()}
        return <em>mAllowRebind</em>;
    }
    &#64;Override
    public void {@link android.app.Service#onRebind onRebind}(Intent intent) {
        // A client is binding to the service with {@link android.content.Context#bindService bindService()},
        // after onUnbind() has already been called
    }
    &#64;Override
    public void {@link android.app.Service#onDestroy onDestroy}() {
        // The service is no longer used and is being destroyed
    }
}
</pre>

<p class="note"><strong>.</strong>         ,
<em></em>        .</p>

<img src="{@docRoot}images/service_lifecycle.png" alt="" />
<p class="img-caption"><strong> 2.</strong>   .
  ,      {@link android.content.Context#startService
startService()},       ,
  {@link android.content.Context#bindService bindService()}.</p>

<p>             : </p>

<ul>
<li><strong>  </strong>      {@link
android.app.Service#onCreate onCreate()}     {@link
android.app.Service#onDestroy}.  ,
{@link android.app.Service#onCreate onCreate()}        {@link
android.app.Service#onDestroy onDestroy()}.  ,
           {@link
android.app.Service#onCreate onCreate()},      {@link
android.app.Service#onDestroy onDestroy()}.

<p> {@link android.app.Service#onCreate onCreate()}  {@link android.app.Service#onDestroy
onDestroy()}    ,    :
{@link android.content.Context#startService startService()}  {@link
android.content.Context#bindService bindService()}.</p></li>

<li><strong>  </strong>      {@link
android.app.Service#onStartCommand onStartCommand()}  {@link android.app.Service#onBind onBind()}.
    {@link
android.content.Intent},     {@link android.content.Context#startService
startService()}  {@link android.content.Context#bindService bindService()}, .
<p>  ,
   (       {@link android.app.Service#onStartCommand
onStartCommand()}).    ,    ,    {@link
android.app.Service#onUnbind onUnbind()}.</p>
</li>
</ul>

<p class="note"><strong>.</strong>
 {@link android.app.Service#stopSelf stopSelf()}  {@link
android.content.Context#stopService stopService()},
(   {@code onStop()}). ,      ,
       {@link
android.app.Service#onDestroy onDestroy()}      .</p>

<p> 2       .
,    {@link android.content.Context#startService startService()},  ,
   {@link android.content.Context#bindService bindService()}, ,
  ,    ,      .
 ,     {@link android.app.Service#onStartCommand
onStartCommand()} (,   {@link android.content.Context#startService startService()}),
    {@link android.app.Service#onBind onBind()} (
 {@link android.content.Context#bindService bindService()}).</p>

<p>    ,   , .   <a href="{@docRoot}guide/components/bound-services.html"> </a>,
        {@link android.app.Service#onRebind onRebind()}
  <a href="{@docRoot}guide/components/bound-services.html#Lifecycle">
 </a>.</p>


<!--
<h2>Beginner's Path</h2>

<p>To learn how to query data from the system or other applications (such as contacts or media
stored on the device), continue with the <b><a
href="{@docRoot}guide/topics/providers/content-providers.html">Content Providers</a></b>
document.</p>
-->