1 page.title=Truy cp Ti nguyn 2 parent.title=Ti nguyn ng dng 3 parent.link=index.html 4 @jd:body 5 6 <div id="qv-wrapper"> 7 <div id="qv"> 8 <h2>Xem nhanh</h2> 9 <ul> 10 <li>Ti nguyn c th c tham chiu t m bng cc s nguyn t {@code R.java}, chng hn nh 11 {@code R.drawable.myimage}</li> 12 <li>Ti nguyn c th c tham chiu t cc ti nguyn bng cch s dng mt c php XML c bit, v d nh {@code 13 @drawable/myimage}</li> 14 <li>Bn cng c th truy cp ti nguyn ng dng ca mnh bng cc phng php trong 15 {@link android.content.res.Resources}</li> 16 </ul> 17 18 <h2>Lp kha</h2> 19 <ol> 20 <li>{@link android.content.res.Resources}</li> 21 </ol> 22 23 <h2>Trong ti liu ny</h2> 24 <ol> 25 <li><a href="#ResourcesFromCode">Truy cp Ti nguyn t M</a></li> 26 <li><a href="#ResourcesFromXml">Truy cp Ti nguyn t XML</a> 27 <ol> 28 <li><a href="#ReferencesToThemeAttributes">Tham chiu cc thuc tnh kiu</a></li> 29 </ol> 30 </li> 31 <li><a href="#PlatformResources">Truy cp Ti nguyn Nn tng</a></li> 32 </ol> 33 34 <h2>Xem thm</h2> 35 <ol> 36 <li><a href="providing-resources.html">Cung cp Ti nguyn</a></li> 37 <li><a href="available-resources.html">Loi Ti nguyn</a></li> 38 </ol> 39 </div> 40 </div> 41 42 43 44 45 <p>Sau khi cung cp mt ti nguyn trong ng dng ca mnh ( cp trong <a href="providing-resources.html">Cung cp Ti nguyn</a>), bn c th p dng n bng cch 46 tham chiu ID ti nguyn . Tt c ID ti nguyn c nh ngha trong lp {@code R} d n ca bn, do 47 cng c {@code aapt} t ng khi to.</p> 48 49 <p>Khi ng dng ca bn c bin dch, {@code aapt} khi to lp {@code R}, trong cha 50 ID ti nguyn cho tt c ti nguyn trong th mc {@code 51 res/} ca bn. Vi mi loi ti nguyn, c mt lp con {@code R} (v d, 52 {@code R.drawable} cho tt c ti nguyn c th v), v vi mi ti nguyn loi , c mt s nguyn 53 tnh (v d, {@code R.drawable.icon}). S nguyn ny l ID ti nguyn m bn c th s dng 54 truy xut ti nguyn ca mnh.</p> 55 56 <p>Mc d lp {@code R} l ni cc ID ti nguyn c quy nh, bn s khng cn 57 tm khm ph mt ID ti nguyn. Mt ID ti nguyn lun bao gm:</p> 58 <ul> 59 <li><em>Loi ti nguyn</em>: Mi ti nguyn c nhm vo mt "loi," chng hn nh {@code 60 string}, {@code drawable}, v {@code layout}. bit thm v cc loi khc nhau, hy xem phn <a href="available-resources.html">Loi Ti nguyn</a>. 61 </li> 62 <li><em>Tn ti nguyn</em>, l, hoc: tn tp, 63 khng bao gm phn m rng; hoc gi tr trong thuc tnh XML {@code android:name}, nu ti nguyn 64 l mt gi tr n gin (chng hn nh mt xu).</li> 65 </ul> 66 67 <p>C hai cch bn c th truy cp mt ti nguyn:</p> 68 <ul> 69 <li><strong>Trong m:</strong> S dng mt s nguyn tnh t mt lp con ca lp {@code R} 70 ca bn, chng hn nh: 71 <pre class="classic no-pretty-print">R.string.hello</pre> 72 <p>{@code string} l loi ti nguyn v {@code hello} l tn ti nguyn. C nhiu 73 API Android m c th truy cp cc ti nguyn ca bn khi bn cung cp mt ID ti nguyn theo nh dng ny. Xem 74 <a href="#ResourcesFromCode">Truy cp Ti nguyn trong M</a>.</p> 75 </li> 76 <li><strong>Trong XML:</strong> S dng mt c php XML c bit m cng tng ng vi 77 ID ti nguyn c nh ngha trong lp {@code R} ca bn, chng hn nh: 78 <pre class="classic no-pretty-print">@string/hello</pre> 79 <p>{@code string} l loi ti nguyn v {@code hello} l tn ti nguyn. Bn c th s dng c php 80 ny trong mt ti nguyn XML bt k ni no c k vng mt gi tr m bn cung cp trong mt ti nguyn. Xem phn <a href="#ResourcesFromXml">Truy cp Ti nguyn t XML</a>.</p> 81 </li> 82 </ul> 83 84 85 86 <h2 id="ResourcesFromCode">Truy cp Ti nguyn trong M </h2> 87 88 <p>Bn c th s dng mt ti nguyn trong m bng cch chuyn ID ti nguyn nh mt tham s phng php. V 89 d, bn c th t mt {@link android.widget.ImageView} s dng ti nguyn {@code res/drawable/myimage.png} 90 bng cch s dng {@link android.widget.ImageView#setImageResource(int) setImageResource()}:</p> 91 <pre> 92 ImageView imageView = (ImageView) findViewById(R.id.myimageview); 93 imageView.setImageResource(<strong>R.drawable.myimage</strong>); 94 </pre> 95 96 <p>Bn cng c th truy xut cc ti nguyn ring l bng cc phng php trong {@link 97 android.content.res.Resources}, theo bn c th nhn c mt thc th 98 bng {@link android.content.Context#getResources()}.</p> 99 100 <div class="sidebox-wrapper"> 101 <div class="sidebox"> 102 <h2>Truy cp cc Tp Gc</h2> 103 104 <p>Tuy khng thng gp, song bn c th cn truy cp cc tp v th mc gc ca mnh. Nu bn lm vy th vic 105 lu cc tp ca bn trong {@code res/} s khng c tc dng vi bn, v cch duy nht c mt ti nguyn t 106 {@code res/} l bng ID ti nguyn. Thay vo , bn c th lu cc ti nguyn ca mnh trong th mc 107 {@code assets/}.</p> 108 <p>Cc tp lu trong th mc {@code assets/} <em>khng</em> c cp ID ti nguyn 109 , v th bn khng th tham chiu chng thng qua lp {@code R} hoc t cc ti nguyn XML. Thay vo , bn c th 110 truy vn cc tp trong th mc {@code assets/} nh mt h thng tp bnh thng v c d liu th bng cch s dng 111 {@link android.content.res.AssetManager}.</p> 112 <p>Tuy nhin, nu tt c nhng g bn yu cu l kh nng c d liu th (chng hn nh mt tp video hoc m thanh), 113 vy bn hy lu tp trong th mc {@code res/raw/} v c mt lung byte bng cch s dng {@link 114 android.content.res.Resources#openRawResource(int) openRawResource()}.</p> 115 116 </div> 117 </div> 118 119 120 <h3>C php</h3> 121 122 <p>Sau y l c php tham chiu mt ti nguyn trong m:</p> 123 124 <pre class="classic no-pretty-print"> 125 [<em><package_name></em>.]R.<em><resource_type></em>.<em><resource_name></em> 126 </pre> 127 128 <ul> 129 <li><em>{@code <package_name>}</em> l tn ca gi m ti nguyn nm trong (khng 130 bt buc khi tham chiu cc ti nguyn t gi ca chnh bn).</li> 131 <li><em>{@code <resource_type>}</em> l lp con {@code R} cho loi ti nguyn.</li> 132 <li><em>{@code <resource_name>}</em> hoc l tn tp ti nguyn 133 khng c phn m rng hoc l gi tr thuc tnh {@code android:name} trong phn t XML (i vi cc gi tr 134 n gin).</li> 135 </ul> 136 <p>Xem phn <a href="available-resources.html">Loi Ti nguyn</a> 137 bit thm thng tin v mi loi ti nguyn v cch tham chiu chng.</p> 138 139 140 <h3>Trng hp s dng</h3> 141 142 <p>C nhiu phng php chp nhn mt tham s ID ti nguyn v bn c th truy xut ti nguyn bng cch s dng 143 cc phng php trong {@link android.content.res.Resources}. Bn c th ly mt thc th {@link 144 android.content.res.Resources} bng {@link android.content.Context#getResources 145 Context.getResources()}.</p> 146 147 148 <p>Sau y l mt s v d v truy cp ti nguyn trong m:</p> 149 150 <pre> 151 // Load a background for the current screen from a drawable resource 152 {@link android.app.Activity#getWindow()}.{@link 153 android.view.Window#setBackgroundDrawableResource(int) 154 setBackgroundDrawableResource}(<strong>R.drawable.my_background_image</strong>) ; 155 156 // Set the Activity title by getting a string from the Resources object, because 157 // this method requires a CharSequence rather than a resource ID 158 {@link android.app.Activity#getWindow()}.{@link android.view.Window#setTitle(CharSequence) 159 setTitle}(getResources().{@link android.content.res.Resources#getText(int) 160 getText}(<strong>R.string.main_title</strong>)); 161 162 // Load a custom layout for the current screen 163 {@link android.app.Activity#setContentView(int) 164 setContentView}(<strong>R.layout.main_screen</strong>); 165 166 // Set a slide in animation by getting an Animation from the Resources object 167 mFlipper.{@link android.widget.ViewAnimator#setInAnimation(Animation) 168 setInAnimation}(AnimationUtils.loadAnimation(this, 169 <strong>R.anim.hyperspace_in</strong>)); 170 171 // Set the text on a TextView object using a resource ID 172 TextView msgTextView = (TextView) findViewById(<strong>R.id.msg</strong>); 173 msgTextView.{@link android.widget.TextView#setText(int) 174 setText}(<strong>R.string.hello_message</strong>); 175 </pre> 176 177 178 <p class="caution"><strong>Ch :</strong> Bn khng nn sa i tp {@code 179 R.java} bng cch th cng—n c khi to bi cng c {@code aapt} khi d n ca bn c 180 bin dch. Mi thay i u b ghi vo ln bin dch ti ca bn.</p> 181 182 183 184 <h2 id="ResourcesFromXml">Truy cp Ti nguyn t XML</h2> 185 186 <p>Bn c th nh ngha cc gi tr cho mt s thuc tnh v phn t XML bng cch s dng mt 187 tham chiu ti mt ti nguyn hin c. Bn s thng lm iu ny khi to cc tp b tr, 188 cung cp cc xu v hnh nh cho widget ca mnh.</p> 189 190 <p>V d, nu thm mt {@link android.widget.Button} vo b tr ca mnh, bn nn s dng 191 mt <a href="string-resource.html">ti nguyn xu</a> cho vn bn nt:</p> 192 193 <pre> 194 <Button 195 android:layout_width="fill_parent" 196 android:layout_height="wrap_content" 197 android:text="<strong>@string/submit</strong>" /> 198 </pre> 199 200 201 <h3>C php</h3> 202 203 <p>Sau y l c php tham chiu mt ti nguyn trong mt ti nguyn XML:</p> 204 205 <pre class="classic no-pretty-print"> 206 @[<em><package_name></em>:]<em><resource_type></em>/<em><resource_name></em> 207 </pre> 208 209 <ul> 210 <li>{@code <package_name>} l tn ca gi m ti nguyn nm trong (khng 211 bt buc khi tham chiu cc ti nguyn t cng gi )</li> 212 <li>{@code <resource_type>} l lp con 213 {@code R} cho loi ti nguyn.</li> 214 <li>{@code <resource_name>} hoc l tn tp ti nguyn 215 khng c phn m rng hoc l gi tr thuc tnh {@code android:name} trong phn t XML (i vi cc gi tr 216 n gin).</li> 217 </ul> 218 219 <p>Xem phn <a href="available-resources.html">Loi Ti nguyn</a> 220 bit thm thng tin v mi loi ti nguyn v cch tham chiu chng.</p> 221 222 223 <h3>Trng hp s dng</h3> 224 225 <p>Trong mt s trng hp bn phi s dng mt ti nguyn cho mt gi tr trong XML (v d, p dng mt hnh nh c th v 226 cho mt widget), nhng bn cng c th s dng mt ti nguyn trong XML bt k ni no chp nhn mt gi tr n gin. V 227 d, nu bn c tp ti nguyn sau bao gm mt <a href="more-resources.html#Color">ti nguyn mu</a> v mt <a href="string-resource.html">ti nguyn xu</a>:</p> 228 229 <pre> 230 <?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?> 231 <resources> 232 <color name="opaque_red">#f00</color> 233 <string name="hello">Hello!</string> 234 </resources> 235 </pre> 236 237 <p>Bn c th s dng nhng ti nguyn ny trong tp b tr sau t mu vn bn v 238 xu vn bn:</p> 239 240 <pre> 241 <?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?> 242 <EditText xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android"; 243 android:layout_width="fill_parent" 244 android:layout_height="fill_parent" 245 android:textColor="<strong>@color/opaque_red</strong>" 246 android:text="<strong>@string/hello</strong>" /> 247 </pre> 248 249 <p>Trong trng hp ny, bn khng cn quy nh tn gi trong tham chiu ti nguyn v ti nguyn 250 xut pht t gi ca chnh bn. 251 tham chiu mt ti nguyn h thng, bn s cn a vo tn gi. V d:</p> 252 253 <pre> 254 <?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?> 255 <EditText xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android"; 256 android:layout_width="fill_parent" 257 android:layout_height="fill_parent" 258 android:textColor="<strong>@android:color/secondary_text_dark</strong>" 259 android:text="@string/hello" /> 260 </pre> 261 262 <p class="note"><strong>Lu :</strong> Bn nn s dng cc ti nguyn xu 263 vo mi lc, ng dng ca bn c th c bn a ha cho cc ngn ng khc. 264 bit thng tin v vic to cc ti nguyn 265 thay th (chng hn nh xu c bn a ha), hy xem phn <a href="providing-resources.html#AlternativeResources">Cung cp Ti nguyn 266 Thay th</a>. c hng dn y v vic bn a ha ng dng ca bn cho cc ngn ng khc, 267 hy xem phn <a href="localization.html">Bn a ha</a>.</p> 268 269 <p>Bn thm ch c th s dng ti nguyn trong XML to cc b danh. V d, bn c th to mt ti nguyn c th v 270 l mt b danh cho mt ti nguyn c th v khc:</p> 271 272 <pre> 273 <?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?> 274 <bitmap xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android" 275 android:src="@drawable/other_drawable" /> 276 </pre> 277 278 <p>Nghe c v tha, nhng c th rt hu ch khi s dng ti nguyn thay th. c thm v 279 <a href="providing-resources.html#AliasResources">To ti nguyn b danh</a>.</p> 280 281 282 283 <h3 id="ReferencesToThemeAttributes">Tham chiu cc thuc tnh kiu</h3> 284 285 <p>Mt ti nguyn thuc tnh kiu s cho php bn tham chiu gi tr 286 ca mt thuc tnh trong ch ang p dng. Tham chiu mt thuc tnh kiu s cho php bn 287 ty chnh din mo ca cc phn t UI bng cch to kiu cho chng ph hp vi cc bin i tiu chun c cung cp bi 288 ch hin ti, thay v cung cp mt gi tr c m ha c nh. Tham chiu mt thuc tnh kiu 289 v c bn m ni, l "s dng kiu c nh ngha bi thuc tnh ny, trong ch hin ti."</p> 290 291 <p> tham chiu mt thuc tnh kiu, c php tn gn nh tng t vi nh dng ti nguyn thng 292 , nhng thay v biu tng @ ({@code @}), hy s dng mt du hi ({@code ?}), v 293 phn loi ti nguyn l ty chn. V d:</p> 294 295 <pre class="classic"> 296 ?[<em><package_name></em>:][<em><resource_type></em>/]<em><resource_name></em> 297 </pre> 298 299 <p>V d, sau y l cch bn c th tham chiu mt thuc tnh t mu vn bn cho ph hp vi mu vn bn 300 "chnh" ca ch h thng:</p> 301 302 <pre> 303 <EditText id="text" 304 android:layout_width="fill_parent" 305 android:layout_height="wrap_content" 306 android:textColor="<strong>?android:textColorSecondary</strong>" 307 android:text="@string/hello_world" /> 308 </pre> 309 310 <p> y, thuc tnh {@code android:textColor} quy nh tn ca mt thuc tnh kiu 311 trong ch hin ti. Hin nay, Android s dng gi tr c p dng cho thuc tnh kiu {@code android:textColorSecondary} 312 lm gi tr cho {@code android:textColor} trong widget ny. V cng c ti nguyn 313 h thng bit rng mt ti nguyn thuc tnh s c yu cu trong ng cnh ny, 314 bn khng cn nu r loi (m s l 315 <code>?android:attr/textColorSecondary</code>)—bn c th khng nu loi {@code attr}.</p> 316 317 318 319 320 <h2 id="PlatformResources">Truy cp Ti nguyn Nn tng</h2> 321 322 <p>Android bao gm nhiu ti nguyn tiu chun, chng hn nh kiu, ch v b tr. 323 truy cp cc ti nguyn ny, hy xc nh tham chiu ti nguyn ca bn bng tn gi 324 <code>android</code>. V d, Android cung cp mt ti nguyn b tr bn c th s dng cho 325 cc mc danh sch trong mt {@link android.widget.ListAdapter}:</p> 326 327 <pre> 328 {@link android.app.ListActivity#setListAdapter(ListAdapter) 329 setListAdapter}(new {@link 330 android.widget.ArrayAdapter}<String>(this, <strong>android.R.layout.simple_list_item_1</strong>, myarray)); 331 </pre> 332 333 <p>Trong v d ny, {@link android.R.layout#simple_list_item_1} l mt ti nguyn b tr c nh ngha bi 334 nn tng cho cc mc trong mt {@link android.widget.ListView}. Bn c th s dng iu ny thay v to 335 b tr ring ca mnh cho cc mc danh sch. bit thm thng tin, hy xem phn 336 <a href="{@docRoot}guide/topics/ui/layout/listview.html">Dng xem Danh sch</a> trong hng dn cho nh pht trin.</p> 337 338
